diff --git a/cpus-common.c b/cpus-common.c
index 59f751ecf917a90cf7f98fe1eb8f892dbc376e7a..98dd8c6ff1300792228d9f33b12c84e7ef0e16ae 100644
--- a/cpus-common.c
+++ b/cpus-common.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void cpu_list_add(CPUState *cpu)
     } else {
         assert(!cpu_index_auto_assigned);
     }
-    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cpus, cpu, node);
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL_RCU(&cpus, cpu, node);
     qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock);
 
     finish_safe_work(cpu);
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ void cpu_list_remove(CPUState *cpu)
 
     assert(!(cpu_index_auto_assigned && cpu != QTAILQ_LAST(&cpus, CPUTailQ)));
 
-    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cpus, cpu, node);
+    QTAILQ_REMOVE_RCU(&cpus, cpu, node);
     cpu->cpu_index = UNASSIGNED_CPU_INDEX;
     qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock);
 }
diff --git a/cpus.c b/cpus.c
index a5ea3eef804b7c5453da65f46f224a2aa81b6b47..91613491b70dc733cee6b83373d49edb4d6c8aaa 100644
--- a/cpus.c
+++ b/cpus.c
@@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ static void *qemu_tcg_rr_cpu_thread_fn(void *arg)
             atomic_mb_set(&cpu->exit_request, 0);
         }
 
-        qemu_tcg_rr_wait_io_event(cpu ? cpu : QTAILQ_FIRST(&cpus));
+        qemu_tcg_rr_wait_io_event(cpu ? cpu : first_cpu);
         deal_with_unplugged_cpus();
     }
 
diff --git a/include/qom/cpu.h b/include/qom/cpu.h
index ecf6ed556a9cc95a21888b82ecc4a87d22450566..dc130cd3072b124e77c502bbfc95f1ccc8b92d3c 100644
--- a/include/qom/cpu.h
+++ b/include/qom/cpu.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "exec/memattrs.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-types-run-state.h"
 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
+#include "qemu/rcu_queue.h"
 #include "qemu/queue.h"
 #include "qemu/thread.h"
 
@@ -442,13 +443,11 @@ struct CPUState {
 
 QTAILQ_HEAD(CPUTailQ, CPUState);
 extern struct CPUTailQ cpus;
-#define CPU_NEXT(cpu) QTAILQ_NEXT(cpu, node)
-#define CPU_FOREACH(cpu) QTAILQ_FOREACH(cpu, &cpus, node)
+#define first_cpu        QTAILQ_FIRST_RCU(&cpus)
+#define CPU_NEXT(cpu)    QTAILQ_NEXT_RCU(cpu, node)
+#define CPU_FOREACH(cpu) QTAILQ_FOREACH_RCU(cpu, &cpus, node)
 #define CPU_FOREACH_SAFE(cpu, next_cpu) \
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cpu, &cpus, node, next_cpu)
-#define CPU_FOREACH_REVERSE(cpu) \
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(cpu, &cpus, CPUTailQ, node)
-#define first_cpu QTAILQ_FIRST(&cpus)
+    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE_RCU(cpu, &cpus, node, next_cpu)
 
 extern __thread CPUState *current_cpu;
 
diff --git a/linux-user/main.c b/linux-user/main.c
index ea00dd905729d0e8287b1a791f5351ac1530c782..923cbb753acc0b2cccec3ef5d23b87338c537a1c 100644
--- a/linux-user/main.c
+++ b/linux-user/main.c
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ void fork_end(int child)
            Discard information about the parent threads.  */
         CPU_FOREACH_SAFE(cpu, next_cpu) {
             if (cpu != thread_cpu) {
-                QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cpus, cpu, node);
+                QTAILQ_REMOVE_RCU(&cpus, cpu, node);
             }
         }
         qemu_init_cpu_list();
diff --git a/linux-user/syscall.c b/linux-user/syscall.c
index 202aa777ad5a6f90a66f4c2f3d02c77828153515..3c3c1aec48f5648a155be3bf33792196baf64136 100644
--- a/linux-user/syscall.c
+++ b/linux-user/syscall.c
@@ -8157,7 +8157,7 @@ abi_long do_syscall(void *cpu_env, int num, abi_long arg1,
             TaskState *ts;
 
             /* Remove the CPU from the list.  */
-            QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cpus, cpu, node);
+            QTAILQ_REMOVE_RCU(&cpus, cpu, node);
 
             cpu_list_unlock();
 
diff --git a/target/s390x/cpu_models.c b/target/s390x/cpu_models.c
index 12e765ba1f8ccadb79832c4a5597a6c98ee0e84f..265d25c937bb2a2e1b190765a8e16c146d920f5a 100644
--- a/target/s390x/cpu_models.c
+++ b/target/s390x/cpu_models.c
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ void s390_set_qemu_cpu_model(uint16_t type, uint8_t gen, uint8_t ec_ga,
     const S390CPUDef *def = s390_find_cpu_def(type, gen, ec_ga, NULL);
 
     g_assert(def);
-    g_assert(QTAILQ_EMPTY(&cpus));
+    g_assert(QTAILQ_EMPTY_RCU(&cpus));
 
     /* TCG emulates some features that can usually not be enabled with
      * the emulated machine generation. Make sure they can be enabled