提交 32c6d0c7 编写于 作者: L lifeng 提交者: Gitee

Merge branch 'master' of gitee.com:openharmony/docs into master

Signed-off-by: Nlifeng <lifeng54@huawei.com>

要显示的变更太多。

To preserve performance only 1000 of 1000+ files are displayed.
......@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-distributedMissionManager.md @chenm
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-document.md @panqinxu @zengyawen @bubble_mao @jinhaihw
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-effectKit.md @zhangqiang183 @ge-yafang @wind_zj @zxg-gitee
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-emitter.md @jayleehw @RayShih @li-weifeng2 @currydavids
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility.md @Buda-Liu @ningningW @budda-wang @yangqing3
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility.md @liuzuming @ningningW @yangqing3
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-environment.md @panqinxu @zengyawen @bubble_mao @jinhaihw
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-errorManager.md @littlejerry1 @RayShih @gwang2008 @chengxingzhen
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-eventhub.md @jayleehw @RayShih @li-weifeng2 @currydavids
......@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-lightweightmap.md @gongjunsong @ge-
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-lightweightset.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-linkedlist.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-list.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-logs.md @huaweimaxuchu @ningningW @niulihua @tomatodevboy
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-logs.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-media.md @liuyuehua1 @zengyawen @xxb-wzy @currydavids
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-medialibrary.md @panqinxu @zengyawen @bubble_mao @jinhaihw
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-mediaquery.md @huaweimaxuchu @HelloCrease @niulihua @tomatodevboy
......@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-notification.md @jayleehw @RayShih
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-observer.md @zhang-hai-feng @zengyawen @jyh926 @gaoxi785
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-osAccount.md @nianCode @zengyawen @JiDong-CS @murphy1984
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-particleAbility.md @littlejerry1 @RayShih @gwang2008 @chengxingzhen
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-pasteboard.md @feng-aiwen @ge-yafang @gong-a-shi @logic42
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-pasteboard.md @han-zhengshi @ge-yafang @logic42
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-permissionrequestresult.md @littlejerry1 @RayShih @gwang2008 @chengxingzhen
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-plainarray.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-pointer.md @yuanxinying @ningningW @cococoler @alien0208
......@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-resource-manager.md @Buda-Liu @ning
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-router.md @huaweimaxuchu @HelloCrease @niulihua @tomatodevboy
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-rpc.md @xuepianpian @RayShih @zhaopeng_gitee @vagrant_world
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-runninglock.md @aqxyjay @zengyawen @aqxyjay @alien0208
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-screen-lock.md @feng-aiwen @ningningW @wangzhangjun @murphy1984
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-screen.md @zhangqiang183 @ge-yafang @zhouyaoying @zxg-gitee
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-screenshot.md @zhangqiang183 @ge-yafang @zhouyaoying @zxg-gitee
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-securityLabel.md @panqinxu @zengyawen @bubble_mao @jinhaihw
......@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-system-vibrate.md @hellohyh001 @nin
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-telephony-data.md @zhang-hai-feng @zengyawen @jyh926 @gaoxi785
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-testRunner.md @inter515 @littlejerry1 @RayShih @inter515 @jiyong
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-thermal.md @aqxyjay @zengyawen @aqxyjay @alien0208
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-timer.md @huaweimaxuchu @HelloCrease @niulihua @tomatodevboy
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-timer.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-touchevent.md @mayunteng_1 @ningningW @cococoler @alien0208
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-treemap.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-treeset.md @gongjunsong @ge-yafang @flyingwolf @BlackStone
......@@ -531,6 +531,7 @@ zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-distributedBundle.md @shuaytao @Ray
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-distributedKVStore.md @feng-aiwen @ge-yafang @gong-a-shi @logic42
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-enterprise-accountManager.md @liuzuming @ningningW @yangqing3
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-enterprise-adminManager.md @liuzuming @ningningW @yangqing3
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-enterprise-bundleManager.md @liuzuming @ningningW @yangqing3
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-enterprise-dateTimeManager.md @liuzuming @ningningW @yangqing3
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-enterprise-deviceControl.md @liuzuming @ningningW @yangqing3
zh-cn/application-dev/reference/apis/js-apis-enterprise-deviceInfo.md @liuzuming @ningningW @yangqing3
......
......@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This repository stores device and application development documents provided by
- master: the latest version.
- OpenHarmony 3.2 Beta5. [Learn more](en/release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.2-beta5.md)
- OpenHarmony 3.2 Release. [Learn more](en/release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.2-release.md)
- OpenHarmony 3.1 Release. [Learn more](en/release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.1-release.md)
......
......@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
- master:最新开发版本。
- OpenHarmony 3.2 Beta5版本:点击[此处](zh-cn/release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.2-beta5.md)了解版本详情。
- OpenHarmony 3.2 Release版本:点击[此处](zh-cn/release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.2-release.md)了解版本详情。
- OpenHarmony 3.1 Release版本:点击[此处](zh-cn/release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.1-release.md)了解版本详情。
......
......@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ For details about how to obtain the source code of OpenHarmony, see [Source Code
## How to Participate
For details about how to join in the OpenHarmony community, see [OpenHarmony Community](https://gitee.com/openharmony/community/blob/master/README-EN.md)
For details about how to join in the OpenHarmony community, see [OpenHarmony Community](https://gitee.com/openharmony/community/blob/master/README_EN.md)
For details about how to contribute, see [How to contribute](contribute/how-to-contribute.md).
......
......@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
## IDL Overview
To ensure successful communications between the client and server, interfaces recognized by both parties must be defined. The OpenHarmony Interface Definition Language (IDL) is a tool for defining such interfaces. OpenHarmony IDL decomposes objects to be transferred into primitives that can be understood by the operating system and encapsulates cross-boundary objects based on developers' requirements.
**Figure 1** IDL interface description
**Figure 1** IDL interface description
![IDL-interface-description](./figures/IDL-interface-description.png)
......@@ -156,11 +156,13 @@ On DevEco Studio, choose **Tools > SDK Manager** to view the local installation
Go to the local installation path, choose **toolchains > 3.x.x.x** (the folder named after the version number), and check whether the executable file of IDL exists.
> **NOTE**: Use the SDK of the latest version. The use of an earlier version may cause errors in some statements.
> **NOTE**
>
> Use the SDK of the latest version. The use of an earlier version may cause errors in some statements.
If the executable file does not exist, download the SDK package from the mirror as instructed in the [Release Notes](../../release-notes). The following uses the [3.2 Beta3](../../release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.2-beta3.md#acquiring-source-code-from-mirrors) as an example.
If the executable file does not exist, download the SDK package from the mirror as instructed in the [Release Notes](../../release-notes). The following uses [3.2 Beta3](../../release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.2-beta3.md) as an example.
For details about how to replace the SDK package, see [Guide to Switching to Full SDK](../quick-start/full-sdk-switch-guide.md).
For details about how to replace the SDK package, see [Full SDK Compilation Guide](../quick-start/full-sdk-compile-guide.md).
After obtaining the executable file, perform subsequent development steps based on your scenario.
......@@ -176,6 +178,8 @@ You can use TS to create IDL files.
interface OHOS.IIdlTestService {
int TestIntTransaction([in] int data);
void TestStringTransaction([in] String data);
void TestMapTransaction([in] Map<int, int> data);
int TestArrayTransaction([in] String[] data);
}
```
......@@ -183,7 +187,9 @@ Run the **idl -gen-ts -d *dir* -c dir/IIdlTestService.idl** command in the folde
-*dir* next to **d** is the target output folder. For example, if the target output folder is **IIdlTestServiceTs**, run the **idl -gen-ts -d IIdlTestServiceTs -c IIdlTestServiceTs/IIdlTestService.idl** command in the folder where the executable file is located. The interface file, stub file, and proxy file are generated in the *dir* directory (**IIdlTestServiceTs** directory in this example) in the execution environment.
> **NOTE**: The generated interface class file name must be the same as that of the .idl file. Otherwise, an error occurs during code generation.
> **NOTE**
>
> The generated interface class file name must be the same as that of the .idl file. Otherwise, an error occurs during code generation.
For example, for an .idl file named **IIdlTestService.idl** and target output directory named **IIdlTestServiceTs**, the directory structure is similar to the following:
......@@ -203,6 +209,8 @@ The stub class generated by IDL is an abstract implementation of the interface c
```ts
import {testIntTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service";
import {testStringTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service";
import {testMapTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service";
import {testArrayTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service";
import IIdlTestService from "./i_idl_test_service";
import rpc from "@ohos.rpc";
......@@ -211,8 +219,8 @@ export default class IdlTestServiceStub extends rpc.RemoteObject implements IIdl
super(des);
}
async onRemoteRequestEx(code: number, data, reply, option): Promise<boolean> {
console.log("onRemoteRequestEx called, code = " + code);
async onRemoteMessageRequest(code: number, data, reply, option): Promise<boolean> {
console.log("onRemoteMessageRequest called, code = " + code);
switch(code) {
case IdlTestServiceStub.COMMAND_TEST_INT_TRANSACTION: {
let _data = data.readInt();
......@@ -231,6 +239,29 @@ export default class IdlTestServiceStub extends rpc.RemoteObject implements IIdl
});
return true;
}
case IdlTestServiceStub.COMMAND_TEST_MAP_TRANSACTION: {
let _data = new Map();
let _dataSize = data.readInt();
for (let i = 0; i < _dataSize; ++i) {
let key = data.readInt();
let value = data.readInt();
_data.set(key, value);
}
this.testMapTransaction(_data, (errCode) => {
reply.writeInt(errCode);
});
return true;
}
case IdlTestServiceStub.COMMAND_TEST_ARRAY_TRANSACTION: {
let _data = data.readStringArray();
this.testArrayTransaction(_data, (errCode, returnValue) => {
reply.writeInt(errCode);
if (errCode == 0) {
reply.writeInt(returnValue);
}
});
return true;
}
default: {
console.log("invalid request code" + code);
break;
......@@ -241,17 +272,23 @@ export default class IdlTestServiceStub extends rpc.RemoteObject implements IIdl
testIntTransaction(data: number, callback: testIntTransactionCallback): void{}
testStringTransaction(data: string, callback: testStringTransactionCallback): void{}
testMapTransaction(data: Map<number, number>, callback: testMapTransactionCallback): void{}
testArrayTransaction(data: string[], callback: testArrayTransactionCallback): void{}
static readonly COMMAND_TEST_INT_TRANSACTION = 1;
static readonly COMMAND_TEST_STRING_TRANSACTION = 2;
static readonly COMMAND_TEST_MAP_TRANSACTION = 3;
static readonly COMMAND_TEST_ARRAY_TRANSACTION = 4;
}
```
You need to inherit the interface class defined in the IDL file and implement the methods in the class. The following code snippet shows how to inherit the **IdlTestServiceStub** interface class and implement the **testIntTransaction** and **testStringTransaction** methods.
You need to inherit the interface class defined in the IDL file and implement the methods in the class. The following code snippet shows how to inherit the **IdlTestServiceStub** interface class and implement the **testIntTransaction**, **testStringTransaction**, **testMapTransaction**, and **testArrayTransaction** methods.
```ts
import {testIntTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service"
import {testStringTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service"
import {testMapTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service";
import {testArrayTransactionCallback} from "./i_idl_test_service";
import IdlTestServiceStub from "./idl_test_service_stub"
......@@ -265,6 +302,14 @@ class IdlTestImp extends IdlTestServiceStub {
{
callback(0);
}
testMapTransaction(data: Map<number, number>, callback: testMapTransactionCallback): void
{
callback(0);
}
testArrayTransaction(data: string[], callback: testArrayTransactionCallback): void
{
callback(0, 1);
}
}
```
......@@ -320,11 +365,28 @@ function callbackTestStringTransaction(result: number): void {
}
}
function callbackTestMapTransaction(result: number): void {
if (result == 0) {
console.log('case 3 success');
}
}
function callbackTestArrayTransaction(result: number, ret: number): void {
if (result == 0 && ret == 124) {
console.log('case 4 success');
}
}
var onAbilityConnectDone = {
onConnect:function (elementName, proxy) {
let testProxy = new IdlTestServiceProxy(proxy);
let testMap = new Map();
testMap.set(1, 1);
testMap.set(1, 2);
testProxy.testIntTransaction(123, callbackTestIntTransaction);
testProxy.testStringTransaction('hello', callbackTestStringTransaction);
testProxy.testMapTransaction(testMap, callbackTestMapTransaction);
testProxy.testArrayTransaction(['1','2'], callbackTestMapTransaction);
},
onDisconnect:function (elementName) {
console.log('onDisconnectService onDisconnect');
......
......@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@
- [Multi-HAP Usage Rules](quick-start/multi-hap-rules.md)
- [Multi-HAP Operation Mechanism and Data Communication Modes](quick-start/multi-hap-principles.md)
- [Application Installation and Uninstallation Process](quick-start/application-package-install-uninstall.md)
- Shared Package
- [Shared Package Overview](quick-start/shared-guide.md)
- [HAR](quick-start/har-package.md)
- HSP
- [In-Application HSP Development](quick-start/in-app-hsp.md)
- [Inter-Application HSP Development (for System Applications Only)](quick-start/cross-app-hsp.md)
- Application Configuration Files in Stage Model
- [Application Configuration File Overview (Stage Model)](quick-start/application-configuration-file-overview-stage.md)
- [app.json5 Configuration File](quick-start/app-configuration-file.md)
......@@ -36,18 +42,44 @@
- [Resource Categories and Access](quick-start/resource-categories-and-access.md)
- Learning ArkTS
- [Getting Started with ArkTS](quick-start/arkts-get-started.md)
- ArkTS Syntax (Declarative UI)
- [Basic UI Description](quick-start/arkts-basic-ui-description.md)
- Basic Syntax
- [Basic Syntax Overview](quick-start/arkts-basic-syntax-overview.md)
- [Declarative UI Description](quick-start/arkts-declarative-ui-description.md)
- Custom Component
- [Creating a Custom Component](quick-start/arkts-create-custom-components.md)
- [Page and Custom Component Lifecycle](quick-start/arkts-page-custom-components-lifecycle.md)
- [\@Builder: Custom Builder Function](quick-start/arkts-builder.md)
- [\@BuilderParam: @Builder Function Reference](quick-start/arkts-builderparam.md)
- [\@Styles: Definition of Resusable Styles](quick-start/arkts-style.md)
- [\@Extend: Extension of Built-in Components](quick-start/arkts-extend.md)
- [stateStyles: Polymorphic Style](quick-start/arkts-statestyles.md)
- State Management
- [Basic Concepts](quick-start/arkts-state-mgmt-concepts.md)
- [State Management with Page-level Variables](quick-start/arkts-state-mgmt-page-level.md)
- [State Management with Application-level Variables](quick-start/arkts-state-mgmt-application-level.md)
- [Dynamic UI Element Building](quick-start/arkts-dynamic-ui-elememt-building.md)
- [Rendering Control](quick-start/arkts-rendering-control.md)
- [Restrictions and Extensions](quick-start/arkts-restrictions-and-extensions.md)
- [State Management Overview](quick-start/arkts-state-management-overview.md)
- Component State Management
- [\@State: State Owned by Component](quick-start/arkts-state.md)
- [\@Prop: One-Way Synchronization from Parent to Child Components](quick-start/arkts-prop.md)
- [\@Link: Two-Way Synchronization Between Parent and Child Components](quick-start/arkts-link.md)
- [\@Provide and \@Consume: Two-Way Synchronization with Descendant Components](quick-start/arkts-provide-and-consume.md)
- [\@Observed and \@ObjectLink: Observing Attribute Changes in Nested Class Objects](quick-start/arkts-observed-and-objectlink.md)
- Application State Management
- [Application State Management Overview](quick-start/arkts-application-state-management-overview.md)
- [LocalStorage: UI State Storage](quick-start/arkts-localstorage.md)
- [AppStorage: Application-wide UI State Storage](quick-start/arkts-appstorage.md)
- [PersistentStorage: Application State Persistence](quick-start/arkts-persiststorage.md)
- [Environment: Device Environment Query](quick-start/arkts-environment.md)
- Other State Management Features
- [Overview of Other State Management Features](quick-start/arkts-other-state-mgmt-functions-overview.md)
- [\@Watch: Getting Notified of State Variable Changes](quick-start/arkts-watch.md)
- [$$ Syntax: Two-Way Synchronization of Built-in Components](quick-start/arkts-two-way-sync.md)
- Rendering Control
- [Rendering Control Overview](quick-start/arkts-rendering-control-overview.md)
- [if/else: Conditional Rendering](quick-start/arkts-rendering-control-ifelse.md)
- [ForEach: Rendering of Repeated Content](quick-start/arkts-rendering-control-foreach.md)
- [LazyForEach: Lazy Data Loading](quick-start/arkts-rendering-control-lazyforeach.md)
- Development
- [Application Models](application-models/Readme-EN.md)
- [UI Development](ui/Readme-EN.md)
- [Web](web/Readme-EN.md)
- [Notification](notification/Readme-EN.md)
- [Window Manager](windowmanager/Readme-EN.md)
- [WebGL](webgl/Readme-EN.md)
......@@ -81,8 +113,10 @@
- [ArkTS and JS APIs](reference/apis/Readme-EN.md)
- [Error Codes](reference/errorcodes/Readme-EN.md)
- Native APIs
- [Native APIs](reference/native-apis/Readme-EN.md)
- [Standard Libraries](reference/native-lib/third_party_libc/musl.md)
- [Node_API](reference/native-lib/third_party_napi/napi.md)
- [FAQs](faqs/Readme-EN.md)
- Contribution
- [How to Contribute](../contribute/documentation-contribution.md)
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ For details about how to use DevEco Studio to start the test framework, see [Ope
**Example**
```javascript
import AbilityDelegatorRegistry from '@ohos.app.ability.abilityDelegatorRegistry';
import AbilityDelegatorRegistry from '@ohos.application.abilityDelegatorRegistry'
function onAbilityCreateCallback(data) {
console.info("onAbilityCreateCallback");
......@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ abilityDelegator.addAbilityMonitor(monitor).then(() => {
**Modules to Import**
```javascript
import AbilityDelegatorRegistry from '@ohos.app.ability.abilityDelegatorRegistry';
import AbilityDelegatorRegistry from '@ohos.application.abilityDelegatorRegistry'
```
```javascript
var abilityDelegator = AbilityDelegatorRegistry.getAbilityDelegator();
var abilityDelegator = AbilityDelegatorRegistry.getAbilityDelegator()
```
### Starting an Ability and Listening for the Ability State
......
......@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Carry out the following operations to develop the widget provider based on the [
1. Implement lifecycle callbacks by using the **LifecycleForm** APIs.
2. Create a **FormBindingData** instance.
3. Update a widget by using the **FormProvider** APIs.
4. Develop the widget UI pages.
4. Develop the widget UI page.
## Available APIs
......@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ You should override **onDestroy** to implement widget data deletion.
}
```
For details about how to implement persistent data storage, see [Lightweight Data Store Development](../database/database-preference-guidelines.md).
For details about how to implement persistent data storage, see [Data Persistence by User Preferences](../database/data-persistence-by-preferences.md).
The **Want** object passed in by the widget host to the widget provider contains a flag that specifies whether the requested widget is normal or temporary.
......@@ -402,3 +402,5 @@ The code snippet is as follows:
}
}
```
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Ability continuation is to continue the current mission of an application, inclu
## Available APIs
The following table lists the APIs used for ability continuation. For details about the APIs, see [Ability](../reference/apis/js-apis-application-ability.md).
The following table lists the APIs used for ability continuation. For details about the APIs, see [UIAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md).
**Table 1** Ability continuation APIs
......@@ -48,12 +48,9 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
}
```
- Configure the application startup type.
If **launchType** is set to **standard** in the **module.json5** file, the application is of the multi-instance launch type. During ability continuation, regardless of whether the application is already open, the target starts the application and restores the UI page. If **launchType** is set to **singleton**, the application is of the singleton launch type. If the application is already open, the target clears the existing page stack and restores the UI page. For more information, see "Launch Type" in [Ability Development](./stage-ability.md).
If **launchType** is set to **multiton** in the **module.json5** file, the application is of the multi-instance launch type. During ability continuation, regardless of whether the application is already open, the target starts the application and restores the UI page. If **launchType** is set to **singleton**, the application is of the singleton launch type. If the application is already open, the target clears the existing page stack and restores the UI page. For more information, see "Launch Type" in [Ability Development](./stage-ability.md).
