// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * KFENCE guarded object allocator and fault handling. * * Copyright (C) 2020, Google LLC. */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kfence: " fmt #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "kfence.h" /* Disables KFENCE on the first warning assuming an irrecoverable error. */ #define KFENCE_WARN_ON(cond) \ ({ \ const bool __cond = WARN_ON(cond); \ if (unlikely(__cond)) \ WRITE_ONCE(kfence_enabled, false); \ __cond; \ }) /* === Data ================================================================= */ static bool kfence_enabled __read_mostly; static unsigned long kfence_sample_interval __read_mostly = CONFIG_KFENCE_SAMPLE_INTERVAL; #ifdef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX #undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX #endif #define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX "kfence." static int param_set_sample_interval(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp) { unsigned long num; int ret = kstrtoul(val, 0, &num); if (ret < 0) return ret; if (!num) /* Using 0 to indicate KFENCE is disabled. */ WRITE_ONCE(kfence_enabled, false); else if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled) && system_state != SYSTEM_BOOTING) return -EINVAL; /* Cannot (re-)enable KFENCE on-the-fly. */ *((unsigned long *)kp->arg) = num; return 0; } static int param_get_sample_interval(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp) { if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled)) return sprintf(buffer, "0\n"); return param_get_ulong(buffer, kp); } static const struct kernel_param_ops sample_interval_param_ops = { .set = param_set_sample_interval, .get = param_get_sample_interval, }; module_param_cb(sample_interval, &sample_interval_param_ops, &kfence_sample_interval, 0600); /* The pool of pages used for guard pages and objects. */ char *__kfence_pool __ro_after_init; EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kfence_pool); /* Export for test modules. */ /* * Per-object metadata, with one-to-one mapping of object metadata to * backing pages (in __kfence_pool). */ static_assert(CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS > 0); struct kfence_metadata kfence_metadata[CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS]; /* Freelist with available objects. */ static struct list_head kfence_freelist = LIST_HEAD_INIT(kfence_freelist); static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(kfence_freelist_lock); /* Lock protecting freelist. */ #ifdef CONFIG_KFENCE_STATIC_KEYS /* The static key to set up a KFENCE allocation. */ DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(kfence_allocation_key); #endif /* Gates the allocation, ensuring only one succeeds in a given period. */ atomic_t kfence_allocation_gate = ATOMIC_INIT(1); /* Statistics counters for debugfs. */ enum kfence_counter_id { KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED, KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCS, KFENCE_COUNTER_FREES, KFENCE_COUNTER_ZOMBIES, KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS, KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT, }; static atomic_long_t counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT]; static const char *const counter_names[] = { [KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED] = "currently allocated", [KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCS] = "total allocations", [KFENCE_COUNTER_FREES] = "total frees", [KFENCE_COUNTER_ZOMBIES] = "zombie allocations", [KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS] = "total bugs", }; static_assert(ARRAY_SIZE(counter_names) == KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT); /* === Internals ============================================================ */ static bool kfence_protect(unsigned long addr) { return !KFENCE_WARN_ON(!kfence_protect_page(ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE), true)); } static bool kfence_unprotect(unsigned long addr) { return !KFENCE_WARN_ON(!kfence_protect_page(ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE), false)); } static inline struct kfence_metadata *addr_to_metadata(unsigned long addr) { long index; /* The checks do not affect performance; only called from slow-paths. */ if (!is_kfence_address((void *)addr)) return NULL; /* * May be an invalid index if called with an address at the edge of * __kfence_pool, in which case we would report an "invalid access" * error. */ index = (addr - (unsigned long)__kfence_pool) / (PAGE_SIZE * 2) - 1; if (index < 0 || index >= CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS) return NULL; return &kfence_metadata[index]; } static inline unsigned long metadata_to_pageaddr(const struct kfence_metadata *meta) { unsigned long offset = (meta - kfence_metadata + 1) * PAGE_SIZE * 2; unsigned long pageaddr = (unsigned long)&__kfence_pool[offset]; /* The checks do not affect performance; only called from slow-paths. */ /* Only call with a pointer into kfence_metadata. */ if (KFENCE_WARN_ON(meta < kfence_metadata || meta >= kfence_metadata + CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS)) return 0; /* * This metadata object only ever maps