self-modifying code support

git-svn-id: svn://svn.savannah.nongnu.org/qemu/trunk@163 c046a42c-6fe2-441c-8c8c-71466251a162

cpu-i386.h

@@ -450,11 +450,16 @@ extern unsigned long host_page_mask;
 #define PAGE_EXEC      0x0004
 #define PAGE_BITS      (PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_EXEC)
 #define PAGE_VALID     0x0008
+/* original state of the write flag (used when tracking self-modifying
+   code */
+#define PAGE_WRITE_ORG 0x0010 
 
 void page_dump(FILE *f);
 int page_get_flags(unsigned long address);
 void page_set_flags(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int flags);
+void page_unprotect_range(uint8_t *data, unsigned long data_size);
 
+/***************************************************/
 /* internal functions */
 
 #define GEN_FLAG_CODE32_SHIFT 0
@@ -468,8 +473,73 @@ void page_set_flags(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int flags);
 
 int cpu_x86_gen_code(uint8_t *gen_code_buf, int max_code_size, 
                      int *gen_code_size_ptr,
-                     uint8_t *pc_start,  uint8_t *cs_base, int flags);
+                     uint8_t *pc_start,  uint8_t *cs_base, int flags,
+                     int *code_size_ptr);
 void cpu_x86_tblocks_init(void);
 void page_init(void);
+int page_unprotect(unsigned long address);
+
+#define CODE_GEN_MAX_SIZE        65536
+#define CODE_GEN_ALIGN           16 /* must be >= of the size of a icache line */
+
+#define CODE_GEN_HASH_BITS     15
+#define CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE     (1 << CODE_GEN_HASH_BITS)
+
+/* maximum total translate dcode allocated */
+#define CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE     (2048 * 1024)
+//#define CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE     (128 * 1024)
+
+typedef struct TranslationBlock {
+    unsigned long pc;   /* simulated PC corresponding to this block (EIP + CS base) */
+    unsigned long cs_base; /* CS base for this block */
+    unsigned int flags; /* flags defining in which context the code was generated */
+    uint16_t size;      /* size of target code for this block (1 <=
+                           size <= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) */
+    uint8_t *tc_ptr;    /* pointer to the translated code */
+    struct TranslationBlock *hash_next; /* next matching block */
+    struct TranslationBlock *page_next[2]; /* next blocks in even/odd page */
+} TranslationBlock;
+
+static inline unsigned int tb_hash_func(unsigned long pc)
+{
+    return pc & (CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE - 1);
+}
+
+void tb_flush(void);
+TranslationBlock *tb_alloc(unsigned long pc, 
+                           unsigned long size);
+
+extern TranslationBlock *tb_hash[CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE];
+
+extern uint8_t code_gen_buffer[CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE];
+extern uint8_t *code_gen_ptr;
+
+/* find a translation block in the translation cache. If not found,
+   return NULL and the pointer to the last element of the list in pptb */
+static inline TranslationBlock *tb_find(TranslationBlock ***pptb,
+                                        unsigned long pc, 
+                                        unsigned long cs_base,
+                                        unsigned int flags)
+{
+    TranslationBlock **ptb, *tb;
+    unsigned int h;
+ 
+    h = tb_hash_func(pc);
+    ptb = &tb_hash[h];
+    for(;;) {
+        tb = *ptb;
+        if (!tb)
+            break;
+        if (tb->pc == pc && tb->cs_base == cs_base && tb->flags == flags)
+            return tb;
+        ptb = &tb->hash_next;
+    }
+    *pptb = ptb;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifndef offsetof
+#define offsetof(type, field) ((size_t) &((type *)0)->field)
+#endif
 
 #endif /* CPU_I386_H */

exec-i386.c

@@ -21,39 +21,10 @@
 #include "disas.h"
 