Configure a multi-instance application as follows:
......@@ -62,7 +59,7 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
"module": {
"abilities": [
{
"launchType": "standard"
"launchType": "multiton"
}
]
}
......@@ -83,8 +80,6 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
}
```
- Apply for the distributed permissions.
Declare the **DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC** permission in the **module.json5** file for the application.
......@@ -96,8 +91,6 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
},
```
This permission must be granted by the user in a dialog box when the application is started for the first time. To enable the application to display a dialog box to ask for the permission, add the following code to **onWindowStageCreate** of the **Ability** class:
```javascript
......@@ -139,7 +132,6 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
2. Implement the **onContinue()** API.
The **onContinue()** API is called by the initiator to save the UI component state variables and memory data and prepare for continuation. After the application completes the continuation preparation, the system must return either **OnContinueResult.AGREE(0)** to accept the continuation request or an error code to reject the request. If this API is not implemented, the system rejects the continuation request by default.
......@@ -155,7 +147,7 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
You can obtain the target device ID (identified by the key **targetDevice**) and the version number (identified by the key **version**) of the application installed on the target device from the **wantParam** parameter of this API. The version number can be used for compatibility check. If the current application version is incompatible with that on the target device, **OnContinueResult.MISMATCH** can be returned to reject the continuation request.
Example
Example:
```javascript
onContinue(wantParam : {[key: string]: any}) {
......@@ -168,8 +160,6 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
}
```
3. Implement the continuation logic in the **onCreate()** or **onNewWant()** API.
The **onCreate()** API is called by the target. When the ability is started on the target device, this API is called to instruct the application to synchronize the memory data and UI component state, and triggers page restoration after the synchronization is complete. If the continuation logic is not implemented, the ability will be started in common startup mode and the page cannot be restored.
......@@ -178,11 +168,9 @@ The code snippets provided below are all from [Sample](https://gitee.com/openhar
After data restore is complete, call **restoreWindowStage** to trigger page restoration.
You can also use **want.parameters.version** in the **want** parameter to obtain the application version number of the initiator.
Example
Example:
```javascript
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
......@@ -211,7 +199,7 @@ For a singleton ability, use **onNewWant()** to achieve the same implementation.
Use distributed objects.
Distributed objects allow cross-device data synchronization like local variables. For two devices that form a Super Device, when data in the distributed data object of an application is added, deleted, or modified on a device, the data for the same application is also updated on the other device. Both devices can listen for the data changes and online and offline states of the other. For details, see [Distributed Data Object Development](../database/database-distributedobject-guidelines.md).
Distributed objects allow cross-device data synchronization like local variables. For two devices that form a Super Device, when data in the distributed data object of an application is added, deleted, or modified on a device, the data for the same application is also updated on the other device. Both devices can listen for the data changes and online and offline states of the other. For details, see [Sharing Distributed Data Objects](../database/data-sync-of-distributed-data-object.md).
In the ability continuation scenario, the distributed data object is used to synchronize the memory data from the local device to the target device.
......@@ -249,8 +237,6 @@ In the ability continuation scenario, the distributed data object is used to syn
});
```
- The target device obtains the session ID from **onCreate()**, creates a distributed object, and associates the distributed object with the session ID. In this way, the distributed object can be synchronized. Before calling **restoreWindowStage**, ensure that all distributed objects required for continuation have been associated.
```javascript
......@@ -283,8 +269,6 @@ In the ability continuation scenario, the distributed data object is used to syn
}
```
### More Information
1. Timeout
......@@ -294,15 +278,13 @@ In the ability continuation scenario, the distributed data object is used to syn
2. By default, the system supports page stack information migration, which means that the page stack of the initiator will be automatically migrated to the target device. No adaptation is required.
### Restrictions
1. The continuation must be performed between the same ability, which means the same bundle name, module name, and ability name. For details, see [Application Package Structure Configuration File](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md).
2. Currently, the application can only implement the continuation capability. The continuation action must be initiated by the system.
### Best Practice
For better user experience, you are advised to use the **wantParam** parameter to transmit data smaller than 100 KB and use distributed objects to transmit data larger than 100 KB.
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ An ability can be launched in the **standard**, **singleton**, or **specified**
| Launch Type | Description |Action |
| ----------- | ------- |---------------- |
| standard | Standard mode | A new instance is started each time an ability starts.|
| singleton | Singleton mode | The ability has only one instance in the system. If an instance already exists when an ability is started, that instance is reused.|
| multiton | Multi-instance mode| A new instance is started each time an ability starts.|
| singleton | Singleton mode | Default type. The ability has only one instance in the system. If an instance already exists when an ability is started, that instance is reused.|
| specified | Instance-specific| The internal service of an ability determines whether to create multiple instances during running.|
By default, the singleton mode is used. The following is an example of the **module.json5** file:
......@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ The table below describes the APIs provided by the **AbilityStage** class, which
|onAcceptWant(want: Want): string|Called when a specified ability is started.|
|onConfigurationUpdated(config: Configuration): void|Called when the global configuration is updated.|
The table below describes the APIs provided by the **Ability** class. For details about the APIs, see [Ability](../reference/apis/js-apis-application-ability.md).
The table below describes the APIs provided by the **Ability** class. For details about the APIs, see [UIAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md).
**Table 2** Ability APIs
......@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
```
## Starting an Ability
### Available APIs
The **Ability** class has the **context** attribute, which belongs to the **AbilityContext** class. The **AbilityContext** class has the **abilityInfo**, **currentHapModuleInfo**, and other attributes as well as the APIs used for starting abilities. For details, see [AbilityContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-ability-context.md).
The **Ability** class has the **context** attribute, which belongs to the **AbilityContext** class. The **AbilityContext** class has the **abilityInfo**, **currentHapModuleInfo**, and other attributes as well as the APIs used for starting abilities. For details, see [AbilityContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md).
**Table 3** AbilityContext APIs
|API|Description|
......@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ The **Ability** class has the **context** attribute, which belongs to the **Abil
An application can obtain the context of an **Ability** instance through **this.context** and then use the **startAbility** API in the **AbilityContext** class to start the ability. The ability can be started by specifying **Want**, **StartOptions**, and **accountId**, and the operation result can be returned using a callback or **Promise** instance. The sample code is as follows:
```ts
let context = this.context
var want = {
let want = {
"deviceId": "",
"bundleName": "com.example.MyApplication",
"abilityName": "EntryAbility"
......@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ context.startAbility(want).then(() => {
In the cross-device scenario, you must specify the ID of the remote device. The sample code is as follows:
```ts
let context = this.context
var want = {
let want = {
"deviceId": getRemoteDeviceId(),
"bundleName": "com.example.MyApplication",
"abilityName": "EntryAbility"
......@@ -239,9 +239,9 @@ Obtain the ID of a specified device from **DeviceManager**. The sample code is a
```ts
import deviceManager from '@ohos.distributedHardware.deviceManager';
function getRemoteDeviceId() {
if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass != null) {
var list = dmClass.getTrustedDeviceListSync();
if (typeof (list) == 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) == 'undefined') {
if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
let list = dmClass.getTrustedDeviceListSync();
if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
console.log("EntryAbility onButtonClick getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null");
return;
}
......
......@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ The ability call process is as follows:
> Currently, only system applications can use the ability call.
## Available APIs
The table below describes the ability call APIs. For details, see [Ability](../reference/apis/js-apis-application-ability.md#caller).
The table below describes the ability call APIs. For details, see [UIAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#caller).
**Table 2** Ability call APIs
|API|Description|
|:------|:------|
|startAbilityByCall(want: Want): Promise\<Caller>|Starts an ability in the foreground (through the **want** configuration) or background (default) and obtains the **Caller** object for communication with the ability. For details, see [AbilityContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-ability-context.md#abilitycontextstartabilitybycall) or **ServiceExtensionContext**.|
|startAbilityByCall(want: Want): Promise\<Caller>|Starts an ability in the foreground (through the **want** configuration) or background (default) and obtains the **Caller** object for communication with the ability. For details, see [AbilityContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartabilitybycall) or **ServiceExtensionContext**.|
|on(method: string, callback: CalleeCallBack): void|Callback invoked when the callee ability registers a method.|
|off(method: string): void|Callback invoked when the callee ability deregisters a method.|
|call(method: string, data: rpc.Sequenceable): Promise\<void>|Sends agreed sequenceable data to the callee ability.|
......@@ -47,40 +47,45 @@ The table below describes the ability call APIs. For details, see [Ability](../r
## How to Develop
The procedure for developing the ability call is as follows:
1. Create a callee ability.
2. Access the callee ability.
### Creating a Callee Ability
For the callee ability, implement the callback to receive data and the methods to marshal and unmarshal data. When data needs to be received, use **on()** to register a listener. When data does not need to be received, use **off()** to deregister the listener.
**1. Configure the ability launch type.**
1. **Configure the ability launch type.**
Set **launchType** of the callee ability to **singleton** in the **module.json5** file.
|JSON Field|Description|
|:------|:------|
|"launchType"|Ability launch type. Set this parameter to **singleton**.|
|JSON Field|Description|
|:------|:------|
|"launchType"|Ability launch type. Set this parameter to **singleton**.|
An example of the ability configuration is as follows:
```json
"abilities":[{
An example of the ability configuration is as follows:
```json
"abilities":[{
"name": ".CalleeAbility",
"srcEntrance": "./ets/CalleeAbility/CalleeAbility.ts",
"srcEntry": "./ets/CalleeAbility/CalleeAbility.ts",
"launchType": "singleton",
"description": "$string:CalleeAbility_desc",
"icon": "$media:icon",
"label": "$string:CalleeAbility_label",
"visible": true
}]
```
**2. Import the Ability module.**
```ts
import Ability from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility'
```
**3. Define the agreed sequenceable data.**
"exported": true
}]
```
2. **Import the UIAbility module.**
```ts
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
```
3. **Define the agreed sequenceable data.**
The data formats sent and received by the caller and callee abilities must be consistent. In the following example, the data formats are number and string. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
export default class MySequenceable {
```ts
export default class MySequenceable {
num: number = 0
str: string = ""
......@@ -100,16 +105,18 @@ export default class MySequenceable {
this.str = messageParcel.readString()
return true
}
}
```
**4. Implement Callee.on and Callee.off.**
}
```
4. **Implement Callee.on and Callee.off.**
The time to register a listener for the callee ability depends on your application. The data sent and received before the listener is registered and that after the listener is deregistered are not processed. In the following example, the **MSG_SEND_METHOD** listener is registered in **onCreate** of the ability and deregistered in **onDestroy**. After receiving sequenceable data, the application processes the data and returns the data result. You need to implement processing based on service requirements. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
const TAG: string = '[CalleeAbility]'
const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg'
function sendMsgCallback(data) {
```ts
const TAG: string = '[CalleeAbility]'
const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg'
function sendMsgCallback(data) {
console.log('CalleeSortFunc called')
// Obtain the sequenceable data sent by the caller ability.
......@@ -120,9 +127,9 @@ function sendMsgCallback(data) {
// Process the data.
// Return the sequenceable data result to the caller ability.
return new MySequenceable(receivedData.num + 1, `send ${receivedData.str} succeed`)
}
}
export default class CalleeAbility extends Ability {
export default class CalleeAbility extends Ability {
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
try {
this.callee.on(MSG_SEND_METHOD, sendMsgCallback)
......@@ -138,20 +145,23 @@ export default class CalleeAbility extends Ability {
console.error(TAG, `${MSG_SEND_METHOD} unregister failed with error ${JSON.stringify(error)}`)
}
}
}
```
}
```
### Accessing the Callee Ability
**1. Import the Ability module.**
```ts
import Ability from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility'
```
**2. Obtain the Caller object.**
1. **Import the Ability module.**
```ts
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
```
2. **Obtain the Caller object.**
The **context** attribute of the ability implements **startAbilityByCall** to obtain the **Caller** object for communication. The following example uses **this.context** to obtain the **context** attribute of the ability, uses **startAbilityByCall** to start the callee ability, obtain the **Caller** object, and register the **onRelease** listener of the caller ability. You need to implement processing based on service requirements. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
// Register the onRelease listener of the caller ability.
private regOnRelease(caller) {
```ts
// Register the onRelease listener of the caller ability.
private regOnRelease(caller) {
try {
caller.on("release", (msg) => {
console.log(`caller onRelease is called ${msg}`)
......@@ -160,9 +170,9 @@ private regOnRelease(caller) {
} catch (error) {
console.log(`caller register OnRelease failed with ${error}`)
}
}
}
async onButtonGetCaller() {
async onButtonGetCaller() {
try {
this.caller = await context.startAbilityByCall({
bundleName: 'com.samples.CallApplication',
......@@ -177,11 +187,13 @@ async onButtonGetCaller() {
} catch (error) {
console.log(`get caller failed with ${error}`)
}
}
```
}
```
In the cross-device scenario, you need to specify the ID of the peer device. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
async onButtonGetRemoteCaller() {
```ts
async onButtonGetRemoteCaller() {
var caller = undefined
var context = this.context
......@@ -202,13 +214,15 @@ async onButtonGetRemoteCaller() {
}).catch((error) => {
console.error(`get remote caller failed with ${error}`)
})
}
```
}
```
Obtain the ID of the peer device from **DeviceManager**. Note that the **getTrustedDeviceListSync** API is open only to system applications. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
import deviceManager from '@ohos.distributedHardware.deviceManager';
var dmClass;
function getRemoteDeviceId() {
```ts
import deviceManager from '@ohos.distributedHardware.deviceManager';
var dmClass;
function getRemoteDeviceId() {
if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass != null) {
var list = dmClass.getTrustedDeviceListSync()
if (typeof (list) == 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) == 'undefined') {
......@@ -220,13 +234,15 @@ function getRemoteDeviceId() {
} else {
console.log("EntryAbility onButtonClick getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null")
}
}
```
}
```
In the cross-device scenario, your application must also apply for the data synchronization permission from end users. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
import abilityAccessCtrl from '@ohos.abilityAccessCtrl.d.ts';
requestPermission() {
```ts
import abilityAccessCtrl from '@ohos.abilityAccessCtrl.d.ts';
requestPermission() {
let context = this.context
let permissions: Array<string> = ['ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC']
let atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager();
......@@ -235,29 +251,32 @@ requestPermission() {
}).catch((error) => {
console.log("Failed to request permission from user with error: "+ JSON.stringify(error))
})
}
```
**3. Send agreed sequenceable data.**
}
```
3. **Send agreed sequenceable data.**
The sequenceable data can be sent to the callee ability with or without a return value. The method and sequenceable data must be consistent with those of the callee ability. The following example describes how to send data to the callee ability. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg'
async onButtonCall() {
```ts
const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg'
async onButtonCall() {
try {
let msg = new MySequenceable(1, 'origin_Msg')
await this.caller.call(MSG_SEND_METHOD, msg)
} catch (error) {
console.log(`caller call failed with ${error}`)
}
}
```
}
```
In the following, **CallWithResult** is used to send data **originMsg** to the callee ability and assign the data processed by the **CallSendMsg** method to **backMsg**. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg'
originMsg: string = ''
backMsg: string = ''
async onButtonCallWithResult(originMsg, backMsg) {
```ts
const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg'
originMsg: string = ''
backMsg: string = ''
async onButtonCallWithResult(originMsg, backMsg) {
try {
let msg = new MySequenceable(1, originMsg)
const data = await this.caller.callWithResult(MSG_SEND_METHOD, msg)
......@@ -270,13 +289,15 @@ async onButtonCallWithResult(originMsg, backMsg) {
} catch (error) {
console.log(`caller callWithResult failed with ${error}`)
}
}
```
**4. Release the Caller object.**
}
```
4. **Release the Caller object.**
When the **Caller** object is no longer required, use **release()** to release it. The code snippet is as follows:
```ts
releaseCall() {
```ts
releaseCall() {
try {
this.caller.release()
this.caller = undefined
......@@ -284,5 +305,5 @@ releaseCall() {
} catch (error) {
console.log(`caller release failed with ${error}`)
}
}
```
}
```
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ To create a widget in the stage model, you need to implement lifecycle callbacks
| Name | Description | Data Type | Default Value Allowed |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | -------------------- |
| name | Name of the Extension ability. This field must be specified. | String | No |
| srcEntrance | Path of the Extension ability lifecycle code. This field must be specified.| String | No |
| srcEntry | Path of the Extension ability lifecycle code. This field must be specified.| String | No |
| description | Description of the Extension ability. The value can be a string or a resource index to descriptions in multiple languages.| String | Yes (initial value: left empty)|
| icon | Index of the Extension ability icon file. | String | Yes (initial value: left empty)|
| label | Descriptive information about the Extension ability presented externally. The value can be a string or a resource index to the description.| String | Yes (initial value: left empty)|
......@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ To create a widget in the stage model, you need to implement lifecycle callbacks
```json
"extensionAbilities": [{
"name": "FormAbility",
"srcEntrance": "./ets/FormAbility/FormAbility.ts",
"srcEntry": "./ets/FormAbility/FormAbility.ts",
"label": "$string:form_FormAbility_label",
"description": "$string:form_FormAbility_desc",
"type": "form",
......@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ You should override **onDestroy** to implement widget data deletion.
}
```
For details about how to implement persistent data storage, see [Lightweight Data Store Development](../database/database-preference-guidelines.md).
For details about how to implement persistent data storage, see [Application Data Persistence Overview](../database/app-data-persistence-overview.md).
The **Want** object passed in by the widget host to the widget provider contains a flag that specifies whether the requested widget is normal or temporary.
......@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ You can set router and message events for components on a widget. The router eve
1. Set the **onclick** field in the HML file to **routerEvent** or **messageEvent**, depending on the **actions** settings in the JSON file.
2. Set the router event.
- **action**: **"router"**, which indicates a router event.
- **abilityName**: target ability name, for example, **EntryAbility**, which is the default UIAbility name in DevEco Studio for the stage model.
- **abilityName**: target ability name, for example, **EntryAbility**, which is the default main ability name in DevEco Studio for the stage model.
- **params**: custom parameters of the target ability. Set them as required. The value can be obtained from **parameters** in **want** used for starting the target ability. For example, in the lifecycle function **onCreate** of the EntryAbility in the stage model, you can obtain **want** and its **parameters** field.
3. Set the message event.
- **action**: **"message"**, which indicates a message event.
......@@ -413,3 +413,5 @@ The code snippet is as follows:
}
}
```
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ OpenHarmony does not support creation of a Service Extension ability for third-p
"icon": "$media:icon",
"description": "service",
"type": "service",
"visible": true,
"srcEntrance": "./ets/ServiceExtAbility/ServiceExtAbility.ts"
"exported": true,
"srcEntry": "./ets/ServiceExtAbility/ServiceExtAbility.ts"
}]
```
......
......@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ First thing first, familiarize yourself with the two cornerstone frameworks in O
All applications should be developed on top of these frameworks.
Then, equip yourself for developing the key features, with the following guidelines:
- [Web](web/web-component-overview.md)
- [Notification](notification/Readme-EN.md)
- [Window Manager](windowmanager/Readme-EN.md)
- [WebGL](webgl/Readme-EN.md)
......@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ Then, equip yourself for developing the key features, with the following guideli
- [Connectivity](connectivity/Readme-EN.md)
- [Telephony Service](telephony/Readme-EN.md)
- [Data Management](database/Readme-EN.md)
- [File Management](file-management/Readme-EN.md)
- [Task Management](task-management/Readme-EN.md)
- [Device Management](device/Readme-EN.md)
- [Device Usage Statistics](device-usage-statistics/Readme-EN.md)
......@@ -40,7 +43,6 @@ Then, equip yourself for developing the key features, with the following guideli
- [Application Test](application-test/Readme-EN.md)
- [IDL Specifications and User Guide](IDL/idl-guidelines.md)
- [Using Native APIs in Application Projects](napi/Readme-EN.md)
- [File Management](file-management/medialibrary-overview.md)
### Tools
......@@ -70,3 +72,5 @@ They are organized as follows:
### Readme
For details about the principles and basic information of each subsystem, see the README file in [docs/en/readme](../readme).
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The application development documents provide reference for you to develop appli
The documents are carefully organized as follows:
### Getting Started
## Getting Started
[Here](quick-start/start-overview.md) you'll learn how to quickly get started with OpenHarmony application development.
......@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Browse the documents on the instructions for quickly building your first applica
Check out the development fundamentals, which comprise descriptions of the package structure configuration file for OpenHarmony applications and the instructions for use of resource files.
### Development
## Development
To facilitate your application development, we provide development guidelines for key features.
......@@ -24,14 +24,17 @@ First thing first, familiarize yourself with the two cornerstone frameworks in O
All applications should be developed on top of these frameworks.
