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  1. 03 12月, 2016 1 次提交
  3. 10 11月, 2016 1 次提交
  5. 24 8月, 2016 1 次提交
  7. 30 5月, 2016 1 次提交
  9. 26 4月, 2016 2 次提交
  11. 12 4月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      net: ipv4: Consider failed nexthops in multipath routes · a6db4494
      由 David Ahern 提交于 
      Multipath route lookups should consider knowledge about next hops and not
select a hop that is known to be failed.

Example:

                     [h2]                   [h3]   15.0.0.5
                      |                      |
                     3|                     3|
                    [SP1]                  [SP2]--+
                     1  2                   1     2
                     |  |     /-------------+     |
                     |   \   /                    |
                     |     X                      |
                     |    / \                     |
                     |   /   \---------------\    |
                     1  2                     1   2
         12.0.0.2  [TOR1] 3-----------------3 [TOR2] 12.0.0.3
                     4                         4
                      \                       /
                        \                    /
                         \                  /
                          -------|   |-----/
                                 1   2
                                [TOR3]
                                  3|
                                   |
                                  [h1]  12.0.0.1

host h1 with IP 12.0.0.1 has 2 paths to host h3 at 15.0.0.5:

    root@h1:~# ip ro ls
    ...
    12.0.0.0/24 dev swp1  proto kernel  scope link  src 12.0.0.1
    15.0.0.0/16
            nexthop via 12.0.0.2  dev swp1 weight 1
            nexthop via 12.0.0.3  dev swp1 weight 1
    ...

If the link between tor3 and tor1 is down and the link between tor1
and tor2 then tor1 is effectively cut-off from h1. Yet the route lookups
in h1 are alternating between the 2 routes: ping 15.0.0.5 gets one and
ssh 15.0.0.5 gets the other. Connections that attempt to use the
12.0.0.2 nexthop fail since that neighbor is not reachable:

    root@h1:~# ip neigh show
    ...
    12.0.0.3 dev swp1 lladdr 00:02:00:00:00:1b REACHABLE
    12.0.0.2 dev swp1  FAILED
    ...

The failed path can be avoided by considering known neighbor information
when selecting next hops. If the neighbor lookup fails we have no
knowledge about the nexthop, so give it a shot. If there is an entry
then only select the nexthop if the state is sane. This is similar to
what fib_detect_death does.

To maintain backward compatibility use of the neighbor information is
based on a new sysctl, fib_multipath_use_neigh.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Reviewed-by: NJulian Anastasov <ja@ssi.bg>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      a6db4494
  13. 22 3月, 2016 2 次提交
  15. 26 2月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      net: ipv6: Make address flushing on ifdown optional · f1705ec1
      由 David Ahern 提交于 
      Currently, all ipv6 addresses are flushed when the interface is configured
down, including global, static addresses:

    $ ip -6 addr show dev eth1
    3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 state UP qlen 1000
        inet6 2100:1::2/120 scope global
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::e0:f9ff:fe79:34bd/64 scope link
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    $ ip link set dev eth1 down
    $ ip -6 addr show dev eth1
    << nothing; all addresses have been flushed>>

Add a new sysctl to make this behavior optional. The new setting defaults to
flush all addresses to maintain backwards compatibility. When the set global
addresses with no expire times are not flushed on an admin down. The sysctl
is per-interface or system-wide for all interfaces

    $ sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.eth1.keep_addr_on_down=1
or
    $ sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.keep_addr_on_down=1

Will keep addresses on eth1 on an admin down.

    $ ip -6 addr show dev eth1
    3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 state UP qlen 1000
        inet6 2100:1::2/120 scope global
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::e0:f9ff:fe79:34bd/64 scope link
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    $ ip link set dev eth1 down
    $ ip -6 addr show dev eth1
    3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 state DOWN qlen 1000
        inet6 2100:1::2/120 scope global tentative
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::e0:f9ff:fe79:34bd/64 scope link tentative
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
Signed-off-by: NDavid Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      f1705ec1
  17. 11 2月, 2016 4 次提交
  19. 21 1月, 2016 1 次提交
  21. 19 12月, 2015 1 次提交
    • D
      net: Allow accepted sockets to be bound to l3mdev domain · 6dd9a14e
      由 David Ahern 提交于 
      Allow accepted sockets to derive their sk_bound_dev_if setting from the
l3mdev domain in which the packets originated. A sysctl setting is added
to control the behavior which is similar to sk_mark and
sysctl_tcp_fwmark_accept.

