/* binder_alloc.c * * Android IPC Subsystem * * Copyright (C) 2007-2017 Google, Inc. * * This software is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public * License version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation, and * may be copied, distributed, and modified under those terms. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "binder_alloc.h" #include "binder_trace.h" static DEFINE_MUTEX(binder_alloc_mmap_lock); enum { BINDER_DEBUG_OPEN_CLOSE = 1U << 1, BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC = 1U << 2, BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC_ASYNC = 1U << 3, }; static uint32_t binder_alloc_debug_mask; module_param_named(debug_mask, binder_alloc_debug_mask, uint, 0644); #define binder_alloc_debug(mask, x...) \ do { \ if (binder_alloc_debug_mask & mask) \ pr_info(x); \ } while (0) static struct binder_buffer *binder_buffer_next(struct binder_buffer *buffer) { return list_entry(buffer->entry.next, struct binder_buffer, entry); } static struct binder_buffer *binder_buffer_prev(struct binder_buffer *buffer) { return list_entry(buffer->entry.prev, struct binder_buffer, entry); } static size_t binder_alloc_buffer_size(struct binder_alloc *alloc, struct binder_buffer *buffer) { if (list_is_last(&buffer->entry, &alloc->buffers)) return alloc->buffer + alloc->buffer_size - (void *)buffer->data; return (size_t)binder_buffer_next(buffer) - (size_t)buffer->data; } static void binder_insert_free_buffer(struct binder_alloc *alloc, struct binder_buffer *new_buffer) { struct rb_node **p = &alloc->free_buffers.rb_node; struct rb_node *parent = NULL; struct binder_buffer *buffer; size_t buffer_size; size_t new_buffer_size; BUG_ON(!new_buffer->free); new_buffer_size = binder_alloc_buffer_size(alloc, new_buffer); binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: add free buffer, size %zd, at %pK\n", alloc->pid, new_buffer_size, new_buffer); while (*p) { parent = *p; buffer = rb_entry(parent, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); BUG_ON(!buffer->free); buffer_size = binder_alloc_buffer_size(alloc, buffer); if (new_buffer_size < buffer_size) p = &parent->rb_left; else p = &parent->rb_right; } rb_link_node(&new_buffer->rb_node, parent, p); rb_insert_color(&new_buffer->rb_node, &alloc->free_buffers); } static void binder_insert_allocated_buffer_locked( struct binder_alloc *alloc, struct binder_buffer *new_buffer) { struct rb_node **p = &alloc->allocated_buffers.rb_node; struct rb_node *parent = NULL; struct binder_buffer *buffer; BUG_ON(new_buffer->free); while (*p) { parent = *p; buffer = rb_entry(parent, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); BUG_ON(buffer->free); if (new_buffer < buffer) p = &parent->rb_left; else if (new_buffer > buffer) p = &parent->rb_right; else BUG(); } rb_link_node(&new_buffer->rb_node, parent, p); rb_insert_color(&new_buffer->rb_node, &alloc->allocated_buffers); } static struct binder_buffer *binder_alloc_prepare_to_free_locked( struct binder_alloc *alloc, uintptr_t user_ptr) { struct rb_node *n = alloc->allocated_buffers.rb_node; struct binder_buffer *buffer; struct binder_buffer *kern_ptr; kern_ptr = (struct binder_buffer *)(user_ptr - alloc->user_buffer_offset - offsetof(struct binder_buffer, data)); while (n) { buffer = rb_entry(n, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); BUG_ON(buffer->free); if (kern_ptr < buffer) n = n->rb_left; else if (kern_ptr > buffer) n = n->rb_right; else { /* * Guard against user threads attempting to * free the buffer twice */ if (buffer->free_in_progress) { pr_err("%d:%d FREE_BUFFER u%016llx user freed buffer twice\n", alloc->pid, current->pid, (u64)user_ptr); return NULL; } buffer->free_in_progress = 1; return buffer; } } return NULL; } /** * binder_alloc_buffer_lookup() - get buffer given user ptr * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc * @user_ptr: User pointer to buffer data * * Validate userspace pointer to buffer data and return buffer corresponding to * that user pointer. Search the rb tree for buffer that matches user data * pointer. * * Return: Pointer to buffer or NULL */ struct binder_buffer *binder_alloc_prepare_to_free(struct binder_alloc *alloc, uintptr_t user_ptr) { struct binder_buffer *buffer; mutex_lock(&alloc->mutex); buffer = binder_alloc_prepare_to_free_locked(alloc, user_ptr); mutex_unlock(&alloc->mutex); return buffer; } static