diff --git a/Documentation/loongarch/introduction.rst b/Documentation/loongarch/introduction.rst
index 216b3f390e806ae4d366d43a6260031b7fca2cb4..6c9160c4e9be88ccdb962d4af03972ccec121aff 100644
--- a/Documentation/loongarch/introduction.rst
+++ b/Documentation/loongarch/introduction.rst
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ I26         Opcode + I26L + I26H
 =========== ==========================
 
 Rd is the destination register operand, while Rj, Rk and Ra ("a" stands for
-"additional") are the source register operands. I8/I12/I16/I21/I26 are
+"additional") are the source register operands. I8/I12/I14/I16/I21/I26 are
 immediate operands of respective width. The longer I21 and I26 are stored
 in separate higher and lower parts in the instruction word, denoted by the "L"
 and "H" suffixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst
index 11686ee0caeb1e4b7c45a5e9fdefd9c0a4018362..128878f5bb70518ac9a292f4bc435e5fcff938ad 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ I26         Opcode + I26L + I26H
 =========== ==========================
 
 Opcode是指令操作码，Rj和Rk是源操作数（寄存器），Rd是目标操作数（寄存器），Ra是
-4R-type格式特有的附加操作数（寄存器）。I8/I12/I16/I21/I26分别是8位/12位/16位/
-21位/26位的立即数。其中较长的21位和26位立即数在指令字中被分割为高位部分与低位
+4R-type格式特有的附加操作数（寄存器）。I8/I12/I14/I16/I21/I26分别是8位/12位/14位/
+16位/21位/26位的立即数。其中较长的21位和26位立即数在指令字中被分割为高位部分与低位
 部分，所以你们在这里的格式描述中能够看到I21L/I21H和I26L/I26H这样带后缀的表述。
 
 指令列表
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
index ae15610a94273271520ba0c87ebcec8e3abf5c40..4abc9a28aba4eee5959f7a1e17f4814a945165c0 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 config LOONGARCH
 	bool
 	default y
+	select ACPI
 	select ACPI_GENERIC_GSI if ACPI
+	select ACPI_MCFG if ACPI
 	select ACPI_SYSTEM_POWER_STATES_SUPPORT	if ACPI
 	select ARCH_BINFMT_ELF_STATE
 	select ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ config LOONGARCH
 	select ARCH_MIGHT_HAVE_PC_PARPORT
 	select ARCH_MIGHT_HAVE_PC_SERIO
 	select ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
+	select ARCH_STACKWALK
 	select ARCH_SUPPORTS_ACPI
 	select ARCH_SUPPORTS_ATOMIC_RMW
 	select ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGETLBFS
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ config LOONGARCH
 	select ARCH_WANTS_NO_INSTR
 	select BUILDTIME_TABLE_SORT
 	select COMMON_CLK
+	select EFI
 	select GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS
 	select GENERIC_CMOS_UPDATE
 	select GENERIC_CPU_AUTOPROBE
@@ -86,6 +90,7 @@ config LOONGARCH
 	select HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
 	select HAVE_MOD_ARCH_SPECIFIC
 	select HAVE_NMI
+	select HAVE_PCI
 	select HAVE_PERF_EVENTS
 	select HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API
 	select HAVE_RSEQ
@@ -95,20 +100,27 @@ config LOONGARCH
 	select HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN if !SMP
 	select IRQ_FORCED_THREADING
 	select IRQ_LOONGARCH_CPU
+	select MMU_GATHER_MERGE_VMAS if MMU
 	select MODULES_USE_ELF_RELA if MODULES
 	select NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
 	select NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
 	select OF
 	select OF_EARLY_FLATTREE
+	select PCI
+	select PCI_DOMAINS_GENERIC
+	select PCI_ECAM if ACPI
+	select PCI_LOONGSON
+	select PCI_MSI_ARCH_FALLBACKS
 	select PERF_USE_VMALLOC
 	select RTC_LIB
+	select SMP
 	select SPARSE_IRQ
 	select SYSCTL_EXCEPTION_TRACE
 	select SWIOTLB
 	select TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT
 	select USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
+	select USER_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT
 	select ZONE_DMA32
-	select MMU_GATHER_MERGE_VMAS if MMU
 
 config 32BIT
 	bool
@@ -141,6 +153,10 @@ config LOCKDEP_SUPPORT
 	bool
 	default y
 
+config STACKTRACE_SUPPORT
+	bool
+	default y
+
 # MACH_LOONGSON32 and MACH_LOONGSON64 are delibrately carried over from the
 # MIPS Loongson code, to preserve Loongson-specific code paths in drivers that
 # are shared between architectures, and specifically expecting the symbols.
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig.debug b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig.debug
index e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391..8d36aab530083b9c57355ea0dd96f69e23a64765 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig.debug
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+choice
+	prompt "Choose kernel unwinder"
+	default UNWINDER_PROLOGUE if KALLSYMS
+	help
+	  This determines which method will be used for unwinding kernel stack
+	  traces for panics, oopses, bugs, warnings, perf, /proc/<pid>/stack,
+	  lockdep, and more.
+
+config UNWINDER_GUESS
+	bool "Guess unwinder"
+	help
+	  This option enables the "guess" unwinder for unwinding kernel stack
+	  traces.  It scans the stack and reports every kernel text address it
+	  finds.  Some of the addresses it reports may be incorrect.
+
+	  While this option often produces false positives, it can still be
+	  useful in many cases.
+
+config UNWINDER_PROLOGUE
+	bool "Prologue unwinder"
+	depends on KALLSYMS
+	help
+	  This option enables the "prologue" unwinder for unwinding kernel stack
+	  traces.  It unwind the stack frame based on prologue code analyze.  Symbol
+	  information is needed, at least the address and length of each function.
+	  Some of the addresses it reports may be incorrect (but better than the
+	  Guess unwinder).
+
+endchoice
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/Makefile b/arch/loongarch/Makefile
index fbe4277e6404e59f6f9e7299cc9e634122167659..ec3de619127655a074ab17a95873e21f640030f5 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/Makefile
+++ b/arch/loongarch/Makefile
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ cflags-y += $(call cc-option, -mno-check-zero-division)
 load-y		= 0x9000000000200000
 bootvars-y	= VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y)
 
