# LMS调测 ## 基本概念 LMS全称为Lite Memory Sanitizer，是一种实时检测内存操作合法性的调测工具。LMS能够实时检测缓冲区溢出（buffer overflow），释放后使用（use after free) 和重复释放（double Free), 在异常发生的第一时间通知操作系统，结合backtrace等定位手段，能准确定位到产生内存问题的代码行，极大提升内存问题定位效率。 OpenHarmony LiteOS-A内核的LMS模块提供下面几种功能： - 支持多内存池检测； - 支持LOS_MemAlloc、LOS_MemAllocAlign、LOS_MemRealloc申请出的内存检测； - 支持安全函数的访问检测（默认开启）； - 支持libc 高频函数的访问检测，包括：memset、memcpy、memmove、strcat、strcpy、strncat、strncpy。 ## 运行机制 LMS使用影子内存映射标记系统内存的状态，一共可标记为三个状态：可读写，不可读写，已释放。影子内存存放在内存池的尾部。 - 内存从堆上申请后，会将数据区的影子内存设置为“可读写”状态，并将头结点区的影子内存设置为“不可读写”状态。 - 内存在堆上被释放时，会将被释放内存的影子内存设置为“已释放”状态。 - 编译代码时，会在代码中的读写指令前插入检测函数，对地址的合法性进行检验。主要是检测访问内存的影子内存的状态值，若检测到影子内存为不可读写，则会报溢出错误；若检测到影子内存为已释放，则会报释放后使用错误。 - 在内存释放时，会检测被释放地址的影子内存状态值，若检测到影子内存非可读写，则会报重复释放错误。 ## 接口说明 ### 内核态 OpenHarmony LiteOS-A内核的LMS模块提供下面几种功能，接口详细信息可以查看[API](https://gitee.com/openharmony/kernel_liteos_a/blob/master/kernel/include/los_lms.h)参考。 **表1** LMS模块接口说明 | 功能分类 | 接口名 | 描述 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 添加指定内存池被检测 | LOS_LmsCheckPoolAdd | 将指定内存池的地址范围添加到LMS的内存检测链表上，当访问的地址在链表范围内时，LMS才进行合法性校验；且LOS_MemInit接口会调用该接口，默认将初始化的内存池挂入到检测链表中。 | | 删除指定内存池不被检测 | LOS_LmsCheckPoolDel | 不检测指定内存池地址范围内的合法性校验。 | | 使能指定内存段锁保护 | LOS_LmsAddrProtect | 为某段内存地址上锁，设置为不可读写，一旦访问则报错。 | | 去能指定内存段锁保护 | LOS_LmsAddrDisableProtect | 为某段内存地址解锁，设置为可读写。 | ### 用户态 用户态仅提供LMS检测库，不提供对外接口。 ## 开发指导 ### 内核态开发流程 开启LMS调测的典型流程如下： 1. 配置LMS模块相关宏。 配置LMS控制宏LOSCFG_KERNEL_LMS，默认关，在kernel/liteos_a目录下执行 make update_config命令配置"Kernel->Enable Lite Memory Sanitizer"中打开YES： | 宏 | menuconfig选项 | 含义 | 取值 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | LOSCFG_KERNEL_LMS | Enable Lms Feature | Lms模块的裁剪开关 | YES/NO | | LOSCFG_LMS_MAX_RECORD_POOL_NUM | Lms check pool max num | LMS支持的检测内存池最大个数 | INT | | LOSCFG_LMS_LOAD_CHECK | Enable lms read check | LMS内存读检测的裁剪开关 | YES/NO | | LOSCFG_LMS_STORE_CHECK | Enable lms write check | LMS内存写检测的裁剪开关 | YES/NO | | LOSCFG_LMS_CHECK_STRICT | Enable lms strict check, byte-by-byte | LMS内存逐字节严格检测的裁剪开关 | YES/NO | 2. 在被检测模块的编译脚本中，修改编译选项。 增加LMS检测编译选项-fsanitize=kernel-address。为避免编译器优化，增加-O0编译选项。 gcc与clang编译选项存在差异，参照如下示例： ``` if ("$ohos_build_compiler_specified" == "gcc") { cflags_c = [ "-O0", "-fsanitize=kernel-address", ] } else { cflags_c = [ "-O0", "-fsanitize=kernel-address", "-mllvm", "-asan-instrumentation-with-call-threshold=0", "-mllvm", "-asan-stack=0", "-mllvm", "-asan-globals=0", ] } ``` 3. 重新编译，查看串口输出。如果检测到内存问题，会输出检测结果。 #### 内核态编程实例 本实例实现如下功能： 1. 创建一个用于Lms测试的任务。 2. 构造内存溢出错误和释放后使用错误。 3. 添加-fsanitize=kernel-address后编译执行，观察输出结果 #### 内核态示例代码 实例代码如下： ``` #define PAGE_SIZE (0x1000U) #define INDEX_MAX 20 UINT32 g_lmsTestTaskId; char g_testLmsPool[2 * PAGE_SIZE]; STATIC VOID testPoolInit(void) { UINT32 ret = LOS_MemInit(g_testLmsPool, 2 * PAGE_SIZE); if (ret != 0) { PRINT_ERR("%s failed, ret = 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, ret); return; } } static VOID LmsTestOsmallocOverflow(VOID) { PRINTK("\n######%s start ######\n", __FUNCTION__); UINT32 i; CHAR *str = (CHAR *)LOS_MemAlloc(g_testLmsPool, INDEX_MAX); PRINTK("str[%2d]=0x%2x ", INDEX_MAX, str[INDEX_MAX]); /* trigger heap overflow at str[INDEX_MAX] */ PRINTK("\n######%s stop ######\n", __FUNCTION__); } static VOID LmsTestUseAfterFree(VOID) { PRINTK("\n######%s start ######\n", __FUNCTION__); UINT32 i; CHAR *str = (CHAR *)LOS_MemAlloc(g_testLmsPool, INDEX_MAX); LOS_MemFree(g_testLmsPool, str); PRINTK("str[%2d]=0x%2x ", 0, str[0]); /* trigger use after free at str[0] */ PRINTK("\n######%s stop ######\n", __FUNCTION__); } VOID LmsTestCaseTask(VOID) { testPoolInit(); LmsTestOsmallocOverflow(); LmsTestUseAfterFree(); } UINT32 Example_Lms_test(VOID){ UINT32 ret; TSK_INIT_PARAM_S lmsTestTask; /* 创建用于lms测试的任务 */ memset(&lmsTestTask, 0, sizeof(TSK_INIT_PARAM_S)); lmsTestTask.pfnTaskEntry = (TSK_ENTRY_FUNC)LmsTestCaseTask; lmsTestTask.pcName = "TestLmsTsk"; /* 测试任务名称 */ lmsTestTask.uwStackSize = 0x800; lmsTestTask.usTaskPrio = 5; lmsTestTask.uwResved = LOS_TASK_STATUS_DETACHED; ret = LOS_TaskCreate(&g_lmsTestTaskId, &lmsTestTask); if(ret != LOS_OK){ PRINT_ERR("LmsTestTask create failed .\n"); return LOS_NOK; } return LOS_OK; } LOS_MODULE_INIT(Example_Lms_test, LOS_INIT_LEVEL_KMOD_EXTENDED); ``` #### 内核态结果验证 输出结果如下： ``` ######LmsTestOsmallocOverflow start ###### [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected Start * [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Heap buffer overflow error detected [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Illegal READ address at: [0x4157a3c8] [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Shadow memory address: [0x4157be3c : 4] Shadow memory value: [2] OsBackTrace fp = 0x402c0f88 runTask->taskName = LmsTestCaseTask runTask->taskID = 2 ***backtrace begin*** traceback fp fixed, trace using fp = 0x402c0fd0 traceback 0 -- lr = 0x400655a4 fp = 0x402c0ff8 traceback 1 -- lr = 0x40065754 fp = 0x402c1010 traceback 2 -- lr = 0x40044bd0 fp = 0x402c1038 traceback 3 -- lr = 0x40004e14 fp = 0xcacacaca [LMS] Dump info around address [0x4157a3c8]: [0x4157a3a0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3a | 0]: 1 1 [0x4157a3a8]: ba dc cd ab 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3a | 4]: 2 2 [0x4157a3b0]: 20 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 0]: 2 0 [0x4157a3b8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 4]: 0 0 [0x4157a3c0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3c | 0]: 0 0 [0x4157a3c8]: [ba] dc cd ab a8 a3 57 41 | [0x4157be3c | 4]: [2] 2 [0x4157a3d0]: 2c 1a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 0]: 2 3 [0x4157a3d8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 4]: 3 3 [0x4157a3e0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3e | 0]: 3 3 [0x4157a3e8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3e | 4]: 3 3 [0x4157a3f0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3f | 0]: 3 3 [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected End * str[20]=0xffffffba ######LmsTestOsmallocOverflow stop ###### ###### LmsTestUseAfterFree start ###### [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected Start * [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Use after free error detected [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Illegal READ address at: [0x4157a3d4] [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Shadow memory address: [0x4157be3d : 2] Shadow memory value: [3] OsBackTrace fp = 0x402c0f90 runTask->taskName = LmsTestCaseTask runTask->taskID = 2 ***backtrace