/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.lang.invoke;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup;
import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP;

/**
 * The JVM interface for the method handles package is all here.
 * This is an interface internal and private to an implemetantion of JSR 292.
 * <em>This class is not part of the JSR 292 standard.</em>
 * @author jrose
 */
class MethodHandleNatives {

    private MethodHandleNatives() { } // static only

    /// MethodName support

    static native void init(MemberName self, Object ref);
    static native void expand(MemberName self);
    static native void resolve(MemberName self, Class<?> caller);
    static native int getMembers(Class<?> defc, String matchName, String matchSig,
            int matchFlags, Class<?> caller, int skip, MemberName[] results);

    /// MethodHandle support

    /** Initialize the method handle to adapt the call. */
    static native void init(AdapterMethodHandle self, MethodHandle target, int argnum);
    /** Initialize the method handle to call the correct method, directly. */
    static native void init(BoundMethodHandle self, Object target, int argnum);
    /** Initialize the method handle to call as if by an invoke* instruction. */
    static native void init(DirectMethodHandle self, Object ref, boolean doDispatch, Class<?> caller);

    /** Initialize a method type, once per form. */
    static native void init(MethodType self);

    /** Tell the JVM about a class's bootstrap method. */
    static native void registerBootstrap(Class<?> caller, MethodHandle bootstrapMethod);

    /** Ask the JVM about a class's bootstrap method. */
    static native MethodHandle getBootstrap(Class<?> caller);

    /** Tell the JVM that we need to change the target of an invokedynamic. */
    static native void setCallSiteTarget(CallSite site, MethodHandle target);

    /** Fetch the vmtarget field.
     *  It will be sanitized as necessary to avoid exposing non-Java references.
     *  This routine is for debugging and reflection.
     */
    static native Object getTarget(MethodHandle self, int format);

    /** Fetch the name of the handled method, if available.
     *  This routine is for debugging and reflection.
     */
    static MemberName getMethodName(MethodHandle self) {
        return (MemberName) getTarget(self, ETF_METHOD_NAME);
    }

    /** Fetch the reflective version of the handled method, if available.
     */
    static AccessibleObject getTargetMethod(MethodHandle self) {
        return (AccessibleObject) getTarget(self, ETF_REFLECT_METHOD);
    }

    /** Fetch the target of this method handle.
     *  If it directly targets a method, return a MemberName for the method.
     *  If it is chained to another method handle, return that handle.
     */
    static Object getTargetInfo(MethodHandle self) {
        return getTarget(self, ETF_HANDLE_OR_METHOD_NAME);
    }

    static Object[] makeTarget(Class<?> defc, String name, String sig, int mods, Class<?> refc) {
        return new Object[] { defc, name, sig, mods, refc };
    }

    /** Fetch MH-related JVM parameter.
     *  which=0 retrieves MethodHandlePushLimit
     *  which=1 retrieves stack slot push size (in address units)
     */
    static native int getConstant(int which);

    /** Java copy of MethodHandlePushLimit in range 2..255. */
    static final int JVM_PUSH_LIMIT;
    /** JVM stack motion (in words) after one slot is pushed, usually -1.
     */
    static final int JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT;

    /** Which conv-ops are implemented by the JVM? */
    static final int CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK;
    /** Derived mode flag.  Only false on some old JVM implementations. */
    static final boolean HAVE_RICOCHET_FRAMES;