+drivers-$(CONFIG_PCI)		+= arch/loongarch/pci/
+
 KBUILD_AFLAGS	+= $(cflags-y)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= $(cflags-y)
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DVMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/configs/loongson3_defconfig b/arch/loongarch/configs/loongson3_defconfig
index eb9149786b6be5626075fb71e5368fd14849261a..3712552e18d39dfe3164fc2c90771db26f1cd46d 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/configs/loongson3_defconfig
+++ b/arch/loongarch/configs/loongson3_defconfig
@@ -278,6 +278,8 @@ CONFIG_NET_ACT_IPT=m
 CONFIG_NET_ACT_NAT=m
 CONFIG_NET_ACT_BPF=m
 CONFIG_OPENVSWITCH=m
+CONFIG_VSOCKETS=m
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_VSOCKETS=m
 CONFIG_NETLINK_DIAG=y
 CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_PRIO=y
 CONFIG_BT=m
@@ -289,6 +291,7 @@ CONFIG_MAC80211=m
 CONFIG_RFKILL=m
 CONFIG_RFKILL_INPUT=y
 CONFIG_NET_9P=y
+CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO=y
 CONFIG_CEPH_LIB=m
 CONFIG_PCIEPORTBUS=y
 CONFIG_HOTPLUG_PCI_PCIE=y
@@ -308,6 +311,8 @@ CONFIG_RAPIDIO_MPORT_CDEV=m
 CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER=y
 CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y
 CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT=y
+CONFIG_FW_LOADER_COMPRESS=y
+CONFIG_FW_LOADER_COMPRESS_ZSTD=y
 CONFIG_MTD=m
 CONFIG_MTD_BLOCK=m
 CONFIG_MTD_CFI=m
@@ -328,8 +333,19 @@ CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CRYPTOLOOP=y
 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NBD=m
 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE=8192
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y
 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RBD=m
 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NVME=y
+CONFIG_NVME_MULTIPATH=y
+CONFIG_NVME_RDMA=m
+CONFIG_NVME_FC=m
+CONFIG_NVME_TCP=m
+CONFIG_NVME_TARGET=m
+CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_PASSTHRU=y
+CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_LOOP=m
+CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_RDMA=m
+CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_FC=m
+CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_TCP=m
 CONFIG_EEPROM_AT24=m
 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD=y
 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR=y
@@ -359,6 +375,7 @@ CONFIG_SCSI_QLA_FC=m
 CONFIG_TCM_QLA2XXX=m
 CONFIG_SCSI_QLA_ISCSI=m
 CONFIG_SCSI_LPFC=m
+CONFIG_SCSI_VIRTIO=m
 CONFIG_ATA=y
 CONFIG_SATA_AHCI=y
 CONFIG_SATA_AHCI_PLATFORM=y
@@ -403,6 +420,7 @@ CONFIG_VXLAN=y
 CONFIG_RIONET=m
 CONFIG_TUN=m
 CONFIG_VETH=m
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=m
 # CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_3COM is not set
 # CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_ADAPTEC is not set
 # CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_AGERE is not set
@@ -527,10 +545,12 @@ CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_SHARE_IRQ=y
 CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_RSA=y
 CONFIG_SERIAL_NONSTANDARD=y
 CONFIG_PRINTER=m
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_CONSOLE=y
 CONFIG_IPMI_HANDLER=m
 CONFIG_IPMI_DEVICE_INTERFACE=m
 CONFIG_IPMI_SI=m
 CONFIG_HW_RANDOM=y
+CONFIG_HW_RANDOM_VIRTIO=m
 CONFIG_I2C_CHARDEV=y
 CONFIG_I2C_PIIX4=y
 CONFIG_I2C_GPIO=y
@@ -568,6 +588,8 @@ CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU_SI=y
 CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU_CIK=y
 CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU_USERPTR=y
 CONFIG_DRM_AST=y
+CONFIG_DRM_QXL=m
+CONFIG_DRM_VIRTIO_GPU=m
 CONFIG_FB=y
 CONFIG_FB_EFI=y
 CONFIG_FB_RADEON=y
@@ -637,7 +659,16 @@ CONFIG_UIO=m
 CONFIG_UIO_PDRV_GENIRQ=m
 CONFIG_UIO_DMEM_GENIRQ=m
 CONFIG_UIO_PCI_GENERIC=m
-# CONFIG_VIRTIO_MENU is not set
+CONFIG_VFIO=m
+CONFIG_VFIO_PCI=m
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON=m
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_INPUT=m
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO=m
+CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO_CMDLINE_DEVICES=y
+CONFIG_VHOST_NET=m
+CONFIG_VHOST_SCSI=m
+CONFIG_VHOST_VSOCK=m
 CONFIG_COMEDI=m
 CONFIG_COMEDI_PCI_DRIVERS=m
 CONFIG_COMEDI_8255_PCI=m
@@ -762,6 +793,7 @@ CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH=m
 CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_SKCIPHER=m
 CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_RNG=m
 CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_AEAD=m
+CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_VIRTIO=m
 CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME=y
 CONFIG_STRIP_ASM_SYMS=y
 CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ=y
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/bootinfo.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/bootinfo.h
index 9b8d49d9e61b76ab0fe3f21f17b9e36f31f3c0c7..e02ac4af7f6e86515e9cfffd320be41cace56028 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/bootinfo.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/bootinfo.h
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ struct loongson_board_info {
 struct loongson_system_configuration {
 	int nr_cpus;
 	int nr_nodes;
-	int nr_io_pics;
 	int boot_cpu_id;
 	int cores_per_node;
 	int cores_per_package;
+	unsigned long cores_io_master;
 	const char *cpuname;
 };
 
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/dma.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/dma.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a8866319fe29c9e842d7c724752ef628395a9f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/dma.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#ifndef __ASM_DMA_H
+#define __ASM_DMA_H
+
+#define MAX_DMA_ADDRESS	PAGE_OFFSET
+#define MAX_DMA32_PFN	(1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT))
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/inst.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/inst.h
index 575d1bb66ffb52f781d06cbb76f9e577d9bf0cad..7b07cbb3188c0a4c1c8df07007ed1d5e788b67cf 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/inst.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/inst.h
@@ -23,12 +23,33 @@ enum reg1i20_op {
 	lu32id_op	= 0x0b,
 };
 
+enum reg1i21_op {
+	beqz_op		= 0x10,
+	bnez_op		= 0x11,
+};
+
 enum reg2i12_op {
+	addiw_op	= 0x0a,
+	addid_op	= 0x0b,
 	lu52id_op	= 0x0c,
+	ldb_op		= 0xa0,
+	ldh_op		= 0xa1,
+	ldw_op		= 0xa2,
+	ldd_op		= 0xa3,
+	stb_op		= 0xa4,
+	sth_op		= 0xa5,
+	stw_op		= 0xa6,
+	std_op		= 0xa7,
 };
 
 enum reg2i16_op {
 	jirl_op		= 0x13,
+	beq_op		= 0x16,
+	bne_op		= 0x17,
+	blt_op		= 0x18,
+	bge_op		= 0x19,
+	bltu_op		= 0x1a,
+	bgeu_op		= 0x1b,
 };
 
 struct reg0i26_format {
@@ -110,6 +131,37 @@ enum loongarch_gpr {
 	LOONGARCH_GPR_MAX
 };
 
+#define is_imm12_negative(val)	is_imm_negative(val, 12)
+
+static inline bool is_imm_negative(unsigned long val, unsigned int bit)
+{
+	return val & (1UL << (bit - 1));
+}
+
+static inline bool is_branch_ins(union loongarch_instruction *ip)
+{
+	return ip->reg1i21_format.opcode >= beqz_op &&
+		ip->reg1i21_format.opcode <= bgeu_op;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_ra_save_ins(union loongarch_instruction *ip)
+{
+	/* st.d $ra, $sp, offset */
+	return ip->reg2i12_format.opcode == std_op &&
+		ip->reg2i12_format.rj == LOONGARCH_GPR_SP &&
+		ip->reg2i12_format.rd == LOONGARCH_GPR_RA &&
+		!is_imm12_negative(ip->reg2i12_format.immediate);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_stack_alloc_ins(union loongarch_instruction *ip)
+{
+	/* addi.d $sp, $sp, -imm */
+	return ip->reg2i12_format.opcode == addid_op &&
+		ip->reg2i12_format.rj == LOONGARCH_GPR_SP &&
+		ip->reg2i12_format.rd == LOONGARCH_GPR_SP &&
+		is_imm12_negative(ip->reg2i12_format.immediate);
+}
+
 u32 larch_insn_gen_lu32id(enum loongarch_gpr rd, int imm);
 u32 larch_insn_gen_lu52id(enum loongarch_gpr rd, enum loongarch_gpr rj, int imm);
 u32 larch_insn_gen_jirl(enum loongarch_gpr rd, enum loongarch_gpr rj, unsigned long pc, unsigned long dest);
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/irq.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/irq.h
index 149b2123e7f4ff239537bcdc79b4d28d742f9a0a..4b130199ceae716b2d76d15549c302230705578c 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/irq.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/irq.h
@@ -82,8 +82,6 @@ extern struct acpi_vector_group msi_group[MAX_IO_PICS];
 #define GSI_MAX_PCH_IRQ		(LOONGSON_PCH_IRQ_BASE + 256 - 1)
 