 //#define DEBUG_EXEC
-#define DEBUG_FLUSH
 //#define DEBUG_SIGNAL
 
 /* main execution loop */
 
-/* maximum total translate dcode allocated */
-#define CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE     (2048 * 1024)
-//#define CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE     (128 * 1024)
-#define CODE_GEN_MAX_SIZE        65536
-#define CODE_GEN_ALIGN           16 /* must be >= of the size of a icache line */
-
-/* threshold to flush the translated code buffer */
-#define CODE_GEN_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE (CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE - CODE_GEN_MAX_SIZE)
-
-#define CODE_GEN_MAX_BLOCKS    (CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE / 64)
-#define CODE_GEN_HASH_BITS     15
-#define CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE     (1 << CODE_GEN_HASH_BITS)
-
-typedef struct TranslationBlock {
-    unsigned long pc;   /* simulated PC corresponding to this block (EIP + CS base) */
-    unsigned long cs_base; /* CS base for this block */
-    unsigned int flags; /* flags defining in which context the code was generated */
-    uint8_t *tc_ptr;    /* pointer to the translated code */
-    struct TranslationBlock *hash_next; /* next matching block */
-} TranslationBlock;
-
-TranslationBlock tbs[CODE_GEN_MAX_BLOCKS];
-TranslationBlock *tb_hash[CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE];
-int nb_tbs;
-
-uint8_t code_gen_buffer[CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE];
-uint8_t *code_gen_ptr;
-
 /* thread support */
 
 #ifdef __powerpc__
@@ -195,70 +166,6 @@ void raise_exception(int exception_index)
     raise_exception_err(exception_index, 0);
 }
 
-void cpu_x86_tblocks_init(void)
-{
-    if (!code_gen_ptr) {
-        code_gen_ptr = code_gen_buffer;
-    }
-}
-
-/* flush all the translation blocks */
-static void tb_flush(void)
-{
-    int i;
-#ifdef DEBUG_FLUSH
-    printf("gemu: flush code_size=%d nb_tbs=%d avg_tb_size=%d\n", 
-           code_gen_ptr - code_gen_buffer, 
-           nb_tbs, 
-           (code_gen_ptr - code_gen_buffer) / nb_tbs);
-#endif
-    nb_tbs = 0;
-    for(i = 0;i < CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE; i++)
-        tb_hash[i] = NULL;
-    code_gen_ptr = code_gen_buffer;
-    /* XXX: flush processor icache at this point */
-}
-
-/* find a translation block in the translation cache. If not found,
-   return NULL and the pointer to the last element of the list in pptb */
-static inline TranslationBlock *tb_find(TranslationBlock ***pptb,
-                                        unsigned long pc, 
-                                        unsigned long cs_base,
-                                        unsigned int flags)
-{
-    TranslationBlock **ptb, *tb;
-    unsigned int h;
- 
-    h = pc & (CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE - 1);
-    ptb = &tb_hash[h];
-#if 0
-    /* XXX: hack to handle 16 bit modyfing code */
-    if (flags & (1 << GEN_FLAG_CODE32_SHIFT))
-#endif
-        for(;;) {
-            tb = *ptb;
-            if (!tb)
-                break;
-            if (tb->pc == pc && tb->cs_base == cs_base && tb->flags == flags)
-            return tb;
-            ptb = &tb->hash_next;
-        }
-    *pptb = ptb;
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* allocate a new translation block. flush the translation buffer if
-   too many translation blocks or too much generated code */
-static inline TranslationBlock *tb_alloc(void)
-{
-    TranslationBlock *tb;
-    if (nb_tbs >= CODE_GEN_MAX_BLOCKS || 
-        (code_gen_ptr - code_gen_buffer) >= CODE_GEN_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE)
-        tb_flush();
-    tb = &tbs[nb_tbs++];
-    return tb;
-}
-
 int cpu_x86_exec(CPUX86State *env1)
 {
     int saved_T0, saved_T1, saved_A0;
@@ -287,7 +194,7 @@ int cpu_x86_exec(CPUX86State *env1)
 #ifdef reg_EDI
     int saved_EDI;
 #endif
-    int code_gen_size, ret;
+    int code_gen_size, ret, code_size;
     void (*gen_func)(void);
     TranslationBlock *tb, **ptb;
     uint8_t *tc_ptr, *cs_base, *pc;
@@ -390,15 +297,15 @@ int cpu_x86_exec(CPUX86State *env1)
                 cpu_lock();
                 tc_ptr = code_gen_ptr;
                 ret = cpu_x86_gen_code(code_gen_ptr, CODE_GEN_MAX_SIZE, 
-                                       &code_gen_size, pc, cs_base, flags);
+                                       &code_gen_size, pc, cs_base, flags,
+                                       &code_size);
                 /* if invalid instruction, signal it */
                 if (ret != 0) {
                     cpu_unlock();
                     raise_exception(EXCP06_ILLOP);
                 }
-                tb = tb_alloc();
+                tb = tb_alloc((unsigned long)pc, code_size);
                 *ptb = tb;
-                tb->pc = (unsigned long)pc;
                 tb->cs_base = (unsigned long)cs_base;
                 tb->flags = flags;
                 tb->tc_ptr = tc_ptr;
@@ -493,15 +400,22 @@ void cpu_x86_load_seg(CPUX86State *s, int seg_reg, int selector)
 #include <sys/ucontext.h>
 
