TCPCT part 1f: Initiator Cookie => Responder

Calculate and format <SYN> TCP_COOKIE option.

This is a significantly revised implementation of an earlier (year-old)
patch that no longer applies cleanly, with permission of the original
author (Adam Langley):

    http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/102586

Requires:
   TCPCT part 1c: sysctl_tcp_cookie_size, socket option TCP_COOKIE_TRANSACTIONS
   TCPCT part 1d: define TCP cookie option, extend existing struct's

Signed-off-by: William.Allen.Simpson@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

net/ipv4/tcp_output.c

@@ -365,15 +365,45 @@ static inline int tcp_urg_mode(const struct tcp_sock *tp)
 #define OPTION_TS		(1 << 1)
 #define OPTION_MD5		(1 << 2)
 #define OPTION_WSCALE		(1 << 3)
+#define OPTION_COOKIE_EXTENSION	(1 << 4)
 
 struct tcp_out_options {
 	u8 options;		/* bit field of OPTION_* */
 	u8 ws;			/* window scale, 0 to disable */
 	u8 num_sack_blocks;	/* number of SACK blocks to include */
+	u8 hash_size;		/* bytes in hash_location */
 	u16 mss;		/* 0 to disable */
 	__u32 tsval, tsecr;	/* need to include OPTION_TS */
+	__u8 *hash_location;	/* temporary pointer, overloaded */
 };
 
+/* The sysctl int routines are generic, so check consistency here.
+ */
+static u8 tcp_cookie_size_check(u8 desired)
+{
+	if (desired > 0) {
+		/* previously specified */
+		return desired;
+	}
+	if (sysctl_tcp_cookie_size <= 0) {
+		/* no default specified */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (sysctl_tcp_cookie_size <= TCP_COOKIE_MIN) {
+		/* value too small, specify minimum */
+		return TCP_COOKIE_MIN;
+	}
+	if (sysctl_tcp_cookie_size >= TCP_COOKIE_MAX) {
+		/* value too large, specify maximum */
+		return TCP_COOKIE_MAX;
+	}
+	if (0x1 & sysctl_tcp_cookie_size) {
+		/* 8-bit multiple, illegal, fix it */
+		return (u8)(sysctl_tcp_cookie_size + 0x1);
+	}
+	return (u8)sysctl_tcp_cookie_size;
+}
+
 /* Write previously computed TCP options to the packet.
  *
  * Beware: Something in the Internet is very sensitive to the ordering of
@@ -388,17 +418,34 @@ struct tcp_out_options {
  * (but it may well be that other scenarios fail similarly).
  */
 static void tcp_options_write(__be32 *ptr, struct tcp_sock *tp,
-			      const struct tcp_out_options *opts,
-			      __u8 **md5_hash) {
-	if (unlikely(OPTION_MD5 & opts->options)) {
+			      struct tcp_out_options *opts)
+{
+	u8 options = opts->options;	/* mungable copy */
+
+	/* Having both authentication and cookies for security is redundant,
+	 * and there's certainly not enough room.  Instead, the cookie-less
+	 * extension variant is proposed.
+	 *
+	 * Consider the pessimal case with authentication.  The options
+	 * could look like:
+	 *   COOKIE|MD5(20) + MSS(4) + SACK|TS(12) + WSCALE(4) == 40
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(OPTION_MD5 & options)) {
+		if (unlikely(OPTION_COOKIE_EXTENSION & options)) {
+			*ptr++ = htonl((TCPOPT_COOKIE << 24) |
+				       (TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE << 16) |
+				       (TCPOPT_MD5SIG << 8) |
+				       TCPOLEN_MD5SIG);
+		} else {
 			*ptr++ = htonl((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) |
 				       (TCPOPT_NOP << 16) |
 				       (TCPOPT_MD5SIG << 8) |
 				       TCPOLEN_MD5SIG);
-		*md5_hash = (__u8 *)ptr;
+		}
+		options &= ~OPTION_COOKIE_EXTENSION;
+		/* overload cookie hash location */
+		opts->hash_location = (__u8 *)ptr;
 		ptr += 4;
-	} else {
-		*md5_hash = NULL;
 	}
 
 	if (unlikely(opts->mss)) {
@@ -407,12 +454,13 @@ static void tcp_options_write(__be32 *ptr, struct tcp_sock *tp,
 			       opts->mss);
 	}
 
-	if (likely(OPTION_TS & opts->options)) {
-		if (unlikely(OPTION_SACK_ADVERTISE & opts->options)) {
+	if (likely(OPTION_TS & options)) {
+		if (unlikely(OPTION_SACK_ADVERTISE & options)) {
 			*ptr++ = htonl((TCPOPT_SACK_PERM << 24) |
 				       (TCPOLEN_SACK_PERM << 16) |
 				       (TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP << 8) |
 				       TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP);
+			options &= ~OPTION_SACK_ADVERTISE;
 		} else {
 			*ptr++ = htonl((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) |
 				       (TCPOPT_NOP << 16) |
@@ -423,15 +471,52 @@ static void tcp_options_write(__be32 *ptr, struct tcp_sock *tp,
 		*ptr++ = htonl(opts->tsecr);
 	}
 