This effectively allow a process to have a "VRF-global" listen socket,
with child sockets bound to the VRF device in which the packet originated.
A similar behavior can be achieved using sk_mark, but a solution using marks
is incomplete as it does not handle duplicate addresses in different L3
domains/VRFs. Allowing sockets to inherit the sk_bound_dev_if from l3mdev
domain provides a complete solution.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      6dd9a14e
  23. 16 12月, 2015 1 次提交
  25. 10 11月, 2015 1 次提交
  27. 21 10月, 2015 2 次提交
    • Y
      tcp: use RACK to detect losses · 4f41b1c5
      由 Yuchung Cheng 提交于 
      This patch implements the second half of RACK that uses the the most
recent transmit time among all delivered packets to detect losses.

tcp_rack_mark_lost() is called upon receiving a dubious ACK.
It then checks if an not-yet-sacked packet was sent at least
"reo_wnd" prior to the sent time of the most recently delivered.
If so the packet is deemed lost.

The "reo_wnd" reordering window starts with 1msec for fast loss
detection and changes to min-RTT/4 when reordering is observed.
We found 1msec accommodates well on tiny degree of reordering
(<3 pkts) on faster links. We use min-RTT instead of SRTT because
reordering is more of a path property but SRTT can be inflated by
self-inflicated congestion. The factor of 4 is borrowed from the
delayed early retransmit and seems to work reasonably well.

Since RACK is still experimental, it is now used as a supplemental
loss detection on top of existing algorithms. It is only effective
after the fast recovery starts or after the timeout occurs. The
fast recovery is still triggered by FACK and/or dupack threshold
instead of RACK.

We introduce a new sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_recovery for future
experiments of loss recoveries. For now RACK can be disabled by
setting it to 0.
Signed-off-by: NYuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      4f41b1c5
    • Y
      tcp: track min RTT using windowed min-filter · f6722583
      由 Yuchung Cheng 提交于 
      Kathleen Nichols' algorithm for tracking the minimum RTT of a
data stream over some measurement window. It uses constant space
and constant time per update. Yet it almost always delivers
the same minimum as an implementation that has to keep all
the data in the window. The measurement window is tunable via
sysctl.net.ipv4.tcp_min_rtt_wlen with a default value of 5 minutes.

The algorithm keeps track of the best, 2nd best & 3rd best min
values, maintaining an invariant that the measurement time of
the n'th best >= n-1'th best. It also makes sure that the three
values are widely separated in the time window since that bounds
the worse case error when that data is monotonically increasing
over the window.

Upon getting a new min, we can forget everything earlier because
it has no value - the new min is less than everything else in the
window by definition and it's the most recent. So we restart fresh
on every new min and overwrites the 2nd & 3rd choices. The same
property holds for the 2nd & 3rd best.

Therefore we have to maintain two invariants to maximize the
information in the samples, one on values (1st.v <= 2nd.v <=
3rd.v) and the other on times (now-win <=1st.t <= 2nd.t <= 3rd.t <=
now). These invariants determine the structure of the code

The RTT input to the windowed filter is the minimum RTT measured
from ACK or SACK, or as the last resort from TCP timestamps.

The accessor tcp_min_rtt() returns the minimum RTT seen in the
window. ~0U indicates it is not available. The minimum is 1usec
even if the true RTT is below that.
Signed-off-by: NYuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      f6722583
  29. 14 10月, 2015 1 次提交
  31. 13 10月, 2015 1 次提交
    • P
      ipv4/icmp: redirect messages can use the ingress daddr as source · e2ca690b
      由 Paolo Abeni 提交于 
      This patch allows configuring how the source address of ICMP
redirect messages is selected; by default the old behaviour is
retained, while setting icmp_redirects_use_orig_daddr force the
usage of the destination address of the packet that caused the
redirect.

The new behaviour fits closely the RFC 5798 section 8.1.1, and fix the
following scenario:

Two machines are set up with VRRP to act as routers out of a subnet,
they have IPs x.x.x.1/24 and x.x.x.2/24, with VRRP holding on to
x.x.x.254/24.

If a host in said subnet needs to get an ICMP redirect from the VRRP
router, i.e. to reach a destination behind a different gateway, the
source IP in the ICMP redirect is chosen as the primary IP on the
interface that the packet arrived at, i.e. x.x.x.1 or x.x.x.2.