 /* 'pc' is the host PC at which the exception was raised. 'address' is
-   the effective address of the memory exception */
+   the effective address of the memory exception. 'is_write' is 1 if a
+   write caused the exception and otherwise 0'. 'old_set' is the
+   signal set which should be restored */
 static inline int handle_cpu_signal(unsigned long pc,
                                     unsigned long address,
+                                    int is_write,
                                     sigset_t *old_set)
 {
-#ifdef DEBUG_SIGNAL
-    printf("gemu: SIGSEGV pc=0x%08lx oldset=0x%08lx\n", 
-           pc, *(unsigned long *)old_set);
+#if defined(DEBUG_SIGNAL)
+    printf("qemu: SIGSEGV pc=0x%08lx address=%08lx wr=%d oldset=0x%08lx\n", 
+           pc, address, is_write, *(unsigned long *)old_set);
 #endif
+    if (is_write && page_unprotect(address)) {
+        sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, old_set, NULL);
+        return 1;
+    }
     if (pc >= (unsigned long)code_gen_buffer &&
         pc < (unsigned long)code_gen_buffer + CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE) {
         /* the PC is inside the translated code. It means that we have
@@ -512,8 +426,7 @@ static inline int handle_cpu_signal(unsigned long pc,
         /* XXX: need to compute virtual pc position by retranslating
            code. The rest of the CPU state should be correct. */
         env->cr2 = address;
-        /* XXX: more precise exception code */
-        raise_exception_err(EXCP0E_PAGE, 4);
+        raise_exception_err(EXCP0E_PAGE, 4 | (is_write << 1));
         /* never comes here */
         return 1;
     } else {
@@ -532,10 +445,15 @@ int cpu_x86_signal_handler(int host_signum, struct siginfo *info,
 #ifndef REG_EIP
 /* for glibc 2.1 */
 #define REG_EIP    EIP
+#define REG_ERR    ERR
+#define REG_TRAPNO TRAPNO
 #endif
     pc = uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP];
     pold_set = &uc->uc_sigmask;
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, (unsigned long)info->si_addr, pold_set);
+    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, (unsigned long)info->si_addr, 
+                             uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO] == 0xe ? 
+                             (uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR] >> 1) & 1 : 0,
+                             pold_set);
 #else
 #warning No CPU specific signal handler: cannot handle target SIGSEGV events
     return 0;

exec.c

 /*
- *  virtual page mapping
+ *  virtual page mapping and translated block handling
  * 
  *  Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
  *
@@ -24,13 +24,32 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 
 #include "cpu-i386.h"
 