Then, equip yourself for developing the key features, with the following guidelines:
- [Web](web/web-component-overview.md)
- [Notification](notification/notification-overview.md)
- [Window Manager](windowmanager/window-overview.md)
- [WebGL](webgl/webgl-overview.md)
- [Media](media/audio-overview.md)
- [Media](media/media-application-overview.md)
- [Security](security/userauth-overview.md)
- [Connectivity](connectivity/ipc-rpc-overview.md)
- [Telephony Service](telephony/telephony-overview.md)
- [Data Management](database/database-mdds-overview.md)
- [Data Management](database/data-mgmt-overview.md)
- [File Management](file-management/file-management-overview.md)
- [Task Management](task-management/background-task-overview.md)
- [Device](device/usb-overview.md)
- [Device Usage Statistics](device-usage-statistics/device-usage-statistics-overview.md)
......@@ -40,32 +43,29 @@ Then, equip yourself for developing the key features, with the following guideli
- [Application Test](application-test/arkxtest-guidelines.md)
- [OpenHarmony IDL Specifications and User Guide](IDL/idl-guidelines.md)
- [Using Native APIs in Application Projects](napi/napi-guidelines.md)
- [File Management](file-management/medialibrary-overview.md)
### Tools
## Tools
DevEco Studio is a high-performance integrated development environment (IDE) recommended for developing OpenHarmony applications.
[Here](https://developer.harmonyos.com/en/docs/documentation/doc-guides/ohos-deveco-studio-overview-0000001263280421) you can learn everything about DevEco Studio, including how to use this tool to create a project and sign, debug, and run an application.
### Hands-On Tutorials
## Hands-On Tutorials
To make you better understand how functions work together and jumpstart your application development projects, we provide stripped-down, real-world [samples](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/README.md) and [codelabs](https://gitee.com/openharmony/codelabs).
### API References
## API References
API references encompass all components and APIs available in OpenHarmony, helping you use and integrate APIs more effectively.
They are organized as follows:
- [Component Reference (TypeScript-based Declarative Development Paradigm)](reference/arkui-ts/Readme-EN.md)
- [Component Reference (JavaScript-based Web-like Development Paradigm)](reference/arkui-js/Readme-EN.md)
- [JS Service Widget UI Components](reference/js-service-widget-ui/Readme-EN.md)
- [JS and TS APIs](reference/apis/js-apis-ability-dataUriUtils.md)
- [Component Reference (TypeScript-based Declarative Development Paradigm)](reference/arkui-ts/ts-components-summary.md)
- [Component Reference (JavaScript-compatible Web-like Development Paradigm-ArkUI.Full)](reference/arkui-js/js-components-common-attributes.md)
- [Component Reference (JavaScript-compatible Web-like Development Paradigm-ArkUI.Lite)](reference/arkui-js-lite/js-framework-file.md)
- [JS Service Widget UI Components](reference/js-service-widget-ui/js-service-widget-file.md)
- [JS and TS APIs](reference/apis/development-intro.md)
- Native APIs
- [Standard Library](reference/native-lib/third_party_libc/musl.md)
- [Node_API](reference/native-lib/third_party_napi/napi.md)
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -18,11 +18,35 @@
- [ExtensionAbility Component Overview](extensionability-overview.md)
- [ServiceExtensionAbility](serviceextensionability.md)
- [DataShareExtensionAbility (for System Applications Only)](datashareextensionability.md)
- [FormExtensionAbility (Widget)](widget-development-stage.md)
- [AccessibilityExtensionAbility](accessibilityextensionability.md)
- [EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility](enterprise-extensionAbility.md)
- [InputMethodExtensionAbility](inputmethodextentionability.md)
- [WindowExtensionAbility](windowextensionability.md)
- Service Widget Development in Stage Model
- [Service Widget Overview](service-widget-overview.md)
- Developing an ArkTS Widget
- [ArkTS Widget Working Principles](arkts-ui-widget-working-principles.md)
- [ArkTS Widget Related Modules](arkts-ui-widget-modules.md)
- ArkTS Widget Development
- [Creating an ArkTS Widget](arkts-ui-widget-creation.md)
- [Configuring Widget Configuration Files](arkts-ui-widget-configuration.md)
- [Widget Lifecycle Management](arkts-ui-widget-lifecycle.md)
- Widget Page Development
- [Widget Page Capability Overview](arkts-ui-widget-page-overview.md)
- [Using Animations in the Widget](arkts-ui-widget-page-animation.md)
- [Applying Custom Drawing in the Widget](arkts-ui-widget-page-custom-drawing.md)
- Widget Event Development
- [Widget Event Capability Overview](arkts-ui-widget-event-overview.md)
- [Updating Widget Content Through FormExtensionAbility](arkts-ui-widget-event-formextensionability.md)
- [Updating Widget Content Through UIAbility](arkts-ui-widget-event-uiability.md)
- [Redirecting to a Specified Page Through the Router Event](arkts-ui-widget-event-router.md)
- Widget Data Interaction
- [Widget Data Interaction Overview](arkts-ui-widget-interaction-overview.md)
- [Configuring a Widget to Update Periodically](arkts-ui-widget-update-by-time.md)
- [Updating Local and Online Images in the Widget](arkts-ui-widget-image-update.md)
- [Updating Widget Content by State](arkts-ui-widget-update-by-status.md)
- [Updating Widget Content by Widget Host (for System Applications Only)](arkts-ui-widget-content-update.md)
- [Developing a JS Widget](js-ui-widget-development.md)
- [AbilityStage Component Container](abilitystage.md)
- [Context](application-context-stage.md)
- Want
......@@ -48,6 +72,7 @@
- [Subscribing to Common Events in Static Mode (for System Applications Only)](common-event-static-subscription.md)
- [Unsubscribing from Common Events](common-event-unsubscription.md)
- [Publishing Common Events](common-event-publish.md)
- [Removing Sticky Common Events](common-event-remove-sticky.md)
- [Background Services](background-services.md)
- Inter-Thread Communication
- [Thread Model](thread-model-stage.md)
......
......@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ This section uses the operation of using a browser to open a website as an examp
"host": "www.test.com",
"port": "8080",
// Prefix matching is used.
"pathStartWith": "query",
"type": "text/*"
"pathStartWith": "query"
},
{
"scheme": "http",
......@@ -53,12 +52,11 @@ function implicitStartAbility() {
let context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
let wantInfo = {
// Uncomment the line below if you want to implicitly query data only in the specific bundle.
// bundleName: "com.example.myapplication",
"action": "ohos.want.action.viewData",
// bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
'action': 'ohos.want.action.viewData',
// entities can be omitted.
"entities": ["entity.system.browsable"],
"uri": "https://www.test.com:8080/query/student",
"type": "text/plain"
'entities': ['entity.system.browsable'],
'uri': 'https://www.test.com:8080/query/student'
}
context.startAbility(wantInfo).then(() => {
// ...
......@@ -75,6 +73,6 @@ The matching process is as follows:
3. If **uri** in the passed **want** parameter is included in **uris** under **skills** of the ability to match, which is concatenated into https://www.test.com:8080/query* (where * is a wildcard), the matching is successful.
4. If **type** in the passed **want** parameter is specified and is included in **type** under **skills** of the ability to match, the matching is successful.
When there are multiple matching applications, a dialog box is displayed for you to select one of them. The following figure shows an example.
If there are multiple matching applications, the system displays a dialog box for you to select one of them. The following figure shows an example.
![](figures/ability-startup-with-implicit-want1.png)
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ AbilityStage is not automatically generated in the default project of DevEco Stu
1. In the **ets** directory of the **Module** project, right-click and choose **New > Directory** to create a directory named **myabilitystage**.
2. In the **myabilitystage** directory, right-click and choose **New > ts File** to create a file named **MyAbilityStage.ts**.
2. In the **myabilitystage** directory, right-click and choose **New > TypeScript File** to create a file named **MyAbilityStage.ts**.
3. Open the **MyAbilityStage.ts** file, and import the dependency package of AbilityStage. Customize a class that inherits from AbilityStage, and add the required lifecycle callbacks. The following code snippet adds the **onCreate()** lifecycle callback.
......@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ AbilityStage is not automatically generated in the default project of DevEco Stu
}
```
4. Set **srcEntry** in the [module.json5 file](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md) to the code path of the module.
4. In the [module.json5 file](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md), set **srcEntry** to specify the code path of the module as the entry for loading the HAP.
```json
{
"module": {
......@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ AbilityStage is not automatically generated in the default project of DevEco Stu
}
```
[AbilityStage](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md) has the lifecycle callback [onCreate()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md#abilitystageoncreate) and the event callbacks [onAcceptWant()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md#abilitystageonacceptwant), [onConfigurationUpdated()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md#abilitystageonconfigurationupdate), and [onMemoryLevel()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md#abilitystageonmemorylevel).
......@@ -54,7 +53,6 @@ AbilityStage is not automatically generated in the default project of DevEco Stu
- **onMemoryLevel()** event callback: triggered when the system adjusts the memory.
When an application is switched to the background, it is cached in the background. This adversely affects the overall system performance. When system resources are insufficient, the system reclaims memory from applications in multiple ways. For example, the system may stop applications to release memory for executing key tasks. To further maintain the balance of the system memory and prevent the system from stopping application processes, you can subscribe to the system memory changes in the **onMemoryLevel()** lifecycle callback of AbilityStage to release unnecessary resources.
......
......@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
- [AbilityStageContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-abilityStageContext.md): module-level context. It provides **HapModuleInfo** and **Configuration** in addition to those provided by the base class **Context**.
```ts
import AbilityStage from "@ohos.app.ability.AbilityStage";
import AbilityStage from '@ohos.app.ability.AbilityStage';
export default class MyAbilityStage extends AbilityStage {
onCreate() {
let abilityStageContext = this.context;
......@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ This topic describes how to use the context in the following scenarios:
- [Obtaining the Application Development Path](#obtaining-the-application-development-path)
- [Obtaining and Modifying Encrypted Areas](#obtaining-and-modifying-encrypted-areas)
- [Obtaining and Modifying Encryption Areas](#obtaining-and-modifying-encryption-areas)
- [Creating Context of Another Application or Module](#creating-context-of-another-application-or-module)
- [Subscribing to UIAbility Lifecycle Changes in a Process](#subscribing-to-uiability-lifecycle-changes-in-a-process)
......@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ The following table describes the application development paths obtained from co
| Name| Type| Readable| Writable| Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| cacheDir | string | Yes| No| Cache directory of the application on the internal storage.<br>It is the content of **Storage** of an application under **Settings > Apps & services > Apps**.|
| tempDir | string | Yes| No| Temporary file directory of the application.<br>Files in this directory are deleted after the application is uninstalled.|
| filesDir | string | Yes| No| File directory of the application on the internal storage.<br>Files in this directory may be synchronized to other directories during application migration or backup.|
| databaseDir | string | Yes| No| Storage directory of the local database.|
| bundleCodeDir | string | Yes| No| Installation directory of the application on the internal storage.|
| distributedFilesDir | string | Yes| No| Storage directory of distributed application data files.|
| preferencesDir | string | Yes| Yes| Preferences directory of the application.|
| bundleCodeDir | string | Yes | No | Path for storing the application's installation package, that is, installation directory of the application on the internal storage. Do not access resource files by concatenating paths. Use [@ohos.resourceManager] instead. |
| cacheDir | string | Yes| No| Path for storing the application's cache files, that is, cache directory of the application on the internal storage.<br>It is the content of **Storage** of an application under **Settings > Apps & services > Apps**.|
| filesDir | string | Yes | No | Path for storing the application's common files, that is, file directory of the application on the internal storage.<br>Files in this directory may be synchronized to other directories during application migration or backup.|
| preferencesDir | string | Yes | Yes | Path for storing the application's preference files, that is, preferences directory of the application. |
| tempDir | string | Yes | No | Path for storing the application's temporary files.<br>Files in this directory are deleted after the application is uninstalled.|
| databaseDir | string | Yes | No | Path for storing the application's database, that is, storage directory of the local database. |
| distributedFilesDir | string | Yes| No| Path for storing the application's distributed files.|
The capability of obtaining the application development path is provided by the base class **Context**. This capability is also provided by **ApplicationContext**, **AbilityStageContext**, **UIAbilityContext**, and **ExtensionContext**. However, the paths obtained from different contexts may differ, as shown below.
......@@ -144,13 +144,19 @@ export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
>
> The sample code obtains the sandbox path of the application development path. The absolute path can be obtained by running the **find / -name <fileName>** command in the hdc shell after file creation or modification.
### Obtaining and Modifying Encrypted Areas
### Obtaining and Modifying Encryption Areas
You can read and write [the area attribute in the context](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md) to obtain and set an encrypted area. Two encryption levels are supported:
Encrypting application files enhances data security by preventing files from unauthorized access. Different application files require different levels of protection. For private files, such as alarms and wallpapers, the application must place them in the device-level encryption area (EL1) to ensure that they can be accessed before the user enters the password. For sensitive files, such as personal privacy data, the application must place them in the user-level encryption area (EL2).
- AreaMode.EL1: device-level encryption area, which is accessible after the device is powered on.
In practice, you need to select a proper encrypted area based on scenario-specific requirements to protect application data security. The proper use of EL1 and the EL2 can efficiently improve the security.
- AreaMode.EL2: user-level encryption area, which is accessible only after the device is powered on and the password is entered (for the first time).
> **NOTE**
>
> - AreaMode.EL1: device-level encryption area, which is accessible after the device is powered on.
>
> - AreaMode.EL2: user-level encryption area, which is accessible only after the device is powered on and the password is entered (for the first time).
You can obtain and set the encryption area by reading and writing the [area attribute in Context](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md).
```ts
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
......@@ -175,14 +181,15 @@ export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
### Creating Context of Another Application or Module
The base class **Context** provides the [createBundleContext(bundleName:string)](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md#contextcreatebundlecontext), [createModuleContext(moduleName:string)](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md#contextcreatemodulecontext), and [createModuleContext(bundleName:string, moduleName:string)](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md#contextcreatemodulecontext-1) methods for creating the context of other applications or modules, so as to obtain the resource information, for example, [obtaining the application development paths](#obtaining-the-application-development-path) of other modules.
The base class **Context** provides [createBundleContext(bundleName:string)](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md#contextcreatebundlecontext), [createModuleContext(moduleName:string)](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md#contextcreatemodulecontext), and [createModuleContext(bundleName:string, moduleName:string)](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md#contextcreatemodulecontext-1) to create the context of other applications or modules, so as to obtain the resource information, for example, [obtaining the application development paths](#obtaining-the-application-development-path) of other modules.
- Call **createBundleContext(bundleName:string)** to create the context of another application.
> **NOTE**
>
> To obtain the context of another application:
>
> - Request the **ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_PRIVILEGED** permission. For details, see [Permission Application Guide](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
> - Request the **ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_PRIVILEGED** permission. For details, see [Declaring Permissions in the Configuration File](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
>
> - This is a system API and cannot be called by third-party applications.
For example, application information displayed on the home screen includes the application name and icon. The home screen application calls the foregoing method to obtain the context information, so as to obtain the resource information including the application name and icon.
......@@ -192,7 +199,7 @@ The base class **Context** provides the [createBundleContext(bundleName:string)]
export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
let bundleName2 = "com.example.application";
let bundleName2 = 'com.example.application';
let context2 = this.context.createBundleContext(bundleName2);
let label2 = context2.applicationInfo.label;
// ...
......@@ -205,7 +212,8 @@ The base class **Context** provides the [createBundleContext(bundleName:string)]
>
> To obtain the context of a specified module of another application:
>
> - Request the **ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_PRIVILEGED** permission. For details, see [Permission Application Guide](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
> - Request the **ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_PRIVILEGED** permission. For details, see [Declaring Permissions in the Configuration File](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
>
> - This is a system API and cannot be called by third-party applications.
```ts
......@@ -213,8 +221,8 @@ The base class **Context** provides the [createBundleContext(bundleName:string)]
export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
let bundleName2 = "com.example.application";
let moduleName2 = "module1";
let bundleName2 = 'com.example.application';
let moduleName2 = 'module1';
let context2 = this.context.createModuleContext(bundleName2, moduleName2);
// ...
}
......@@ -228,7 +236,7 @@ The base class **Context** provides the [createBundleContext(bundleName:string)]
export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
let moduleName2 = "module1";
let moduleName2 = 'module1';
let context2 = this.context.createModuleContext(moduleName2);
// ...
}
......@@ -238,66 +246,79 @@ The base class **Context** provides the [createBundleContext(bundleName:string)]
### Subscribing to UIAbility Lifecycle Changes in a Process
In the DFX statistics scenario of an application, if you need to collect statistics on the stay duration and access frequency of a page, you can subscribe to UIAbility lifecycle changes.
In the DFX statistics scenario of an application, if you need to collect statistics on the stay duration and access frequency of a page, you can subscribe to UIAbility lifecycle changes in a process.
[ApplicationContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-applicationContext.md) provides APIs for subscribing to UIAbility lifecycle changes in a process. When the UIAbility lifecycle changes in a process, for example, being created or destroyed, becoming visible or invisible, or gaining or losing focus, the corresponding callback is triggered, and a listener ID is returned. The ID is incremented by 1 each time the listener is registered. When the number of listeners exceeds the upper limit (2^63-1), -1 is returned. The following uses [UIAbilityContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md) as an example.
[ApplicationContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-applicationContext.md) provides APIs for subscribing to UIAbility lifecycle changes in a process. When the UIAbility lifecycle changes in a process, for example, being created or destroyed, becoming visible or invisible, or gaining or losing focus, the corresponding callback is triggered. Each time the callback is registered, a listener lifecycle ID is returned, with the value incremented by 1 each time. When the number of listeners exceeds the upper limit (2^63-1), **-1** is returned. The following uses [UIAbilityContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md) as an example.
```ts
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import window from '@ohos.window';
const TAG: string = "[Example].[Entry].[EntryAbility]";
const TAG: string = '[Example].[Entry].[EntryAbility]';
export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
// Define a lifecycle ID.
lifecycleId: number;
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
// Define a lifecycle callback object.
let abilityLifecycleCallback = {
onAbilityCreate(uiability) {
console.info(TAG, "onAbilityCreate uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
// Called when a UIAbility is created.
onAbilityCreate(uiAbility) {
console.log(TAG, `onAbilityCreate uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
},
onWindowStageCreate(uiability, windowStage) {
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageCreate uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageCreate windowStage:" + JSON.stringify(windowStage));
// Called when a window is created.
onWindowStageCreate(uiAbility, windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageCreate uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageCreate windowStage: ${JSON.stringify(windowStage)}`);
},
onWindowStageActive(uiability, windowStage) {
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageActive uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageActive windowStage:" + JSON.stringify(windowStage));
// Called when the window becomes active.
onWindowStageActive(uiAbility, windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageActive uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageActive windowStage: ${JSON.stringify(windowStage)}`);
},
onWindowStageInactive(uiability, windowStage) {
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageInactive uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageInactive windowStage:" + JSON.stringify(windowStage));
// Called when the window becomes inactive.
onWindowStageInactive(uiAbility, windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageInactive uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageInactive windowStage: ${JSON.stringify(windowStage)}`);
},
onWindowStageDestroy(uiability, windowStage) {
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageDestroy uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
console.info(TAG, "onWindowStageDestroy windowStage:" + JSON.stringify(windowStage));
// Called when the window is destroyed.
onWindowStageDestroy(uiAbility, windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageDestroy uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
console.log(TAG, `onWindowStageDestroy windowStage: ${JSON.stringify(windowStage)}`);
},
onAbilityDestroy(uiability) {
console.info(TAG, "onAbilityDestroy uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
// Called when the UIAbility is destroyed.
onAbilityDestroy(uiAbility) {
console.log(TAG, `onAbilityDestroy uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
},
onAbilityForeground(uiability) {
console.info(TAG, "onAbilityForeground uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
// Called when the UIAbility is switched from the background to the foreground.
onAbilityForeground(uiAbility) {
console.log(TAG, `onAbilityForeground uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
},
onAbilityBackground(uiability) {
console.info(TAG, "onAbilityBackground uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
// Called when the UIAbility is switched from the foreground to the background.
onAbilityBackground(uiAbility) {
console.log(TAG, `onAbilityBackground uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
},
onAbilityContinue(uiability) {
console.info(TAG, "onAbilityContinue uiability:" + JSON.stringify(uiability));
// Called when UIAbility is continued on another device.
onAbilityContinue(uiAbility) {
console.log(TAG, `onAbilityContinue uiAbility.launchWant: ${JSON.stringify(uiAbility.launchWant)}`);
}
}
// 1. Obtain the application context through the context attribute.