int binder_update_page_range(struct binder_alloc *alloc, int allocate, void *start, void *end, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { void *page_addr; unsigned long user_page_addr; struct page **page; struct mm_struct *mm; binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: %s pages %pK-%pK\n", alloc->pid, allocate ? "allocate" : "free", start, end); if (end <= start) return 0; trace_binder_update_page_range(alloc, allocate, start, end); if (vma) mm = NULL; else mm = get_task_mm(alloc->tsk); if (mm) { down_write(&mm->mmap_sem); vma = alloc->vma; if (vma && mm != alloc->vma_vm_mm) { pr_err("%d: vma mm and task mm mismatch\n", alloc->pid); vma = NULL; } } if (allocate == 0) goto free_range; if (vma == NULL) { pr_err("%d: binder_alloc_buf failed to map pages in userspace, no vma\n", alloc->pid); goto err_no_vma; } for (page_addr = start; page_addr < end; page_addr += PAGE_SIZE) { int ret; page = &alloc->pages[(page_addr - alloc->buffer) / PAGE_SIZE]; BUG_ON(*page); *page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO); if (*page == NULL) { pr_err("%d: binder_alloc_buf failed for page at %pK\n", alloc->pid, page_addr); goto err_alloc_page_failed; } ret = map_kernel_range_noflush((unsigned long)page_addr, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL, page); flush_cache_vmap((unsigned long)page_addr, (unsigned long)page_addr + PAGE_SIZE); if (ret != 1) { pr_err("%d: binder_alloc_buf failed to map page at %pK in kernel\n", alloc->pid, page_addr); goto err_map_kernel_failed; } user_page_addr = (uintptr_t)page_addr + alloc->user_buffer_offset; ret = vm_insert_page(vma, user_page_addr, page[0]); if (ret) { pr_err("%d: binder_alloc_buf failed to map page at %lx in userspace\n", alloc->pid, user_page_addr); goto err_vm_insert_page_failed; } /* vm_insert_page does not seem to increment the refcount */ } if (mm) { up_write(&mm->mmap_sem); mmput(mm); } return 0; free_range: for (page_addr = end - PAGE_SIZE; page_addr >= start; page_addr -= PAGE_SIZE) { page = &alloc->pages[(page_addr - alloc->buffer) / PAGE_SIZE]; if (vma) zap_page_range(vma, (uintptr_t)page_addr + alloc->user_buffer_offset, PAGE_SIZE); err_vm_insert_page_failed: unmap_kernel_range((unsigned long)page_addr, PAGE_SIZE); err_map_kernel_failed: __free_page(*page); *page = NULL; err_alloc_page_failed: ; } err_no_vma: if (mm) { up_write(&mm->mmap_sem); mmput(mm); } return vma ? -ENOMEM : -ESRCH; } struct binder_buffer *binder_alloc_new_buf_locked(struct binder_alloc *alloc, size_t data_size, size_t offsets_size, size_t extra_buffers_size, int is_async) { struct rb_node *n = alloc->free_buffers.rb_node; struct binder_buffer *buffer; size_t buffer_size; struct rb_node *best_fit = NULL; void *has_page_addr; void *end_page_addr; size_t size, data_offsets_size; int ret; if (alloc->vma == NULL) { pr_err("%d: binder_alloc_buf, no vma\n", alloc->pid); return ERR_PTR(-ESRCH); } data_offsets_size = ALIGN(data_size, sizeof(void *)) + ALIGN(offsets_size, sizeof(void *)); if (data_offsets_size < data_size || data_offsets_size < offsets_size) { binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: got transaction with invalid size %zd-%zd\n", alloc->pid, data_size, offsets_size); return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); } size = data_offsets_size + ALIGN(extra_buffers_size, sizeof(void *)); if (size < data_offsets_size || size < extra_buffers_size) { binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: got transaction with invalid extra_buffers_size %zd\n", alloc->pid, extra_buffers_size); return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); } if (is_async && alloc->free_async_space < size + sizeof(struct binder_buffer)) { binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: binder_alloc_buf size %zd failed, no async space left\n", alloc->pid, size); return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC); } while (n) { buffer = rb_entry(n, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); BUG_ON(!buffer->free); buffer_size = binder_alloc_buffer_size(alloc, buffer); if (size < buffer_size) { best_fit = n; n = n->rb_left; } else if (size > buffer_size) n = n->rb_right; else { best_fit = n; break; } } if (best_fit == NULL) { size_t allocated_buffers = 0; size_t largest_alloc_size = 0; size_t total_alloc_size = 0; size_t free_buffers = 0; size_t largest_free_size = 0; size_t total_free_size = 0; for (n = rb_first(&alloc->allocated_buffers); n != NULL; n = rb_next(n)) { buffer = rb_entry(n, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); buffer_size = binder_alloc_buffer_size(alloc, buffer); allocated_buffers++; total_alloc_size += buffer_size; if (buffer_size > largest_alloc_size) largest_alloc_size = buffer_size; } for (n = rb_first(&alloc->free_buffers); n != NULL; n = rb_next(n)) { buffer = rb_entry(n, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); buffer_size = binder_alloc_buffer_size(alloc, buffer); free_buffers++; total_free_size += buffer_size; if (buffer_size > largest_free_size) largest_free_size = buffer_size; } pr_err("%d: binder_alloc_buf size %zd failed, no address space\n", alloc->pid, size); pr_err("allocated: %zd (num: %zd largest: %zd), free: %zd (num: %zd largest: %zd)\n", total_alloc_size, allocated_buffers, largest_alloc_size, total_free_size, free_buffers, largest_free_size); return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC); } if (n == NULL) { buffer = rb_entry(best_fit, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); buffer_size = binder_alloc_buffer_size(alloc, buffer); } binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: binder_alloc_buf size %zd got buffer %pK size %zd\n", alloc->pid, size, buffer, buffer_size); has_page_addr = (void *)(((uintptr_t)buffer->data + buffer_size) & PAGE_MASK); if (n == NULL) { if (size + sizeof(struct binder_buffer) + 4 >= buffer_size) buffer_size = size; /* no room for other buffers */ else buffer_size = size + sizeof(struct binder_buffer); } end_page_addr = (void *)PAGE_ALIGN((uintptr_t)buffer->data + buffer_size); if (end_page_addr > has_page_addr) end_page_addr = has_page_addr; ret = binder_update_page_range(alloc, 1, (void *)PAGE_ALIGN((uintptr_t)buffer->data), end_page_addr, NULL); if (ret) return ERR_PTR(ret); rb_erase(best_fit, &alloc->free_buffers); buffer->free = 0; buffer->free_in_progress = 0; binder_insert_allocated_buffer_locked(alloc, buffer); if (buffer_size != size) { struct binder_buffer *new_buffer = (void *)buffer->data + size; list_add(&new_buffer->entry, &buffer->entry); new_buffer->free = 1; binder_insert_free_buffer(alloc, new_buffer); } binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: binder_alloc_buf size %zd got %pK\n", alloc->pid, size, buffer); buffer->data_size = data_size; buffer->offsets_size = offsets_size; buffer->async_transaction = is_async; buffer->extra_buffers_size = extra_buffers_size; if (is_async) { alloc->free_async_space -= size + sizeof(struct binder_buffer); binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC_ASYNC, "%d: binder_alloc_buf size %zd async free %zd\n", alloc->pid, size, alloc->free_async_space); } return buffer; } /** * binder_alloc_new_buf() - Allocate a new binder buffer * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc * @data_size: size of user data buffer * @offsets_size: user specified buffer offset * @extra_buffers_size: size of extra space for meta-data (eg, security context) * @is_async: buffer for async transaction * * Allocate a new buffer given the requested sizes. Returns * the kernel version of the buffer pointer. The size allocated * is the sum of the three given sizes (each rounded up to * pointer-sized boundary) * * Return: The allocated buffer or %NULL if error */ struct binder_buffer *binder_alloc_new_buf(struct binder_alloc *alloc, size_t data_size, size_t offsets_size, size_t extra_buffers_size, int is_async) { struct binder_buffer *buffer; mutex_lock(&alloc->mutex); buffer = binder_alloc_new_buf_locked(alloc, data_size, offsets_size, extra_buffers_size, is_async); mutex_unlock(&alloc->mutex); return buffer; } static void *buffer_start_page(struct binder_buffer *buffer) { return (void *)((uintptr_t)buffer & PAGE_MASK); } static void *buffer_end_page(struct binder_buffer *buffer) { return (void *)(((uintptr_t)(buffer + 1) - 1) & PAGE_MASK); } static void binder_delete_free_buffer(struct binder_alloc *alloc, struct binder_buffer *buffer) { struct binder_buffer *prev, *next = NULL; int free_page_end = 1; int free_page_start = 1; BUG_ON(alloc->buffers.next == &buffer->entry); prev = binder_buffer_prev(buffer); BUG_ON(!prev->free); if (buffer_end_page(prev) == buffer_start_page(buffer)) { free_page_start = 0; if (buffer_end_page(prev) == buffer_end_page(buffer)) free_page_end = 0; binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: merge free, buffer %pK share page with %pK\n", alloc->pid, buffer, prev); } if (!list_is_last(&buffer->entry, &alloc->buffers)) { next = binder_buffer_next(buffer); if (buffer_start_page(next) == buffer_end_page(buffer)) { free_page_end = 0; if (buffer_start_page(next) == buffer_start_page(buffer)) free_page_start = 0; binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: merge free, buffer %pK share page with %pK\n", alloc->pid, buffer, prev); } } list_del(&buffer->entry); if (free_page_start || free_page_end) { binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: merge free, buffer %pK do not share page%s%s with %pK or %pK\n", alloc->pid, buffer, free_page_start ? "" : " end", free_page_end ? "" : " start", prev, next); binder_update_page_range(alloc, 0, free_page_start ? buffer_start_page(buffer) : buffer_end_page(buffer), (free_page_end ? buffer_end_page(buffer) : buffer_start_page(buffer)) + PAGE_SIZE, NULL); } } static void binder_free_buf_locked(struct binder_alloc *alloc, struct binder_buffer *buffer) { size_t size, buffer_size; buffer_size = binder_alloc_buffer_size(alloc, buffer); size = ALIGN(buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *)) + ALIGN(buffer->offsets_size, sizeof(void *)) + ALIGN(buffer->extra_buffers_size, sizeof(void *)); binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%d: binder_free_buf %pK size %zd buffer_size %zd\n", alloc->pid, buffer, size, buffer_size); BUG_ON(buffer->free); BUG_ON(size > buffer_size); BUG_ON(buffer->transaction != NULL); BUG_ON((void *)buffer < alloc->buffer); BUG_ON((void *)buffer > alloc->buffer + alloc->buffer_size); if (buffer->async_transaction) { alloc->free_async_space += size + sizeof(struct binder_buffer); binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC_ASYNC, "%d: binder_free_buf size %zd async free %zd\n", alloc->pid, size, alloc->free_async_space); } binder_update_page_range(alloc, 0, (void *)PAGE_ALIGN((uintptr_t)buffer->data), (void *)(((uintptr_t)buffer->data + buffer_size) & PAGE_MASK), NULL); rb_erase(&buffer->rb_node, &alloc->allocated_buffers); buffer->free = 1; if (!list_is_last(&buffer->entry, &alloc->buffers)) { struct binder_buffer *next = binder_buffer_next(buffer); if (next->free) { rb_erase(&next->rb_node, &alloc->free_buffers); binder_delete_free_buffer(alloc, next); } } if (alloc->buffers.next != &buffer->entry) { struct binder_buffer *prev = binder_buffer_prev(buffer); if (prev->free) { binder_delete_free_buffer(alloc, buffer); rb_erase(&prev->rb_node, &alloc->free_buffers); buffer = prev; } } binder_insert_free_buffer(alloc, buffer); } /** * binder_alloc_free_buf() - free a binder buffer * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc * @buffer: kernel pointer to buffer * * Free the buffer allocated via binder_alloc_new_buffer() */ void binder_alloc_free_buf(struct binder_alloc *alloc, struct binder_buffer *buffer) { mutex_lock(&alloc->mutex); binder_free_buf_locked(alloc, buffer); mutex_unlock(&alloc->mutex); } /** * binder_alloc_mmap_handler() - map virtual address space for proc * @alloc: alloc structure for this proc * @vma: vma passed to mmap() * * Called by binder_mmap() to initialize the space specified in * vma for allocating binder buffers * * Return: * 0 = success * -EBUSY = address space already mapped * -ENOMEM = failed to map memory to given address space */ int binder_alloc_mmap_handler(struct binder_alloc *alloc, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { int ret; struct vm_struct *area; const char *failure_string; struct binder_buffer *buffer; mutex_lock(&binder_alloc_mmap_lock); if (alloc->buffer) { ret = -EBUSY; failure_string = "already mapped"; goto err_already_mapped; } area = get_vm_area(vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start, VM_IOREMAP); if (area == NULL) { ret = -ENOMEM; failure_string = "get_vm_area"; goto err_get_vm_area_failed; } alloc->buffer = area->addr; alloc->user_buffer_offset = vma->vm_start - (uintptr_t)alloc->buffer; mutex_unlock(&binder_alloc_mmap_lock); #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_CACHE_VIPT if (cache_is_vipt_aliasing()) { while (CACHE_COLOUR( (vma->vm_start ^ (uint32_t)alloc->buffer))) { pr_info("%s: %d %lx-%lx maps %pK bad alignment\n", __func__, alloc->pid, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, alloc->buffer); vma->vm_start += PAGE_SIZE; } } #endif alloc->pages = kzalloc(sizeof(alloc->pages[0]) * ((vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) / PAGE_SIZE), GFP_KERNEL); if (alloc->pages == NULL) { ret = -ENOMEM; failure_string = "alloc page array"; goto err_alloc_pages_failed; } alloc->buffer_size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start; if (binder_update_page_range(alloc, 1, alloc->buffer, alloc->buffer + PAGE_SIZE, vma)) { ret = -ENOMEM; failure_string = "alloc small buf"; goto err_alloc_small_buf_failed; } buffer = alloc->buffer; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&alloc->buffers); list_add(&buffer->entry, &alloc->buffers); buffer->free = 1; binder_insert_free_buffer(alloc, buffer); alloc->free_async_space = alloc->buffer_size / 2; barrier(); alloc->vma = vma; alloc->vma_vm_mm = vma->vm_mm; return 0; err_alloc_small_buf_failed: kfree(alloc->pages); alloc->pages = NULL; err_alloc_pages_failed: mutex_lock(&binder_alloc_mmap_lock); vfree(alloc->buffer); alloc->buffer = NULL; err_get_vm_area_failed: err_already_mapped: mutex_unlock(&binder_alloc_mmap_lock); pr_err("%s: %d %lx-%lx %s failed %d\n", __func__, alloc->pid, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, failure_string, ret); return ret; } void binder_alloc_deferred_release(struct binder_alloc *alloc) { struct rb_node *n; int buffers, page_count; BUG_ON(alloc->vma); buffers = 0; mutex_lock(&alloc->mutex); while ((n = rb_first(&alloc->allocated_buffers))) { struct binder_buffer *buffer; buffer = rb_entry(n, struct binder_buffer, rb_node); /* Transaction should already have been freed */ BUG_ON(buffer->transaction); binder_free_buf_locked(alloc, buffer); buffers++; } page_count = 0; if (alloc->pages) { int i; for (i = 0; i < alloc->buffer_size / PAGE_SIZE; i++) { void *page_addr; if (!alloc->pages[i]) continue; page_addr = alloc->buffer + i * PAGE_SIZE; binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_BUFFER_ALLOC, "%s: %d: page %d at %pK not freed\n", __func__, alloc->pid, i, page_addr); unmap_kernel_range((unsigned long)page_addr, PAGE_SIZE); __free_page(alloc->pages[i]); page_count++; } kfree(alloc->pages); vfree(alloc->buffer); } mutex_unlock(&alloc->mutex); binder_alloc_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_OPEN_CLOSE, "%s: %d buffers %d, pages %d\n", __func__, alloc->pid, buffers, page_count); } static void print_binder_buffer(struct seq_file *m, const char *prefix, struct binder_buffer *buffer) { seq_printf(m, "%s %d: %pK size %zd:%zd:%zd %s\n", prefix, buffer->debug_id, buffer->data, buffer->data_size, buffer->offsets_size, buffer->extra_buffers_size, buffer->transaction ? "active" : "delivered"); } /** * binder_alloc_print_allocated() - print buffer info * @m: seq_file for output via seq_printf() * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc * * Prints information about every buffer associated with * the binder_alloc state to the given seq_file */ void binder_alloc_print_allocated(struct seq_file *m, struct binder_alloc *alloc) { struct rb_node *n; mutex_lock(&alloc->mutex); for (n = rb_first(&alloc->allocated_buffers); n != NULL; n = rb_next(n)) print_binder_buffer(m, " buffer", rb_entry(n, struct binder_buffer, rb_node)); mutex_unlock(&alloc->mutex); } /** * binder_alloc_get_allocated_count() - return count of buffers * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc * * Return: count of allocated buffers */ int binder_alloc_get_allocated_count(struct binder_alloc *alloc) { struct rb_node *n; int count = 0; mutex_lock(&alloc->mutex); for (n = rb_first(&alloc->allocated_buffers); n != NULL; n = rb_next(n)) count++; mutex_unlock(&alloc->mutex); return count; } /** * binder_alloc_vma_close() - invalidate address space * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc * * Called from binder_vma_close() when releasing address space. * Clears alloc->vma to prevent new incoming transactions from * allocating more buffers. */ void binder_alloc_vma_close(struct binder_alloc *alloc) { WRITE_ONCE(alloc->vma, NULL); WRITE_ONCE(alloc->vma_vm_mm, NULL); } /** * binder_alloc_init() - called by binder_open() for per-proc initialization * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc * * Called from binder_open() to initialize binder_alloc fields for * new binder proc */ void binder_alloc_init(struct binder_alloc *alloc) { alloc->tsk = current->group_leader; alloc->pid = current->group_leader->pid; mutex_init(&alloc->mutex); }