The host will then ignore said redirect, due to RFC 1122 section 3.2.2.2,
and will continue to use the wrong next-op.
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      e2ca690b
  33. 29 9月, 2015 1 次提交
    • S
      xfrm: Let the flowcache handle its size by default. · c386578f
      由 Steffen Klassert 提交于 
      The xfrm flowcache size is limited by the flowcache limit
(4096 * number of online cpus) and the xfrm garbage collector
threshold (2 * 32768), whatever is reached first. This means
that we can hit the garbage collector limit only on systems
with more than 16 cpus. On such systems we simply refuse
new allocations if we reach the limit, so new flows are dropped.
On syslems with 16 or less cpus, we hit the flowcache limit.
In this case, we shrink the flow cache instead of refusing new
flows.

We increase the xfrm garbage collector threshold to INT_MAX
to get the same behaviour, independent of the number of cpus.

The xfrm garbage collector threshold can still be set below
the flowcache limit to reduce the memory usage of the flowcache.
Tested-by: NDan Streetman <dan.streetman@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
      c386578f
  35. 01 9月, 2015 1 次提交
    • P
      IGMP: Document igmp_link_local_mcast_reports · 87583ebb
      由 Philip Downey 提交于 
      Document the addition of a new sysctl variable which controls the
generation of IGMP reports for link local multicast groups in the
224.0.0.X range.

IGMP reports for local multicast groups can now be optionally
inhibited by setting the value to zero e.g.:
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/igmp_link_local_mcast_reports

To retain backwards compatibility the previous behaviour is retained
by default on system boot or reverted by setting the value back to
non-zero.
Signed-off-by: NPhilip Downey <pdowney@brocade.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      87583ebb
  37. 26 8月, 2015 1 次提交
    • E
      tcp: refine pacing rate determination · 43e122b0
      由 Eric Dumazet 提交于 
      When TCP pacing was added back in linux-3.12, we chose
to apply a fixed ratio of 200 % against current rate,
to allow probing for optimal throughput even during
slow start phase, where cwnd can be doubled every other gRTT.

At Google, we found it was better applying a different ratio
while in Congestion Avoidance phase.
This ratio was set to 120 %.

We've used the normal tcp_in_slow_start() helper for a while,
then tuned the condition to select the conservative ratio
as soon as cwnd >= ssthresh/2 :

- After cwnd reduction, it is safer to ramp up more slowly,
  as we approach optimal cwnd.
- Initial ramp up (ssthresh == INFINITY) still allows doubling
  cwnd every other RTT.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Cc: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Acked-by: NNeal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      43e122b0
  39. 12 8月, 2015 1 次提交
  41. 01 8月, 2015 2 次提交
  43. 31 7月, 2015 1 次提交
    • H
      net/ipv6: add sysctl option accept_ra_min_hop_limit · 8013d1d7
      由 Hangbin Liu 提交于 
      Commit 6fd99094 ("ipv6: Don't reduce hop limit for an interface")
disabled accept hop limit from RA if it is smaller than the current hop
limit for security stuff. But this behavior kind of break the RFC definition.

RFC 4861, 6.3.4.  Processing Received Router Advertisements
   A Router Advertisement field (e.g., Cur Hop Limit, Reachable Time,
   and Retrans Timer) may contain a value denoting that it is
   unspecified.  In such cases, the parameter should be ignored and the
   host should continue using whatever value it is already using.

   If the received Cur Hop Limit value is non-zero, the host SHOULD set
   its CurHopLimit variable to the received value.

So add sysctl option accept_ra_min_hop_limit to let user choose the minimum
hop limit value they can accept from RA. And set default to 1 to meet RFC
standards.
Signed-off-by: NHangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NYOSHIFUJI Hideaki <hideaki.yoshifuji@miraclelinux.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      8013d1d7
  45. 23 7月, 2015 1 次提交
  47. 10 7月, 2015 1 次提交
    • T
      ipv6: Nonlocal bind · 35a256fe
      由 Tom Herbert 提交于 
      Add support to allow non-local binds similar to how this was done for IPv4.
Non-local binds are very useful in emulating the Internet in a box, etc.

This add the ip_nonlocal_bind sysctl under ipv6.

