uacce: Add documents for uacce

Uacce (Unified/User-space-access-intended Accelerator Framework) is
a kernel module targets to provide Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA)
between the accelerator and process.

This patch add document to explain how it works.
Reviewed-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NKenneth Lee <liguozhu@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: NZaibo Xu <xuzaibo@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NZhou Wang <wangzhou1@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: NZhangfei Gao <zhangfei.gao@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NHerbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Documentation/misc-devices/uacce.rst

+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Introduction of Uacce
+---------------------
+
+Uacce (Unified/User-space-access-intended Accelerator Framework) targets to
+provide Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) between accelerators and processes.
+So accelerator can access any data structure of the main cpu.
+This differs from the data sharing between cpu and io device, which share
+only data content rather than address.
+Because of the unified address, hardware and user space of process can
+share the same virtual address in the communication.
+Uacce takes the hardware accelerator as a heterogeneous processor, while
+IOMMU share the same CPU page tables and as a result the same translation
+from va to pa.
+
+::
+
+         __________________________       __________________________
+        |                          |     |                          |
+        |  User application (CPU)  |     |   Hardware Accelerator   |
+        |__________________________|     |__________________________|
+
+                     |                                 |
+                     | va                              | va
+                     V                                 V
+                 __________                        __________
+                |          |                      |          |
+                |   MMU    |                      |  IOMMU   |
+                |__________|                      |__________|
+                     |                                 |
+                     |                                 |
+                     V pa                              V pa
+                 _______________________________________
+                |                                       |
+                |              Memory                   |
+                |_______________________________________|
+
+
+
+Architecture
+------------
+
+Uacce is the kernel module, taking charge of iommu and address sharing.
+The user drivers and libraries are called WarpDrive.
+
+The uacce device, built around the IOMMU SVA API, can access multiple
+address spaces, including the one without PASID.
+
+A virtual concept, queue, is used for the communication. It provides a
+FIFO-like interface. And it maintains a unified address space between the
+application and all involved hardware.
+
+::
+
+                             ___________________                  ________________
+                            |                   |   user API     |                |
+                            | WarpDrive library | ------------>  |  user driver   |
+                            |___________________|                |________________|
+                                     |                                    |
+                                     |                                    |
+                                     | queue fd                           |
+                                     |                                    |
+                                     |                                    |
+                                     v                                    |
+     ___________________         _________                                |
+    |                   |       |         |                               | mmap memory
+    | Other framework   |       |  uacce  |                               | r/w interface
+    | crypto/nic/others |       |_________|                               |
+    |___________________|                                                 |
+             |                       |                                    |
+             | register              | register                           |
+             |                       |                                    |
+             |                       |                                    |
+             |                _________________       __________          |
+             |               |                 |     |          |         |
+              -------------  |  Device Driver  |     |  IOMMU   |         |
+                             |_________________|     |__________|         |
+                                     |                                    |
+                                     |                                    V
+                                     |                            ___________________
+                                     |                           |                   |
+                                     --------------------------  |  Device(Hardware) |
+                                                                 |___________________|
+
+
+How does it work
+----------------
+
+Uacce uses mmap and IOMMU to play the trick.
+
+Uacce creates a chrdev for every device registered to it. New queue is
+created when user application open the chrdev. The file descriptor is used
+as the user handle of the queue.
+The accelerator device present itself as an Uacce object, which exports as
+a chrdev to the user space. The user application communicates with the
+hardware by ioctl (as control path) or share memory (as data path).
+
+The control path to the hardware is via file operation, while data path is
+via mmap space of the queue fd.
+
+The queue file address space:
+
+::
+
+   /**
+   * enum uacce_qfrt: qfrt type
+   * @UACCE_QFRT_MMIO: device mmio region
+   * @UACCE_QFRT_DUS: device user share region
+   */
+  enum uacce_qfrt {
+          UACCE_QFRT_MMIO = 0,
+          UACCE_QFRT_DUS = 1,
+  };
+
+All regions are optional and differ from device type to type.
+Each region can be mmapped only once, otherwise -EEXIST returns.
+
+The device mmio region is mapped to the hardware mmio space. It is generally
+used for doorbell or other notification to the hardware. It is not fast enough
+as data channel.
+
+The device user share region is used for share data buffer between user process
+and device.
+
+
+The Uacce register API
+----------------------
+
+The register API is defined in uacce.h.
+
+::
+
+  struct uacce_interface {
+    char name[UACCE_MAX_NAME_SIZE];
+    unsigned int flags;
+    const struct uacce_ops *ops;
+  };
+
+According to the IOMMU capability, uacce_interface flags can be:
+
+::
+
+  /**
+   * UACCE Device flags:
+   * UACCE_DEV_SVA: Shared Virtual Addresses
+   *              Support PASID
+   *              Support device page faults (PCI PRI or SMMU Stall)
+   */
+  #define UACCE_DEV_SVA               BIT(0)
+
+  struct uacce_device *uacce_alloc(struct device *parent,
+                                   struct uacce_interface *interface);
+  int uacce_register(struct uacce_device *uacce);
+  void uacce_remove(struct uacce_device *uacce);
+
+uacce_register results can be:
+
+a. If uacce module is not compiled, ERR_PTR(-ENODEV)
+
+b. Succeed with the desired flags
+
+c. Succeed with the negotiated flags, for example
+
+  uacce_interface.flags = UACCE_DEV_SVA but uacce->flags = ~UACCE_DEV_SVA
+
+  So user driver need check return value as well as the negotiated uacce->flags.
+
+
+The user driver
+---------------
+
+The queue file mmap space will need a user driver to wrap the communication
+protocol. Uacce provides some attributes in sysfs for the user driver to
+match the right accelerator accordingly.
+More details in Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-uacce.