    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        int     JVM_PUSH_LIMIT_;
        int     JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT_;
        int     CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK_;
        try {
            registerNatives();
            JVM_PUSH_LIMIT_ = getConstant(Constants.GC_JVM_PUSH_LIMIT);
            JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT_ = getConstant(Constants.GC_JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT);
            CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK_ = getConstant(Constants.GC_CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK);
            //sun.reflect.Reflection.registerMethodsToFilter(MethodHandleImpl.class, "init");
        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError ee) {
            // ignore; if we use init() methods later we'll see linkage errors
            JVM_PUSH_LIMIT_ = 3;  // arbitrary
            JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT_ = -1;  // arbitrary
            CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK_ = 0;
            JVM_PUSH_LIMIT = JVM_PUSH_LIMIT_;
            JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT = JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT_;
            throw ee;  // just die; hopeless to try to run with an older JVM
        }
        JVM_PUSH_LIMIT = JVM_PUSH_LIMIT_;
        JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT = JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT_;
        if (CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK_ == 0)
            CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK_ = DEFAULT_CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK;
        CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK = CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK_;
        HAVE_RICOCHET_FRAMES = (CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK & (1<<OP_COLLECT_ARGS)) != 0;
    }

    // All compile-time constants go here.
    // There is an opportunity to check them against the JVM's idea of them.
    static class Constants {
        Constants() { } // static only
        // MethodHandleImpl
        static final int // for getConstant
                GC_JVM_PUSH_LIMIT = 0,
                GC_JVM_STACK_MOVE_UNIT = 1,
                GC_CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK = 2;
        static final int
                ETF_HANDLE_OR_METHOD_NAME = 0, // all available data (immediate MH or method)
                ETF_DIRECT_HANDLE         = 1, // ultimate method handle (will be a DMH, may be self)
                ETF_METHOD_NAME           = 2, // ultimate method as MemberName
                ETF_REFLECT_METHOD        = 3; // ultimate method as java.lang.reflect object (sans refClass)

        // MemberName
        // The JVM uses values of -2 and above for vtable indexes.
        // Field values are simple positive offsets.
        // Ref: src/share/vm/oops/methodOop.hpp
        // This value is negative enough to avoid such numbers,
        // but not too negative.
        static final int
                MN_IS_METHOD           = 0x00010000, // method (not constructor)
                MN_IS_CONSTRUCTOR      = 0x00020000, // constructor
                MN_IS_FIELD            = 0x00040000, // field
                MN_IS_TYPE             = 0x00080000, // nested type
                MN_SEARCH_SUPERCLASSES = 0x00100000, // for MHN.getMembers
                MN_SEARCH_INTERFACES   = 0x00200000, // for MHN.getMembers
                VM_INDEX_UNINITIALIZED = -99;

        // BoundMethodHandle
        /** Constants for decoding the vmargslot field, which contains 2 values. */
        static final int
            ARG_SLOT_PUSH_SHIFT = 16,
            ARG_SLOT_MASK = (1<<ARG_SLOT_PUSH_SHIFT)-1;