Testing:

Set up nonlocal binding and receive routing on a host, e.g.:

ip -6 rule add from ::/0 iif eth0 lookup 200
ip -6 route add local 2001:0:0:1::/64 dev lo proto kernel scope host table 200
sysctl -w net.ipv6.ip_nonlocal_bind=1

Set up routing to 2001:0:0:1::/64 on peer to go to first host

ping6 -I 2001:0:0:1::1 peer-address -- to verify
Signed-off-by: NTom Herbert <tom@herbertland.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      35a256fe
  49. 28 5月, 2015 1 次提交
    • E
      tcp/dccp: try to not exhaust ip_local_port_range in connect() · 07f4c900
      由 Eric Dumazet 提交于 
      A long standing problem on busy servers is the tiny available TCP port
range (/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range) and the default
sequential allocation of source ports in connect() system call.

If a host is having a lot of active TCP sessions, chances are
very high that all ports are in use by at least one flow,
and subsequent bind(0) attempts fail, or have to scan a big portion of
space to find a slot.

In this patch, I changed the starting point in __inet_hash_connect()
so that we try to favor even [1] ports, leaving odd ports for bind()
users.

We still perform a sequential search, so there is no guarantee, but
if connect() targets are very different, end result is we leave
more ports available to bind(), and we spread them all over the range,
lowering time for both connect() and bind() to find a slot.

This strategy only works well if /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
is even, ie if start/end values have different parity.

Therefore, default /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range was changed to
32768 - 60999 (instead of 32768 - 61000)

There is no change on security aspects here, only some poor hashing
schemes could be eventually impacted by this change.

[1] : The odd/even property depends on ip_local_port_range values parity
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      07f4c900
  51. 20 5月, 2015 1 次提交
    • D
      tcp: add rfc3168, section 6.1.1.1. fallback · 49213555
      由 Daniel Borkmann 提交于 
      This work as a follow-up of commit f7b3bec6 ("net: allow setting ecn
via routing table") and adds RFC3168 section 6.1.1.1. fallback for outgoing
ECN connections. In other words, this work adds a retry with a non-ECN
setup SYN packet, as suggested from the RFC on the first timeout:

  [...] A host that receives no reply to an ECN-setup SYN within the
  normal SYN retransmission timeout interval MAY resend the SYN and
  any subsequent SYN retransmissions with CWR and ECE cleared. [...]

Schematic client-side view when assuming the server is in tcp_ecn=2 mode,
that is, Linux default since 2009 via commit 255cac91 ("tcp: extend
ECN sysctl to allow server-side only ECN"):

 1) Normal ECN-capable path:

    SYN ECE CWR ----->
                <----- SYN ACK ECE
            ACK ----->

 2) Path with broken middlebox, when client has fallback:

    SYN ECE CWR ----X crappy middlebox drops packet
                      (timeout, rtx)
            SYN ----->
                <----- SYN ACK
            ACK ----->

In case we would not have the fallback implemented, the middlebox drop
point would basically end up as:

    SYN ECE CWR ----X crappy middlebox drops packet
                      (timeout, rtx)
    SYN ECE CWR ----X crappy middlebox drops packet
                      (timeout, rtx)
    SYN ECE CWR ----X crappy middlebox drops packet
                      (timeout, rtx)

In any case, it's rather a smaller percentage of sites where there would
occur such additional setup latency: it was found in end of 2014 that ~56%
of IPv4 and 65% of IPv6 servers of Alexa 1 million list would negotiate
ECN (aka tcp_ecn=2 default), 0.42% of these webservers will fail to connect
when trying to negotiate with ECN (tcp_ecn=1) due to timeouts, which the
fallback would mitigate with a slight latency trade-off. Recent related
paper on this topic:

  Brian Trammell, Mirja Kühlewind, Damiano Boppart, Iain Learmonth,
  Gorry Fairhurst, and Richard Scheffenegger:
    "Enabling Internet-Wide Deployment of Explicit Congestion Notification."
    Proc. PAM 2015, New York.
  http://ecn.ethz.ch/ecn-pam15.pdf

Thus, when net.ipv4.tcp_ecn=1 is being set, the patch will perform RFC3168,
section 6.1.1.1. fallback on timeout. For users explicitly not wanting this
which can be in DC use case, we add a net.ipv4.tcp_ecn_fallback knob that
allows for disabling the fallback.

tp->ecn_flags are not being cleared in tcp_ecn_clear_syn() on output, but
rather we let tcp_ecn_rcv_synack() take that over on input path in case a
SYN ACK ECE was delayed. Thus a spurious SYN retransmission will not prevent
ECN being negotiated eventually in that case.