 extern int find_pch_pic(u32 gsi);
-extern int eiointc_get_node(int id);
-
 struct acpi_madt_lio_pic;
 struct acpi_madt_eio_pic;
 struct acpi_madt_ht_pic;
@@ -100,16 +98,8 @@ struct irq_domain *htvec_acpi_init(struct irq_domain *parent,
 					struct acpi_madt_ht_pic *acpi_htvec);
 int pch_lpc_acpi_init(struct irq_domain *parent,
 					struct acpi_madt_lpc_pic *acpi_pchlpc);
-#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LOONGSON_PCH_MSI)
 int pch_msi_acpi_init(struct irq_domain *parent,
 					struct acpi_madt_msi_pic *acpi_pchmsi);
-#else
-static inline int pch_msi_acpi_init(struct irq_domain *parent,
-					struct acpi_madt_msi_pic *acpi_pchmsi)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-#endif
 int pch_pic_acpi_init(struct irq_domain *parent,
 					struct acpi_madt_bio_pic *acpi_pchpic);
 int find_pch_pic(u32 gsi);
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h
index dc47fc724fa17efd661b122f557d10951ddebc83..a37324ac460b6e0a002ca1abd00fc255f42ff08f 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/pfn.h>
 
-#define MAX_DMA32_PFN  (1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT))
-
 /*
  * It's normally defined only for FLATMEM config but it's
  * used in our early mem init code for all memory models.
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/pci.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/pci.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..846909d7e831f90364bdac548dc1f9e1b2072e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/pci.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#ifndef _ASM_PCI_H
+#define _ASM_PCI_H
+
+#include <linux/ioport.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
+
+#define PCIBIOS_MIN_IO		0x4000
+#define PCIBIOS_MIN_MEM		0x20000000
+#define PCIBIOS_MIN_CARDBUS_IO	0x4000
+
+#define HAVE_PCI_MMAP
+#define pcibios_assign_all_busses()     0
+
+extern phys_addr_t mcfg_addr_init(int node);
+
+/* generic pci stuff */
+#include <asm-generic/pci.h>
+
+#endif /* _ASM_PCI_H */
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/processor.h
index 57ec45aa078ec06f0e04a97a80cbe850a1e18c26..1c4b4308378d43424aa31d4df2b7c9cd239747f5 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -101,6 +101,10 @@ struct thread_struct {
 	unsigned long reg23, reg24, reg25, reg26; /* s0-s3 */
 	unsigned long reg27, reg28, reg29, reg30, reg31; /* s4-s8 */
 
+	/* __schedule() return address / call frame address */
+	unsigned long sched_ra;
+	unsigned long sched_cfa;
+
 	/* CSR registers */
 	unsigned long csr_prmd;
 	unsigned long csr_crmd;
@@ -129,6 +133,9 @@ struct thread_struct {
 	struct loongarch_fpu fpu FPU_ALIGN;
 };
 
+#define thread_saved_ra(tsk)	(tsk->thread.sched_ra)
+#define thread_saved_fp(tsk)	(tsk->thread.sched_cfa)
+
 #define INIT_THREAD  {						\
 	/*							\
 	 * Main processor registers				\
@@ -145,6 +152,8 @@ struct thread_struct {
 	.reg29			= 0,				\
 	.reg30			= 0,				\
 	.reg31			= 0,				\
+	.sched_ra		= 0,				\
+	.sched_cfa		= 0,				\
 	.csr_crmd		= 0,				\
 	.csr_prmd		= 0,				\
 	.csr_euen		= 0,				\
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/stacktrace.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/stacktrace.h
index 6b5c2a7aa706688328d48943cb886715fb1fbda6..f23adb15f418fb88dcd77a3d488df15e365f291b 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/stacktrace.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/stacktrace.h
@@ -10,6 +10,26 @@
 #include <asm/loongarch.h>
 #include <linux/stringify.h>
 
+enum stack_type {
+	STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+	STACK_TYPE_IRQ,
+	STACK_TYPE_TASK,
+};
+
+struct stack_info {
+	enum stack_type type;
+	unsigned long begin, end, next_sp;
+};
+
+struct stack_frame {
+	unsigned long	fp;
+	unsigned long	ra;
+};
+
+bool in_irq_stack(unsigned long stack, struct stack_info *info);
+bool in_task_stack(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task, struct stack_info *info);
+int get_stack_info(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task, struct stack_info *info);
+
 #define STR_LONG_L    __stringify(LONG_L)
 #define STR_LONG_S    __stringify(LONG_S)
 #define STR_LONGSIZE  __stringify(LONGSIZE)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/switch_to.h
index 2a8d043755742ddaead4d2b527b8850905fce15d..43a5ab162d38b917781a14acf3e3da92411d8a50 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/switch_to.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/switch_to.h
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ struct task_struct;
  * @prev:	The task previously executed.
  * @next:	The task to begin executing.
  * @next_ti:	task_thread_info(next).
+ * @sched_ra:	__schedule return address.
+ * @sched_cfa:	__schedule call frame address.
  *
  * This function is used whilst scheduling to save the context of prev & load
  * the context of next. Returns prev.
  */
 extern asmlinkage struct task_struct *__switch_to(struct task_struct *prev,
-			struct task_struct *next, struct thread_info *next_ti);
+			struct task_struct *next, struct thread_info *next_ti,
+			void *sched_ra, void *sched_cfa);
 
 /*
  * For newly created kernel threads switch_to() will return to
@@ -28,10 +31,11 @@ extern asmlinkage struct task_struct *__switch_to(struct task_struct *prev,
  * That is, everything following __switch_to() will be skipped for new threads.
  * So everything that matters to new threads should be placed before __switch_to().
  */
-#define switch_to(prev, next, last)					\
-do {									\
-	lose_fpu_inatomic(1, prev);					\
-	(last) = __switch_to(prev, next, task_thread_info(next));	\
+#define switch_to(prev, next, last)						\
+do {										\
+	lose_fpu_inatomic(1, prev);						\
+	(last) = __switch_to(prev, next, task_thread_info(next),		\
+		 __builtin_return_address(0), __builtin_frame_address(0));	\
 } while (0)
 
 #endif /* _ASM_SWITCH_TO_H */
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/uaccess.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/uaccess.h
index 2b44edc604a282ba3ed3b26a7843b1f713ed1be1..a8ae2af4025ab30f5f165c30f09f408f9377f69a 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/uaccess.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/uaccess.h
@@ -229,13 +229,13 @@ extern unsigned long __copy_user(void *to, const void *from, __kernel_size_t n);
 static inline unsigned long __must_check
 raw_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
 {
-	return __copy_user(to, from, n);
+	return __copy_user(to, (__force const void *)from, n);
 }
 
 static inline unsigned long __must_check
 raw_copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
 {
-	return __copy_user(to, from, n);
+	return __copy_user((__force void *)to, from, n);
 }
 