to 1 page; verify that the stored * address is in the expected range. */ if (KFENCE_WARN_ON(ALIGN_DOWN(meta->addr, PAGE_SIZE) != pageaddr)) return 0; return pageaddr; } /* * Update the object's metadata state, including updating the alloc/free stacks * depending on the state transition. */ static noinline void metadata_update_state(struct kfence_metadata *meta, enum kfence_object_state next) { struct kfence_track *track = next == KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED ? &meta->free_track : &meta->alloc_track; lockdep_assert_held(&meta->lock); /* * Skip over 1 (this) functions; noinline ensures we do not accidentally * skip over the caller by never inlining. */ track->num_stack_entries = stack_trace_save(track->stack_entries, KFENCE_STACK_DEPTH, 1); track->pid = task_pid_nr(current); /* * Pairs with READ_ONCE() in * kfence_shutdown_cache(), * kfence_handle_page_fault(). */ WRITE_ONCE(meta->state, next); } /* Write canary byte to @addr. */ static inline bool set_canary_byte(u8 *addr) { *addr = KFENCE_CANARY_PATTERN(addr); return true; } /* Check canary byte at @addr. */ static inline bool check_canary_byte(u8 *addr) { if (likely(*addr == KFENCE_CANARY_PATTERN(addr))) return true; atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS]); kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, NULL, addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr), KFENCE_ERROR_CORRUPTION); return false; } /* __always_inline this to ensure we won't do an indirect call to fn. */ static __always_inline void for_each_canary(const struct kfence_metadata *meta, bool (*fn)(u8 *)) { const unsigned long pageaddr = ALIGN_DOWN(meta->addr, PAGE_SIZE); unsigned long addr; lockdep_assert_held(&meta->lock); /* * We'll iterate over each canary byte per-side until fn() returns * false. However, we'll still iterate over the canary bytes to the * right of the object even if there was an error in the canary bytes to * the left of the object. Specifically, if check_canary_byte() * generates an error, showing both sides might give more clues as to * what the error is about when displaying which bytes were corrupted. */ /* Apply to left of object. */ for (addr = pageaddr; addr < meta->addr; addr++) { if (!fn((u8 *)addr)) break; } /* Apply to right of object. */ for (addr = meta->addr + meta->size; addr < pageaddr + PAGE_SIZE; addr++) { if (!fn((u8 *)addr)) break; } } static void *kfence_guarded_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, size_t size, gfp_t gfp) { struct kfence_metadata *meta = NULL; unsigned long flags; struct page *page; void *addr; /* Try to obtain a free object. */ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags); if (!list_empty(&kfence_freelist)) { meta = list_entry(kfence_freelist.next, struct kfence_metadata, list); list_del_init(&meta->list); } raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags); if (!meta) return NULL; if (unlikely(!raw_spin_trylock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags))) { /* * This is extremely unlikely -- we are reporting on a * use-after-free, which locked meta->lock, and the reporting * code via printk calls kmalloc() which ends up in * kfence_alloc() and tries to grab the same object that we're * reporting on. While it has never been observed, lockdep does * report that there is a possibility of deadlock. Fix it by * using trylock and bailing out gracefully. */ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags); /* Put the object back on the freelist. */ list_add_tail(&meta->list, &kfence_freelist); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags); return NULL; } meta->addr = metadata_to_pageaddr(meta); /* Unprotect if we're reusing this page. */ if (meta->state == KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED) kfence_unprotect(meta->addr); /* * Note: for allocations made before RNG initialization, will always * return zero. We still benefit from enabling KFENCE as early as * possible, even when the RNG is not yet available, as this will allow * KFENCE to detect bugs due to earlier allocations. The only downside * is that the out-of-bounds accesses detected are deterministic for * such allocations. */ if (prandom_u32_max(2)) { /* Allocate on the "right" side, re-calculate address. */ meta->addr += PAGE_SIZE - size; meta->addr = ALIGN_DOWN(meta->addr, cache->align); } addr = (void *)meta->addr; /* Update remaining metadata. */ metadata_update_state(meta, KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED); /* Pairs with READ_ONCE() in kfence_shutdown_cache(). */ WRITE_ONCE(meta->cache, cache); meta->size = size; for_each_canary(meta, set_canary_byte); /* Set required struct page fields. */ page = virt_to_page(meta->addr); page->slab_cache = cache; if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SLAB)) page->s_mem = addr; raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags); /* Memory initialization. */ /* * We check slab_want_init_on_alloc() ourselves, rather than letting * SL*B do the initialization, as otherwise we might overwrite KFENCE's * redzone. */ if (unlikely(slab_want_init_on_alloc(gfp, cache))) memzero_explicit(addr, size); if (cache->ctor) cache->ctor(addr); if (CONFIG_KFENCE_STRESS_TEST_FAULTS && !prandom_u32_max(CONFIG_KFENCE_STRESS_TEST_FAULTS)) kfence_protect(meta->addr); /* Random "faults" by protecting the object. */ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED]); atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCS]); return addr; } static void kfence_guarded_free(void *addr, struct kfence_metadata *meta, bool zombie) { struct kcsan_scoped_access assert_page_exclusive; unsigned long flags; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags); if (meta->state != KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED || meta->addr != (unsigned long)addr) { /* Invalid or double-free, bail out. */ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS]); kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, NULL, meta, KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID_FREE); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags); return; } /* Detect racy use-after-free, or incorrect reallocation of this page by KFENCE. */ kcsan_begin_scoped_access((void *)ALIGN_DOWN((unsigned long)addr, PAGE_SIZE), PAGE_SIZE, KCSAN_ACCESS_SCOPED | KCSAN_ACCESS_WRITE | KCSAN_ACCESS_ASSERT, &assert_page_exclusive); if (CONFIG_KFENCE_STRESS_TEST_FAULTS) kfence_unprotect((unsigned long)addr); /* To check canary bytes. */ /* Restore page protection if there was an OOB access. */ if (meta->unprotected_page) { kfence_protect(meta->unprotected_page); meta->unprotected_page = 0; } /* Check canary bytes for memory corruption. */ for_each_canary(meta, check_canary_byte); /* * Clear memory if init-on-free is set. While we protect the page, the * data is still there, and after a use-after-free is detected, we * unprotect the page, so the data is still accessible. */ if (!zombie && unlikely(slab_want_init_on_free(meta->cache))) memzero_explicit(addr, meta->size); /* Mark the object as freed. */ metadata_update_state(meta, KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags); /* Protect to detect use-after-frees. */ kfence_protect((unsigned long)addr); kcsan_end_scoped_access(&assert_page_exclusive); if (!zombie) { /* Add it to the tail of the freelist for reuse. */ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags); KFENCE_WARN_ON(!list_empty(&meta->list)); list_add_tail(&meta->list, &kfence_freelist); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags); atomic_long_dec(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED]); atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_FREES]); } else { /* See kfence_shutdown_cache(). */ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ZOMBIES]); } } static void rcu_guarded_free(struct rcu_head *h) { struct kfence_metadata *meta = container_of(h, struct kfence_metadata, rcu_head); kfence_guarded_free((void *)meta->addr, meta, false); } static bool __init kfence_init_pool(void) { unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)__kfence_pool; struct page *pages; int i; if (!__kfence_pool) return false; if (!arch_kfence_init_pool()) goto err; pages = virt_to_page(addr); /* * Set up object pages: they must have PG_slab set, to avoid freeing * these as real pages. * * We also want to avoid inserting kfence_free() in the kfree() * fast-path in SLUB, and therefore need to ensure kfree() correctly * enters __slab_free() slow-path. */ for (i = 0; i < KFENCE_POOL_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE; i++) { if (!i || (i % 2)) continue; /* Verify we do not have a compound head page. */ if (WARN_ON(compound_head(&pages[i]) != &pages[i])) goto err; __SetPageSlab(&pages[i]); } /* * Protect the first 2 pages. The first page is mostly unnecessary, and * merely serves as an extended guard page. However, adding one * additional page in the beginning gives us an even number of pages, * which simplifies the mapping of address to metadata index. */ for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { if (unlikely(!kfence_protect(addr))) goto err; addr += PAGE_SIZE; } for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS; i++) { struct kfence_metadata *meta = &kfence_metadata[i]; /* Initialize metadata. */ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&meta->list); raw_spin_lock_init(&meta->lock); meta->state = KFENCE_OBJECT_UNUSED; meta->addr = addr; /* Initialize for validation in metadata_to_pageaddr(). */ list_add_tail(&meta->list, &kfence_freelist); /* Protect the right redzone. */ if (unlikely(!kfence_protect(addr + PAGE_SIZE))) goto err; addr += 2 * PAGE_SIZE; } return true; err: /* * Only release unprotected pages, and do not try to go back and change * page attributes due to risk of failing to do so as well. If changing * page attributes for some pages fails, it is very likely that it also * fails for the first page, and therefore expect addr==__kfence_pool in * most failure cases. */ memblock_free_late(__pa(addr), KFENCE_POOL_SIZE - (addr - (unsigned long)__kfence_pool)); __kfence_pool = NULL; return false; } /* === DebugFS Interface ==================================================== */ static int stats_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v) { int i; seq_printf(seq, "enabled: %i\n", READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled)); for (i = 0; i < KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT; i++) seq_printf(seq, "%s: %ld\n", counter_names[i], atomic_long_read(&counters[i])); return 0; } DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(stats); /* * debugfs seq_file operations for /sys/kernel/debug/kfence/objects. * start_object() and next_object() return the object index + 1, because NULL is used * to stop iteration. */ static void *start_object(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos) { if (*pos < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS) return (void *)((long)*pos + 1); return NULL; } static void stop_object(struct seq_file *seq, void *v) { } static void *next_object(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos) { ++*pos; if (*pos < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS) return (void *)((long)*pos + 1); return NULL; } static int show_object(struct seq_file *seq, void *v) { struct kfence_metadata *meta = &kfence_metadata[(long)v - 1]; unsigned long flags; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags); kfence_print_object(seq, meta); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags); seq_puts(seq, "---------------------------------\n"); return 0; } static const struct seq_operations object_seqops = { .start = start_object, .next = next_object, .stop = stop_object, .show = show_object, }; static int open_objects(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { return seq_open(file, &object_seqops); } static const struct file_operations objects_fops = { .open = open_objects, .read = seq_read, .llseek = seq_lseek, }; static int __init kfence_debugfs_init(void) { struct dentry *kfence_dir = debugfs_create_dir("kfence", NULL); debugfs_create_file("stats", 0444, kfence_dir, NULL, &stats_fops); debugfs_create_file("objects", 0400, kfence_dir, NULL, &objects_fops); return 0; } late_initcall(kfence_debugfs_init); /* === Allocation Gate Timer ================================================ */ /* * Set up delayed work, which will enable and disable the static key. We need to * use a work queue (rather than a simple timer), since enabling and disabling a * static key cannot be done from an interrupt. * * Note: Toggling a static branch currently causes IPIs, and here we'll end up * with a total of 2 IPIs to all CPUs. If this ends up a problem in future (with * more aggressive sampling intervals), we could get away with a variant that * avoids IPIs, at the cost of not immediately capturing allocations if the * instructions remain cached. */ static struct delayed_work kfence_timer; static void toggle_allocation_gate(struct work_struct *work) { if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled)) return; /* Enable static key, and await allocation to happen. */ atomic_set(&kfence_allocation_gate, 0); #ifdef CONFIG_KFENCE_STATIC_KEYS static_branch_enable(&kfence_allocation_key); /* * Await an allocation. Timeout after 1 second, in case the kernel stops * doing allocations, to avoid stalling this worker task for too long. */ { unsigned long end_wait = jiffies + HZ; do { set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE); if (atomic_read(&kfence_allocation_gate) != 0) break; schedule_timeout(1); } while (time_before(jiffies, end_wait)); __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); } /* Disable static key and reset timer. */ static_branch_disable(&kfence_allocation_key); #endif schedule_delayed_work(&kfence_timer, msecs_to_jiffies(kfence_sample_interval)); } static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(kfence_timer, toggle_allocation_gate); /* === Public interface ===================================================== */ void __init kfence_alloc_pool(void) { if (!kfence_sample_interval) return; __kfence_pool = memblock_alloc(KFENCE_POOL_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE); if (!__kfence_pool) pr_err("failed to allocate pool\n"); } void __init kfence_init(void) { /* Setting kfence_sample_interval to 0 on boot disables KFENCE. */ if (!kfence_sample_interval) return; if (!kfence_init_pool()) { pr_err("%s failed\n", __func__); return; } WRITE_ONCE(kfence_enabled, true); schedule_delayed_work(&kfence_timer, 0); pr_info("initialized - using %lu bytes for %d objects", KFENCE_POOL_SIZE, CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS); if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL)) pr_cont(" at 0x%px-0x%px\n", (void *)__kfence_pool, (void *)(__kfence_pool + KFENCE_POOL_SIZE)); else pr_cont("\n"); } void kfence_shutdown_cache(struct kmem_cache *s) { unsigned long flags; struct kfence_metadata *meta; int i; for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS; i++) { bool in_use; meta = &kfence_metadata[i]; /* * If we observe some inconsistent cache and state pair where we * should have returned false here, cache destruction is racing * with either kmem_cache_alloc() or kmem_cache_free(). Taking * the lock will not help, as different critical section * serialization will have the same outcome. */ if (READ_ONCE(meta->cache) != s || READ_ONCE(meta->state) != KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED) continue; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags); in_use = meta->cache == s && meta->state == KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED; raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags); if (in_use) { /* * This cache still has allocations, and we should not * release them back into the freelist so they can still * safely be used and retain the kernel's default * behaviour of keeping the allocations alive (leak the * cache); however, they effectively become "zombie * allocations" as the KFENCE objects are the only ones * still in use and the owning cache is being destroyed. * * We mark them freed, so that any subsequent use shows * more useful error messages that will include stack * traces of the user of the object, the original * allocation, and caller to shutdown_cache(). */ kfence_guarded_free((void *)meta->addr, meta, /*zombie=*/true); } } for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS; i++) { meta = &kfence_metadata[i]; /* See above. */ if (READ_ONCE(meta->cache) != s || READ_ONCE(meta->state) != KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED) continue; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags); if (meta->cache == s && meta->state == KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED) meta->cache = NULL; raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags); } } void *__kfence_alloc(struct kmem_cache *s, size_t size, gfp_t flags) { /* * allocation_gate only needs to become non-zero, so it doesn't make * sense to continue writing to it and pay the associated contention * cost, in case we have a large number of concurrent allocations. */ if (atomic_read(&kfence_allocation_gate) || atomic_inc_return(&kfence_allocation_gate) > 1) return NULL; if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled)) return NULL; if (size > PAGE_SIZE) return NULL; return kfence_guarded_alloc(s, size, flags); } size_t kfence_ksize(const void *addr) { const struct kfence_metadata *meta = addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr); /* * Read locklessly -- if there is a race with __kfence_alloc(), this is * either a use-after-free or invalid access. */ return meta ? meta->size : 0; } void *kfence_object_start(const void *addr) { const struct kfence_metadata *meta = addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr); /* * Read locklessly -- if there is a race with __kfence_alloc(), this is * either a use-after-free or invalid access. */ return meta ? (void *)meta->addr : NULL; } void __kfence_free(void *addr) { struct kfence_metadata *meta = addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr); /* * If the objects of the cache are SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, defer freeing * the object, as the object page may be recycled for other-typed * objects once it has been freed. meta->cache may be NULL if the cache * was destroyed. */ if (unlikely(meta->cache && (meta->cache->flags & SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU))) call_rcu(&meta->rcu_head, rcu_guarded_free); else kfence_guarded_free(addr, meta, false); } bool kfence_handle_page_fault(unsigned long addr, struct pt_regs *regs) { const int page_index = (addr - (unsigned long)__kfence_pool) / PAGE_SIZE; struct kfence_metadata *to_report = NULL; enum kfence_error_type error_type; unsigned long flags; if (!is_kfence_address((void *)addr)) return false; if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled)) /* If disabled at runtime ... */ return kfence_unprotect(addr); /* ... unprotect and proceed. */ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS]); if (page_index % 2) { /* This is a redzone, report a buffer overflow. */ struct kfence_metadata *meta; int distance = 0; meta = addr_to_metadata(addr - PAGE_SIZE); if (meta && READ_ONCE(meta->state) == KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED) { to_report = meta; /* Data race ok; distance calculation approximate. */ distance = addr - data_race(meta->addr + meta->size); } meta = addr_to_metadata(addr + PAGE_SIZE); if (meta && READ_ONCE(meta->state) == KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED) { /* Data race ok; distance calculation approximate. */ if (!to_report || distance > data_race(meta->addr) - addr) to_report = meta; } if (!to_report) goto out; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&to_report->lock, flags); to_report->unprotected_page = addr; error_type = KFENCE_ERROR_OOB; /* * If the object was freed before we took the look we can still * report this as an OOB -- the report will simply show the * stacktrace of the free as well. */ } else { to_report = addr_to_metadata(addr); if (!to_report) goto out; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&to_report->lock, flags); error_type = KFENCE_ERROR_UAF; /* * We may race with __kfence_alloc(), and it is possible that a * freed object may be reallocated. We simply report this as a * use-after-free, with the stack trace showing the place where * the object was re-allocated. */ } out: if (to_report) { kfence_report_error(addr, regs, to_report, error_type); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&to_report->lock, flags); } else { /* This may be a UAF or OOB access, but we can't be sure. */ kfence_report_error(addr, regs, NULL, KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID); } return kfence_unprotect(addr); /* Unprotect and let access proceed. */ }