+//#define DEBUG_TB_INVALIDATE
+#define DEBUG_FLUSH
+
+/* make various TB consistency checks */
+//#define DEBUG_TB_CHECK 
+
+/* threshold to flush the translated code buffer */
+#define CODE_GEN_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE (CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE - CODE_GEN_MAX_SIZE)
+
+#define CODE_GEN_MAX_BLOCKS    (CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE / 64)
+
+TranslationBlock tbs[CODE_GEN_MAX_BLOCKS];
+TranslationBlock *tb_hash[CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE];
+int nb_tbs;
+
+uint8_t code_gen_buffer[CODE_GEN_BUFFER_SIZE];
+uint8_t *code_gen_ptr;
+
 /* XXX: pack the flags in the low bits of the pointer ? */
 typedef struct PageDesc {
-    struct TranslationBlock *first_tb;
     unsigned long flags;
+    TranslationBlock *first_tb;
 } PageDesc;
 
 #define L2_BITS 10
@@ -39,6 +58,8 @@ typedef struct PageDesc {
 #define L1_SIZE (1 << L1_BITS)
 #define L2_SIZE (1 << L2_BITS)
 
+static void tb_invalidate_page(unsigned long address);
+
 unsigned long real_host_page_size;
 unsigned long host_page_bits;
 unsigned long host_page_size;
@@ -104,36 +125,44 @@ void page_dump(FILE *f)
     }
 }
 
-
-static inline PageDesc *page_find_alloc(unsigned long address)
+static inline PageDesc *page_find_alloc(unsigned int index)
 {
-    unsigned int index;
     PageDesc **lp, *p;
 
-    index = address >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
     lp = &l1_map[index >> L2_BITS];
     p = *lp;
     if (!p) {
         /* allocate if not found */
         p = malloc(sizeof(PageDesc) * L2_SIZE);
-        memset(p, 0, sizeof(sizeof(PageDesc) * L2_SIZE));
+        memset(p, 0, sizeof(PageDesc) * L2_SIZE);
         *lp = p;
     }
     return p + (index & (L2_SIZE - 1));
 }
 
-int page_get_flags(unsigned long address)
+static inline PageDesc *page_find(unsigned int index)
 {
-    unsigned int index;
     PageDesc *p;
 
-    index = address >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
     p = l1_map[index >> L2_BITS];
     if (!p)
         return 0;
-    return p[index & (L2_SIZE - 1)].flags;
+    return p + (index & (L2_SIZE - 1));
 }
 
+int page_get_flags(unsigned long address)
+{
+    PageDesc *p;
+
+    p = page_find(address >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
+    if (!p)
+        return 0;
+    return p->flags;
+}
+
+/* modify the flags of a page and invalidate the code if
+   necessary. The flag PAGE_WRITE_ORG is positionned automatically
+   depending on PAGE_WRITE */
 void page_set_flags(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int flags)
 {
     PageDesc *p;
@@ -141,8 +170,268 @@ void page_set_flags(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int flags)
 