 #define INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/unwind.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/unwind.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6af4718bdf015fbd40ecbab9fc8619a5f6660add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/unwind.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Most of this ideas comes from x86.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#ifndef _ASM_UNWIND_H
+#define _ASM_UNWIND_H
+
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+
+#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
+
+enum unwinder_type {
+	UNWINDER_GUESS,
+	UNWINDER_PROLOGUE,
+};
+
+struct unwind_state {
+	char type; /* UNWINDER_XXX */
+	struct stack_info stack_info;
+	struct task_struct *task;
+	bool first, error;
+	unsigned long sp, pc, ra;
+};
+
+void unwind_start(struct unwind_state *state,
+		  struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs);
+bool unwind_next_frame(struct unwind_state *state);
+unsigned long unwind_get_return_address(struct unwind_state *state);
+
+static inline bool unwind_done(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	return state->stack_info.type == STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+static inline bool unwind_error(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	return state->error;
+}
+
+#endif /* _ASM_UNWIND_H */
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso.h
index 8f8a0f9a4953ebdc5bedcd9f79d4b2b4baeb0dfc..d3ba35eb23e77082ea8ed564fe7378ad80df81b2 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #ifndef __ASM_VDSO_H
 #define __ASM_VDSO_H
 
+#include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/mm_types.h>
 #include <vdso/datapage.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso/vdso.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso/vdso.h
index 5a01643a65b3b2db6e9cade37cd6e1d45cc05424..3b55d32a0619cc861c52354db8a0acb7ad5a18f4 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso/vdso.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/vdso/vdso.h
@@ -8,6 +8,18 @@
 
 #include <asm/asm.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
+#include <asm/vdso.h>
+
+struct vdso_pcpu_data {
+	u32 node;
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
+struct loongarch_vdso_data {
+	struct vdso_pcpu_data pdata[NR_CPUS];
+	struct vdso_data data[CS_BASES]; /* Arch-independent data */
+};
+
+#define VDSO_DATA_SIZE PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(struct loongarch_vdso_data))
 
 static inline unsigned long get_vdso_base(void)
 {
@@ -24,7 +36,8 @@ static inline unsigned long get_vdso_base(void)
 
 static inline const struct vdso_data *get_vdso_data(void)
 {
-	return (const struct vdso_data *)(get_vdso_base() - PAGE_SIZE);
+	return (const struct vdso_data *)(get_vdso_base()
+			- VDSO_DATA_SIZE + SMP_CACHE_BYTES * NR_CPUS);
 }
 
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile b/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile
index 940de9173542ef15bd39dfdbf9aa24cd1924a07b..e5be17009fe8a4ba456bf2644888811d49ef4b93 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_EFI) 		+= efi.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_HAS_FPU)	+= fpu.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)		+= module.o module-sections.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_STACKTRACE)	+= stacktrace.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_PROC_FS)		+= proc.o
 
@@ -22,4 +23,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SMP)		+= smp.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA)		+= numa.o
 
+obj-$(CONFIG_UNWINDER_GUESS)	+= unwind_guess.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_UNWINDER_PROLOGUE) += unwind_prologue.o
+
 CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds		:= $(KBUILD_CFLAGS)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/acpi.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/acpi.c
index 03aa14581d0a2a5ce2bf958033350a1949a6f7a4..f1c928648a4a6178b4dc5449126429292374af27 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/acpi.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/acpi.c
@@ -104,6 +104,39 @@ static int set_processor_mask(u32 id, u32 flags)
 }
 #endif
 
+static int __init
+acpi_parse_processor(union acpi_subtable_headers *header, const unsigned long end)
+{
+	struct acpi_madt_core_pic *processor = NULL;
+
+	processor = (struct acpi_madt_core_pic *)header;
+	if (BAD_MADT_ENTRY(processor, end))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	acpi_table_print_madt_entry(&header->common);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+	set_processor_mask(processor->core_id, processor->flags);
+#endif
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init
+acpi_parse_eio_master(union acpi_subtable_headers *header, const unsigned long end)
+{
+	static int core = 0;
+	struct acpi_madt_eio_pic *eiointc = NULL;
+
+	eiointc = (struct acpi_madt_eio_pic *)header;
+	if (BAD_MADT_ENTRY(eiointc, end))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	core = eiointc->node * CORES_PER_EIO_NODE;
+	set_bit(core, &(loongson_sysconf.cores_io_master));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void __init acpi_process_madt(void)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
@@ -114,6 +147,11 @@ static void __init acpi_process_madt(void)
 		__cpu_logical_map[i] = -1;
 	}
 #endif
+	acpi_table_parse_madt(ACPI_MADT_TYPE_CORE_PIC,
+			acpi_parse_processor, MAX_CORE_PIC);
+
+	acpi_table_parse_madt(ACPI_MADT_TYPE_EIO_PIC,
+			acpi_parse_eio_master, MAX_IO_PICS);
 
 	loongson_sysconf.nr_cpus = num_processors;
 }
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index d256b81c397af2965851be3f0f0563e66a52ead0..bdd88eda9513f62d7b1245eafcaaeed1b4a3f2a4 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ void output_thread_defines(void)
 	OFFSET(THREAD_REG29, task_struct, thread.reg29);
 	OFFSET(THREAD_REG30, task_struct, thread.reg30);
 	OFFSET(THREAD_REG31, task_struct, thread.reg31);
+	OFFSET(THREAD_SCHED_RA, task_struct, thread.sched_ra);
+	OFFSET(THREAD_SCHED_CFA, task_struct, thread.sched_cfa);
 	OFFSET(THREAD_CSRCRMD, task_struct,
 	       thread.csr_crmd);
 	OFFSET(THREAD_CSRPRMD, task_struct,
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S b/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S
index 7062cdf0e33e598f6e9b62dc0c530c179ba62cab..c60eb66793e351cb0a91114cab9478903b44ebdb 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ SYM_CODE_START(kernel_entry)			# kernel entry point
 	csrwr		t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_DMWIN0
 	li.d		t0, CSR_DMW1_INIT	# CA, PLV0, 0x9000 xxxx xxxx xxxx
 	csrwr		t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_DMWIN1
+
+	/* We might not get launched at the address the kernel is linked to,
+	   so we jump there.  */
+	la.abs		t0, 0f
+	jr		t0
+0:
 	/* Enable PG */
 	li.w		t0, 0xb0		# PLV=0, IE=0, PG=1
 	csrwr		t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD
@@ -29,11 +35,6 @@ SYM_CODE_START(kernel_entry)			# kernel entry point
 	li.w		t0, 0x00		# FPE=0, SXE=0, ASXE=0, BTE=0
 	csrwr		t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_EUEN
 
-	/* We might not get launched at the address the kernel is linked to,
-	   so we jump there.  */
-	la.abs		t0, 0f
-	jr		t0
-0:
 	la		t0, __bss_start		# clear .bss
 	st.d		zero, t0, 0
 	la		t1, __bss_stop - LONGSIZE
@@ -74,6 +75,11 @@ SYM_CODE_START(smpboot_entry)
 	csrwr		t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_DMWIN0
 	li.d		t0, CSR_DMW1_INIT	# CA, PLV0
 	csrwr		t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_DMWIN1
+
+	la.abs		t0, 0f
+	jr		t0
+0:
+	/* Enable PG */
 	li.w		t0, 0xb0		# PLV=0, IE=0, PG=1
 	csrwr		t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD
 	li.w		t0, 0x04		# PLV=0, PIE=1, PWE=0
@@ -85,9 +91,6 @@ SYM_CODE_START(smpboot_entry)
 	ld.d		sp, t0, CPU_BOOT_STACK
 	ld.d		tp, t0, CPU_BOOT_TINFO
 
