diff --git a/block/blk-mq.c b/block/blk-mq.c
index 903823f5f55b78a395eedf572f414b2bdff9c832..0f00764710212a4cac924b3e786098342453e852 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq.c
+++ b/block/blk-mq.c
@@ -2156,6 +2156,10 @@ static void blk_mq_exit_hctx(struct request_queue *q,
 		set->ops->exit_hctx(hctx, hctx_idx);
 
 	blk_mq_remove_cpuhp(hctx);
+
+	spin_lock(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
+	list_add(&hctx->hctx_list, &q->unused_hctx_list);
+	spin_unlock(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
 }
 
 static void blk_mq_exit_hw_queues(struct request_queue *q,
@@ -2238,6 +2242,8 @@ blk_mq_alloc_hctx(struct request_queue *q, struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 	hctx->queue = q;
 	hctx->flags = set->flags & ~BLK_MQ_F_TAG_SHARED;
 
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&hctx->hctx_list);
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocate space for all possible cpus to avoid allocation at
 	 * runtime
@@ -2520,15 +2526,17 @@ static int blk_mq_alloc_ctxs(struct request_queue *q)
  */
 void blk_mq_release(struct request_queue *q)
 {
-	struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx;
-	unsigned int i;
+	struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx, *next;
+	int i;
 
 	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&q->requeue_work);
 
-	/* hctx kobj stays in hctx */
-	queue_for_each_hw_ctx(q, hctx, i) {
-		if (!hctx)
-			continue;
+	queue_for_each_hw_ctx(q, hctx, i)
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(hctx && list_empty(&hctx->hctx_list));
+
+	/* all hctx are in .unused_hctx_list now */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(hctx, next, &q->unused_hctx_list, hctx_list) {
+		list_del_init(&hctx->hctx_list);
 		kobject_put(&hctx->kobj);
 	}
 
@@ -2563,9 +2571,22 @@ static struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx(
 		struct blk_mq_tag_set *set, struct request_queue *q,
 		int hctx_idx, int node)
 {
-	struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx;
+	struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx = NULL, *tmp;
+
+	/* reuse dead hctx first */
+	spin_lock(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(tmp, &q->unused_hctx_list, hctx_list) {
+		if (tmp->numa_node == node) {
+			hctx = tmp;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (hctx)
+		list_del_init(&hctx->hctx_list);
+	spin_unlock(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
 
-	hctx = blk_mq_alloc_hctx(q, set, node);
+	if (!hctx)
+		hctx = blk_mq_alloc_hctx(q, set, node);
 	if (!hctx)
 		goto fail;
 
@@ -2603,10 +2624,8 @@ static void blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs(struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 
 		hctx = blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx(set, q, i, node);
 		if (hctx) {
-			if (hctxs[i]) {
+			if (hctxs[i])
 				blk_mq_exit_hctx(q, set, hctxs[i], i);
-				kobject_put(&hctxs[i]->kobj);
-			}
 			hctxs[i] = hctx;
 		} else {
 			if (hctxs[i])
@@ -2637,9 +2656,7 @@ static void blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs(struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 			if (hctx->tags)
 				blk_mq_free_map_and_requests(set, j);
 			blk_mq_exit_hctx(q, set, hctx, j);
-			kobject_put(&hctx->kobj);
 			hctxs[j] = NULL;
-
 		}
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&q->sysfs_lock);
@@ -2668,6 +2685,8 @@ struct request_queue *blk_mq_init_allocated_queue(struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 	if (!q->queue_hw_ctx)
 		goto err_sys_init;
 
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->unused_hctx_list);
+	spin_lock_init(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
 	q->mq_map = set->mq_map;
 
 	blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs(set, q);
diff --git a/include/linux/blk-mq.h b/include/linux/blk-mq.h
index 0567296ff7929d4e3fa0a199bdd14b71d83e115e..6a130ef8c5c952e3f6268f8a0ae7417063372921 100644
--- a/include/linux/blk-mq.h
+++ b/include/linux/blk-mq.h
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ struct blk_mq_hw_ctx {
 	struct dentry		*sched_debugfs_dir;
 #endif
 
+	struct list_head hctx_list;
 	KABI_RESERVE(1)
 	KABI_RESERVE(2)
 	KABI_RESERVE(3)
diff --git a/include/linux/blkdev.h b/include/linux/blkdev.h
index 16cdf95cd5d55c6d81d408e66b0dcada67db7ceb..0c8b2f595cc0503049d9703c9037b3ee84d0358c 100644
--- a/include/linux/blkdev.h
+++ b/include/linux/blkdev.h
@@ -641,6 +641,13 @@ struct request_queue {
 
 	struct mutex		sysfs_lock;
 
+	/*
+	 * for reusing dead hctx instance in case of updating
+	 * nr_hw_queues
+	 */
+	struct list_head    unused_hctx_list;
+	spinlock_t      unused_hctx_lock;
+
 	int			bypass_depth;
 	atomic_t		mq_freeze_depth;