begin*** traceback fp fixed, trace using fp = 0x402c0fd8 traceback 0 -- lr = 0x40065680 fp = 0x402c0ff8 traceback 1 -- lr = 0x40065758 fp = 0x402c1010 traceback 2 -- lr = 0x40044bd0 fp = 0x402c1038 traceback 3 -- lr = 0x40004e14 fp = 0xcacacaca [LMS] Dump info around address [0x4157a3d4]: [0x4157a3a8]: ba dc cd ab 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3a | 4]: 2 2 [0x4157a3b0]: 20 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 0]: 2 0 [0x4157a3b8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 4]: 0 0 [0x4157a3c0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3c | 0]: 0 0 [0x4157a3c8]: ba dc cd ab a8 a3 57 41 | [0x4157be3c | 4]: 2 2 [0x4157a3d0]: 2c 1a 00 00 [00] 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 0]: 2 [3] [0x4157a3d8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 4]: 3 3 [0x4157a3e0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3e | 0]: 3 3 [0x4157a3e8]: ba dc cd ab c8 a3 57 41 | [0x4157be3e | 4]: 2 2 [0x4157a3f0]: 0c 1a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3f | 0]: 2 3 [0x4157a3f8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3f | 4]: 3 3 [ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected End * str[ 0]=0x 0 ######LmsTestUseAfterFree stop ###### ``` 输出的关键信息包括： - 错误类型： - Heap buffer overflow堆内存越界 - Use after free 释放后使用 - 错误操作： - Illegal Read非法读 - Illegal Write非法写 - Illegal Double free重复释放 - 上下文： - 当前任务信息（taskName， taskId） - 回溯栈(backtrace) - 出错地址的内存信息： - 内存的值、及对应影子内存的值 - 内存地址：内存值| [影子内存地址 | 影子内存字节内偏移]:影子内存值 - 影子内存值：0（可读可写）、3（已释放）、2（红区）、1（填充值）。 ### 用户态开发流程 在待检测的app编译脚本中，添加如下参数即可， 完整示例可参见/kernel/liteos_a/apps/lms/BUILD.gn。 ``` if ("$ohos_build_compiler_specified" == "gcc") { cflags_c = [ "-O0", "-fsanitize=kernel-address", "-funwind-tables", "-fasynchronous-unwind-tables", ] } else { cflags_c = [ "-O0", "-fsanitize=kernel-address", "-mllvm", "-asan-instrumentation-with-call-threshold=0", "-mllvm", "-asan-stack=0", "-mllvm", "-asan-globals=0", "-funwind-tables", "-fasynchronous-unwind-tables", ] } ldflags = [ "-rdynamic", "-lunwind", "-lusrlms", "-Wl,--wrap=realloc", "-Wl,--wrap=calloc", "-Wl,--wrap=malloc", "-Wl,--wrap=free", "-Wl,--wrap=valloc", "-Wl,--wrap=aligned_alloc", "-Wl,--wrap=memset", "-Wl,--wrap=memcpy", "-Wl,--wrap=memmove", "-Wl,--wrap=strcpy", "-Wl,--wrap=strcat", ] deps = [ "//kernel/liteos_a/kernel/extended/lms/usr:usrlmslib" ] ``` #### 用户态编程实例 本实例实现如下功能： 1. 构造内存溢出错误和释放后使用错误。 2. 添加对应编译选项后，重新编译执行 #### 用户态示例代码 实例代码如下： ``` static void BufWriteTest(void *buf, int start, int end) { for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) { ((char *)buf)[i] = 'a'; } } static void BufReadTest(void *buf, int start, int end) { char tmp; for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) { tmp = ((char *)buf)[i]; } } static void LmsMallocTest(void) { printf("\n-------- LmsMallocTest Start --------\n"); char *buf = (char *)malloc(16); BufReadTest(buf, -1, 16); free(buf); printf("\n-------- LmsMallocTest End --------\n"); } static void LmsFreeTest(void) { printf("\n-------- LmsFreeTest Start --------\n"); char *buf = (char *)malloc(16); free(buf); BufReadTest(buf, 1, 1); free(buf); printf("\n-------- LmsFreeTest End --------\n"); } int main(int argc, char * const * argv) { printf("\n############### Lms Test start ###############\n"); char *tmp = (char *)malloc(5000); LmsMallocTest(); LmsFreeTest(); printf("\n############### Lms Test End ###############\n"); } ``` #### 用户态结果验证 输出结果如下： ``` * Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected * Heap buffer overflow error detected! Illegal READ address at: [0x1f8b3edf] Shadow memory address: [0x3d34d3ed : 6] Shadow memory value: [2] Accessable heap addr 0 Heap red zone 2 Heap freed buffer 3 Dump info around address [0x1f8b3edf]: [0x1f8b3eb8]: 74 55 8b 1f 74 55 8b 1f | [0x3d34d3eb | 4]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ec0]: f8 9c 8b 1f 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ec | 0]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ec8]: 00 00 00 00 9c fc fc fc | [0x3d34d3ec | 4]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ed0]: 21 00 00 00 41 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ed | 0]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ed8]: 60 55 8b 1f 60 55 8b [1f]| [0x3d34d3ed | 4]: 2 [2] [0x1f8b3ee0]: 50 4e 0b 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ee | 0]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ee8]: 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ee | 4]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ef0]: 00 00 00 00 08 03 09 00 | [0x3d34d3ef | 0]: 2 2 [0x1f8b3ef8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ef | 4]: 2 2 * Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected End * Backtrace() returned 5 addresses #01: [0x4d6c] -> ./sample_usr_lms #02: <(null)+0x2004074>[0x4074] -> ./sample_usr_lms #03: <(null)+0x2003714>[0x3714] -> ./sample_usr_lms #04: [0x363c] -> ./sample_usr_lms #05: <(null)+0x1f856f30>[0x56f30] -> /lib/libc.so -------- LMS_malloc_test End -------- * Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected * Use after free error detected! Illegal Double free address at: [0x1f8b3ee0] Shadow memory address: [0x3d34d3ee : 0] Shadow memory value: [3] Accessable heap addr 0 Heap red zone 2 Heap freed buffer 3 Dump info around address [0x1f8b3ee0]: [0x1f8b3ec0]: f8 9c 8b 1f 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ec | 0]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ec8]: 00 00 00 00 fc fd fc fc | [0x3d34d3ec | 4]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ed0]: 21 00 00 00 20 01 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ed | 0]: 0 0 [0x1f8b3ed8]: 60 55 8b 1f 60 55 8b 1f | [0x3d34d3ed | 4]: 2 2 [0x1f8b3ee0]: [20] 60 9a 1f 40 61 9a 1f | [0x3d34d3ee | 0]: [3] 3 [0x1f8b3ee8]: 60 62 9a 1f 80 63 9a 1f | [0x3d34d3ee | 4]: 3 3 [0x1f8b3ef0]: 20 40 8b 1f 20 20 8b 1f | [0x3d34d3ef | 0]: 3 3 [0x1f8b3ef8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ef | 4]: 3 3 [0x1f8b3f00]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3f0 | 0]: 3 3 * Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected End * Backtrace() returned 5 addresses #01: [0x4d6c] -> ./sample_usr_lms #02: [0x5548] -> ./sample_usr_lms #03: <(null)+0x2003fc4>[0x3fc4] -> ./sample_usr_lms #04: [0x3664] -> ./sample_usr_lms #05: <(null)+0x1f856f30>[0x56f30] -> /lib/libc.so -------- LMS_free_test End -------- ``` 输出的Backtrace中包含地址所在的文件名，用户需查找对应文件中地址对应的代码行号。