// Obtain the application context.
let applicationContext = this.context.getApplicationContext();
// 2. Register a listener for the lifecycle changes through the application context.
this.lifecycleId = applicationContext.on("abilityLifecycle", abilityLifecycleCallback);
console.info(TAG, "register callback number: " + JSON.stringify(this.lifecycleId));
// Register the application lifecycle callback.
this.lifecycleId = applicationContext.on('abilityLifecycle', abilityLifecycleCallback);
console.log(TAG, `register callback number: ${this.lifecycleId}`);
}
// ...
onDestroy() {
// Obtain the application context.
let applicationContext = this.context.getApplicationContext();
applicationContext.off("abilityLifecycle", this.lifecycleId, (error, data) => {
console.info(TAG, "unregister callback success, err: " + JSON.stringify(error));
});
// Deregister the application lifecycle callback.
applicationContext.off('abilityLifecycle', this.lifecycleId);
}
}
```
# Configuring Widget Configuration Files
Widget-related configuration includes **FormExtensionAbility** configuration and widget configuration.
1. Configure FormExtensionAbility information under **extensionAbilities** in the [module.json5 file](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md). For a FormExtensionAbility, you must specify **metadata**. Specifically, set **name** to **ohos.extension.form** (fixed), and set **resource** to the index of the widget configuration information.
Example configuration:
```json
{
"module": {
...
"extensionAbilities": [
{
"name": "EntryFormAbility",
"srcEntry": "./ets/entryformability/EntryFormAbility.ts",
"label": "$string:EntryFormAbility_label",
"description": "$string:EntryFormAbility_desc",
"type": "form",
"metadata": [
{
"name": "ohos.extension.form",
"resource": "$profile:form_config"
}
]
}
]
}
}
```
2. Configure the widget configuration information. In the **metadata** configuration item of FormExtensionAbility, you can specify the resource index of specific configuration information of the widget. For example, if resource is set to **$profile:form_config**, **form_config.json** in the **resources/base/profile/** directory of the development view is used as the profile configuration file of the widget. The following table describes the internal field structure.
**Table 1** form_config.json file
| Field| Description| Data Type| Default Value Allowed|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| name | Class name of the widget. The value is a string with a maximum of 127 bytes.| String| No|
| description | Description of the widget. The value can be a string or a resource index to descriptions in multiple languages. The value is a string with a maximum of 255 bytes.| String| Yes (initial value: left empty)|
| src | Full path of the UI code corresponding to the widget. For an ArkTS widget, the full path must contain the widget file name extension, for example, **./ets/widget/pages/WidgetCard.ets**. For a JS widget, the full path does not need to contain the widget file name extension, for example, **./js/widget/pages/WidgetCard**.| String| No|
| uiSyntax | Type of the widget.<br>- **arkts**: ArkTS widget<br>- **hml**: JS widget| String| Yes (initial value: **hml**)|
| window | Window-related configurations.| Object| Yes|
| isDefault | Whether the widget is a default one. Each UIAbility has only one default widget.<br>- **true**: The widget is the default one.<br>- **false**: The widget is not the default one.| Boolean| No|
| colorMode | Color mode of the widget.<br>- **auto**: auto-adaptive color mode<br>- **dark**: dark color mode<br>- **light**: light color mode| String| Yes (initial value: **auto**)|
| supportDimensions | Grid styles supported by the widget.<br>- **1 * 2**: indicates a grid with one row and two columns.<br>- **2 * 2**: indicates a grid with two rows and two columns.<br>- **2 * 4**: indicates a grid with two rows and four columns.<br>- **4 * 4**: indicates a grid with four rows and four columns.| String array| No|
| defaultDimension | Default grid style of the widget. The value must be available in the **supportDimensions** array of the widget.| String| No|
| updateEnabled | Whether the widget can be updated periodically.<br>- **true**: The widget can be updated at a specified interval (**updateDuration**) or at the scheduled time (**scheduledUpdateTime**). **updateDuration** takes precedence over **scheduledUpdateTime**.<br>- **false**: The widget cannot be updated periodically.| Boolean| No|
| scheduledUpdateTime | Scheduled time to update the widget. The value is in 24-hour format and accurate to minute.<br>**NOTE**<br>**updateDuration** takes precedence over **scheduledUpdateTime**. If both are specified, the value specified by **updateDuration** is used.| String| Yes (initial value: The widget cannot be updated periodically.)|
| updateDuration | Interval to update the widget. The value is a natural number, in the unit of 30 minutes.<br>If the value is **0**, this field does not take effect.<br>If the value is a positive integer *N*, the interval is calculated by multiplying *N* and 30 minutes.<br>**NOTE**<br>**updateDuration** takes precedence over **scheduledUpdateTime**. If both are specified, the value specified by **updateDuration** is used.| Number| Yes (initial value: **0**)|
| formConfigAbility | Link to a specific page of the application. The value is a URI.| String| Yes (initial value: left empty)|
| formVisibleNotify | Whether the widget is allowed to use the widget visibility notification.| String| Yes (initial value: left empty)|
| metadata | Metadata of the widget. This field contains the array of the **customizeData** field.| Object| Yes (initial value: left empty)|
Example configuration:
```json
{
"forms": [
{
"name": "widget",
"description": "This is a service widget.",
"src": "./ets/widget/pages/WidgetCard.ets",
"uiSyntax": "arkts",
"window": {
"designWidth": 720,
"autoDesignWidth": true
},
"colorMode": "auto",
"isDefault": true,
"updateEnabled": true,
"scheduledUpdateTime": "10:30",
"updateDuration": 1,
"defaultDimension": "2*2",
"supportDimensions": [
"2*2"
]
}
]
}
```
# Updating Widget Content by Widget Host (for System Applications Only)
Widgets that are updated periodically are subject to the scheduled time or interval settings. To offer more flexible updates, the widget host can provide a button to proactively trigger a widget update. Specifically, the widget host calls the [requestForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formHost.md#requestform) API to request a widget update. The system then calls the [onUpdateForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md#onupdateform) lifecycle callback in the FormExtensionAbility of the widget provider. In the callback, the [updateForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md#updateform) API can be used to update the widget content. For details about the **onUpdateForm** lifecycle callback, see [Updating Widget Content Through FormExtensionAbility](arkts-ui-widget-event-formextensionability.md).
```ts
import formHost from '@ohos.app.form.formHost';
@Entry()
@Component
struct WidgetCard {
formId = ...; // Widget ID
build() {
Button (`Update Widget`)
.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.width('50%')
.height(50)
.onClick(() => {
console.info('FormAbility update form click');
// formId is the ID of the widget to be updated.
formHost.requestForm(this.formId.toString()).then(() => {
console.info('Succeeded in requestForming.');
});
})
...
}
}
```
# Creating an ArkTS Widget
To create an ArkTS widget in an existing application project, perform the following steps:
1. Create a widget.
![WidgetProjectCreate1](figures/WidgetProjectCreate1.png)
2. Select a widget template based on the actual service scenario.
![WidgetProjectCreate2](figures/WidgetProjectCreate2.png)
3. Set **Language** to **ArkTS** and click **Finish**.
![WidgetProjectCreate3](figures/WidgetProjectCreate3.png)
After an ArkTS widget is created, the following widget-related files are added to the project directory: **EntryFormAbility.ts** (widget lifecycle management file), **WidgetCard.ets** (widget page file), and **form_config.json** (widget configuration file).
![WidgetProjectView](figures/WidgetProjectView.png)
# Updating Widget Content Through FormExtensionAbility
On the widget page, the **postCardAction** API can be used to trigger a message event to the FormExtensionAbility, which then updates the widget content. The following is an example of this widget update mode.
- On the widget page, register the **onClick** event callback of the button and call the **postCardAction** API in the callback to trigger the event to the FormExtensionAbility.
```ts
let storage = new LocalStorage();
@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct WidgetCard {
@LocalStorageProp('title') title: string = 'init';
@LocalStorageProp('detail') detail: string = 'init';
build() {
Column() {
Button ('Update')
.onClick(() => {
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'message',
'params': {
'msgTest': 'messageEvent'
}
});
})
Text(`${this.title}`)
Text(`${this.detail}`)
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
}
}
```
- Call the [updateForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md#updateform) API to update the widget in the **onFormEvent** callback of the FormExtensionAbility.
```ts
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
export default class EntryFormAbility extends FormExtensionAbility {
onFormEvent(formId, message) {
// Called when a specified message event defined by the form provider is triggered.
console.info(`FormAbility onEvent, formId = ${formId}, message: ${JSON.stringify(message)}`);
let formData = {
'title':'Title Update Success.', // Matches the widget layout.
'detail':'Detail Update Success.', // Matches the widget layout.
};
let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)
formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo).then((data) => {
console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));
}).catch((error) => {
console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
})
}
// ...
}
```
The figure below shows the effect.
![WidgetUpdatePage](figures/WidgetUpdatePage.png)
# Widget Event Capability Overview
The ArkTS widget provides the **postCardAction()** API for interaction between the widget internal and the provider application. Currently, this API supports the router, message, and call events and can be called only in the widget.
![WidgetPostCardAction](figures/WidgetPostCardAction.png)
Definition: postCardAction(component: Object, action: Object): void
Parameters:
| Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| component | Object | Yes| Instance of the current custom component. Generally, **this** is transferred.|
| action | Object | Yes| Action description. For details, see the following table.|
Description of the action parameter
| **Key** | **Value** | Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| "action" | string | Action type.<br>- **"router"**: application redirection. If this type of action is triggered, the corresponding UIAbility is displayed. Only the UIAbility of the current application can be displayed.<br>- **"message"**: custom message. If this type of action is triggered, the [onFormEvent()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md#onformevent) lifecycle callback of the provider FormExtensionAbility is called.<br>- **"call"**: application startup in the background. If this type of action is triggered, the corresponding UIAbility is started but does not run in the foreground. The target application must have the permission to run in the background ([ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING](../security/permission-list.md#ohospermissionkeep_background_running)).|
| "bundleName" | string | Name of the target bundle when **action** is **"router"** or **"call"**. This parameter is optional.|
| "moduleName" | string | Name of the target module when **action** is **"router"** or **"call"**. This parameter is optional.|
| "abilityName" | string | Name of the target UIAbility when **action** is **"router"** or **"call"**. This parameter is mandatory.|
| "params" | Object | Additional parameters carried in the current action. The value is a key-value pair in JSON format.|
Sample code of the **postCardAction()** API:
```typescript
Button ('Jump')
.width('40%')
.height('20%')
.onClick(() => {
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'router',
'bundleName': 'com.example.myapplication',
'abilityName': 'EntryAbility',
'params': {
'message': 'testForRouter' // Customize the message to be sent.
}
});
})
```
The following are typical widget development scenarios that can be implemented through widget events:
- [Updating Widget Content Through FormExtensionAbility](arkts-ui-widget-event-formextensionability.md)
- [Updating Widget Content Through UIAbility](arkts-ui-widget-event-uiability.md)
- [Redirecting to a Specified Page Through the Router Event](arkts-ui-widget-event-router.md)
# Redirecting to a Specified Page Through the Router Event
The **router** capability of the **postCardAction** API can be used in a widget to quickly start the widget provider application. An application can provide different buttons through the widget so that users can jump to different pages at the touch of a button. For example, a camera widget provides the buttons that direct the user to respective pages, such as the page for taking a photo and the page for recording a video.
![WidgerCameraCard](figures/WidgerCameraCard.png)
Generally, a button is used to start a page.
- Design two buttons on the widget page. When one of the buttons is clicked, **postCardAction** is called to send a router event to the specified UIAbility, with the content to be transferred defined in the event.
```ts
@Entry
@Component
struct WidgetCard {
build() {
Column() {
Button ('Function A')
.margin('20%')
.onClick(() => {
console.info('Jump to EntryAbility funA');
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'router',
'abilityName': 'EntryAbility', // Only the UIAbility of the current application is allowed.
'params': {
'targetPage': 'funA' // Process the information in the EntryAbility.
}
});
})
Button ('Function B')
.margin('20%')
.onClick(() => {
console.info('Jump to EntryAbility funB');
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'router',
'abilityName': 'EntryAbility', // Only the UIAbility of the current application is allowed.
'params': {
'targetPage': 'funB' // Process the information in the EntryAbility.
}
});
})
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
}
}
```
- The UIAbility receives the router event and obtains parameters. It then starts the page specified in the received message.
```ts
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import window from '@ohos.window';
let selectPage = "";
let currentWindowStage = null;
export default class CameraAbility extends UIAbility {
// If the UIAbility is started for the first time, the onCreate lifecycle callback is triggered after the router event is received.
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
// Obtain the targetPage parameter passed in the router event.
console.info("onCreate want:" + JSON.stringify(want));
if (want.parameters.params !== undefined) {
let params = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params);
console.info("onCreate router targetPage:" + params.targetPage);
selectPage = params.targetPage;
}
}
// If the UIAbility is running in the background, the onNewWant lifecycle callback is triggered after the router event is received.
onNewWant(want, launchParam) {
console.info("onNewWant want:" + JSON.stringify(want));
if (want.parameters.params !== undefined) {
let params = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params);
console.info("onNewWant router targetPage:" + params.targetPage);
selectPage = params.targetPage;
}
if (currentWindowStage != null) {
this.onWindowStageCreate(currentWindowStage);
}
}
onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
let targetPage;
// Start the page specified by targetPage.
switch (selectPage) {
case 'funA':
targetPage = 'pages/FunA';
break;
case 'funB':
targetPage = 'pages/FunB';
break;
default:
targetPage = 'pages/Index';
}
if (currentWindowStage === null) {
currentWindowStage = windowStage;
}
windowStage.loadContent(targetPage, (err, data) => {
if (err && err.code) {
console.info('Failed to load the content. Cause: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(err));
return;
}
});
}
};
```
# Updating Widget Content Through UIAbility
On the widget page, the **postCardAction** API can be used to trigger a router or call event to start the UIAbility, which then updates the widget content. The following is an example of this widget update mode.
- On the widget page, register the **onClick** event callback of the button and call the **postCardAction** API in the callback to trigger the event to the FormExtensionAbility.
```ts
let storage = new LocalStorage();
@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct WidgetCard {
@LocalStorageProp('detail') detail: string = 'init';
build() {
Column() {
Button ('Jump')
.margin('20%')
.onClick(() => {
console.info('postCardAction to EntryAbility');
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'router',
'abilityName': 'EntryAbility', // Only the UIAbility of the current application is allowed.
'params': {
'detail': 'RouterFromCard'
}
});
})
Text(`${this.detail}`).margin('20%')
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
}
}
```
- In the **onCreate()** or **onNewWant()** lifecycle callback of the UIAbility, use the input parameter **want** to obtain the ID (**formID**) and other information of the widget, and then call the [updateForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md#updateform) API to update the widget.
```ts
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo';
export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
// If the UIAbility is started for the first time, the onCreate lifecycle callback is triggered after the router event is received.
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
console.info('Want:' + JSON.stringify(want));
if (want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY] !== undefined) {
let curFormId = want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY];
let message = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params).detail;
console.info(`UpdateForm formId: ${curFormId}, message: ${message}`);
let formData = {
"detail": message +': onCreate UIAbility.', // Matches the widget layout.
};
let formMsg = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)
formProvider.updateForm(curFormId, formMsg).then((data) => {
console.info('updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));
}).catch((error) => {
console.error('updateForm failed:' + JSON.stringify(error));
})
}
}
// If the UIAbility is running in the background, the onNewWant lifecycle callback is triggered after the router event is received.
onNewWant(want, launchParam) {
console.info('onNewWant Want:' + JSON.stringify(want));
if (want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY] !== undefined) {
let curFormId = want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY];
let message = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params).detail;
console.info(`UpdateForm formId: ${curFormId}, message: ${message}`);
let formData = {
"detail": message +': onNewWant UIAbility.', // Matches the widget layout.
};
let formMsg = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)
formProvider.updateForm(curFormId, formMsg).then((data) => {
console.info('updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));
}).catch((error) => {
console.error('updateForm failed:' + JSON.stringify(error));
})
}
}
...
}
```
# Updating Local and Online Images in the Widget
Generally, local images or online images downloaded from the network need to be displayed on a widget. To obtain local and online images, use the FormExtensionAbility. The following exemplifies how to show local and online images on a widget.
1. Internet access is required for downloading online images. Therefore, you need to apply for the **ohos.permission.INTERNET** permission. For details, see[Declaring Permissions in the Configuration File](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md).
2. Update local files in the **onAddForm** lifecycle callback of the EntryFormAbility.
```ts
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import request from '@ohos.request';
import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
export default class EntryFormAbility extends FormExtensionAbility {
...
// When the widget is added, a local image is opened and transferred to the widget page for display.
onAddForm(want) {
// Assume that the local image head.PNG is in the tmp directory of the current widget.
let tempDir = this.context.getApplicationContext().tempDir;
// Open the local image and obtain the FD after the image is opened.
let file;
try {
file = fs.openSync(tempDir + '/' + 'head.PNG');
} catch (e) {
console.error(`openSync failed: ${JSON.stringify(e)}`);
}
let formData = {
'text': 'Image: Bear',
'imgName': 'imgBear',
'formImages': {
'imgBear': file.fd
},
'loaded': true
}
// Encapsulate the FD in formData and return it to the widget page.
return formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData);
}
...
}
```
3. Update online files in the onFormEvent lifecycle callback of the EntryFormAbility.
```ts
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import request from '@ohos.request';
import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
export default class EntryFormAbility extends FormExtensionAbility {
// When the message event is triggered on the widget page, an online image is downloaded and transferred to the widget page for display.
onFormEvent(formId, message) {
let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData({
'text': 'Updating...'
})
formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo)
// Note: The FormExtensionAbility is started when the lifecycle callback is triggered. It can run in the background for only 5 seconds.
// When possible, limit the size of the image to download. If an image cannot be downloaded within 5 seconds, it cannot be updated to the widget page.
let netFile = 'https://xxxx/xxxx.png'; // Specify the URL of the image to download.
let tempDir = this.context.getApplicationContext().tempDir;
let fileName = 'file' + Date.now();
let tmpFile = tempDir + '/' + fileName;
request.downloadFile(this.context, {
url: netFile, filePath: tmpFile, enableMetered: true, enableRoaming: true
}).then((task) => {
task.on('complete', function callback() {
console.info('ArkTSCard download complete:' + tmpFile);
let file;
try {
file = fs.openSync(tmpFile);
} catch (e) {
console.error(`openSync failed: ${JSON.stringify(e)}`);
}
let fileInfo = {};
fileInfo[fileName] = file.fd;
let formData = {
'text': 'Image:' + fileName,
'imgName': fileName,
'formImages': fileInfo,
'loaded': true
};
let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)
formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo).then((data) => {
console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));
}).catch((error) => {
console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
})
})
task.on('fail', function callBack(err) {
console.info('ArkTSCard download task failed. Cause:' + err);
let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData({
'text':'Update failed.'
})
formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo)
});
}).catch((err) => {
console.error('Failed to request the download. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(err));
});
}
...
};
```
4. On the widget page, use the **\<Image>** component to display the widget content transferred from the EntryFormAbility.
```ts
let storage = new LocalStorage();
@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct WidgetCard {
@LocalStorageProp('text') text: string = 'Loading...';
@LocalStorageProp('loaded') loaded: boolean = false;
@LocalStorageProp('imgName') imgName: string = 'name';
build() {
Column() {
Text(this.text)
.fontSize('12vp')
.textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
.width('100%')
.height('15%')
Row() {
if (this.loaded) {
Image('memory://' + this.imgName)
.width('50%')
.height('50%')
.margin('5%')
} else {
Image('common/start.PNG')
.width('50%')
.height('50%')
.margin('5%')
}
}.alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
Button ('Update')
.height('15%')
.onClick(() => {
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'message',
'params': {
'info': 'refreshImage'
}
});
})
}
.width('100%').height('100%')
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)
.padding('5%')
}
}
```
> **NOTE**
> - The **\<Image>** component displays images in the remote memory based on the **memory://** identifier in the input parameter (**memory://fileName**). The **fileName** value must be consistent with the key in the object (**'formImages': {key: fd}**) passed by the EntryFormAbility.
>
> - The **\<Image>** component determines whether to update the image based on whether the input parameter is changed. Therefore, the value of **imgName** passed by the EntryFormAbility each time must be different. If the two values of **imgName** passed consecutively are identical, the image is not updated.