-	la.abs		t0, 0f
-	jr		t0
-0:
 	bl		start_secondary
 SYM_CODE_END(smpboot_entry)
 
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c
index 1effc73850feaca3bc54a40e1c7e8a1f3d43df1e..5c67cc4fd56d5f68301d3738ea312632bf2a3746 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static void *c_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
 {
 	unsigned long i = *pos;
 
-	return i < NR_CPUS ? (void *)(i + 1) : NULL;
+	return i < nr_cpu_ids ? (void *)(i + 1) : NULL;
 }
 
 static void *c_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/process.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/process.c
index bfa0dfe8b7d75753b90737a05dd82c69e8dde24c..660492f064e7e4584fa2f04088506fc8ed7076f2 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/process.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>
 #include <asm/reg.h>
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
 #include <asm/vdso.h>
 
 /*
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ int copy_thread(struct task_struct *p, const struct kernel_clone_args *args)
 	childregs = (struct pt_regs *) childksp - 1;
 	/*  Put the stack after the struct pt_regs.  */
 	childksp = (unsigned long) childregs;
+	p->thread.sched_cfa = 0;
 	p->thread.csr_euen = 0;
 	p->thread.csr_crmd = csr_read32(LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD);
 	p->thread.csr_prmd = csr_read32(LOONGARCH_CSR_PRMD);
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ int copy_thread(struct task_struct *p, const struct kernel_clone_args *args)
 		p->thread.reg23 = (unsigned long)args->fn;
 		p->thread.reg24 = (unsigned long)args->fn_arg;
 		p->thread.reg01 = (unsigned long)ret_from_kernel_thread;
+		p->thread.sched_ra = (unsigned long)ret_from_kernel_thread;
 		memset(childregs, 0, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
 		childregs->csr_euen = p->thread.csr_euen;
 		childregs->csr_crmd = p->thread.csr_crmd;
@@ -160,6 +163,7 @@ int copy_thread(struct task_struct *p, const struct kernel_clone_args *args)
 
 	p->thread.reg03 = (unsigned long) childregs;
 	p->thread.reg01 = (unsigned long) ret_from_fork;
+	p->thread.sched_ra = (unsigned long) ret_from_fork;
 
 	/*
 	 * New tasks lose permission to use the fpu. This accelerates context
@@ -180,7 +184,91 @@ int copy_thread(struct task_struct *p, const struct kernel_clone_args *args)
 
 unsigned long __get_wchan(struct task_struct *task)
 {
-	return 0;
+	unsigned long pc;
+	struct unwind_state state;
+
+	if (!try_get_task_stack(task))
+		return 0;
+
+	unwind_start(&state, task, NULL);
+	state.sp = thread_saved_fp(task);
+	get_stack_info(state.sp, state.task, &state.stack_info);
+	state.pc = thread_saved_ra(task);
+#ifdef CONFIG_UNWINDER_PROLOGUE
+	state.type = UNWINDER_PROLOGUE;
+#endif
+	for (; !unwind_done(&state); unwind_next_frame(&state)) {
+		pc = unwind_get_return_address(&state);
+		if (!pc)
+			break;
+		if (in_sched_functions(pc))
+			continue;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	put_task_stack(task);
+
+	return pc;
+}
+
+bool in_irq_stack(unsigned long stack, struct stack_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned long nextsp;
+	unsigned long begin = (unsigned long)this_cpu_read(irq_stack);
+	unsigned long end = begin + IRQ_STACK_START;
+
+	if (stack < begin || stack >= end)
+		return false;
+
+	nextsp = *(unsigned long *)end;
+	if (nextsp & (SZREG - 1))
+		return false;
+
+	info->begin = begin;
+	info->end = end;
+	info->next_sp = nextsp;
+	info->type = STACK_TYPE_IRQ;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool in_task_stack(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task,
+			struct stack_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned long begin = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(task);
+	unsigned long end = begin + THREAD_SIZE - 32;
+
+	if (stack < begin || stack >= end)
+		return false;
+
+	info->begin = begin;
+	info->end = end;
+	info->next_sp = 0;
+	info->type = STACK_TYPE_TASK;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+int get_stack_info(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task,
+		   struct stack_info *info)
+{
+	task = task ? : current;
+
+	if (!stack || stack & (SZREG - 1))
+		goto unknown;
+
+	if (in_task_stack(stack, task, info))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (task != current)
+		goto unknown;
+
+	if (in_irq_stack(stack, info))
+		return 0;
+
+unknown:
+	info->type = STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 unsigned long stack_top(void)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/smp.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/smp.c
index 09743103d9b3eb5549c764ac7f7975737f3dd66b..b5fab308dcf25a3693ded821c584cee6952ead1d 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/smp.c
@@ -242,10 +242,7 @@ void loongson3_smp_finish(void)
 
 static bool io_master(int cpu)
 {
-	if (cpu == 0)
-		return true;
-
-	return false;
+	return test_bit(cpu, &loongson_sysconf.cores_io_master);
 }
 
 int loongson3_cpu_disable(void)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/stacktrace.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/stacktrace.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a690f96f00c1a67edccefd66c8f46f006dd4f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/stacktrace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Stack trace management functions
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+
+#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
+
+void arch_stack_walk(stack_trace_consume_fn consume_entry, void *cookie,
+		     struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	unsigned long addr;
+	struct pt_regs dummyregs;
+	struct unwind_state state;
+
+	regs = &dummyregs;
+
+	if (task == current) {
+		regs->regs[3] = (unsigned long)__builtin_frame_address(0);
+		regs->csr_era = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
+	} else {
+		regs->regs[3] = thread_saved_fp(task);
+		regs->csr_era = thread_saved_ra(task);
+	}
+
+	regs->regs[1] = 0;
+	for (unwind_start(&state, task, regs);
+	      !unwind_done(&state); unwind_next_frame(&state)) {
+		addr = unwind_get_return_address(&state);
+		if (!addr || !consume_entry(cookie, addr))
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+copy_stack_frame(unsigned long fp, struct stack_frame *frame)
+{
+	int ret = 1;
+	unsigned long err;
+	unsigned long __user *user_frame_tail;
+
+	user_frame_tail = (unsigned long *)(fp - sizeof(struct stack_frame));
+	if (!access_ok(user_frame_tail, sizeof(*frame)))
+		return 0;
+
+	pagefault_disable();
+	err = (__copy_from_user_inatomic(frame, user_frame_tail, sizeof(*frame)));
+	if (err || (unsigned long)user_frame_tail >= frame->fp)
+		ret = 0;
+	pagefault_enable();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void arch_stack_walk_user(stack_trace_consume_fn consume_entry, void *cookie,
+			  const struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	unsigned long fp = regs->regs[22];
+
+	while (fp && !((unsigned long)fp & 0xf)) {
+		struct stack_frame frame;
+
+		frame.fp = 0;
+		frame.ra = 0;
+		if (!copy_stack_frame(fp, &frame))
+			break;
+		if (!frame.ra)
+			break;
+		if (!consume_entry(cookie, frame.ra))
+			break;
+		fp = frame.fp;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/switch.S b/arch/loongarch/kernel/switch.S
index 37e84ac8ffc24d66ee6ff1855dad476fe3c80a22..43ebbc3990f73afd5fc05a357ec5882a0f63d48c 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/switch.S
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/switch.S
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__switch_to)
 
 	cpu_save_nonscratch a0
 	stptr.d	ra, a0, THREAD_REG01
+	stptr.d a3, a0, THREAD_SCHED_RA
+	stptr.d a4, a0, THREAD_SCHED_CFA
 	move	tp, a2
 	cpu_restore_nonscratch a1
 