-	if (unlikely(OPTION_SACK_ADVERTISE & opts->options &&
-		     !(OPTION_TS & opts->options))) {
+	/* Specification requires after timestamp, so do it now.
+	 *
+	 * Consider the pessimal case without authentication.  The options
+	 * could look like:
+	 *   MSS(4) + SACK|TS(12) + COOKIE(20) + WSCALE(4) == 40
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(OPTION_COOKIE_EXTENSION & options)) {
+		__u8 *cookie_copy = opts->hash_location;
+		u8 cookie_size = opts->hash_size;
+
+		/* 8-bit multiple handled in tcp_cookie_size_check() above,
+		 * and elsewhere.
+		 */
+		if (0x2 & cookie_size) {
+			__u8 *p = (__u8 *)ptr;
+
+			/* 16-bit multiple */
+			*p++ = TCPOPT_COOKIE;
+			*p++ = TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE + cookie_size;
+			*p++ = *cookie_copy++;
+			*p++ = *cookie_copy++;
+			ptr++;
+			cookie_size -= 2;
+		} else {
+			/* 32-bit multiple */
+			*ptr++ = htonl(((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) |
+					(TCPOPT_NOP << 16) |
+					(TCPOPT_COOKIE << 8) |
+					TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE) +
+				       cookie_size);
+		}
+
+		if (cookie_size > 0) {
+			memcpy(ptr, cookie_copy, cookie_size);
+			ptr += (cookie_size / 4);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(OPTION_SACK_ADVERTISE & options)) {
 		*ptr++ = htonl((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) |
 			       (TCPOPT_NOP << 16) |
 			       (TCPOPT_SACK_PERM << 8) |
 			       TCPOLEN_SACK_PERM);
 	}
 
-	if (unlikely(OPTION_WSCALE & opts->options)) {
+	if (unlikely(OPTION_WSCALE & options)) {
 		*ptr++ = htonl((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) |
 			       (TCPOPT_WINDOW << 16) |
 			       (TCPOLEN_WINDOW << 8) |
@@ -466,14 +551,18 @@ static unsigned tcp_syn_options(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
 				struct tcp_out_options *opts,
 				struct tcp_md5sig_key **md5) {
 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
-	unsigned size = 0;
+	struct tcp_cookie_values *cvp = tp->cookie_values;
 	struct dst_entry *dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);
+	unsigned remaining = MAX_TCP_OPTION_SPACE;
+	u8 cookie_size = (!tp->rx_opt.cookie_out_never && cvp != NULL) ?
+			 tcp_cookie_size_check(cvp->cookie_desired) :
+			 0;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG
 	*md5 = tp->af_specific->md5_lookup(sk, sk);
 	if (*md5) {
 		opts->options |= OPTION_MD5;
-		size += TCPOLEN_MD5SIG_ALIGNED;
+		remaining -= TCPOLEN_MD5SIG_ALIGNED;
 	}
 #else
 	*md5 = NULL;
@@ -489,7 +578,7 @@ static unsigned tcp_syn_options(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
 	 * SACKs don't matter, we never delay an ACK when we have any of those
 	 * going out.  */
 	opts->mss = tcp_advertise_mss(sk);
-	size += TCPOLEN_MSS_ALIGNED;
+	remaining -= TCPOLEN_MSS_ALIGNED;
 
 	if (likely(sysctl_tcp_timestamps &&
 		   !dst_feature(dst, RTAX_FEATURE_NO_TSTAMP) &&
@@ -497,22 +586,68 @@ static unsigned tcp_syn_options(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
 		opts->options |= OPTION_TS;
 		opts->tsval = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->when;
 		opts->tsecr = tp->rx_opt.ts_recent;
-		size += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;
+		remaining -= TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;
 	}
 	if (likely(sysctl_tcp_window_scaling &&
 		   !dst_feature(dst, RTAX_FEATURE_NO_WSCALE))) {
 		opts->ws = tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale;
 		opts->options |= OPTION_WSCALE;
-		size += TCPOLEN_WSCALE_ALIGNED;
+		remaining -= TCPOLEN_WSCALE_ALIGNED;
 	}
 	if (likely(sysctl_tcp_sack &&
 		   !dst_feature(dst, RTAX_FEATURE_NO_SACK))) {
 		opts->options |= OPTION_SACK_ADVERTISE;
 		if (unlikely(!(OPTION_TS & opts->options)))
-			size += TCPOLEN_SACKPERM_ALIGNED;
+			remaining -= TCPOLEN_SACKPERM_ALIGNED;
 	}
 
