diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
index 77524244a846458a7f561f7722e39b1e5e17b971..9660e598232c5614af35aeb6cf17bdf20f4ef060 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
@@ -157,9 +157,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_ad1816a_probe(int dev, struct pnp_card_link *pcard
 	struct snd_ad1816a *chip;
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = (struct snd_card_ad1816a *)card->private_data;
 
 	if ((error = snd_card_ad1816a_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
index 223a6c038819217a2d5bfb74e81bfd6a56ba1d86..4beeb6f98e0eab9b06d291aa4ac3ea9451f43d95 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_ad1848_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], -1,
 			thinkpad[n] ? WSS_HW_THINKPAD : WSS_HW_DETECT,
diff --git a/sound/isa/adlib.c b/sound/isa/adlib.c
index 374b7177e111d2f806930d84cdb147c1ace28356..7465ae036e0bd9e871ef632e03207e2347bf7b73 100644
--- a/sound/isa/adlib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/adlib.c
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_adlib_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card) {
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0) {
 		dev_err(dev, "could not create card\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
+		return error;
 	}
 
 	card->private_data = request_region(port[n], 4, CRD_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/isa/als100.c b/sound/isa/als100.c
index f1ce30f379c9d5fa06ef68b62b5643b08596871c..5fd52e4d707998769f317b8dbbaf3d7e0839f9f4 100644
--- a/sound/isa/als100.c
+++ b/sound/isa/als100.c
@@ -163,9 +163,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_als100_probe(int dev,
 	struct snd_card_als100 *acard;
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_als100))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_als100), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 
 	if ((error = snd_card_als100_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/azt2320.c b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
index 3e74d1a3928e7f8b6067090cb54f13645f6e746b..f7aa637b0d181497fccdf1f48ff7f352b68ad5e2 100644
--- a/sound/isa/azt2320.c
+++ b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
@@ -184,9 +184,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_azt2320_probe(int dev,
 	struct snd_wss *chip;
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = (struct snd_card_azt2320 *)card->private_data;
 
 	if ((error = snd_card_azt2320_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
index e49aec700a556681ea1e5f05b3e68da7d571852d..24e60902f8ca43e676f19bfc73a53bc8a1080162 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
@@ -467,20 +467,22 @@ static int snd_cmi8330_resume(struct snd_card *card)
 
 #define PFX	"cmi8330: "
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_cmi8330 *acard;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330));
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330), &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "could not get a new card\n");
-		return NULL;
+		return err;
 	}
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	acard->card = card;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -564,9 +566,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
 	if ((err = snd_cmi8330_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
@@ -628,9 +630,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 			       
-	card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	res = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return res;
 	if ((res = snd_cmi8330_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "PnP detection failed\n");
 		snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
index f019d449e2d65cd243c9a5aec5b51c35441c5e99..cb9153e75b8228ab75851b42d74900dae4c263e8 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs4231_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], dma2[n],
 			WSS_HW_DETECT, 0, &chip);
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
index 019c9401663eb9839787f63f4b32d0d9f1cba20b..db830682804f92205c459bafbba6defdb32a0b58 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
@@ -385,10 +385,11 @@ static void snd_card_cs4236_free(struct snd_card *card)
 static struct snd_card *snd_cs423x_card_new(int dev)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236));
-	if (card == NULL)
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return NULL;
 	card->private_free = snd_card_cs4236_free;
 	return card;
diff --git a/sound/isa/dt019x.c b/sound/isa/dt019x.c
index a0242c3b613ef2a22dabb34531724883cc62e529..80f5b1af9be8e9d3ea908502880660f49200c267 100644
--- a/sound/isa/dt019x.c
+++ b/sound/isa/dt019x.c
@@ -150,9 +150,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_dt019x_probe(int dev, struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
 	struct snd_card_dt019x *acard;
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);
diff --git a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
index b46377139cf81d4ffc73d1e10572f6996c5ad4c3..d746750410ea93b29864cea00d8ab698d4b3c963 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_es1688_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	error = snd_es1688_legacy_create(card, dev, n, &chip);
 	if (error < 0)
diff --git a/sound/isa/es18xx.c b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
index 90498e4ca2601f3c82005a4de4eaafd5e857d935..c24c6322fcc956f771e23fd2670df01bc5bf311c 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es18xx.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
@@ -2127,8 +2127,11 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_pnpc(int dev, struct snd_audiodrive *acard,
 