        // AdapterMethodHandle
        /** Conversions recognized by the JVM.
         *  They must align with the constants in java.lang.invoke.AdapterMethodHandle,
         *  in the JVM file hotspot/src/share/vm/classfile/javaClasses.hpp.
         */
        static final int
            OP_RETYPE_ONLY   = 0x0, // no argument changes; straight retype
            OP_RETYPE_RAW    = 0x1, // straight retype, trusted (void->int, Object->T)
            OP_CHECK_CAST    = 0x2, // ref-to-ref conversion; requires a Class argument
            OP_PRIM_TO_PRIM  = 0x3, // converts from one primitive to another
            OP_REF_TO_PRIM   = 0x4, // unboxes a wrapper to produce a primitive
            OP_PRIM_TO_REF   = 0x5, // boxes a primitive into a wrapper
            OP_SWAP_ARGS     = 0x6, // swap arguments (vminfo is 2nd arg)
            OP_ROT_ARGS      = 0x7, // rotate arguments (vminfo is displaced arg)
            OP_DUP_ARGS      = 0x8, // duplicates one or more arguments (at TOS)
            OP_DROP_ARGS     = 0x9, // remove one or more argument slots
            OP_COLLECT_ARGS  = 0xA, // combine arguments using an auxiliary function
            OP_SPREAD_ARGS   = 0xB, // expand in place a varargs array (of known size)
            OP_FOLD_ARGS     = 0xC, // combine but do not remove arguments; prepend result
            //OP_UNUSED_13   = 0xD, // unused code, perhaps for reified argument lists
            CONV_OP_LIMIT    = 0xE; // limit of CONV_OP enumeration
        /** Shift and mask values for decoding the AMH.conversion field.
         *  These numbers are shared with the JVM for creating AMHs.
         */
        static final int
            CONV_OP_MASK     = 0xF00, // this nybble contains the conversion op field
            CONV_TYPE_MASK   = 0x0F,  // fits T_ADDRESS and below
            CONV_VMINFO_MASK = 0x0FF, // LSB is reserved for JVM use
            CONV_VMINFO_SHIFT     =  0, // position of bits in CONV_VMINFO_MASK
            CONV_OP_SHIFT         =  8, // position of bits in CONV_OP_MASK
            CONV_DEST_TYPE_SHIFT  = 12, // byte 2 has the adapter BasicType (if needed)
            CONV_SRC_TYPE_SHIFT   = 16, // byte 2 has the source BasicType (if needed)
            CONV_STACK_MOVE_SHIFT = 20, // high 12 bits give signed SP change
            CONV_STACK_MOVE_MASK  = (1 << (32 - CONV_STACK_MOVE_SHIFT)) - 1;

        /** Which conv-ops are implemented by the JVM? */
        static final int DEFAULT_CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK =
                // Value to use if the corresponding JVM query fails.
                ((1<<OP_RETYPE_ONLY)
                |(1<<OP_RETYPE_RAW)
                |(1<<OP_CHECK_CAST)
                |(1<<OP_PRIM_TO_PRIM)
                |(1<<OP_REF_TO_PRIM)
                |(1<<OP_SWAP_ARGS)
                |(1<<OP_ROT_ARGS)
                |(1<<OP_DUP_ARGS)
                |(1<<OP_DROP_ARGS)
                //|(1<<OP_SPREAD_ARGS)
                );

        /**
         * Basic types as encoded in the JVM.  These code values are not
         * intended for use outside this class.  They are used as part of
         * a private interface between the JVM and this class.
         */
        static final int
            T_BOOLEAN  =  4,
            T_CHAR     =  5,
            T_FLOAT    =  6,
            T_DOUBLE   =  7,
            T_BYTE     =  8,
            T_SHORT    =  9,
            T_INT      = 10,
            T_LONG     = 11,
            T_OBJECT   = 12,
            //T_ARRAY    = 13
            T_VOID     = 14,
            //T_ADDRESS  = 15
            T_ILLEGAL  = 99;

        /**
         * Constant pool reference-kind codes, as used by CONSTANT_MethodHandle CP entries.
         */
        static final int
            REF_getField                = 1,
            REF_getStatic               = 2,
            REF_putField                = 3,
            REF_putStatic               = 4,
            REF_invokeVirtual           = 5,
            REF_invokeStatic            = 6,
            REF_invokeSpecial           = 7,
            REF_newInvokeSpecial        = 8,
            REF_invokeInterface         = 9;
    }

    private static native int getNamedCon(int which, Object[] name);
    static boolean verifyConstants() {
        Object[] box = { null };
        for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
            box[0] = null;
            int vmval = getNamedCon(i, box);
            if (box[0] == null)  break;
            String name = (String) box[0];
            try {
                Field con = Constants.class.getDeclaredField(name);
                int jval = con.getInt(null);
                if (jval == vmval)  continue;
                String err = (name+": JVM has "+vmval+" while Java has "+jval);
                if (name.equals("CONV_OP_LIMIT")) {
                    System.err.println("warning: "+err);
                    continue;
                }
                throw new InternalError(err);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                if (ex instanceof NoSuchFieldException) {
                    String err = (name+": JVM has "+vmval+" which Java does not define");
                    // ignore exotic ops the JVM cares about; we just wont issue them
                    if (name.startsWith("OP_") || name.startsWith("GC_")) {
                        System.err.println("warning: "+err);
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                throw new InternalError(name+": access failed, got "+ex);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    static {
        assert(verifyConstants());
    }

    // Up-calls from the JVM.
    // These must NOT be public.