# Widget Data Interaction
The ArkTS widget framework provides the **updateForm()** and **requestForm()** APIs to proactively trigger widget updates.
![WidgetLocalStorageProp](figures/WidgetLocalStorageProp.png)
| API| System Capability| Constraints|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| updateForm | No| 1. Invoked by the provider.<br>2. Allows only the widget provider to update its own widgets. It cannot be used to update widgets by other providers.|
| requestForm | Yes| 1. Invoked by the host.<br>2. Allows only the widget host to update the widgets added to it. It cannot be used to update widgets added to other hosts.|
The following describes the typical use cases of widget updates:
- [Configuring a Widget to Update Periodically](arkts-ui-widget-update-by-time.md)
- [Updating Local and Online Images](arkts-ui-widget-image-update.md)
- [Updating Widget Content by State](arkts-ui-widget-update-by-status.md)
- [Updating Widget Content by Widget Host (for System Applications Only)](arkts-ui-widget-content-update.md)
# Widget Lifecycle Management
When creating an ArkTS widget, you need to implement the [FormExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md) lifecycle APIs.
1. Import related modules to **EntryFormAbility.ts**.
```ts
import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
```
2. In **EntryFormAbility.ts**, implement the [FormExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md) lifecycle APIs, including **onAddForm**, whose **want** parameter can be used to obtain the widget information through [FormParam](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formInfo.md#formparam).
```typescript
import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
export default class EntryFormAbility extends FormExtensionAbility {
onAddForm(want) {
console.info('[EntryFormAbility] onAddForm');
// Obtain the unique widget ID formId from the want parameter.
let formId: string = want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY];
// Called when the widget is created. The widget provider should return the widget data binding class.
let obj = {
'title': 'titleOnAddForm',
'detail': 'detailOnAddForm'
};
let formData = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(obj);
return formData;
}
onCastToNormalForm(formId) {
// Called when the form provider is notified that a temporary form is successfully
// converted to a normal form.
// Called when the widget host converts the temporary widget into a normal one. The widget provider should do something to respond to the conversion.
console.info(`[EntryFormAbility] onCastToNormalForm, formId: ${formId}`);
}
onUpdateForm(formId) {
// Override this method to support scheduled updates, periodic updates, or updates requested by the widget host.
console.info('[EntryFormAbility] onUpdateForm');
let obj = {
'title': 'titleOnUpdateForm',
'detail': 'detailOnUpdateForm'
};
let formData = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(obj);
formProvider.updateForm(formId, formData).catch((err) => {
if (err) {
// Print errors.
console.error(`[EntryFormAbility] Failed to updateForm. Code: ${err.code}, message: ${err.message}`);
return;
}
});
}
onChangeFormVisibility(newStatus) {
// Called when the form provider receives form events from the system.
// The callback is performed only when formVisibleNotify is set to true and the application is a system application.
console.info('[EntryFormAbility] onChangeFormVisibility');
}
onFormEvent(formId, message) {
// Called when a specified message event defined by the form provider is triggered.
// If the widget supports event triggering, override this method and implement the trigger.
console.info('[EntryFormAbility] onFormEvent');
}
onRemoveForm(formId) {
// Called to notify the form provider that a specified form has been destroyed.
// Called when the corresponding widget is deleted. The input parameter is the ID of the deleted card.
console.info('[EntryFormAbility] onRemoveForm');
}
onConfigurationUpdate(config) {
// Called when the system configuration is updated.
console.info('[EntryFormAbility] configurationUpdate:' + JSON.stringify(config));
}
onAcquireFormState(want) {
// Called to return a {@link FormState} object.
// Called when the widget provider receives the status query result of a widget. By default, the initial state of the widget is returned.
return formInfo.FormState.READY;
}
}
```
> **NOTE**
> The FormExtensionAbility cannot reside in the background. Therefore, continuous tasks cannot be processed in the widget lifecycle callbacks. The FormExtensionAbility persists for 5 seconds after the lifecycle callback is completed and will exit if no new lifecycle callback is invoked during this time frame. For the service logic that may take more than 5 seconds to complete, it is recommended that you [start the application](arkts-ui-widget-event-uiability.md). After the processing is complete, use the [updateForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md#updateform) to notify the widget of the update.
# ArkTS Widget Related Modules
**Figure 1** ArkTS widget related modules
![WidgetModules](figures/WidgetModules.png)
- [FormExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md): provides lifecycle callbacks invoked when a widget is created, destroyed, or updated.
- [FormExtensionContext](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-formExtensionContext.md): provides context for FormExtensionAbilities. You can use the APIs of this module to start FormExtensionAbilities.
- [formProvider](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md): provides APIs related to the widget provider. You can use the APIs to update a widget, set the next update time for a widget, obtain widget information, and request a widget release.
- [formInfo](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formInfo.md): provides types and enums related to the widget information and state.
- [formBindingData](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formBindingData.md): provides APIs for widget data binding. You can use the APIs to create a **FormBindingData** object and obtain related information.
- [Page Layout (Card.ets)](arkts-ui-widget-page-overview.md): provides APIs for a declarative paradigm UI.
- [ArkTS widget capabilities](arkts-ui-widget-event-overview.md): include the **postCardAction** API used for interaction between the widget internal and the provider application and can be called only in the widget.
- [ArkTS widget capability list](arkts-ui-widget-page-overview.md#page-capabilities-supported-by-arkts-widgets): lists the APIs, components, events, attributes, and lifecycle callbacks that can be used in ArkTS widgets.
- [Widget configuration](arkts-ui-widget-configuration.md): includes FormExtensionAbility configuration and widget configuration.
- Configure FormExtensionAbility information under **extensionAbilities** in the [module.json5 file](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md).
- Configure the widget configuration information (**WidgetCard.ets**) in the [form_config.json](arkts-ui-widget-configuration.md) file in **resources/base/profile**.
# Using Animations in the Widget
To make your ArkTS widget more engaging, you can apply animations to it, including [explicit animation](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-explicit-animation.md), [attribute animation](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-animatorproperty.md), and [component transition](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-transition-animation-component.md). Note the following restrictions when using the animations in ArkTS widgets.
**Table 1** Restrictions on animation parameters
| Name| Description| Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| duration | Animation playback duration| The maximum value is 1 second. If a larger value is set, the animation is still played for 1 second.|
| tempo | Animation playback speed.| Do not set this parameter in the widget. Use the default value 1.|
| delay | Animation delay duration.| Do not set this parameter in the widget. Use the default value 0.|
| iterations | Number of times that the animation is played.| Do not set this parameter in the widget. Use the default value 1.|
The following sample code implements the animation effect of button rotation:
![WidgetAnimation](figures/WidgetAnimation.gif)
```ts
@Entry
@Component
struct AttrAnimationExample {
@State rotateAngle: number = 0;
build() {
Column() {
Button('change rotate angle')
.onClick(() => {
this.rotateAngle = 90;
})
.margin(50)
.rotate({ angle: this.rotateAngle })
.animation({
curve: Curve.EaseOut,
playMode: PlayMode.AlternateReverse
})
}.width('100%').margin({ top: 20 })
}
}
```
# Applying Custom Drawing in the Widget
You can apply custom drawing in your ArkTS widget to create a more vibrant experience. Use the [Canvas](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-components-canvas-canvas.md) component to create a canvas on the widget, and then use the [CanvasRenderingContext2D](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-canvasrenderingcontext2d.md) object to draw custom graphics on the canvas. The following code shows how to draw a smiling face in the center of the canvas.
```typescript
@Entry
@Component
struct Card {
private canvasWidth: number = 0;
private canvasHeight: number = 0;
// Initialize CanvasRenderingContext2D and RenderingContextSettings.
private settings: RenderingContextSettings = new RenderingContextSettings(true);
private context: CanvasRenderingContext2D = new CanvasRenderingContext2D(this.settings);
build() {
Column() {
Row() {
Canvas(this.context)
.margin('5%')
.width('90%')
.height('90%')
.onReady(() => {
console.info('[ArkTSCard] onReady for canvas draw content');
// Obtain the actual width and height of the canvas in the onReady callback.
this.canvasWidth = this.context.width;
this.canvasHeight = this.context.height;
// Draw the background of the canvas.
this.context.fillStyle = 'rgba(203, 154, 126, 1.00)';
this.context.fillRect(0, 0, this.canvasWidth, this.canvasHeight);
// Draw a red circle in the center of the canvas.
this.context.beginPath();
let radius = this.context.width / 3
let circleX = this.context.width / 2
let circleY = this.context.height / 2
this.context.moveTo(circleX - radius, circleY);
this.context.arc(circleX, circleY, radius, 2 * Math.PI, 0, true);
this.context.closePath();
this.context.fillStyle = 'red';
this.context.fill();
// Draw the left eye of the smiling face.
let leftR = radius / 4
let leftX = circleX - (radius / 2)
let leftY = circleY - (radius / 3.5)
this.context.beginPath();
this.context.arc(leftX, leftY, leftR, 0, Math.PI, true);
this.context.strokeStyle = '#ffff00'
this.context.lineWidth = 10
this.context.stroke()
// Draw the right eye of the smiling face.
let rightR = radius / 4
let rightX = circleX + (radius / 2)
let rightY = circleY - (radius / 3.5)
this.context.beginPath();
this.context.arc(rightX, rightY, rightR, 0, Math.PI, true);
this.context.strokeStyle = '#ffff00'
this.context.lineWidth = 10
this.context.stroke()
// Draw the mouth of the smiling face.
let mouthR = radius / 2.5
let mouthX = circleX
let mouthY = circleY + (radius / 3)
this.context.beginPath();
this.context.arc(mouthX, mouthY, mouthR, Math.PI, 0, true);
this.context.strokeStyle = '#ffff00'
this.context.lineWidth = 10
this.context.stroke()
})
}
}.height('100%').width('100%')
}
}
```
The figure below shows the effect.
![WidgetCanvasDemo](figures/WidgetCanvasDemo.jpeg)
# Widget Page Capability Overview
You can leverage the ArkUI declarative paradigm to develop ArkTS widget pages. The following widget pages are automatically generated by a DevEco Studio template. You can adjust the pages based on the real-world service scenarios.
![WidgetPreviewPage](figures/WidgetPreviewPage.png)
ArkTS widgets have full capabilities of JS widgets, with added animation and custom drawing capabilities plus partial support for components, events, animations, data management, and state management capabilities of the [declarative paradigm](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-components-summary.md). For details, see [Page Capabilities Supported by ArkTS Widgets](#page-capabilities-supported-by-arkts-widgets).
## Page Capabilities Supported by ArkTS Widgets
For details about the page capabilities supported by ArkTS widgets, see [Learning ArkTS](../quick-start/arkts-create-custom-components.md) and [ArkTS-based Declarative Development Paradigm](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-components-summary.md).
Only the APIs marked with "supported in ArkTS widgets" can be used for ArkTS widgets. Pay special attention to the capability differences with applications.
For example, the following description indicates that the @Component decorator can be used in ArkTS widgets.
![WidgetSupportApi](figures/WidgetSupportApi.png)
# Updating Widget Content by State
Multiple widgets of the same application can be configured to implement different features. For example, two weather widgets can be added to the home screen: one for displaying the weather of London, and the other Beijing. The widget is set to be updated at 07:00 every morning. It needs to detect the configured city, and then updates the city-specific weather information. The following example describes how to dynamically update the widget content based on the state.
- Widget configuration file: Configure the widget to be updated at 07:00 every morning.
```json
{
"forms": [
{
"name": "widget",
"description": "This is a service widget.",
"src": "./ets/widget/pages/WidgetCard.ets",
"uiSyntax": "arkts",
"window": {
"designWidth": 720,
"autoDesignWidth": true
},
"colorMode": "auto",
"isDefault": true,
"updateEnabled": true,"scheduledUpdateTime": "07:00",
"updateDuration": 0,
"defaultDimension": "2*2",
"supportDimensions": ["2*2"]
}
]
}
```
- Widget page: A widget has different states and needs to be updated by state. When the state changes, **postCardAction** is called to notify the EntryFormAbility.
```ts
let storage = new LocalStorage();
@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct WidgetCard {
@LocalStorageProp('textA') textA: string = 'To be updated...';
@LocalStorageProp('textB') textB: string ='To be updated...';
@State selectA: boolean = false;
@State selectB: boolean = false;
build() {
Column() {
Row() {
Checkbox({ name: 'checkbox1', group: 'checkboxGroup' })
.select(false)
.onChange((value: boolean) => {
this.selectA = value;
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'message',
'params': {
'selectA': JSON.stringify(value)
}
});
})
Text ('State A')
}
Row() {
Checkbox({ name: 'checkbox2', group: 'checkboxGroup' })
.select(false)
.onChange((value: boolean) => {
this.selectB = value;
postCardAction(this, {
'action': 'message',
'params': {
'selectB': JSON.stringify(value)
}
});
})
Text ('State B')
}
Row() {// Content that is updated only in state A
Text('State A: ')
Text(this.textA)
}
Row() { // Content that is updated only in state B
Text ('State B:')
Text(this.textB)
}
}.padding('10%')
}
}
```
- EntryFormAbility: The widget state data is stored in the local database. When the update event callback is triggered, the current widget state is obtained through **formId**, and then content is updated based on the state obtained.
```ts
import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo'
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import dataStorage from '@ohos.data.storage'
export default class EntryFormAbility extends FormExtensionAbility {
onAddForm(want) {
let formId = want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY];
let isTempCard: boolean = want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.TEMPORARY_KEY];
if (isTempCard === false) {// If the widget is a normal one, the widget information is persisted.
console.info('Not temp card, init db for:' + formId);
let storeDB = dataStorage.getStorageSync(this.context.filesDir + 'myStore')
storeDB.putSync('A' + formId, 'false');
storeDB.putSync('B' + formId, 'false');
storeDB.flushSync();
}
let formData = {};
return formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData);
}
onRemoveForm(formId) {
console.info('onRemoveForm, formId:' + formId);
let storeDB = dataStorage.getStorageSync(this.context.filesDir + 'myStore')
storeDB.deleteSync('A' + formId);
storeDB.deleteSync('B' + formId);
}
// If the widget is a temporary one, it is recommended that the widget information be persisted when the widget is converted to a normal one.
onCastToNormalForm(formId) {
console.info('onCastToNormalForm, formId:' + formId);
let storeDB = dataStorage.getStorageSync(this.context.filesDir + 'myStore')
storeDB.putSync('A' + formId, 'false');
storeDB.putSync('B' + formId, 'false');
storeDB.flushSync();
}
onUpdateForm(formId) {
let storeDB = dataStorage.getStorageSync(this.context.filesDir + 'myStore')
let stateA = storeDB.getSync('A' + formId, 'false').toString()
let stateB = storeDB.getSync('B' + formId, 'false').toString()
// Update textA in state A.
if (stateA === 'true') {
let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData({
'textA': 'AAA'
})
formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo)
}
// Update textB in state B.
if (stateB === 'true') {
let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData({
'textB': 'BBB'
})
formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo)
}
}
onFormEvent(formId, message) {
// Store the widget state.
console.info('onFormEvent formId:' + formId + 'msg:' + message);
let storeDB = dataStorage.getStorageSync(this.context.filesDir + 'myStore')
let msg = JSON.parse(message)
if (msg.selectA != undefined) {
console.info('onFormEvent selectA info:' + msg.selectA);
storeDB.putSync('A' + formId, msg.selectA);
}
if (msg.selectB != undefined) {
console.info('onFormEvent selectB info:' + msg.selectB);
storeDB.putSync('B' + formId, msg.selectB);
}
storeDB.flushSync();
}
};
```
> **NOTE**
> When the local database is used for widget information persistence, it is recommended that [TEMPORARY_KEY](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formInfo.md#formparam) be used to determine whether the currently added widget is a normal one in the [onAddForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md#onaddform) lifecycle callback. If the widget is a normal one, the widget information is directly persisted. If the widget is a temporary one, the widget information is persisted when the widget is converted to a normal one ([onCastToNormalForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md#oncasttonormalform)). In addition, the persistent widget information needs to be deleted when the widget is destroyed ([onRemoveForm](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md#onremoveform)), preventing the database size from continuously increasing due to repeated widget addition and deletion.
# Configuring a Widget to Update Periodically
Before configuring a widget to update periodically, enable the periodic update feature by setting the **updateEnabled** field to **true** in the **form_config.json** file.
The widget framework provides the following modes of updating widgets periodically:
- Set the update interval: The widget will be updated at the specified interval. You can specify the interval by setting the [updateDuration](arkts-ui-widget-configuration.md) field in the **form_config.json** file. For example, you can configure the widget to update once an hour.
> **NOTE**
>
> **updateDuration** takes precedence over **scheduledUpdateTime**. If both are specified, the value specified by **updateDuration** is used.
```json
{
"forms": [
{
"name": "widget",
"description": "This is a service widget.",
"src": "./ets/widget/pages/WidgetCard.ets",
"uiSyntax": "arkts",
"window": {
"designWidth": 720,
"autoDesignWidth": true
},
"colorMode": "auto",
"isDefault": true,
"updateEnabled": true, // Enable the periodic update feature.
"scheduledUpdateTime": "10:30",
"updateDuration": 2, // Set the interval to update the widget. The value is a natural number, in the unit of 30 minutes.
"defaultDimension": "2*2",
"supportDimensions": ["2*2"]
}
]
}
```
- Set the scheduled update time: The widget will be updated at the scheduled time every day. You can specify the time by setting the [scheduledUpdateTime](arkts-ui-widget-configuration.md) field in the **form_config.json** file. For example, you can configure the widget to update at 10:30 a.m. every day.
> **NOTE**
>
> **updateDuration** takes precedence over **scheduledUpdateTime**. For the **scheduledUpdateTime** settings to take effect, set **updateDuration** to **0**.
```json
{
"forms": [
{
"name": "widget",
"description": "This is a service widget.",
"src": "./ets/widget/pages/WidgetCard.ets",
"uiSyntax": "arkts",
"window": {
"designWidth": 720,
"autoDesignWidth": true
},
"colorMode": "auto",
"isDefault": true,
"updateEnabled": true, // Enable the periodic update feature.
"scheduledUpdateTime": "10:30", // Set the scheduled time to update the widget.
"updateDuration": 0,
"defaultDimension": "2*2",
"supportDimensions": ["2*2"]
}
]
}
```
- Set the next update time: The widget will be updated next time at the specified time. You can specify the time by calling the [setFormNextRefreshTime()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md#setformnextrefreshtime) API. The minimum update interval is 5 minutes. For example, you can configure the widget to update within 5 minutes after the API is called.
```ts
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
let formId = '123456789'; // Use the actual widget ID in real-world scenarios.
try {
// Configure the widget to update in 5 minutes.
formProvider.setFormNextRefreshTime(formId, 5, (err, data) => {
if (err) {
console.error(`Failed to setFormNextRefreshTime. Code: ${err.code}, message: ${err.message}`);
return;
} else {
console.info('Succeeded in setFormNextRefreshTimeing.');
}
});
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to setFormNextRefreshTime. Code: ${err.code}, message: ${err.message}`);
}
```
When periodic update is triggered, the system calls the [onUpdateForm()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md#onupdateform) lifecycle callback of the FormExtensionAbility. In the callback, [updateForm()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md#updateform) can be used to update the widget by the provider. For details about how to use **onUpdateForm()**, see [Updating Widget Content Through FormExtensionAbility](arkts-ui-widget-event-formextensionability.md).
> **NOTE**
> 1. Each widget can be updated at the specified interval for a maximum of 50 times every day, including updates triggered by setting [updateDuration](arkts-ui-widget-configuration.md) or calling [setFormNextRefreshTime()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md#setformnextrefreshtime). When the limit is reached, the widget cannot be updated in this mode again. The number of update times is reset at 00:00 every day.
>
> 2. The same timer is used for timing updates at the specified interval. Therefore, the first scheduled update of widgets may have a maximum deviation of 30 minutes. For example, the first widget A (updated every half an hour) is added at 03:20. The timer starts and triggers an update every half an hour. The second widget B (updated every half an hour) is added at 03:40. When the timer event is triggered at 03:50, widget A is updated, and widget B will be updated at 04:20 next time.
>
> 3. Updates at the specified interval and updates at the scheduled time are triggered only when the screen is on. When the screen is off, the update action is merely recorded. When the screen is on, the update action is performed.
# ArkTS Widget Working Principles
## Implementation Principles
**Figure 1** ArkTS widget implementation principles
![WidgetPrinciple](figures/WidgetPrinciple.png)
- Widget host: an application that displays the widget content and controls the widget location. Only the system application can function as a widget host.