-	return size;
+	/* Note that timestamps are required by the specification.
+	 *
+	 * Odd numbers of bytes are prohibited by the specification, ensuring
+	 * that the cookie is 16-bit aligned, and the resulting cookie pair is
+	 * 32-bit aligned.
+	 */
+	if (*md5 == NULL &&
+	    (OPTION_TS & opts->options) &&
+	    cookie_size > 0) {
+		int need = TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE + cookie_size;
+
+		if (0x2 & need) {
+			/* 32-bit multiple */
+			need += 2; /* NOPs */
+
+			if (need > remaining) {
+				/* try shrinking cookie to fit */
+				cookie_size -= 2;
+				need -= 4;
+			}
+		}
+		while (need > remaining && TCP_COOKIE_MIN <= cookie_size) {
+			cookie_size -= 4;
+			need -= 4;
+		}
+		if (TCP_COOKIE_MIN <= cookie_size) {
+			opts->options |= OPTION_COOKIE_EXTENSION;
+			opts->hash_location = (__u8 *)&cvp->cookie_pair[0];
+			opts->hash_size = cookie_size;
+
+			/* Remember for future incarnations. */
+			cvp->cookie_desired = cookie_size;
+
+			if (cvp->cookie_desired != cvp->cookie_pair_size) {
+				/* Currently use random bytes as a nonce,
+				 * assuming these are completely unpredictable
+				 * by hostile users of the same system.
+				 */
+				get_random_bytes(&cvp->cookie_pair[0],
+						 cookie_size);
+				cvp->cookie_pair_size = cookie_size;
+			}
+
+			remaining -= need;
+		}
+	}
+	return MAX_TCP_OPTION_SPACE - remaining;
 }
 
 /* Set up TCP options for SYN-ACKs. */
@@ -627,7 +762,6 @@ static int tcp_transmit_skb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, int clone_it,
 	struct tcp_out_options opts;
 	unsigned tcp_options_size, tcp_header_size;
 	struct tcp_md5sig_key *md5;
-	__u8 *md5_hash_location;
 	struct tcphdr *th;
 	int err;
 
@@ -698,7 +832,7 @@ static int tcp_transmit_skb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, int clone_it,
 		}
 	}
 
-	tcp_options_write((__be32 *)(th + 1), tp, &opts, &md5_hash_location);
+	tcp_options_write((__be32 *)(th + 1), tp, &opts);
 	if (likely((tcb->flags & TCPCB_FLAG_SYN) == 0))
 		TCP_ECN_send(sk, skb, tcp_header_size);
 
@@ -706,7 +840,7 @@ static int tcp_transmit_skb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, int clone_it,
 	/* Calculate the MD5 hash, as we have all we need now */
 	if (md5) {
 		sk->sk_route_caps &= ~NETIF_F_GSO_MASK;
-		tp->af_specific->calc_md5_hash(md5_hash_location,
+		tp->af_specific->calc_md5_hash(opts.hash_location,
 					       md5, sk, NULL, skb);
 	}
 #endif
@@ -2230,14 +2364,13 @@ struct sk_buff *tcp_make_synack(struct sock *sk, struct dst_entry *dst,
 				struct request_sock *req,
 				struct request_values *rvp)
 {
+	struct tcp_out_options opts;
 	struct inet_request_sock *ireq = inet_rsk(req);
 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
 	struct tcphdr *th;
-	int tcp_header_size;
-	struct tcp_out_options opts;
 	struct sk_buff *skb;
 	struct tcp_md5sig_key *md5;
-	__u8 *md5_hash_location;
+	int tcp_header_size;
 	int mss;
 
 	skb = sock_wmalloc(sk, MAX_TCP_HEADER + 15, 1, GFP_ATOMIC);
@@ -2298,14 +2431,14 @@ struct sk_buff *tcp_make_synack(struct sock *sk, struct dst_entry *dst,
 
 	/* RFC1323: The window in SYN & SYN/ACK segments is never scaled. */
 	th->window = htons(min(req->rcv_wnd, 65535U));
-	tcp_options_write((__be32 *)(th + 1), tp, &opts, &md5_hash_location);
+	tcp_options_write((__be32 *)(th + 1), tp, &opts);
 	th->doff = (tcp_header_size >> 2);
 	TCP_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_OUTSEGS);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG
 	/* Okay, we have all we need - do the md5 hash if needed */
 	if (md5) {
-		tcp_rsk(req)->af_specific->calc_md5_hash(md5_hash_location,
+		tcp_rsk(req)->af_specific->calc_md5_hash(opts.hash_location,
 					       md5, NULL, req, skb);
 	}
 #endif