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/time.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/time.c
index 79dc5eddf504adb943a6dc21e83c1ec3fd4a480b..786735dcc8d678ecc6022ca8e8060a0bd4a4153a 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/time.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/time.c
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ static int get_timer_irq(void)
 
 int constant_clockevent_init(void)
 {
-	unsigned int irq;
+	int irq;
 	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 	unsigned long min_delta = 0x600;
 	unsigned long max_delta = (1UL << 48) - 1;
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/traps.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/traps.c
index 1bf58c65e2bf0cc4afa7d38cdd434521d184d3b3..aa1c95aaf595ba0402e80d10f82cffb74db3c735 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/traps.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
 #include <asm/tlb.h>
 #include <asm/types.h>
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
 
 #include "access-helper.h"
 
@@ -64,19 +65,20 @@ static void show_backtrace(struct task_struct *task, const struct pt_regs *regs,
 			   const char *loglvl, bool user)
 {
 	unsigned long addr;
-	unsigned long *sp = (unsigned long *)(regs->regs[3] & ~3);
+	struct unwind_state state;
+	struct pt_regs *pregs = (struct pt_regs *)regs;
+
+	if (!task)
+		task = current;
+
+	if (user_mode(regs))
+		state.type = UNWINDER_GUESS;
 
 	printk("%sCall Trace:", loglvl);
-#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
-	printk("%s\n", loglvl);
-#endif
-	while (!kstack_end(sp)) {
-		if (__get_addr(&addr, sp++, user)) {
-			printk("%s (Bad stack address)", loglvl);
-			break;
-		}
-		if (__kernel_text_address(addr))
-			print_ip_sym(loglvl, addr);
+	for (unwind_start(&state, task, pregs);
+	      !unwind_done(&state); unwind_next_frame(&state)) {
+		addr = unwind_get_return_address(&state);
+		print_ip_sym(loglvl, addr);
 	}
 	printk("%s\n", loglvl);
 }
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/unwind_guess.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/unwind_guess.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5afa6064d73e45b4b99524072861fdbc0fc38974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/unwind_guess.c
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
+
+unsigned long unwind_get_return_address(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	if (unwind_done(state))
+		return 0;
+	else if (state->first)
+		return state->pc;
+
+	return *(unsigned long *)(state->sp);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_get_return_address);
+
+void unwind_start(struct unwind_state *state, struct task_struct *task,
+		    struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
+
+	if (regs) {
+		state->sp = regs->regs[3];
+		state->pc = regs->csr_era;
+	}
+
+	state->task = task;
+	state->first = true;
+
+	get_stack_info(state->sp, state->task, &state->stack_info);
+
+	if (!unwind_done(state) && !__kernel_text_address(state->pc))
+		unwind_next_frame(state);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_start);
+
+bool unwind_next_frame(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	struct stack_info *info = &state->stack_info;
+	unsigned long addr;
+
+	if (unwind_done(state))
+		return false;
+
+	if (state->first)
+		state->first = false;
+
+	do {
+		for (state->sp += sizeof(unsigned long);
+		     state->sp < info->end;
+		     state->sp += sizeof(unsigned long)) {
+			addr = *(unsigned long *)(state->sp);
+
+			if (__kernel_text_address(addr))
+				return true;
+		}
+
+		state->sp = info->next_sp;
+
+	} while (!get_stack_info(state->sp, state->task, info));
+
+	return false;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_next_frame);
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/unwind_prologue.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/unwind_prologue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b206d91592051b6d0da2b0b7ce9d985db4502f7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/unwind_prologue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+
+#include <asm/inst.h>
+#include <asm/ptrace.h>
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
+
+unsigned long unwind_get_return_address(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+
+	if (unwind_done(state))
+		return 0;
+	else if (state->type)
+		return state->pc;
+	else if (state->first)
+		return state->pc;
+
+	return *(unsigned long *)(state->sp);
+
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_get_return_address);
+
+static bool unwind_by_guess(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	struct stack_info *info = &state->stack_info;
+	unsigned long addr;
+
+	for (state->sp += sizeof(unsigned long);
+	     state->sp < info->end;
+	     state->sp += sizeof(unsigned long)) {
+		addr = *(unsigned long *)(state->sp);
+		if (__kernel_text_address(addr))
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static bool unwind_by_prologue(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	struct stack_info *info = &state->stack_info;
+	union loongarch_instruction *ip, *ip_end;
+	unsigned long frame_size = 0, frame_ra = -1;
+	unsigned long size, offset, pc = state->pc;
+
+	if (state->sp >= info->end || state->sp < info->begin)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(pc, &size, &offset))
+		return false;
+
+	ip = (union loongarch_instruction *)(pc - offset);
+	ip_end = (union loongarch_instruction *)pc;
+
+	while (ip < ip_end) {
+		if (is_stack_alloc_ins(ip)) {
+			frame_size = (1 << 12) - ip->reg2i12_format.immediate;
+			ip++;
+			break;
+		}
+		ip++;
+	}
+
+	if (!frame_size) {
+		if (state->first)
+			goto first;
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	while (ip < ip_end) {
+		if (is_ra_save_ins(ip)) {
+			frame_ra = ip->reg2i12_format.immediate;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (is_branch_ins(ip))
+			break;
+		ip++;
+	}
+
+	if (frame_ra < 0) {
+		if (state->first) {
+			state->sp = state->sp + frame_size;
+			goto first;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (state->first)
+		state->first = false;
+
+	state->pc = *(unsigned long *)(state->sp + frame_ra);
+	state->sp = state->sp + frame_size;
+	return !!__kernel_text_address(state->pc);
+
+first:
+	state->first = false;
+	if (state->pc == state->ra)
+		return false;
+
+	state->pc = state->ra;
+
+	return !!__kernel_text_address(state->ra);
+}
+
+void unwind_start(struct unwind_state *state, struct task_struct *task,
+		    struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
+
+	if (regs &&  __kernel_text_address(regs->csr_era)) {
+		state->pc = regs->csr_era;
+		state->sp = regs->regs[3];
+		state->ra = regs->regs[1];
+		state->type = UNWINDER_PROLOGUE;
+	}
+
+	state->task = task;
+	state->first = true;
+
+	get_stack_info(state->sp, state->task, &state->stack_info);
+
+	if (!unwind_done(state) && !__kernel_text_address(state->pc))
+		unwind_next_frame(state);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_start);
+
+bool unwind_next_frame(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	struct stack_info *info = &state->stack_info;
+	struct pt_regs *regs;
+	unsigned long pc;
+
+	if (unwind_done(state))
+		return false;
+
+	do {
+		switch (state->type) {
+		case UNWINDER_GUESS:
+			state->first = false;
+			if (unwind_by_guess(state))
+				return true;
+			break;
+
+		case UNWINDER_PROLOGUE:
+			if (unwind_by_prologue(state))
+				return true;
+
+			if (info->type == STACK_TYPE_IRQ &&
+				info->end == state->sp) {
+				regs = (struct pt_regs *)info->next_sp;
+				pc = regs->csr_era;
+
+				if (user_mode(regs) || !__kernel_text_address(pc))
+					return false;
+
+				state->pc = pc;
+				state->sp = regs->regs[3];
+				state->ra = regs->regs[1];
+				state->first = true;
+				get_stack_info(state->sp, state->task, info);
+
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		state->sp = info->next_sp;
+
+	} while (!get_stack_info(state->sp, state->task, info));
+
+	return false;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_next_frame);
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/vdso.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/vdso.c
index e20c8ca874735ffea2afe575f8593400ab369821..f32c38abd791589527bbba2eda8bd91a7065244a 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/vdso.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/vdso.c
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@
 extern char vdso_start[], vdso_end[];
 