 static struct snd_card *snd_es18xx_card_new(int dev)
 {
-	return snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive));
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	if (snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			    sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive), &card) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	return card;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
index 426532a4d730cfdcc2fa053db7b7f83d84187581..086b8f0e0f94320fb3763e962918265750eaa1b3 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusclassic_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
 	struct snd_gus_card *gus;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	if (pcm_channels[n] < 2)
 		pcm_channels[n] = 2;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
index 7ad4c3b41a848092b2c7d4795d3e70aa1ebb0a4a..180a8dea6bd94cbec45ba6bcae82282cfe7119fb 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
@@ -241,9 +241,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusextreme_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	if (mpu_port[n] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT)
 		mpu_port[n] = 0;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
index f94c1976e632c2c55314cd8daee9e0f9aeb0f716..f26eac8d8110093aed72bfc51dce0340ca972ee9 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
@@ -214,10 +214,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusmax_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
 	struct snd_wss *wss;
 	struct snd_gusmax *maxcard;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_gusmax));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_gusmax), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_gusmax_free;
 	maxcard = (struct snd_gusmax *)card->private_data;
 	maxcard->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
index 5faecfb602d3bec1a66235e5c1e5951f2ec2a215..e040c7638911ed3fa58dd29cd40b70d3eb1d8a2f 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
@@ -630,10 +630,11 @@ static struct snd_card *snd_interwave_card_new(int dev)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_interwave *iwcard;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_interwave));
-	if (card == NULL)
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_interwave), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return NULL;
 	iwcard = card->private_data;
 	iwcard->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
index 58c972b2af03821dd1647dba0494cbd15f17a945..645491a53023920ad31f3f982163c0e520abbe75 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
@@ -617,21 +617,24 @@ static void snd_opl3sa2_free(struct snd_card *card)
 	release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_opl3sa2 *chip;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	strcpy(card->driver, "OPL3SA2");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Yamaha OPL3-SA2");
 	chip = card->private_data;
 	spin_lock_init(&chip->reg_lock);
 	chip->irq = -1;
 	card->private_free = snd_opl3sa2_free;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -723,9 +726,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_pnp_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;
@@ -789,9 +792,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_pnp_cdetect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;
@@ -870,9 +873,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
 	if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
index 440755cc00137c663e39c11e258c76ca5d944bed..02e30d7c6a93b216296ff5298916be79053195ff 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
@@ -1228,9 +1228,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_miro_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int n)
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
 
-	if (!(card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
-				  sizeof(struct snd_miro))))
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_miro), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	card->private_free = snd_card_miro_free;
 	miro = card->private_data;
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
index 19706b0d84978c5307166826b9aed76a0c40f46e..5750f38bb7973f7c5da9762c3499f1703ccb2af0 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
@@ -833,9 +833,11 @@ static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_probe(struct snd_card *card)
 static struct snd_card *snd_opti9xx_card_new(void)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx));
-	if (! card)
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return NULL;
 	card->private_free = snd_card_opti9xx_free;
 	return card;
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/es968.c b/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
index c8c8e214c843421a6288a30b8634cf5a76138134..cafc3a7316a89c4948deaf4d51e7b53fa3cce1c7 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
@@ -108,9 +108,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_es968_probe(int dev,
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_card_es968 *acard;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_es968))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_es968), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	if ((error = snd_card_es968_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
index 2c201f78ce50a0abd79238c51d81e8f8b8482952..adf4fdd2c4aadf05bfea35a49714bbdf29f4a14c 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
@@ -326,9 +326,12 @@ static void snd_sb16_free(struct snd_card *card)
 
 static struct snd_card *snd_sb16_card_new(int dev)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-					sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16));
-	if (card == NULL)
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return NULL;
 	card->private_free = snd_sb16_free;
 	return card;
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
index ea06877be4b135fb8256de12ebe416dc9df46901..3cd57ee54660716a8182d9c33e2771b4263500f6 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_sb8_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_sb8));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_sb8), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_sb8_free;
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/sc6000.c b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
index ca35924dc3b3d05efa49db7051048c5d7b0d4e36..7a1470376c6dbb7b5f07bab1faaae124028de7b2 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sc6000.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
@@ -489,9 +489,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sc6000_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int dev)
 	char __iomem *vmss_port;
 
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
 		xirq = snd_legacy_find_free_irq(possible_irqs);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c b/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
index 2c7503bf12714ade916d128576e7a2edc6c8300e..6fe27b9d944035a9ab0ec82d54500ec60401f02c 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sgalaxy_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int dev)
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_wss *chip;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	xirq = irq[dev];
 	if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/sscape.c b/sound/isa/sscape.c
index 48a16d865834b023704eea64b0c27d062bc6dc94..4025fb558c5005d1b5143d8b3f41f679e6f54184 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sscape.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sscape.c
@@ -1357,10 +1357,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_sscape_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
 	struct soundscape *sscape;
 	int ret;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct soundscape));
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	ret = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
 	sscape->type = SSCAPE;
@@ -1462,10 +1462,10 @@ static int __devinit sscape_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
 	 * Create a new ALSA sound card entry, in anticipation
 	 * of detecting our hardware ...
 	 */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct soundscape));
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	ret = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
index 4c095bc7c7291165c91163293b2390ce14d60f46..82b8fb746908fb2172b77246ad193015cf9a4f03 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
@@ -342,10 +342,11 @@ static struct snd_card *snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	snd_wavefront_card_t *acard;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new (index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			     sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t));
-	if (card == NULL)
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return NULL;
 
 	acard = card->private_data;