diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/223 b/tests/qemu-iotests/223
index 5513dc621595beeb3da741115762125532fce3fe..61b46a2f06696c94cd4cbfd804cf5678ded499cd 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/223
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/223
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ echo
 
 _launch_qemu 2> >(_filter_nbd)
 
+# Intentionally provoke some errors as well, to check error handling
 silent=
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"qmp_capabilities"}' "return"
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"blockdev-add",
@@ -114,17 +115,28 @@ _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"blockdev-add",
     "file":{"driver":"file", "filename":"'"$TEST_IMG"'"}}}' "return"
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"block-dirty-bitmap-disable",
   "arguments":{"node":"n", "name":"b"}}' "return"
-_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"block-dirty-bitmap-disable",
-  "arguments":{"node":"n", "name":"b2"}}' "return"
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-add",
+  "arguments":{"device":"n"}}' "error" # Attempt add without server
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-start",
   "arguments":{"addr":{"type":"unix",
     "data":{"path":"'"$TEST_DIR/nbd"'"}}}}' "return"
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-start",
+  "arguments":{"addr":{"type":"unix",
+    "data":{"path":"'"$TEST_DIR/nbd"1'"}}}}' "error" # Attempt second server
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-add",
   "arguments":{"device":"n"}}' "return"
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-add",
+  "arguments":{"device":"nosuch"}}' "error" # Attempt to export missing node
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-add",
+  "arguments":{"device":"n"}}' "error" # Attempt to export same name twice
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"x-nbd-server-add-bitmap",
   "arguments":{"name":"n", "bitmap":"b"}}' "return"
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-add",
   "arguments":{"device":"n", "name":"n2"}}' "return"
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"x-nbd-server-add-bitmap",
+  "arguments":{"name":"n2", "bitmap":"b2"}}' "error" # Attempt enabled bitmap
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"block-dirty-bitmap-disable",
+  "arguments":{"node":"n", "name":"b2"}}' "return"
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"x-nbd-server-add-bitmap",
   "arguments":{"name":"n2", "bitmap":"b2"}}' "return"
 
@@ -157,7 +169,10 @@ _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-remove",
   "arguments":{"name":"n"}}' "return"
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-remove",
   "arguments":{"name":"n2"}}' "return"
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-remove",
+  "arguments":{"name":"n2"}}' "error" # Attempt duplicate clean
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-stop"}' "return"
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"nbd-server-stop"}' "return" # Oops
 _send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE '{"execute":"quit"}' "return"
 
 # success, all done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out
index 99ca172fbb8b39ed0cec007f50e2de68c9f11039..e6ede0591cdc3b8b59dacf19de311a16f85e3a4c 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out
@@ -27,10 +27,15 @@ wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 2097152
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
+{"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "NBD server not running"}}
 {"return": {}}
+{"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "NBD server already running"}}
 {"return": {}}
+{"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Cannot find device=nosuch nor node_name=nosuch"}}
+{"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "NBD server already has export named 'n'"}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
+{"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Bitmap 'b2' is enabled"}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
 
@@ -62,6 +67,8 @@ read 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 2097152
 
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
+{"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Export 'n2' is not found"}}
+{"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"return": {}}
 *** done