 /* Kernel-provided data used by the VDSO. */
-static union loongarch_vdso_data {
-	u8 page[PAGE_SIZE];
-	struct vdso_data data[CS_BASES];
+static union {
+	u8 page[VDSO_DATA_SIZE];
+	struct loongarch_vdso_data vdata;
 } loongarch_vdso_data __page_aligned_data;
-struct vdso_data *vdso_data = loongarch_vdso_data.data;
+
 static struct page *vdso_pages[] = { NULL };
+struct vdso_data *vdso_data = loongarch_vdso_data.vdata.data;
+struct vdso_pcpu_data *vdso_pdata = loongarch_vdso_data.vdata.pdata;
 
 static int vdso_mremap(const struct vm_special_mapping *sm, struct vm_area_struct *new_vma)
 {
@@ -55,11 +57,14 @@ struct loongarch_vdso_info vdso_info = {
 
 static int __init init_vdso(void)
 {
-	unsigned long i, pfn;
+	unsigned long i, cpu, pfn;
 
 	BUG_ON(!PAGE_ALIGNED(vdso_info.vdso));
 	BUG_ON(!PAGE_ALIGNED(vdso_info.size));
 
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		vdso_pdata[cpu].node = cpu_to_node(cpu);
+
 	pfn = __phys_to_pfn(__pa_symbol(vdso_info.vdso));
 	for (i = 0; i < vdso_info.size / PAGE_SIZE; i++)
 		vdso_info.code_mapping.pages[i] = pfn_to_page(pfn + i);
@@ -93,9 +98,9 @@ int arch_setup_additional_pages(struct linux_binprm *bprm, int uses_interp)
 
 	/*
 	 * Determine total area size. This includes the VDSO data itself
-	 * and the data page.
+	 * and the data pages.
 	 */
-	vvar_size = PAGE_SIZE;
+	vvar_size = VDSO_DATA_SIZE;
 	size = vvar_size + info->size;
 
 	data_addr = get_unmapped_area(NULL, vdso_base(), size, 0, 0);
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ int arch_setup_additional_pages(struct linux_binprm *bprm, int uses_interp)
 		ret = data_addr;
 		goto out;
 	}
-	vdso_addr = data_addr + PAGE_SIZE;
+	vdso_addr = data_addr + VDSO_DATA_SIZE;
 
 	vma = _install_special_mapping(mm, data_addr, vvar_size,
 				       VM_READ | VM_MAYREAD,
@@ -115,8 +120,8 @@ int arch_setup_additional_pages(struct linux_binprm *bprm, int uses_interp)
 