- Widget provider: an application that provides the widget content to display and controls how widget components are laid out and how they interact with users.
- Widget Manager: a resident agent that manages widgets in the system. It provides the [formProvider](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formProvider.md) and [formHost](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formHost.md) APIs as well as widget management, usage, and periodic updates.
- Widget rendering service: a service that manages widget rendering instances. Widget rendering instances are bound to the [widget components](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-basic-components-formcomponent.md) on the widget host on a one-to-one basis. The widget rendering service runs the widget page code **widgets.abc** for rendering, and sends the rendered data to the corresponding widget component on the widget host.
**Figure 2** Working principles of the ArkTS widget rendering service
![WidgetRender](figures/WidgetRender.png)
Unlike JS widgets, ArkTS widgets support logic code running. To avoid potential ArkTS widget issues from affecting the use of applications, the widget page code **widgets.abc** is executed by the widget rendering service, which is managed by the Widget Manager. Each widget component of a widget host corresponds to a rendering instance in the widget rendering service. Rendering instances of an application provider run in the same virtual machine operating environment, and rendering instances of different application providers run in different virtual machine operating environments. In this way, the resources and state data are isolated between widgets of different application providers. During development, pay attention to the use of the [globalThis](uiability-data-sync-with-ui.md#using-globalthis-between-uiability-and-page) object. Use one **globalThis** object for widgets by the same application provider, and different **globalThis** objects for widgets by different application providers.
## Advantages of ArkTS Widgets
As a quick entry to applications, ArkTS widgets have the following advantages over JS widgets:
- Improved development experience and efficiency, thanks to the unified development paradigm
ArkTS widgets share the same declarative UI development framework as application pages. This means that the page layouts can be directly reused in widgets, improving development experience and efficiency.
**Figure 3** Comparison of widget project structures
![WidgetProject](figures/WidgetProject.png)
- More widget features
- Animation: The ArkTS widget supports the [attribute animation](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-animatorproperty.md) and [explicit animation](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-explicit-animation.md) capabilities, which can be leveraged to deliver a more engaging experience.
- Custom drawing: The ArkTS widget allows you to draw graphics with the [Canvas](../reference/arkui-ts/ts-components-canvas-canvas.md) component to present information more vividly.
- Logic code execution: The capability to run logic code in widgets means that service logic can be self-closed in widgets, expanding the service application scenarios of widgets.
## Constraints on ArkTS Widgets
Compared with JS widgets, ArkTS widgets provide more capabilities, but they are also more prone to malicious behavior. The ArkTS widget is displayed in the widget host, which is usually the home screen. To ensure user experience and power consumption, the ArkTS widget capability is restricted as follows:
- The .so file cannot be loaded.
- The native programming language cannot be used for development.
- Only [partial](arkts-ui-widget-page-overview.md) components, events, animations, data management, state management, and API capabilities of the declarative paradigm are supported.
- The event processing of the widget is independent of that of the widget host. It is recommended that you do not use the left and right sliding components when the widget host supports left and right swipes to prevent gesture conflicts.
The following features are coming to ArkTS widgets in later versions:
- Breakpoint debugging
- import statements
- Instant preview
# Removing Sticky Common Events
## When to Use
Subscribers can receive sticky common events that have been sent. If the events are no longer forwarded, the event publisher needs to remove them. OpenHarmony provides an API for removing sticky common events.
## Available APIs
For details, see [Common Event](../reference/apis/js-apis-commonEventManager.md)
| Name| Description|
| -------- | -------- |
| removeStickyCommonEvent(event: string, callback: AsyncCallback\<void>): void | Removes a sticky common event.|
## How to Develop
1. Import the module.
```ts
import commonEventManager from '@ohos.commonEventManager';
```
2. The sticky common event to be removed must have been released by the application. For details about how to release sticky common events, see [Publishing Common Events](common-event-publish.md).
```ts
CommonEventManager.removeStickyCommonEvent("sticky_event", (err) => { // sticky_event indicates the name of the sticky common event to remove.
if (err) {
console.info(`Remove sticky event AsyncCallback failed, errCode: ${err.code}, errMes: ${err.message}`);
return;
}
console.info(`Remove sticky event AsyncCallback success`);
}
});
```
......@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ In view of this, OpenHarmony formulates a set of component startup rules, as fol
- **Before starting a component of another application, verify the visible field of the target component.**
- If the **visible** field of the target component is **false**, verify the **ohos.permission.START_INVISIBLE_ABILITY** permission.
- For details, see [Component Visible Configuration](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md#abilities).
- If the **exported** field of the target component is **false**, verify the **ohos.permission.START_INVISIBLE_ABILITY** permission.
- For details, see [Component exported Configuration](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md#abilities).
- **Before starting a component of a background application, verify the BACKGROUND permission.**
- An application is considered as a foreground application only when the application process gains focus or its UIAbility component is running in the foreground.
- Verify the **ohos.permission.START_ABILITIES_FROM_BACKGROUND** permission.
- **When the startAbilityByCall() method is used, verify the call permission.** For details, see [Using Ability Call to Implement UIAbility Interaction](uiability-intra-device-interaction.md#using-ability-call-to-implement-uiability-interaction) and [Using Cross-Device Ability Call](hop-multi-device-collaboration.md#using-cross-device-ability-call).
- **When the startAbilityByCall() method is used, verify the call permission.** For details, see [Using Call to Implement UIAbility Interaction](uiability-intra-device-interaction.md#using-call-to-implement-uiability-interaction) and [Using Cross-Device Call](hop-multi-device-collaboration.md#using-cross-device-call).
- Verify the **ohos.permission.ABILITY_BACKGROUND_COMMUNICATION** permission.
......
......@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| [getOrCreateLocalDir(callback:AsyncCallback&lt;string&gt;):void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetorcreatelocaldir7)<br>[getOrCreateLocalDir():Promise&lt;string&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetorcreatelocaldir7-1) | There is no corresponding API in the stage model.| Applications developed on the stage model do not have the operation permission in the application root directory. Therefore, no corresponding API is provided.|
| [verifyPermission(permission:string,options:PermissionOptions,callback:AsyncCallback&lt;number&gt;):void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextverifypermission7)<br>[verifyPermission(permission:string,callback:AsyncCallback&lt;number&gt;):void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextverifypermission7-1)<br>[verifyPermission(permission:string,options?:PermissionOptions):Promise&lt;number&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextverifypermission7-2) | \@ohos.abilityAccessCtrl.d.ts | [verifyAccessTokenSync(tokenID: number, permissionName: Permissions): GrantStatus;](../reference/apis/js-apis-abilityAccessCtrl.md#verifyaccesstokensync9)<br>[verifyAccessToken(tokenID: number, permissionName: Permissions): Promise&lt;GrantStatus&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-abilityAccessCtrl.md#verifyaccesstoken9) |
| [requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions:Array&lt;string&gt;,requestCode:number,resultCallback:AsyncCallback&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;):void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextrequestpermissionsfromuser7)<br>[requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions:Array&lt;string&gt;,requestCode:number):Promise&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextrequestpermissionsfromuser7-1) | application\UIAbilityContext.d.ts | [requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions: Array&lt;string&gt;, requestCallback: AsyncCallback&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;) : void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#abilitycontextrequestpermissionsfromuser)<br>[requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions: Array&lt;string&gt;) : Promise&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#abilitycontextrequestpermissionsfromuser-1) |
| [requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions:Array&lt;string&gt;,requestCode:number,resultCallback:AsyncCallback&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;):void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextrequestpermissionsfromuser7)<br/>[requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions:Array&lt;string&gt;,requestCode:number):Promise&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextrequestpermissionsfromuser7-1) | \@ohos.abilityAccessCtrl.d.ts | [requestPermissionsFromUser(context: Context, permissionList: Array&lt;Permissions&gt;, requestCallback: AsyncCallback&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;) : void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-abilityAccessCtrl.md#requestpermissionsfromuser9)<br/>[requestPermissionsFromUser(context: Context, permissionList: Array&lt;Permissions&gt;) : Promise&lt;PermissionRequestResult&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-abilityAccessCtrl.md#requestpermissionsfromuser9-1) |
| [getApplicationInfo(callback:AsyncCallback&lt;ApplicationInfo&gt;):void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetapplicationinfo7)<br>[getApplicationInfo():Promise&lt;ApplicationInfo&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetapplicationinfo7-1) | application\Context.d.ts | [applicationInfo: ApplicationInfo;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-context.md#attributes)|
| [getBundleName(callback : AsyncCallback&lt;string&gt;): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetbundlename7)<br>[getBundleName(): Promise&lt;string&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetbundlename7-1) | application\UIAbilityContext.d.ts | [abilityInfo.bundleName: string;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#attributes)|
| [getDisplayOrientation(callback : AsyncCallback&lt;bundle.DisplayOrientation&gt;): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetdisplayorientation7)<br>[getDisplayOrientation(): Promise&lt;bundle.DisplayOrientation&gt;;](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-app-context.md#contextgetdisplayorientation7-1) | \@ohos.screen.d.ts | [readonly orientation: Orientation;](../reference/apis/js-apis-screen.md#orientation) |
......
......@@ -76,22 +76,22 @@ In the FA model, you can call **getContext** of **featureAbility** to obtain the
The following code snippet shows how to use **getContext()** to obtain the application context and distributed directory:
```ts
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
import fileIo from '@ohos.fileio'
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
(async () => {
let dir: string
let dir: string;
try {
console.info('Begin to getOrCreateDistributedDir')
dir = await featureAbility.getContext().getOrCreateDistributedDir()
console.info('Begin to getOrCreateDistributedDir');
dir = await featureAbility.getContext().getOrCreateDistributedDir();
console.info('distribute dir is ' + dir)
} catch (error) {
console.error('getOrCreateDistributedDir failed with ' + error)
console.error('getOrCreateDistributedDir failed with ' + error);
}
let fd: number;
let path = dir + "/a.txt";
fd = fileIo.openSync(path, 0o2 | 0o100, 0o666);
fileIo.close(fd);
fd = fs.openSync(path, fs.OpenMode.READ_WRITE).fd;
fs.close(fd);
})()
```
......@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@
Users often need to share data (such as a text or an image) from one application to another. The following uses PDF file sharing as an example to describe how to use Want to share data between applications.
Data sharing requires two UIAbility components (one for the sharing party and the other for the shared party) and one system component (used as the application selector). When the sharing party initiates data sharing by calling **startAbility()**, the system implicitly matches and displays all applications that support the type of data to share. After the user selects an application, the system starts the application to complete data sharing.
Data sharing requires two UIAbility components (one for the sharing party and the other for the shared party) and one system component (used as the application sharing box). When the sharing party initiates data sharing by calling **startAbility()**, the system implicitly matches and displays all applications that support the type of data to share. After the user selects an application, the system starts the application to complete data sharing.
In this section, data sharing is triggered by touching a button. You can use other ways to trigger data sharing during application development. This section focuses on how to configure Want to implement data sharing.
The following actions are involved for data sharing:
- **ohos.want.action.select**: action of starting the application selector.
- **ohos.want.action.select**: action of starting the application sharing box.
- **ohos.want.action.sendData**: action of sending a single data record, that is, transferring data to the shared party.
## Sharing Party
The sharing party starts an application selector and transfers the data to the shared party. Therefore, Want of the sharing party must be nested at two layers. In the first layer, implicit Want is used together with the **ohos.want.action.select** action to display the application selector. In the second layer, the data to share is declared
The sharing party starts an application sharing box and transfers the data to the shared party. Therefore, Want of the sharing party must be nested at two layers. In the first layer, implicit Want is used together with the **ohos.want.action.select** action to display the application sharing box. In the second layer, the data to share is declared
in the custom field **parameters**, and then the Want that includes the **ohos.want.action.sendData** action and the **parameters** field is transferred to the application selector. The shared party obtains the shared data from **parameters**.
in the custom field **parameters**, and then the Want that includes the **ohos.want.action.sendData** action and the **parameters** field is transferred to the application sharing box. The shared party obtains the shared data from **parameters**.
```ts
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
......@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ let fileSize; // Obtain the size of the file to share.
function implicitStartAbility() {
let context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
let wantInfo = {
/ This action is used to implicitly match the application selector.
/ This action is used to implicitly match the application sharing box.
action: 'ohos.want.action.select',
// This is the custom parameter in the first layer of Want,
/ which is intended to add information to the application selector.
/ which is intended to add information to the application sharing box.
parameters: {
// MIME type of PDF.
"ability.picker.type": fileType,
"ability.picker.fileNames": [fileName],
"ability.picker.fileSizes": [fileSize],
'ability.picker.type': fileType,
'ability.picker.fileNames': [fileName],
'ability.picker.fileSizes': [fileSize],
// This is nested Want ,which will be directly sent to the selected application.
"ability.want.params.INTENT": {
"action": "ohos.want.action.sendData",
"type": "application/pdf",
"parameters": {
"keyFd": { "type": "FD", "value": fileFd }
'ability.want.params.INTENT': {
'action': 'ohos.want.action.sendData',
'type': 'application/pdf',
'parameters': {
'keyFd': { 'type': 'FD', 'value': fileFd }
}
}
}
......@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function implicitStartAbility() {
>
> Data sharing can be implemented only in FD format. For details about how to obtain the FD and file name, see [File Management](../reference/apis/js-apis-file-fs.md).
In the preceding code, under the custom field **parameters**, the following **ability.picker.*** fields are used to pass the information to be displayed on the application selector:
In the preceding code, under the custom field **parameters**, the following **ability.picker.*** fields are used to pass the information to be displayed on the application sharing box:
- **ability.picker.type**: file type icon.
- **ability.picker.fileNames**: file name.
......@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ In the preceding code, under the custom field **parameters**, the following **ab
- **ability.picker.fileNames** and **ability.picker.fileSizes** are arrays and have a one-to-one mapping.
The following figure shows an example.
![](figures/ability-startup-with-implicit-want2.png)
## Shared Party
......
# DataShareExtensionAbility (for System Applications Only)
DataShareExtensionAbility provides the data sharing capability. System applications can implement a DataShareExtensionAbility or access an existing DataShareExtensionAbility in the system. Third-party applications can only access an existing DataShareExtensionAbility. For details, see [DataShare Development](../database/database-datashare-guidelines.md).
DataShareExtensionAbility provides the data sharing capability. System applications can implement a DataShareExtensionAbility or access an existing DataShareExtensionAbility in the system. Third-party applications can only access an existing DataShareExtensionAbility. For details, see [Cross-Application Data Sharing Overview](../database/share-device-data-across-apps-overview.md).
......@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility is a mandatory component for Mobile Device Manag
## Constraints
- **Function constraints**
EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility is applicable only to enterprise administrator applications.
EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility is applicable only to enterprise administrator applications.
## Observing Activation/Deactivation of a Device Administrator Application and Installation/Removal of an Application
......@@ -26,10 +23,10 @@ EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility is a mandatory component for Mobile Device Manag
### Available APIs
| Class | API | Description |
| :------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| ------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility | onAdminEnabled(): void | Called when a device administrator application is activated. |
| EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility | onAdminDisabled(): void | Called when a device administrator application is deactivated.|
| EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility | onBundleAdded(bundleName: string): void | Called when an application is installed on a device. |
| EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility | onAdminEnabled(): void | Called when a device administrator application is activated. |
| EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility | onBundleRemoved(bundleName: string): void | Called when an application is removed from a device. |
### How to Develop
......@@ -78,10 +75,9 @@ To implement EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility, you need to activate the device ad
## Example
Use **subscribeManagedEvent()** and **unsubscribeManagedEvent()** in the **@ohos.enterprise.adminManager** module to subscribe to application installation and removal events. When an application is installed or removed, the MDM application is notified of the event. Then, the MDM application reports the event in the callback to notify the enterprise administrator.
Use **subscribeManagedEvent** in the **@ohos.enterprise.adminManager** module to subscribe to application installation and removal events. When an application is installed or removed, the MDM application is notified of the event. Then, the MDM application reports the event in the callback to notify the enterprise administrator. To unsubscribe from events, use **unsubscribeManagedEvent**.
```ts
@State managedEvents: Array<adminManager.ManagedEvent> = [0,1]
@State subscribeManagedEventMsg: string = ""
@State unsubscribeManagedEventMsg: string = ""
......
......@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ The system matches the **entities** attribute in the **want** parameter passed b
- If **entities** in the passed **want** parameter is specified, and **entities** under **skills** of an ability is specified but does not contain **entities** in the passed **want** parameter, the matching fails.
Figure 2 Matching rule of entities in the want parameter
**Figure 2** Matching rule of entities in the want parameter
![want-entities](figures/want-entities.png)
......@@ -88,10 +88,6 @@ The system matches the **entities** attribute in the **want** parameter passed b
When the **uri** and **type** parameters are specified in the **want** parameter to initiate a component startup request, the system traverses the list of installed components and matches the **uris** array under **skills** of the abilities one by one. If one of the **uris** arrays under **skills** matches the **uri** and **type** in the passed **want**, the matching is successful.
Figure 3 Matching rules when uri and type are specified in the want parameter
![want-uri-type1](figures/want-uri-type1.png)
There are four combinations of **uri** and **type** settings. The matching rules are as follows:
- Neither **uri** or **type** is specified in the **want** parameter.
......@@ -111,11 +107,17 @@ There are four combinations of **uri** and **type** settings. The matching rules
- If the **uris** array under **skills** of an ability is unspecified, the matching fails.
- If the **uris** array under **skills** of an ability contains an element whose [uri is matched](#matching-rules-of-uri) and [type is matched](#matching-rules-of-type), the matching is successful. Otherwise, the matching fails.
Leftmost URI matching: When only **scheme**, a combination of **scheme** and **host**, or a combination of **scheme**, **host**, and **port** is configured in the **uris** array under **skills** of the ability,
the matching is successful only if the leftmost URI in the passed **want** parameter matches **scheme**, the combination of **scheme** and **host**, or the combination of **scheme**, **host**, and **port**.
To simplify the description, **uri** and **type** passed in the **want** parameter are called **w_uri** and **w_type**, respectively; the **uris** array under **skills** of an ability to match is called **s_uris**; each element in the array is called **s_uri**. Matching is performed from top to bottom.
**Figure 3** Matching rules when uri and type are specified in the want parameter
![want-uri-type1](figures/want-uri-type1.png)
Figure 4 Matching rules of uri and type in the want parameter
To simplify the description, **uri** and **type** passed in the **want** parameter are called **w_uri** and **w_type**, respectively; the **uris** array under **skills** of an ability to match is called **s_uris**; each element in the array is called **s_uri**. Matching is performed from top to bottom.
**Figure 4** Matching rules of uri and type in the want parameter
![want-uri-type2](figures/want-uri-type2.png)
......@@ -128,7 +130,9 @@ To simplify the description, **uri** in the passed **want** parameter is called
- If **host** of **s_uri** is unspecified and **scheme** of **w_uri** and **scheme** of **s_uri** are the same, the matching is successful. Otherwise, the matching fails.
- If **path**, **pathStartWith**, and **pathRegex** of **s_uri** are unspecified and **w_uri** and **s_uri** are the same, the matching is successful. Otherwise, the matching fails.
- If **port** of **s_uri** is unspecified and the combination of **scheme** and **host** of **w_uri** is the same as the combination of **scheme** and **host** of **s_uri**, the matching is successful. Otherwise, the matching fails.
- If **path**, **pathStartWith**, and **pathRegex** of **s_uri** are unspecified and the combination of **scheme**, **host**, and **port** of **w_uri** is the same as the combination of **scheme**, **host**, and **port** of **s_uri**, the matching is successful. Otherwise, the matching fails.
- If **path** of **s_uri** is specified and the **full path expressions** of **w_uri** and **s_uri** are the same, the matching is successful. Otherwise, the matching of **pathStartWith** continues.
......@@ -145,6 +149,11 @@ To simplify the description, **uri** in the passed **want** parameter is called
> - **Prefix expression**: `scheme://host:port/pathStartWith`
>
> - **Regular expression**: `scheme://host:port/pathRegex`
>
> - **Prefix URI expression**: When only **scheme**, a combination of **scheme** and **host**, or a combination of **scheme**, **host**, and **port** is configured in the configuration file, the matching is successful if a URI prefixed with the configuration file is passed in.
> * `scheme://`
> * `scheme://host`
> * `scheme://host:port`
### Matching Rules of type
......