    /**
     * The JVM is linking an invokedynamic instruction.  Create a reified call site for it.
     */
    static CallSite makeDynamicCallSite(MethodHandle bootstrapMethod,
                                        String name, MethodType type,
                                        Object info,
                                        MemberName callerMethod, int callerBCI) {
        return CallSite.makeSite(bootstrapMethod, name, type, info, callerMethod, callerBCI);
    }

    /**
     * Called by the JVM to check the length of a spread array.
     */
    static void checkSpreadArgument(Object av, int n) {
        MethodHandleStatics.checkSpreadArgument(av, n);
    }

    /**
     * The JVM wants a pointer to a MethodType.  Oblige it by finding or creating one.
     */
    static MethodType findMethodHandleType(Class<?> rtype, Class<?>[] ptypes) {
        return MethodType.makeImpl(rtype, ptypes, true);
    }

    /**
     * The JVM wants to use a MethodType with inexact invoke.  Give the runtime fair warning.
     */
    static void notifyGenericMethodType(MethodType type) {
        type.form().notifyGenericMethodType();
    }

    /**
     * The JVM wants to raise an exception.  Here's the path.
     */
    static void raiseException(int code, Object actual, Object required) {
        String message = null;
        switch (code) {
        case 190: // arraylength
            try {
                String reqLength = "";
                if (required instanceof AdapterMethodHandle) {
                    int conv = ((AdapterMethodHandle)required).getConversion();
                    int spChange = AdapterMethodHandle.extractStackMove(conv);
                    reqLength = " of length "+(spChange+1);
                }
                int actualLength = actual == null ? 0 : java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(actual);
                message = "required array"+reqLength+", but encountered wrong length "+actualLength;
                break;
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            }
            required = Object[].class;  // should have been an array
            code = 192; // checkcast
            break;
        case 191: // athrow
            // JVM is asking us to wrap an exception which happened during resolving
            if (required == BootstrapMethodError.class) {
                throw new BootstrapMethodError((Throwable) actual);
            }
            break;
        }
        // disregard the identity of the actual object, if it is not a class:
        if (message == null) {
            if (!(actual instanceof Class) && !(actual instanceof MethodType))
                actual = actual.getClass();
           if (actual != null)
               message = "required "+required+" but encountered "+actual;
           else
               message = "required "+required;
        }
        switch (code) {
        case 190: // arraylength
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(message);
        case 50: //_aaload
            throw new ClassCastException(message);
        case 192: // checkcast
            throw new ClassCastException(message);
        default:
            throw new InternalError("unexpected code "+code+": "+message);
        }
    }

    /**
     * The JVM is resolving a CONSTANT_MethodHandle CP entry.  And it wants our help.
     * It will make an up-call to this method.  (Do not change the name or signature.)
     */
    static MethodHandle linkMethodHandleConstant(Class<?> callerClass, int refKind,
                                                 Class<?> defc, String name, Object type) {
        try {
            Lookup lookup = IMPL_LOOKUP.in(callerClass);
            return lookup.linkMethodHandleConstant(refKind, defc, name, type);
        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
            Error err = new IncompatibleClassChangeError();
            err.initCause(ex);
            throw err;
        }
    }

    /**
     * This assertion marks code which was written before ricochet frames were implemented.
     * Such code will go away when the ports catch up.
     */
    static boolean workaroundWithoutRicochetFrames() {
        assert(!HAVE_RICOCHET_FRAMES) : "this code should not be executed if `-XX:+UseRicochetFrames is enabled";
        return true;
    }
}