     start = start & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(end);
+    if (flags & PAGE_WRITE)
+        flags |= PAGE_WRITE_ORG;
     for(addr = start; addr < end; addr += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
-        p = page_find_alloc(addr);
+        p = page_find_alloc(addr >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
+        /* if the write protection is set, then we invalidate the code
+           inside */
+        if (!(p->flags & PAGE_WRITE) && 
+            (flags & PAGE_WRITE) &&
+            p->first_tb) {
+            tb_invalidate_page(addr);
+        }
         p->flags = flags;
     }
 }
+
+void cpu_x86_tblocks_init(void)
+{
+    if (!code_gen_ptr) {
+        code_gen_ptr = code_gen_buffer;
+    }
+}
+
+/* set to NULL all the 'first_tb' fields in all PageDescs */
+static void page_flush_tb(void)
+{
+    int i, j;
+    PageDesc *p;
+
+    for(i = 0; i < L1_SIZE; i++) {
+        p = l1_map[i];
+        if (p) {
+            for(j = 0; j < L2_SIZE; j++)
+                p[j].first_tb = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* flush all the translation blocks */
+void tb_flush(void)
+{
+    int i;
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLUSH
+    printf("qemu: flush code_size=%d nb_tbs=%d avg_tb_size=%d\n", 
+           code_gen_ptr - code_gen_buffer, 
+           nb_tbs, 
+           (code_gen_ptr - code_gen_buffer) / nb_tbs);
+#endif
+    nb_tbs = 0;
+    for(i = 0;i < CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE; i++)
+        tb_hash[i] = NULL;
+    page_flush_tb();
+    code_gen_ptr = code_gen_buffer;
+    /* XXX: flush processor icache at this point */
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_TB_CHECK
+
+static void tb_invalidate_check(unsigned long address)
+{
+    TranslationBlock *tb;
+    int i;
+    address &= TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
+    for(i = 0;i < CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE; i++) {
+        for(tb = tb_hash[i]; tb != NULL; tb = tb->hash_next) {
+            if (!(address + TARGET_PAGE_SIZE <= tb->pc ||
+                  address >= tb->pc + tb->size)) {
+                printf("ERROR invalidate: address=%08lx PC=%08lx size=%04x\n",
+                       address, tb->pc, tb->size);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* verify that all the pages have correct rights for code */
+static void tb_page_check(void)
+{
+    TranslationBlock *tb;
+    int i, flags1, flags2;
+    
+    for(i = 0;i < CODE_GEN_HASH_SIZE; i++) {
+        for(tb = tb_hash[i]; tb != NULL; tb = tb->hash_next) {
+            flags1 = page_get_flags(tb->pc);
+            flags2 = page_get_flags(tb->pc + tb->size - 1);
+            if ((flags1 & PAGE_WRITE) || (flags2 & PAGE_WRITE)) {
+                printf("ERROR page flags: PC=%08lx size=%04x f1=%x f2=%x\n",
+                       tb->pc, tb->size, flags1, flags2);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* invalidate one TB */
+static inline void tb_remove(TranslationBlock **ptb, TranslationBlock *tb,
+                             int next_offset)
+{
+    TranslationBlock *tb1;
+    for(;;) {
+        tb1 = *ptb;
+        if (tb1 == tb) {
+            *ptb = *(TranslationBlock **)((char *)tb1 + next_offset);
+            break;
+        }
+        ptb = (TranslationBlock **)((char *)tb1 + next_offset);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void tb_invalidate(TranslationBlock *tb, int parity)
+{
+    PageDesc *p;
+    unsigned int page_index1, page_index2;
+    unsigned int h;
+
+    /* remove the TB from the hash list */
+    h = tb_hash_func(tb->pc);
+    tb_remove(&tb_hash[h], tb, 
+              offsetof(TranslationBlock, hash_next));
+    /* remove the TB from the page list */
+    page_index1 = tb->pc >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    if ((page_index1 & 1) == parity) {
+        p = page_find(page_index1);
+        tb_remove(&p->first_tb, tb, 
+                  offsetof(TranslationBlock, page_next[page_index1 & 1]));
+    }
+    page_index2 = (tb->pc + tb->size - 1) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    if ((page_index2 & 1) == parity) {
+        p = page_find(page_index2);
+        tb_remove(&p->first_tb, tb, 
+                  offsetof(TranslationBlock, page_next[page_index2 & 1]));
+    }
+}
+
+/* invalidate all TBs which intersect with the target page starting at addr */
+static void tb_invalidate_page(unsigned long address)
+{