......@@ -25,6 +25,13 @@ An [ExtensionAbilityType](../reference/apis/js-apis-bundleManager.md#extensionab
- [EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-EnterpriseAdminExtensionAbility.md): ExtensionAbility component of the enterprise_admin type, which provides APIs for processing enterprise management events, such as application installation events on devices and events indicating too many incorrect screen-lock password attempts.
> **NOTE**
>
> 1. Third-party applications cannot implement ServiceExtensionAbility, DataShareExtensionAbility, StaticSubscriberExtensionAbility, or WindowExtensionAbility.
>
> 2. To implement transaction processing in the background for a third-party application, use background tasks rather than ServiceExtensionAbility. For details, see [Background Task](../task-management/background-task-overview.md).
>
> 3. Third-party applications can use other types of ExtensionAbility components that have been defined.
## Using ExtensionAbility of the Specified Type
......@@ -39,7 +46,7 @@ The following uses [InputMethodExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-input
## Implementing ExtensionAbility of the Specified Type
The following uses [FormExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md) as an example. The widget framework provides the base class [FormExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md). You derive this base class to create your own class (such as **MyFormExtensionAbility**), implement the callbacks, such as **onCreate()** and **onUpdateForm()**, to provide specific widget functionalities. For details, see [FormExtensionAbility](Widget-development-stage.md).
The following uses [FormExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md) as an example. The widget framework provides the base class [FormExtensionAbility](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-form-formExtensionAbility.md). You derive this base class to create your own class (such as **MyFormExtensionAbility**), implement the callbacks, such as **onCreate()** and **onUpdateForm()**, to provide specific widget functionalities. For details, see [FormExtensionAbility](service-widget-overview.md).
You do not need to care when to add or delete a widget. The lifecycle of the FormExtensionAbility instance and the lifecycle of the ExtensionAbility process where the FormExtensionAbility instance is located are scheduled and managed by FormManagerService.
......@@ -57,3 +64,5 @@ You do not need to care when to add or delete a widget. The lifecycle of the For
> - The two FormExtensionAbility components run in an independent process.
>
> - The two ImeExtensionAbility components run in an independent process.
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
# Cross-Device Migration (for System Applications Only)]
# Cross-Device Migration (for System Applications Only)
## When to Use
......@@ -47,25 +47,16 @@ The table below describes the main APIs used for cross-device migration. For det
## How to Develop
1. Configure the data synchronization permission in the **module.json5** file. The sample code is as follows:
1. Request the **ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC** permission. For details, see [Declaring Permissions in the Configuration File](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
```json
{
"module": {
"requestPermissions":[
{
"name" : "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC",
}
]
}
}
```
2. Configure the fields related to cross-device migration in the configuration file.
- Configure the application to support migration.
2. Display a dialog box to ask authorization from the user when the application is started for the first time. For details, see [Requesting User Authorization](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#requesting-user-authorization).
3. Configure the fields related to cross-device migration in the configuration file.
Configure the application to support migration.
Set the **continuable** field in the **module.json5** file to **true**. The default value is **false**. If this parameter is set to **false**, the application cannot be continued on the target device.
```json
{
"module": {
......@@ -80,26 +71,10 @@ The table below describes the main APIs used for cross-device migration. For det
}
```
- Configure the application launch type. For details, see [UIAbility Component Launch Type](uiability-launch-type.md).
3. Request the data synchronization permission. The sample code for displaying a dialog box to request the permission is as follows:
```ts
requestPermission() {
let context = this.context
let permissions: Array<string> = ['ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC']
context.requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions).then((data) => {
console.info("Succeed to request permission from user with data: "+ JSON.stringify(data))
}).catch((error) => {
console.info("Failed to request permission from user with error: "+ JSON.stringify(error))
})
}
```
Configure the application launch type. For details, see [UIAbility Component Launch Type](uiability-launch-type.md).
4. Implement [onContinue()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityoncontinue) in the UIAbility of the initiator.
[onContinue()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityoncontinue) is called on the initiator. You can save the data in this method to implement application compatibility check and migration decision.
- Saving migrated data: You can save the data to be migrated in key-value pairs in **wantParam**.
- Checking application compatibility: You can obtain the version number of the target application from **wantParam** and check the compatibility between the target application and the current application.
......
......@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ In the **ets** directory of the target module, right-click and choose **New** >
> **NOTE**
>
> When compiling the input method application, use the signature at the system_core level. Otherwise, the application will not be able to start the keyboard.
> When compiling the input method application, use the signature at the system_basic level. Otherwise, the application will not be able to start the keyboard.
The minimum template implements an input method application with the most basic features, such as starting the keyboard, entering text, and deleting input. You can diversify the feature set of the application by, for example, adding the feature to hide the keyboard.
......
# LifecycleApp Switching
| API in the FA Model| Corresponding d.ts File in the Stage Model| Corresponding API in the Stage Model|
| API in the FA Model| Corresponding d.ts File in the Stage Model| Corresponding API in the Stage Model|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| onShow?(): void; | \@ohos.window.d.ts | [on(eventType: 'windowStageEvent', callback: Callback&lt;WindowStageEventType&gt;): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-window.md#onwindowstageevent9)<br>Listens for the switching to the [foreground](../reference/apis/js-apis-window.md#windowstageeventtype9).|
| onHide?(): void; | \@ohos.window.d.ts | [on(eventType: 'windowStageEvent', callback: Callback&lt;WindowStageEventType&gt;): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-window.md#onwindowstageevent9)<br>Listens for the switching to the [background](../reference/apis/js-apis-window.md#windowstageeventtype9).|
......@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
| onStartContinuation?(): boolean; | There is no corresponding API in the stage model.| In the stage model, an application does not need to detect whether the continuation is successful (detected when the application initiates the continuation request). Therefore, the **onStartContinuation()** callback is deprecated.|
| onSaveData?(data: Object): boolean; | \@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility.d.ts | [onContinue(wantParam : {[key: string]: any}): AbilityConstant.OnContinueResult;](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityoncontinue) |
| onCompleteContinuation?(result: number): void; | application\ContinueCallback.d.ts | [onContinueDone(result: number): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-distributedMissionManager.md#continuecallback) |
| onRestoreData?(data: Object): void; | \@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility.d.ts | [onCreate(want: Want, param: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityoncreate)<br>[onNewWant(want: Want, launchParams: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityonnewwant)<br>In standard or singleton mode, the target ability completes data restoration in the **onCreate()** callback. In the callback, **launchParam.launchReason** is used to determine whether it is a continuation-based launch scenario. If it is, the data saved before continuation can be obtained from the **want** parameter.|
| onRestoreData?(data: Object): void; | \@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility.d.ts | [onCreate(want: Want, param: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityoncreate)<br>[onNewWant(want: Want, launchParams: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityonnewwant)<br>In multiton or singleton mode, the target ability completes data restoration in the **onCreate()** callback. In the callback, **launchParam.launchReason** is used to determine whether it is a continuation-based launch scenario. If it is, the data saved before continuation can be obtained from the **want** parameter.|
| onRemoteTerminated?(): void; | application\ContinueCallback.d.ts | [onContinueDone(result: number): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-distributedMissionManager.md#continuecallback) |
| onSaveAbilityState?(outState: PacMap): void; | \@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility.d.ts | [onSaveState(reason: AbilityConstant.StateType, wantParam : {[key: string]: any}): AbilityConstant.OnSaveResult;](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityonsavestate) |
| onRestoreAbilityState?(inState: PacMap): void; | \@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility.d.ts | [onCreate(want: Want, param: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void;](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityoncreate)<br>After the application is restarted, the **onCreate()** callback is triggered. In the callback, **launchParam.launchReason** is used to determine whether it is a self-recovery scenario. If it is, the data saved before the restart can be obtained from the **want** parameter.|
......
......@@ -8,16 +8,19 @@ The following describes how the mission list manager manages the UIAbility insta
- **singleton**: Only one UIAbility instance exists for an application.
**Figure 1** Missions and singleton mode
![mission-and-singleton](figures/mission-and-singleton.png)
- **standard**: Each time [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called, a **UIAbility** instance is created in the application process.
- **multiton**: Each time [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called, a **UIAbility** instance is created in the application process.
**Figure 2** Missions and multiton mode
**Figure 2** Missions and standard mode
![mission-and-standard](figures/mission-and-standard.png)
![mission-and-multiton](figures/mission-and-multiton.png)
- **specified**: The ([onAcceptWant](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md#abilitystageonacceptwant)) method of [AbilityStage](abilitystage.md) determines whether to create an instance.
- **specified**: The ([onAcceptWant()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md#abilitystageonacceptwant)) method of [AbilityStage](abilitystage.md) determines whether to create an instance.
**Figure 3** Missions and specified mode
![mission-and-specified](figures/mission-and-specified.png)
......
......@@ -30,18 +30,14 @@ Missions are managed by system applications (such as home screen), rather than t
A UIAbility instance corresponds to an independent mission. Therefore, when an application calls [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) to start a UIAbility, a mission is created.
To call [missionManager](../reference/apis/js-apis-application-missionManager.md) to manage missions, the home screen application must request the **ohos.permission.MANAGE_MISSIONS** permission. For details about the configuration, see [Declaring Permissions in the Configuration File](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
To call [missionManager](../reference/apis/js-apis-application-missionManager.md) to manage missions, the home screen application must request the **ohos.permission.MANAGE_MISSIONS** permission. For details about the configuration, see [Permission Application Guide](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
You can use **missionManager** to manage missions, for example, listening for mission changes, obtaining mission information or snapshots, and clearing, locking, or unlocking missions.
```ts
import missionManager from '@ohos.app.ability.missionManager'
You can use **missionManager** to manage missions, for example, listening for mission changes, obtaining mission information or snapshots, and clearing, locking, or unlocking missions. The sample code is as follows:
```ts
import missionManager from '@ohos.app.ability.missionManager'
let listener = {
let listener = {
// Listen for mission creation.
onMissionCreated: function (mission) {
console.info("--------onMissionCreated-------")
......@@ -70,62 +66,64 @@ let listener = {
onMissionClosed: function (mission) {
console.info("--------onMissionClosed-------")
}
};
};
// 1. Register a mission change listener.
let listenerId = missionManager.on('mission', listener);
// 1. Register a mission change listener.
let listenerId = missionManager.on('mission', listener);
// 2. Obtain the latest 20 missions in the system.
missionManager.getMissionInfos("", 20, (error, missions) => {
// 2. Obtain the latest 20 missions in the system.
missionManager.getMissionInfos("", 20, (error, missions) => {
console.info("getMissionInfos is called, error.code = " + error.code);
console.info("size = " + missions.length);
console.info("missions = " + JSON.stringify(missions));
});
});
// 3. Obtain the detailed information about a mission.
let missionId = 11; // The mission ID 11 is only an example.
let mission = missionManager.getMissionInfo("", missionId).catch(function (err) {
// 3. Obtain the detailed information about a mission.
let missionId = 11; // The mission ID 11 is only an example.
let mission = missionManager.getMissionInfo("", missionId).catch(function (err) {
console.info(err);
});
});
// 4. Obtain the mission snapshot.
missionManager.getMissionSnapShot("", missionId, (error, snapshot) => {
// 4. Obtain the mission snapshot.
missionManager.getMissionSnapShot("", missionId, (error, snapshot) => {
console.info("getMissionSnapShot is called, error.code = " + error.code);
console.info("bundleName = " + snapshot.ability.bundleName);
})
})
// 5. Obtain the low-resolution mission snapshot.
missionManager.getLowResolutionMissionSnapShot("", missionId, (error, snapshot) => {
// 5. Obtain the low-resolution mission snapshot.
missionManager.getLowResolutionMissionSnapShot("", missionId, (error, snapshot) => {
console.info("getLowResolutionMissionSnapShot is called, error.code = " + error.code);
console.info("bundleName = " + snapshot.ability.bundleName);
})
})
// 6. Lock or unlock the mission.
missionManager.lockMission(missionId).then(() => {
// 6. Lock or unlock the mission.
missionManager.lockMission(missionId).then(() => {
console.info("lockMission is called ");
});
});
missionManager.unlockMission(missionId).then(() => {
missionManager.unlockMission(missionId).then(() => {
console.info("unlockMission is called ");
});
});
// 7. Switch the mission to the foreground.
missionManager.moveMissionToFront(missionId).then(() => {
// 7. Switch the mission to the foreground.
missionManager.moveMissionToFront(missionId).then(() => {
console.info("moveMissionToFront is called ");
});
});
// 8. Clear a single mission.
missionManager.clearMission(missionId).then(() => {
// 8. Clear a single mission.
missionManager.clearMission(missionId).then(() => {
console.info("clearMission is called ");
});
});
// 9. Clear all missions.
missionManager.clearAllMissions().catch(function (err) {
// 9. Clear all missions.
missionManager.clearAllMissions().catch(function (err) {
console.info(err);
});
});
// 10. Deregister the mission change listener.
missionManager.off('mission', listenerId, (error) => {
// 10. Deregister the mission change listener.
missionManager.off('mission', listenerId, (error) => {
console.info("unregisterMissionListener");
})
```
})
```
......@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Figure 1 Mission snapshot of a UIAbility
![](figures/mission-list-recent.png)
You can also use [UIAbilityContext.setMissionIcon()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextsetmissionicon) and [UIAbilityContext.setMissionLabel()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextsetmissionlabel) to customize the icon and name for a mission snapshot. For example, for a UIAbility instance with the launch type set to **standard**, you can configure the icon and name for each mission snapshot based on different functions.
You can also use [UIAbilityContext.setMissionIcon()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextsetmissionicon) and [UIAbilityContext.setMissionLabel()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextsetmissionlabel) to customize the icon and name for a mission snapshot. For example, for a UIAbility instance in multiton mode, you can configure the icon and name for each mission snapshot based on different functions.
This document describes the following operations:
......
......@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
When switching an application from the FA model to the stage model, you must migrate the configurations under the **module** tag in the **config.json** file to the **module** tag in the **module.json5** file.
### **Table 1** module comparison
### Table 1 module Comparison
| Field Name in the FA Model| Field Description| Field Name in the Stage Model| Difference|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
......@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ When switching an application from the FA model to the stage model, you must mig
| shortcuts | Shortcuts of the application.| shortcut_config.json| In the stage model, the **shortcut_config.json** file is defined in **resources/base/profile** in the development view.|
| reqPermissions | Permissions that the application requests from the system when it is running.| requestPermissions | The field name is changed.|
| colorMode | Color mode of the application.| / | This configuration is not supported in the stage model.|
| distroFilter | Distribution rules of the application.| distroFilter_config.json| In the stage model, the **distroFilter_config.json** file is defined in **resources/base/profile** in the development view.|
| distributionFilter | Distribution rules of the application.| distroFilter_config.json| In the stage model, the **distroFilter_config.json** file is defined in **resources/base/profile** in the development view.|
| reqCapabilities | Device capabilities required for running the application.| / | This configuration is not supported in the stage model.|
| commonEvents | Common events.| common_event_config.json| In the stage model, the **common_event_config.json** file is defined in **resources/base/profile** in the development view.|
| entryTheme | Keyword of an OpenHarmony internal theme.| / | This configuration is not supported in the stage model.|
### Table 2 metaData comparison
### Table 2 metaData Comparison
| Field Name Under metaData in the FA Model| Field Description| Field Name Under metaData in the Stage Model| Difference|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
......@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ When switching an application from the FA model to the stage model, you must mig
| results | Metadata of the ability return value.| / | This configuration is not supported in the stage model.|
| customizeData | Custom metadata of the parent component. **parameters** and **results** cannot be configured in **application**.| metadata | See [Table 3](#table-3-comparison-between-customizedata-under-metadata-in-the-fa-model-and-metadata-in-the-stage-model).|
### Table 3 Comparison between customizeData under metaData in the FA model and metadata in the stage model
### Table 3 Comparison Between customizeData Under metaData in the FA Model and metadata in the Stage Model
| Field Name Under customizeData in metaData in the FA Model| Field Description| Field Name Under metaData in the Stage Model| Difference|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
......@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ When switching an application from the FA model to the stage model, you must mig
| extra | Format of the current custom data. The value is the resource value of **extra**.| resource | The field name is changed. For details, see [Table 4](#table 4-metadata-examples).|
### Table 4 metaData examples
### Table 4 metaData Examples
| Example in the FA Model| Example in the Stage Model|
| -------- | -------- |
| "meteData": {<br> "customizeDate": [{<br> "name": "label",<br> "value": "string",<br> "extra": "$string:label",<br> }]<br>} | "meteData": [{<br> "name": "label",<br> "value": "string",<br> "resource": "$string:label",<br>}] |
### Table 5 abilities comparison
### Table 5 abilities Comparison
| Field Name Under abilities in the FA Model| Field Description| Field Name Under abilities in the Stage Model| Difference|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
......@@ -71,5 +71,5 @@ When switching an application from the FA model to the stage model, you must mig
| formsEnabled | Whether the ability can provide widgets.| / | This configuration is not supported in the stage model.|
| forms | Information about the widgets used by the ability. This field is valid only when **formsEnabled** is set to **true**.| form_config.json| In the stage model, the **form_config.json** file is defined in **resources/base/profile** in the development view.|
| srcLanguage | Programming language used to develop the ability.| / | This configuration is not supported in the stage model.|
| srcPath | Path of the JS component code corresponding to the ability.| srcEntrance | Path of the JS code corresponding to the ability.|
| srcPath | Path of the JS component code corresponding to the ability.| srcEntry | Path of the JS code corresponding to the ability.|
| uriPermission | Application data that the ability can access.| / | This configuration is not supported in the stage model.|
......@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Depending on the launch type, the action performed when the PageAbility starts d
**Table 1** PageAbility launch types
| Launch Type| Description|
| -------- | -------- |
| singleton | Each time **startAbility()** is called, if an ability instance of this type already exists in the application process, the instance is reused. There is only one ability instance of this type in **Recents**.<br>A typical scenario is as follows: When a user opens a video playback application and watches a video, returns to the home screen, and opens the video playback application again, the video that the user watched before returning to the home screen is still played.|
| standard | Default type. Each time **startAbility()** is called, a new ability instance is created in the application process. Multiple ability instances of this type are displayed in **Recents**.<br>A typical scenario is as follows: When a user opens a document application and touches **New**, a new document task is created. Multiple new document missions are displayed in **Recents**.|
| Launch Type| Meaning | Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| singleton | Singleton mode| Each time **startAbility()** is called, if an ability instance of this type already exists in the application process, the instance is reused. There is only one ability instance of this type in **Recents**.<br>A typical scenario is as follows: When a user opens a video playback application and watches a video, returns to the home screen, and opens the video playback application again, the video that the user watched before returning to the home screen is still played.|
| standard | Multiton mode| Default type. Each time **startAbility()** is called, a new ability instance is created in the application process. Multiple ability instances of this type are displayed in **Recents**.<br>A typical scenario is as follows: When a user opens a document application and touches **New**, a new document task is created. Multiple new document missions are displayed in **Recents**.|
You can set **launchType** in the **config.json** file to configure the launch type. The sample code is as follows:
......@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ You can set **launchType** in the **config.json** file to configure the launch t
// ...
"abilities": [
{
// singleton mode.
// standard mode.
// singleton means the singleton mode.
// standard means the multiton mode.
"launchType": "standard",
// ...
}
......@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ You can set **launchType** in the **config.json** file to configure the launch t
```
When the PageAbility is started for the first time (either in standard or singleton mode), the [PageAbility lifecycle callbacks](pageability-lifecycle.md#table13118194914476) are triggered. When it is not started for the first time in singleton mode, the **onNewWant()** callback (as described in the table below) is triggered, but the **onCreate()** callback is not.
When the PageAbility is started in multiton mode or it is started in singleton mode for the first time, the [PageAbility lifecycle callbacks](pageability-lifecycle.md#table13118194914476) are triggered. When it is not started for the first time in singleton mode, the **onNewWant()** callback (as described in the table below) is triggered, but the **onCreate()** callback is not.
**Table 2** Callbacks specific to the singleton mode
......
......@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ The OpenHarmony process model is shown below.
> NOTE
>
> You can create ServiceExtensionAbility and DataShareExtensionAbility only for system applications.
> - You can create ServiceExtensionAbility and DataShareExtensionAbility only for system applications.
> - To view information about all running processes, run the **hdc shell** command to enter the shell CLI of the device, and run the **ps -ef** command.
A system application can apply for multi-process permissions (as shown in the following figure) and configure a custom process for an HAP. UIAbility, DataShareExtensionAbility, and ServiceExtensionAbility in the HAP run in the custom process. Different HAPs run in different processes by configuring different process names.
......