Reference: https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/92/slides/slides-92-iccrg-1.pdf
Reference: https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/89/slides/slides-89-tsvarea-1.pdfSigned-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NMirja Kühlewind <mirja.kuehlewind@tik.ee.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NBrian Trammell <trammell@tik.ee.ethz.ch>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Dave That <dave.taht@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      49213555
  53. 04 5月, 2015 1 次提交
    • T
      ipv6: Flow label state ranges · 82a584b7
      由 Tom Herbert 提交于 
      This patch divides the IPv6 flow label space into two ranges:
0-7ffff is reserved for flow label manager, 80000-fffff will be
used for creating auto flow labels (per RFC6438). This only affects how
labels are set on transmit, it does not affect receive. This range split
can be disbaled by systcl.

Background:

IPv6 flow labels have been an unmitigated disappointment thus far
in the lifetime of IPv6. Support in HW devices to use them for ECMP
is lacking, and OSes don't turn them on by default. If we had these
we could get much better hashing in IPv6 networks without resorting
to DPI, possibly eliminating some of the motivations to to define new
encaps in UDP just for getting ECMP.

Unfortunately, the initial specfications of IPv6 did not clarify
how they are to be used. There has always been a vague concept that
these can be used for ECMP, flow hashing, etc. and we do now have a
good standard how to this in RFC6438. The problem is that flow labels
can be either stateful or stateless (as in RFC6438), and we are
presented with the possibility that a stateless label may collide
with a stateful one.  Attempts to split the flow label space were
rejected in IETF. When we added support in Linux for RFC6438, we
could not turn on flow labels by default due to this conflict.

This patch splits the flow label space and should give us
a path to enabling auto flow labels by default for all IPv6 packets.
This is an API change so we need to consider compatibility with
existing deployment. The stateful range is chosen to be the lower
values in hopes that most uses would have chosen small numbers.

Once we resolve the stateless/stateful issue, we can proceed to
look at enabling RFC6438 flow labels by default (starting with
scaled testing).
Signed-off-by: NTom Herbert <tom@herbertland.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      82a584b7
  55. 24 3月, 2015 1 次提交
  57. 21 3月, 2015 1 次提交
  59. 07 3月, 2015 1 次提交
  61. 08 2月, 2015 1 次提交
    • N
      tcp: helpers to mitigate ACK loops by rate-limiting out-of-window dupacks · 032ee423
      由 Neal Cardwell 提交于 
      Helpers for mitigating ACK loops by rate-limiting dupacks sent in
response to incoming out-of-window packets.

This patch includes:

- rate-limiting logic
- sysctl to control how often we allow dupacks to out-of-window packets
- SNMP counter for cases where we rate-limited our dupack sending

The rate-limiting logic in this patch decides to not send dupacks in
response to out-of-window segments if (a) they are SYNs or pure ACKs
and (b) the remote endpoint is sending them faster than the configured
rate limit.

We rate-limit our responses rather than blocking them entirely or
resetting the connection, because legitimate connections can rely on
dupacks in response to some out-of-window segments. For example, zero
window probes are typically sent with a sequence number that is below
the current window, and ZWPs thus expect to thus elicit a dupack in
response.

We allow dupacks in response to TCP segments with data, because these
may be spurious retransmissions for which the remote endpoint wants to
receive DSACKs. This is safe because segments with data can't
realistically be part of ACK loops, which by their nature consist of
each side sending pure/data-less ACKs to each other.

The dupack interval is controlled by a new sysctl knob,
tcp_invalid_ratelimit, given in milliseconds, in case an administrator
needs to dial this upward in the face of a high-rate DoS attack. The
name and units are chosen to be analogous to the existing analogous
knob for ICMP, icmp_ratelimit.

The default value for tcp_invalid_ratelimit is 500ms, which allows at
most one such dupack per 500ms. This is chosen to be 2x faster than
the 1-second minimum RTO interval allowed by RFC 6298 (section 2, rule
2.4). We allow the extra 2x factor because network delay variations
can cause packets sent at 1 second intervals to be compressed and
arrive much closer.
Reported-by: NAvery Fay <avery@mixpanel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NYuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      032ee423
  63. 26 1月, 2015 1 次提交
  65. 13 1月, 2015 1 次提交