 	/* Map VDSO data page. */
 	ret = remap_pfn_range(vma, data_addr,
-			      virt_to_phys(vdso_data) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
-			      PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_READONLY);
+			      virt_to_phys(&loongarch_vdso_data) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+			      vvar_size, PAGE_READONLY);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/pci/acpi.c b/arch/loongarch/pci/acpi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf921487333c65dc035bc246094961390125eb02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/pci/acpi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#include <linux/pci.h>
+#include <linux/acpi.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/irq.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/pci-acpi.h>
+#include <linux/pci-ecam.h>
+
+#include <asm/pci.h>
+#include <asm/numa.h>
+#include <asm/loongson.h>
+
+struct pci_root_info {
+	struct acpi_pci_root_info common;
+	struct pci_config_window *cfg;
+};
+
+void pcibios_add_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
+{
+	acpi_pci_add_bus(bus);
+}
+
+int pcibios_root_bridge_prepare(struct pci_host_bridge *bridge)
+{
+	struct pci_config_window *cfg = bridge->bus->sysdata;
+	struct acpi_device *adev = to_acpi_device(cfg->parent);
+	struct device *bus_dev = &bridge->bus->dev;
+
+	ACPI_COMPANION_SET(&bridge->dev, adev);
+	set_dev_node(bus_dev, pa_to_nid(cfg->res.start));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int acpi_pci_bus_find_domain_nr(struct pci_bus *bus)
+{
+	struct pci_config_window *cfg = bus->sysdata;
+	struct acpi_device *adev = to_acpi_device(cfg->parent);
+	struct acpi_pci_root *root = acpi_driver_data(adev);
+
+	return root->segment;
+}
+
+static void acpi_release_root_info(struct acpi_pci_root_info *ci)
+{
+	struct pci_root_info *info;
+
+	info = container_of(ci, struct pci_root_info, common);
+	pci_ecam_free(info->cfg);
+	kfree(ci->ops);
+	kfree(info);
+}
+
+static int acpi_prepare_root_resources(struct acpi_pci_root_info *ci)
+{
+	int status;
+	struct resource_entry *entry, *tmp;
+	struct acpi_device *device = ci->bridge;
+
+	status = acpi_pci_probe_root_resources(ci);
+	if (status > 0) {
+		resource_list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, tmp, &ci->resources) {
+			if (entry->res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM) {
+				entry->offset = ci->root->mcfg_addr & GENMASK_ULL(63, 40);
+				entry->res->start |= entry->offset;
+				entry->res->end   |= entry->offset;
+			}
+		}
+		return status;
+	}
+
+	resource_list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, tmp, &ci->resources) {
+		dev_dbg(&device->dev,
+			   "host bridge window %pR (ignored)\n", entry->res);
+		resource_list_destroy_entry(entry);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lookup the bus range for the domain in MCFG, and set up config space
+ * mapping.
+ */
+static struct pci_config_window *
+pci_acpi_setup_ecam_mapping(struct acpi_pci_root *root)
+{
+	int ret, bus_shift;
+	u16 seg = root->segment;
+	struct device *dev = &root->device->dev;
+	struct resource cfgres;
+	struct resource *bus_res = &root->secondary;
+	struct pci_config_window *cfg;
+	const struct pci_ecam_ops *ecam_ops;
+
+	ret = pci_mcfg_lookup(root, &cfgres, &ecam_ops);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dev_err(dev, "%04x:%pR ECAM region not found, use default value\n", seg, bus_res);
+		ecam_ops = &loongson_pci_ecam_ops;
+		root->mcfg_addr = mcfg_addr_init(0);
+	}
+
+	bus_shift = ecam_ops->bus_shift ? : 20;
+
+	cfgres.start = root->mcfg_addr + (bus_res->start << bus_shift);
+	cfgres.end = cfgres.start + (resource_size(bus_res) << bus_shift) - 1;
+	cfgres.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
+
+	cfg = pci_ecam_create(dev, &cfgres, bus_res, ecam_ops);
+	if (IS_ERR(cfg)) {
+		dev_err(dev, "%04x:%pR error %ld mapping ECAM\n", seg, bus_res, PTR_ERR(cfg));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return cfg;
+}
+
+struct pci_bus *pci_acpi_scan_root(struct acpi_pci_root *root)
+{
+	struct pci_bus *bus;
+	struct pci_root_info *info;
+	struct acpi_pci_root_ops *root_ops;
+	int domain = root->segment;
+	int busnum = root->secondary.start;
+
+	info = kzalloc(sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!info) {
+		pr_warn("pci_bus %04x:%02x: ignored (out of memory)\n", domain, busnum);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	root_ops = kzalloc(sizeof(*root_ops), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!root_ops) {
+		kfree(info);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	info->cfg = pci_acpi_setup_ecam_mapping(root);
+	if (!info->cfg) {
+		kfree(info);
+		kfree(root_ops);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	root_ops->release_info = acpi_release_root_info;
+	root_ops->prepare_resources = acpi_prepare_root_resources;
+	root_ops->pci_ops = (struct pci_ops *)&info->cfg->ops->pci_ops;
+
+	bus = pci_find_bus(domain, busnum);
+	if (bus) {
+		memcpy(bus->sysdata, info->cfg, sizeof(struct pci_config_window));
+		kfree(info);
+	} else {
+		struct pci_bus *child;
+
+		bus = acpi_pci_root_create(root, root_ops,
+					   &info->common, info->cfg);
+		if (!bus) {
+			kfree(info);
+			kfree(root_ops);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		pci_bus_size_bridges(bus);
+		pci_bus_assign_resources(bus);
+		list_for_each_entry(child, &bus->children, node)
+			pcie_bus_configure_settings(child);
+	}
+
+	return bus;
+}
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/pci/pci.c b/arch/loongarch/pci/pci.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9b7c34d9b6d899daa0cefcce597fd34817813ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/pci/pci.c
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/acpi.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/pci.h>
+#include <linux/vgaarb.h>
+#include <asm/loongson.h>
+
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_LOONGSON_HOST     0x7a00
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_LOONGSON_DC1      0x7a06
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_LOONGSON_DC2      0x7a36
+
+int raw_pci_read(unsigned int domain, unsigned int bus, unsigned int devfn,
+						int reg, int len, u32 *val)
+{
+	struct pci_bus *bus_tmp = pci_find_bus(domain, bus);
+
+	if (bus_tmp)
+		return bus_tmp->ops->read(bus_tmp, devfn, reg, len, val);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int raw_pci_write(unsigned int domain, unsigned int bus, unsigned int devfn,
+						int reg, int len, u32 val)
+{
+	struct pci_bus *bus_tmp = pci_find_bus(domain, bus);
+
+	if (bus_tmp)
+		return bus_tmp->ops->write(bus_tmp, devfn, reg, len, val);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+phys_addr_t mcfg_addr_init(int node)
+{
+	return (((u64)node << 44) | MCFG_EXT_PCICFG_BASE);
+}
+
+static int __init pcibios_init(void)
+{
+	unsigned int lsize;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set PCI cacheline size to that of the highest level in the
+	 * cache hierarchy.
+	 */
+	lsize = cpu_dcache_line_size();
+	lsize = cpu_vcache_line_size() ? : lsize;
+	lsize = cpu_scache_line_size() ? : lsize;
+
+	BUG_ON(!lsize);
+
+	pci_dfl_cache_line_size = lsize >> 2;
+
+	pr_debug("PCI: pci_cache_line_size set to %d bytes\n", lsize);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+subsys_initcall(pcibios_init);
+
+int pcibios_device_add(struct pci_dev *dev)
+{
+	int id;
+	struct irq_domain *dom;
+
+	id = pci_domain_nr(dev->bus);
+	dom = irq_find_matching_fwnode(get_pch_msi_handle(id), DOMAIN_BUS_PCI_MSI);
+	dev_set_msi_domain(&dev->dev, dom);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int pcibios_alloc_irq(struct pci_dev *dev)
+{
+	if (acpi_disabled)
+		return 0;
+	if (pci_dev_msi_enabled(dev))
+		return 0;
+	return acpi_pci_irq_enable(dev);
+}
+
+static void pci_fixup_vgadev(struct pci_dev *pdev)
+{
+	struct pci_dev *devp = NULL;
+
+	while ((devp = pci_get_class(PCI_CLASS_DISPLAY_VGA << 8, devp))) {
+		if (devp->vendor != PCI_VENDOR_ID_LOONGSON) {
+			vga_set_default_device(devp);
+			dev_info(&pdev->dev,
+				"Overriding boot device as %X:%X\n",
+				devp->vendor, devp->device);
+		}
+	}
+}
+DECLARE_PCI_FIXUP_FINAL(PCI_VENDOR_ID_LOONGSON, PCI_DEVICE_ID_LOONGSON_DC1, pci_fixup_vgadev);
+DECLARE_PCI_FIXUP_FINAL(PCI_VENDOR_ID_LOONGSON, PCI_DEVICE_ID_LOONGSON_DC2, pci_fixup_vgadev);
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile b/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile
index 92e40403225783256ae816584c5abba19c32bcb3..d89e2ac75f7b85a360e50e81186a9536a43acc2d 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 ARCH_REL_TYPE_ABS := R_LARCH_32|R_LARCH_64|R_LARCH_MARK_LA|R_LARCH_JUMP_SLOT
 include $(srctree)/lib/vdso/Makefile
 
-obj-vdso-y := elf.o vgettimeofday.o sigreturn.o
+obj-vdso-y := elf.o vgetcpu.o vgettimeofday.o sigreturn.o
 
 # Common compiler flags between ABIs.
 ccflags-vdso := \
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/vdso/vdso.lds.S b/arch/loongarch/vdso/vdso.lds.S
index 955f02de4a2dfea007b7e2831c43920f54c823e9..56ad855896dee7b8578e5ecad46aa189c9e0736a 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/vdso/vdso.lds.S
+++ b/arch/loongarch/vdso/vdso.lds.S
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ VERSION
 {
 	LINUX_5.10 {
 	global:
+		__vdso_getcpu;
 		__vdso_clock_getres;
 		__vdso_clock_gettime;
 		__vdso_gettimeofday;
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/vdso/vgetcpu.c b/arch/loongarch/vdso/vgetcpu.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43a0078e441854cf2787a8fcf3fb97f2ed442c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/vdso/vgetcpu.c
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Fast user context implementation of getcpu()
+ */
+
+#include <asm/vdso.h>
+#include <linux/getcpu.h>
+
+static __always_inline int read_cpu_id(void)
+{
+	int cpu_id;
+
+	__asm__ __volatile__(
+	"	rdtime.d $zero, %0\n"
+	: "=r" (cpu_id)
+	:
+	: "memory");
+
+	return cpu_id;
+}
+
+static __always_inline const struct vdso_pcpu_data *get_pcpu_data(void)
+{
+	return (struct vdso_pcpu_data *)(get_vdso_base() - VDSO_DATA_SIZE);
+}
+
+int __vdso_getcpu(unsigned int *cpu, unsigned int *node, struct getcpu_cache *unused)
+{
+	int cpu_id;
+	const struct vdso_pcpu_data *data;
+
+	cpu_id = read_cpu_id();
+
+	if (cpu)
+		*cpu = cpu_id;
+
+	if (node) {
+		data = get_pcpu_data();
+		*node = data[cpu_id].node;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}