......@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ To enable an ability to be called by any application, configure the **config.jso
```
If the ability contains **skills**, you are advised to set **visible** to **true** so that the ability can be [implicitly started](explicit-implicit-want-mappings.md#matching-rules-of-implicit-want) by other applications. If this attribute is set to **false**, the system returns **PERMISSION_DENIED** when other applications attempt to start the ability. In this case, a system application can request the [START_INVISIBLE_ABILITY](../security/permission-list.md) permission to start the ability. Example abilities with **visible** set to **false** are home screen, voice assistant, or search assistant.
If the ability contains **skills**, you are advised to set **visible** to **true** so that the ability can be [implicitly started](explicit-implicit-want-mappings.md) by other applications. If this attribute is set to **false**, the system returns **PERMISSION_DENIED** when other applications attempt to start the ability. In this case, a system application can request the [START_INVISIBLE_ABILITY](../security/permission-list.md) permission to start the ability. Example abilities with **visible** set to **false** are home screen, voice assistant, or search assistant.
......@@ -9,37 +9,7 @@ During application development, you must declare the required permission in the
To declare a permission in **config.json**, add **reqPermissions** under **module** and list the permission.
For example, to request the permission to access the calendar, perform the following steps:
For example, to declare the permission to access the calendar, request the **ohos.permission.READ_CALENDAR** permission. For details, see [Permission Application Guide](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
The sample code in the **config.json** file is as follows:
```json
{
"module": {
// ...
"reqPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.READ_CALENDAR"
// ...
}
]
}
}
```
Request the permission from uses in the form of a dialog box:
```ts
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
let context = featureAbility.getContext();
let permissions: Array<string> = ['ohos.permission.READ_CALENDAR']
context.requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions, 1).then((data) => {
console.info("Succeed to request permission from user with data: " + JSON.stringify(data))
}).catch((error) => {
console.info("Failed to request permission from user with error: " + JSON.stringify(error))
})
```
1. Request the **ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC** permission. For details, see [Declaring Permissions in the Configuration File](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#declaring-permissions-in-the-configuration-file).
2. Display a dialog box to ask authorization from the user when the application is started for the first time. For details, see [Requesting User Authorization](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#requesting-user-authorization).
# Service Widget Overview
A service widget (also called widget) is a set of UI components that display important information or operations specific to an application. It provides users with direct access to a desired application service, without the need to open the application first. A widget usually appears as a part of the UI of another application (which currently can only be a system application, such as the home screen) and provides basic interactive features such as opening a UI page or sending a message.
## Service Widget Architecture
**Figure 1** Service widget architecture
![WidgetArchitecture](figures/WidgetArchitecture.png)
Before you get started, it would be helpful if you have a basic understanding of the following concepts:
- Widget host: an application that displays the widget content and controls the widget location. An example is the home screen in the preceding figure.
- Application icon: an application entry icon, clicking which starts the application process. The icon content does not support interactions.
- Widget: an interactive UI in various sizes. It may provide buttons to implement different functions, such as the button to [update the widget content](arkts-ui-widget-event-formextensionability.md) or [switch to an application](arkts-ui-widget-event-router.md).
- Card provider: an application that provides service widget content to be displayed. It controls the display content, display logic, and component click events triggered on a service widget.
- FormExtensionAbility: widget service logic module, which provides lifecycle callbacks invoked when a widget is created, destroyed, or updated.
- Widget page: widget UI module, which contains display and interaction information such as components, layouts, and events.
Below is the typical procedure of using the widget:
**Figure 2** Typical procedure of using the widget
![WidgetUse](figures/WidgetUse.png)
1. Touch and hold an application icon on the home screen to display the shortcut menu.
2. Touch **Service widget** to access the preview screen.
3. Touch the **Add to home** button. The widget is then added to the home screen.
## Widget UI Development Mode
In the stage model, the UI of a widget can be developed in [ArkTS](arkts-ui-widget-working-principles.md) or [JS](js-ui-widget-development.md).
- A widget developed in the ArkTS-based declarative development paradigm is called ArkTS widget.
- A widget developed in the JS-compatible web-like development paradigm is called JS widget.
ArkTS widgets and JS widgets have different implementation principles and features. The following table lists the differences in capabilities.
| Category| JS widget| ArkTS widget|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| Development paradigm| Web-like paradigm| Declarative paradigm|
| Component capability| Supported| Supported|
| Layout capability| Supported| Supported|
| Event capability| Supported| Supported|
| Custom animation| Not supported| Supported|
| Custom drawing| Not supported| Supported|
| Logic code execution (excluding the import capability)| Not supported| Supported|
As can be seen above, ArkTS widgets have more capabilities and use cases than JS widgets. Therefore, ArkTS widgets are always recommended, except for the case where the widget consists of only static pages.
......@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The following figure shows the basic concepts used in the stage model.
- [UIAbility component](uiability-overview.md) and [ExtensionAbility component](extensionability-overview.md)
The stage model provides two types of application components: UIAbility and ExtensionAbility. Both have specific classes and support object-oriented development. They are the specific implementation of the abstract ability concept on the stage model. They are also units scheduled by the Ability Manager Service (AMS), which schedules their lifecycles as well.
The stage model provides two types of application components: UIAbility and ExtensionAbility. Both have specific classes and support object-oriented development.
- UIAbility has the UI and is mainly used for user interaction. For example, with UIAbility, the Gallery application can display images in the liquid layout. After a user selects an image, it uses a new UI to display the image details. The user can touch the **Back** button to return to the liquid layout. The lifecycle of the UIAbility component contains the creation, destruction, foreground, and background states. Display-related states are exposed through WindowStage events.
......@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ The following figure shows the basic concepts used in the stage model.
- [Context](application-context-stage.md)
In the stage model, Context and its derived classes provide a variety of resources and capabilities that can be called during the runtime. The UIAbility component and ExtensionAbility derived classes have different Context classes. These classes, which all inherit from the base class Context, provide different capabilities.
- [AbilityStage](abilitystage.md)
Each HAP of the Entry or Feature type has an AbilityStage class instance during the runtime. When the code in the HAP is loaded to the process for the first time, the system creates an AbilityStage class instance first. Each UIAbility class defined in the HAP is associated with this class instance after instantiation. Through this class instance, you can obtain the runtime information of the UIAbility instances in the HAP.
......
......@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ struct Index {
```
When the launch type of a PageAbility is set to **standard** or when the PageAbility with the launch type set to **singleton** is started for the first time, you can use the **parameters** parameter in **want** to transfer the pages information and use the **startAbility()** method to start the PageAbility. For details about the launch type, see [PageAbility Launch Type](pageability-launch-type.md). The target PageAbility can use the **featureAbility.getWant()** method in **onCreate** to obtain the **want** parameter, and then call **router.push** to start a specified page.
When a PageAbility in multiton mode is started or when the PageAbility in singleton mode is started for the first time, you can use the **parameters** parameter in **want** to transfer the pages information and use the **startAbility()** method to start the PageAbility. For details about the launch type, see [PageAbility Launch Type](pageability-launch-type.md). The target PageAbility can use the **featureAbility.getWant()** method in **onCreate** to obtain the **want** parameter, and then call **router.push** to start a specified page.
When a user touches the button on the page of the caller PageAbility, the **startAbility()** method is called to start the target PageAbility. The **want** parameter in **startAbility()** carries the specified page information.
......
......@@ -2,19 +2,14 @@
For an OpenHarmony application, each process has a main thread to provide the following functionalities:
- Manage other threads.
- Enable multiple UIAbility components of the same application to share the same main thread.
- Distribute input events.
- Draw the UI.
- Invoke application code callbacks (event processing and lifecycle callbacks).
- Manage the ArkTS engine instance of the main thread so that multiple UIAbility components can run on it.
- Manage ArkTS engine instances of other threads (such as the worker thread), for example, starting and terminating other threads.
- Distribute interaction events.
- Process application code callbacks (event processing and lifecycle management).
- Receive messages sent by the worker thread.
In addition to the main thread, there is an independent thread, named worker. The worker thread is mainly used to perform time-consuming operations. It cannot directly operate the UI. The worker thread is created in the main thread and is independent of the main thread. A maximum of seven worker threads can be created.
In addition to the main thread, there is an independent thread, named worker. The worker thread is mainly used to perform time-consuming operations. The worker thread is created in the main thread and is independent from the main thread. It cannot directly operate the UI. A maximum of seven worker threads can be created.
![thread-model-stage](figures/thread-model-stage.png)
......@@ -22,4 +17,5 @@ Based on the OpenHarmony thread model, different services run on different threa
> **NOTE**
>
> The stage model provides only the main thread and worker thread. Emitter is mainly used for event synchronization within the main thread or between the main thread and worker thread.
> - The stage model provides only the main thread and worker thread. Emitter is mainly used for event synchronization within the main thread or between the main thread and worker thread.
> - To view thread information about an application process, run the **hdc shell** command to enter the shell CLI of the device, and then run the **ps -p *<pid>* -T command**, where *<pid>* indicates the ID of the application process.
......@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Before using the APIs provided by **EventHub**, you must obtain an **EventHub**
4. After **event1** is used, you can call [eventHub.off()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-eventHub.md#eventhuboff) to unsubscribe from the event.
```ts
// context is the ability-level context of the UIAbility instance.
// context is the AbilityContext of the UIAbility instance.
this.context.eventHub.off('event1');
```
......@@ -240,10 +240,6 @@ The following provides an example to describe the object overwritten problem in
struct Index {
onPageShow() {
let ctx = globalThis.context; // Obtain the context from globalThis and use it.
let permissions = ['com.example.permission']
ctx.requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions,(result) => {
// ...
});
}
// Page display.
build() {
......@@ -274,10 +270,6 @@ The following provides an example to describe the object overwritten problem in
struct Index {
onPageShow() {
let ctx = globalThis.context; // Obtain the context from globalThis and use it.
let permissions = ['com.example.permission']
ctx.requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions,(result) => {
console.info('requestPermissionsFromUser result:' + JSON.stringify(result));
});
}
// Page display.
build() {
......@@ -307,10 +299,6 @@ The following provides an example to describe the object overwritten problem in
struct Index {
onPageShow() {
let ctx = globalThis.context; // The context in globalThis is the context of UIAbilityB.
let permissions=['com.example.permission'];
ctx.requestPermissionsFromUser(permissions,(result) => { // Using this object causes a process breakdown.
console.info('requestPermissionsFromUser result:' + JSON.stringify(result));
});
}
// Page display.
build() {
......@@ -321,4 +309,6 @@ The following provides an example to describe the object overwritten problem in
## Using AppStorage or LocalStorage for Data Synchronization
ArkUI provides AppStorage and LocalStorage to implement application- and UIAbility-level data synchronization, respectively. Both solutions can be used to manage the application state, enhance application performance, and improve user experience. The AppStorage is a global state manager and is applicable when multiple UIAbilities share the same state data. The LocalStorage is a local state manager that manages state data used inside a single UIAbility. They help you control the application state more flexibly and improve the maintainability and scalability of applications. For details, see [State Management of Application-Level Variables](../quick-start/arkts-state-mgmt-application-level.md).
ArkUI provides AppStorage and LocalStorage to implement application- and UIAbility-level data synchronization, respectively. Both solutions can be used to manage the application state, enhance application performance, and improve user experience. The AppStorage is a global state manager and is applicable when multiple UIAbilities share the same state data. The LocalStorage is a local state manager that manages state data used inside a single UIAbility. They help you control the application state more flexibly and improve the maintainability and scalability of applications. For details, see [State Management of Application-Level Variables](../quick-start/arkts-application-state-management-overview.md).
<!--no_check-->
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The launch type of the UIAbility component refers to the state of the UIAbility
- [Singleton](#singleton)
- [Standard](#standard)
- [Multiton](#multiton)
- [Specified](#specified)
......@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ The launch type of the UIAbility component refers to the state of the UIAbility
Each time [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called, if a UIAbility instance of this type already exists in the application process, the instance is reused. Therefore, only one UIAbility instance of this type exists in the system, that is, displayed in **Recents**.
**Figure 1** Demonstration effect in singleton mode
![uiability-launch-type1](figures/uiability-launch-type1.png)
![uiability-launch-type1](figures/uiability-launch-type1.gif)
> **NOTE**<br>Assume that the application already has a UIAbility instance created, and the launch type of the UIAbility instance is set to **singleton**. If [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called again to start the UIAbility instance, the original UIAbility instance is started, and no new UIAbility instance is created. In this case, the [onNewWant()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityonnewwant) callback is invoked, but the [onCreate()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#uiabilityoncreate) and [onWindowStageCreate()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#uiabilityonwindowstagecreate) callbacks are not.
> **NOTE**
>
> Assume that the application already has a UIAbility instance created, and the launch type of the UIAbility instance is set to **singleton**. If [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called again to start the UIAbility instance, the original UIAbility instance is started, and no new UIAbility instance is created. In this case, the [onNewWant()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityonnewwant) callback is invoked, but the [onCreate()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#uiabilityoncreate) and [onWindowStageCreate()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#uiabilityonwindowstagecreate) callbacks are not.
To use the singleton mode, set **launchType** in the [module.json5 configuration file](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md) to **singleton**.
......@@ -40,14 +42,15 @@ To use the singleton mode, set **launchType** in the [module.json5 configuration
```
## Standard
## Multiton
In standard mode, each time [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called, a new UIAbility instance of this type is created in the application process. Multiple UIAbility instances of this type are displayed in **Recents**.
In multiton mode, each time [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called, a new UIAbility instance of this type is created in the application process. Multiple UIAbility instances of this type are displayed in **Recents**.
**Figure 2** Demonstration effect in standard mode
![standard-mode](figures/standard-mode.png)
**Figure 2** Demonstration effect in multiton mode
To use the standard mode, set **launchType** in the [module.json5 configuration file](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md) to **standard**.
![uiability-launch-type2](figures/uiability-launch-type2.gif)
To use the multiton mode, set **launchType** in the [module.json5 file](../quick-start/module-configuration-file.md) to **multiton**.
```json
......@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ To use the standard mode, set **launchType** in the [module.json5 configuration
// ...
"abilities": [
{
"launchType": "standard",
"launchType": "multiton",
// ...
}
]
......@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ To use the standard mode, set **launchType** in the [module.json5 configuration
The **specified** mode is used in some special scenarios. For example, in a document application, you want a document instance to be created each time you create a document, but you want to use the same document instance when you repeatedly open an existing document.
**Figure 3** Demonstration effect in specified mode
![uiability-launch-type2](figures/uiability-launch-type2.png)
![uiability-launch-type3](figures/uiability-launch-type3.gif)
For example, there are two UIAbility components: EntryAbility and SpecifiedAbility (with the launch type **specified**). You are required to start SpecifiedAbility from EntryAbility.
......@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ For example, there are two UIAbility components: EntryAbility and SpecifiedAbili
instanceKey: getInstance(),
},
}
// context is the ability-level context of the initiator UIAbility.
// context is the UIAbilityContext of the initiator UIAbility.
this.context.startAbility(want).then(() => {
// ...
}).catch((err) => {
......@@ -137,7 +140,7 @@ For example, there are two UIAbility components: EntryAbility and SpecifiedAbili
}
```
> **NOTE**<br>
> **NOTE**
>
> 1. Assume that the application already has a UIAbility instance created, and the launch type of the UIAbility instance is set to **specified**. If [startAbility()](../reference/apis/js-apis-inner-application-uiAbilityContext.md#uiabilitycontextstartability) is called again to start the UIAbility instance, and the [onAcceptWant()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md#abilitystageonacceptwant) callback of [AbilityStage](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-abilityStage.md) matches a created UIAbility instance, the original UIAbility instance is started, and no new UIAbility instance is created. In this case, the [onNewWant()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#abilityonnewwant) callback is invoked, but the [onCreate()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#uiabilityoncreate) and [onWindowStageCreate()](../reference/apis/js-apis-app-ability-uiAbility.md#uiabilityonwindowstagecreate) callbacks are not.
> 2. AbilityStage is not automatically generated in the default project of DevEco Studio. For details about how to create an AbilityStage file, see [AbilityStage Component Container](abilitystage.md).
......@@ -150,3 +153,5 @@ For example, there are two UIAbility components: EntryAbility and SpecifiedAbili
2. Close the process of file A in **Recents**. UIAbility instance 1 is destroyed. Return to the home screen and open file A again. A new UIAbility instance is started, for example, UIAbility instance 2.
3. Return to the home screen and open file B. A new UIAbility instance is started, for example, UIAbility instance 3.
4. Return to the home screen and open file A again. UIAbility instance 2 is started. This is because the system automatically matches the key of the UIAbility instance and starts the UIAbility instance that has a matching key. In this example, UIAbility instance 2 has the same key as file A. Therefore, the system pulls back UIAbility instance 2 and focuses it without creating a new instance.
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......@@ -5,10 +5,25 @@
UIAbility is a type of application component that provides the UI for user interaction.
UIAbility is the basic unit scheduled by the system and provides a window for applications to draw UIs. An application can contain one or more UIAbility components. For example, for a payment application, you can use two UIAbility components to carry the entry and payment functionalities. You are advised to use one UIAbility component to carry the same functional module, with multiple pages (if necessary).
The following design philosophy is behind UIAbility:
1. Native support for [cross-device migration](hop-cross-device-migration.md) and [multi-device collaboration](hop-multi-device-collaboration.md) at the application component level
2. Support for multiple device types and window forms
For details, see [Interpretation of the Application Model] (application-model-description.md).
The UIAbility division principles and suggestions are as follows:
UIAbility is the basic unit scheduled by the system and provides a window for applications to draw UIs. An application can contain one or more UIAbility components. For example, for a payment application, you can use two UIAbility components to carry the entry and payment functionalities.
Each UIAbility component instance is displayed as a mission in Recents.
You can develop a single UIAbility or multiple UIAbilities for your application based on service requirements.
- If you want only one mission to be displayed in Recents, use one UIAbility and multiple pages.
- If you want multiple missions to be displayed in Recents or multiple windows to be opened simultaneously, use multiple UIAbilities.
## Privacy Statement Configuration
......@@ -22,7 +37,7 @@ To enable an application to properly use a UIAbility component, declare the UIAb
"abilities": [
{
"name": "EntryAbility", // Name of the UIAbility component.
"srcEntrance": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts", // Code path of the UIAbility component.
"srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts", // Code path of the UIAbility component.
"description": "$string:EntryAbility_desc", // Description of the UIAbility component.
"icon": "$media:icon", // Icon of the UIAbility component.
"label": "$string:EntryAbility_label", // Label of the UIAbility component.
......
......@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ async function deleteFormInfo(formId: string) {
// ...
```
For details about how to implement persistent data storage, see [Lightweight Data Store Development](../database/database-preference-guidelines.md).
For details about how to implement persistent data storage, see [Application Data Persistence Overview](../database/app-data-persistence-overview.md).
The **Want** object passed in by the widget host to the widget provider contains a flag that specifies whether the requested widget is normal or temporary.
......@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ You can use the web-like paradigm (HML+CSS+JSON) to develop JS widget pages. Thi
> **NOTE**
>
> Only the JavaScript-based web-like development paradigm is supported when developing the widget UI.
> In the FA model, only the JavaScript-based web-like development paradigm is supported when developing the widget UI.
- HML: uses web-like paradigm components to describe the widget page information.
......
......@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Widget switching involves the following parts:
| Configuration Item | FA Model | Stage Model |
| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Configuration item location | **formAbility** and **forms** are in the **config.json** file.| **extensionAbilities** (configuration for **formExtensionAbility**) is in the **module.json5** file in the level-1 directory, and **forms** (configuration for **forms** contained in **formExtensionAbility**) is in the **form_config.json** file in the level-2 directory.|
| Widget code path | Specified by **srcPath**, without the file name. | Specified by **srcEntrance**, with the file name. |
| Widget code path | Specified by **srcPath**, without the file name. | Specified by **srcEntry**, with the file name. |
| Programming language | **srcLanguage** can be set to **js** or **ets**. | This configuration item is unavailable. Only ets is supported. |
| Whether to enable widgets | formsEnabled | This configuration item is unavailable. The setting of **type** set to **form** means that the widgets are enabled. |
| Ability type | type: service | type: form |
......@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Figure 2 Widget configuration differences
| Item| FA Model| Stage Model|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| Entry file| **form.ts** in the directory pointed to by **srcPath**| File pointed to by **srcEntrance**|
| Entry file| **form.ts** in the directory pointed to by **srcPath**| File pointed to by **srcEntry**|
| Lifecycle| export default| import FormExtension from '\@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';<br>export default class FormAbility extends FormExtension|
......
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