8025909: Lambda Library Spec Updates

8024179: Document limitations and performance characteristics of stream sources and operations
8024138: (Spec clarification) Lambda Metafacory spec should state DMH constraint on implMethod
Reviewed-by: mduigou
Contributed-by: brian.goetz@oracle.com, paul.sandoz@oracle.com

src/share/classes/java/lang/Iterable.java

@@ -51,10 +51,12 @@ public interface Iterable<T> {
     Iterator<T> iterator();
 
     /**
-     * Performs the given action on the contents of the {@code Iterable}, in the
-     * order elements occur when iterating, until all elements have been
-     * processed or the action throws an exception.  Errors or runtime
-     * exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
+     * Performs the given action for each element of the {@code Iterable}
+     * until all elements have been processed or the action throws an
+     * exception.  Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class,
+     * actions are performed in the order of iteration (if an iteration order
+     * is specified).  Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the
+     * caller.
      *
      * @implSpec
      * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:

src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.java

@@ -183,15 +183,15 @@ public class LambdaMetafactory {
      * @param samMethodType MethodType of the method in the functional interface
      *                      to which the lambda or method reference is being
      *                      converted, represented as a MethodType.
-     * @param implMethod The implementation method which should be called
-     *                   (with suitable adaptation of argument types, return
-     *                   types, and adjustment for captured arguments) when
-     *                   methods of the resulting functional interface instance
-     *                   are invoked.
+     * @param implMethod A direct method handle describing the implementation
+     *                   method which should be called (with suitable adaptation
+     *                   of argument types, return types, and adjustment for
+     *                   captured arguments) when methods of the resulting
+     *                   functional interface instance are invoked.
      * @param instantiatedMethodType The signature of the primary functional
      *                               interface method after type variables
      *                               are substituted with their instantiation
-     *                               from the capture site
+     *                               from the capture site.
      * @return a CallSite, which, when invoked, will return an instance of the
      * functional interface
      * @throws ReflectiveOperationException if the caller is not able to
@@ -220,15 +220,21 @@ public class LambdaMetafactory {
      * references to functional interfaces, which supports serialization and
      * other uncommon options.
      *
-     * The declared argument list for this method is:
+     * <p>The declared argument list for this method is:
      *
+     * <pre>{@code
      *  CallSite altMetafactory(MethodHandles.Lookup caller,
      *                          String invokedName,
      *                          MethodType invokedType,
      *                          Object... args)
+     * }</pre>
      *
-     * but it behaves as if the argument list is:
+     * <p>but it behaves as if the argument list is as follows, where names that
+     * appear in the argument list for
+     * {@link #metafactory(MethodHandles.Lookup, String, MethodType, MethodType, MethodHandle, MethodType)}
+     * have the same specification as in that method:
      *
+     * <pre>{@code
      *  CallSite altMetafactory(MethodHandles.Lookup caller,
      *                          String invokedName,
      *                          MethodType invokedType,
@@ -241,7 +247,15 @@ public class LambdaMetafactory {
      *                          int bridgeCount,          // IF flags has BRIDGES set
      *                          MethodType... bridges     // IF flags has BRIDGES set
      *                          )
+     * }</pre>
      *
+     * <p>If the flags contains {@code FLAG_SERIALIZABLE}, or one of the marker
+     * interfaces extends {@link Serializable}, the metafactory will link the
+     * call site to one that produces a serializable lambda.  In addition to
+     * the lambda instance implementing {@code Serializable}, it will have a
+     * {@code writeReplace} method that returns an appropriate {@link
+     * SerializedLambda}, and an appropriate {@code $deserializeLambda$}
+     * method.
      *
      * @param caller Stacked automatically by VM; represents a lookup context
      *               with the accessibility privileges of the caller.
@@ -257,7 +271,7 @@ public class LambdaMetafactory {
      *                    In the event that the implementation method is an
      *                    instance method, the first argument in the invocation
      *                    signature will correspond to the receiver.
-     * @param  args       flags and optional arguments, as described above
+     * @param  args       flags and optional arguments, as described above.
      * @return a CallSite, which, when invoked, will return an instance of the
      * functional interface
      * @throws ReflectiveOperationException if the caller is not able to

src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/SerializedLambda.java

@@ -32,9 +32,26 @@ import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
- * Serialized form of a lambda expression.  The properties of this class represent the information that is present
- * at the lambda factory site, including the identity of the primary functional interface method, the identity of the
- * implementation method, and any variables captured from the local environment at the time of lambda capture.
+ * Serialized form of a lambda expression.  The properties of this class
+ * represent the information that is present at the lambda factory site, including
+ * static metafactory arguments such as the identity of the primary functional
+ * interface method and the identity of the implementation method, as well as
+ * dynamic metafactory arguments such as values captured from the lexical scope
+ * at the time of lambda capture.
+ *
+ * <p>Implementors of serializable lambdas, such as compilers or language
+ * runtime libraries, are expected to ensure that instances deserialize properly.
+ * One means to do so is to ensure that the {@code writeReplace} method returns
+ * an instance of {@code SerializedLambda}, rather than allowing default
+ * serialization to proceed.
+ *
+ * <p>{@code SerializedLambda} has a {@code readResolve} method that looks for
+ * a (possibly private) static method called
+ * {@code $deserializeLambda$(SerializedLambda)} in the capturing class, invokes
+ * that with itself as the first argument, and returns the result.  Lambda classes
+ * implementing {@code $deserializeLambda$} are responsible for validating
+ * that the properties of the {@code SerializedLambda} are consistent with a
+ * lambda actually captured by that class.
  *
  * @see LambdaMetafactory
  */