+    TranslationBlock *tb_next, *tb;
+    unsigned int page_index;
+    int parity1, parity2;
+    PageDesc *p;
+#ifdef DEBUG_TB_INVALIDATE
+    printf("tb_invalidate_page: %lx\n", address);
+#endif
+
+    page_index = address >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    p = page_find(page_index);
+    if (!p)
+        return;
+    tb = p->first_tb;
+    parity1 = page_index & 1;
+    parity2 = parity1 ^ 1;
+    while (tb != NULL) {
+        tb_next = tb->page_next[parity1];
+        tb_invalidate(tb, parity2);
+        tb = tb_next;
+    }
+    p->first_tb = NULL;
+}
+
+/* add the tb in the target page and protect it if necessary */
+static inline void tb_alloc_page(TranslationBlock *tb, unsigned int page_index)
+{
+    PageDesc *p;
+    unsigned long host_start, host_end, addr, page_addr;
+    int prot;
+
+    p = page_find_alloc(page_index);
+    tb->page_next[page_index & 1] = p->first_tb;
+    p->first_tb = tb;
+    if (p->flags & PAGE_WRITE) {
+        /* force the host page as non writable (writes will have a
+           page fault + mprotect overhead) */
+        page_addr = (page_index << TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
+        host_start = page_addr & host_page_mask;
+        host_end = host_start + host_page_size;
+        prot = 0;
+        for(addr = host_start; addr < host_end; addr += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)
+            prot |= page_get_flags(addr);
+        mprotect((void *)host_start, host_page_size, 
+                 (prot & PAGE_BITS) & ~PAGE_WRITE);
+#ifdef DEBUG_TB_INVALIDATE
+        printf("protecting code page: 0x%08lx\n", 
+               host_start);
+#endif
+        p->flags &= ~PAGE_WRITE;
+#ifdef DEBUG_TB_CHECK
+        tb_page_check();
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+/* Allocate a new translation block. Flush the translation buffer if
+   too many translation blocks or too much generated code. */
+TranslationBlock *tb_alloc(unsigned long pc, 
+                           unsigned long size)
+{
+    TranslationBlock *tb;
+    unsigned int page_index1, page_index2;
+
+    if (nb_tbs >= CODE_GEN_MAX_BLOCKS || 
+        (code_gen_ptr - code_gen_buffer) >= CODE_GEN_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE)
+        tb_flush();
+    tb = &tbs[nb_tbs++];
+    tb->pc = pc;
+    tb->size = size;
+
+    /* add in the page list */
+    page_index1 = pc >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    tb_alloc_page(tb, page_index1);
+    page_index2 = (pc + size - 1) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    if (page_index2 != page_index1) {
+        tb_alloc_page(tb, page_index2);
+    }
+    return tb;
+}
+
+/* called from signal handler: invalidate the code and unprotect the
+   page. Return TRUE if the fault was succesfully handled. */
+int page_unprotect(unsigned long address)
+{
+    unsigned int page_index, prot;
+    PageDesc *p;
+    unsigned long host_start, host_end, addr;
+
+    page_index = address >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    p = page_find(page_index);
+    if (!p)
+        return 0;
+    if ((p->flags & (PAGE_WRITE_ORG | PAGE_WRITE)) == PAGE_WRITE_ORG) {
+        /* if the page was really writable, then we change its
+           protection back to writable */
+        host_start = address & host_page_mask;
+        host_end = host_start + host_page_size;
+        prot = 0;
+        for(addr = host_start; addr < host_end; addr += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)
+            prot |= page_get_flags(addr);
+        mprotect((void *)host_start, host_page_size, 
+                 (prot & PAGE_BITS) | PAGE_WRITE);
+        p->flags |= PAGE_WRITE;
+
+        /* and since the content will be modified, we must invalidate
+           the corresponding translated code. */
+        tb_invalidate_page(address);
+#ifdef DEBUG_TB_CHECK
+        tb_invalidate_check(address);
+#endif
+        return 1;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* call this function when system calls directly modify a memory area */
+void page_unprotect_range(uint8_t *data, unsigned long data_size)
+{
+    unsigned long start, end, addr;
+
+    start = (unsigned long)data;
+    end = start + data_size;
+    start &= TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
+    end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(end);
+    for(addr = start; addr < end; addr += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
+        page_unprotect(addr);
+    }
+}