src/share/classes/java/util/DoubleSummaryStatistics.java

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public class DoubleSummaryStatistics implements DoubleConsumer {
      * numerical sum compared to a simple summation of {@code double}
      * values.
      *
-     * @apiNote Sorting values by increasing absolute magnitude tends to yield
+     * @apiNote Values sorted by increasing absolute magnitude tend to yield
      * more accurate results.
      *
      * @return the sum of values, or zero if none

src/share/classes/java/util/Iterator.java

@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ public interface Iterator<E> {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs the given action for each remaining element, in the order
-     * elements occur when iterating, until all elements have been processed or
-     * the action throws an exception.  Errors or runtime exceptions thrown by
-     * the action are relayed to the caller.
+     * Performs the given action for each remaining element until all elements
+     * have been processed or the action throws an exception.  Actions are
+     * performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified.
+     * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
      *
      * @implSpec
      * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:

src/share/classes/java/util/List.java

@@ -192,8 +192,9 @@ public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> {
      * The following code can be used to dump the list into a newly
      * allocated array of <tt>String</tt>:
      *
-     * <pre>
-     *     String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);</pre>
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);
+     * }</pre>
      *
      * Note that <tt>toArray(new Object[0])</tt> is identical in function to
      * <tt>toArray()</tt>.
@@ -383,14 +384,13 @@ public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> {
      *
      * @implSpec
      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code list}:
-     * <pre>
-     * {@code
-     * final ListIterator<E> li = list.listIterator();
-     * while (li.hasNext()) {
-     *   li.set(operator.apply(li.next()));
-     * }
-     * }
-     * </pre>
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     final ListIterator<E> li = list.listIterator();
+     *     while (li.hasNext()) {
+     *         li.set(operator.apply(li.next()));
+     *     }
+     * }</pre>
+     *
      * If the list's list-iterator does not support the {@code set} operation
      * then an {@code UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown when
      * replacing the first element.
@@ -469,11 +469,11 @@ public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> {
     /**
      * Returns the hash code value for this list.  The hash code of a list
      * is defined to be the result of the following calculation:
-     * <pre>
-     *  int hashCode = 1;
-     *  for (E e : list)
-     *      hashCode = 31*hashCode + (e==null ? 0 : e.hashCode());
-     * </pre>
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     int hashCode = 1;
+     *     for (E e : list)
+     *         hashCode = 31*hashCode + (e==null ? 0 : e.hashCode());
+     * }</pre>
      * This ensures that <tt>list1.equals(list2)</tt> implies that
      * <tt>list1.hashCode()==list2.hashCode()</tt> for any two lists,
      * <tt>list1</tt> and <tt>list2</tt>, as required by the general
@@ -640,9 +640,9 @@ public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> {
      * a list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view
      * instead of a whole list.  For example, the following idiom
      * removes a range of elements from a list:
-     * <pre>
+     * <pre>{@code
      *      list.subList(from, to).clear();
-     * </pre>
+     * }</pre>
      * Similar idioms may be constructed for <tt>indexOf</tt> and
      * <tt>lastIndexOf</tt>, and all of the algorithms in the
      * <tt>Collections</tt> class can be applied to a subList.<p>

src/share/classes/java/util/Map.java

@@ -562,9 +562,8 @@ public interface Map<K,V> {
     // Defaultable methods
 
     /**
-     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
-     * or {@code defaultValue} if this map contains no mapping
-     * for the key.
+     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
+     * {@code defaultValue} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
      *
      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
@@ -591,9 +590,10 @@ public interface Map<K,V> {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs the given action on each entry in this map, in the order entries
-     * are returned by an entry set iterator (which may be unspecified), until
-     * all entries have been processed or the action throws an {@code Exception}.
+     * Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries
+     * have been processed or the action throws an exception.   Unless
+     * otherwise specified by the implementing class, actions are performed in
+     * the order of entry set iteration (if an iteration order is specified.)
      * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
      *
      * <p>The default implementation should be overridden by implementations if
@@ -636,9 +636,9 @@ public interface Map<K,V> {
 
     /**
      * Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given
-     * function on that entry, in the order entries are returned by an entry
-     * set iterator, until all entries have been processed or the function
-     * throws an exception.
+     * function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the
+     * function throws an exception.  Exceptions thrown by the function are
+     * relayed to the caller.
      *
      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing

src/share/classes/java/util/PrimitiveIterator.java

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ public interface PrimitiveIterator<T, T_CONS> extends Iterator<T> {
      * @param action The action to be performed for each element
      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
      */
+    @SuppressWarnings("overloads")
     void forEachRemaining(T_CONS action);
 
     /**
@@ -93,10 +94,10 @@ public interface PrimitiveIterator<T, T_CONS> extends Iterator<T> {
         int nextInt();
 
         /**
-         * Performs the given action for each remaining element, in the order
-         * elements occur when iterating, until all elements have been processed
-         * or the action throws an exception.  Errors or runtime exceptions
-         * thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
+         * Performs the given action for each remaining element until all elements
+         * have been processed or the action throws an exception.  Actions are
+         * performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified.
+         * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
          *
          * @implSpec
          * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
@@ -167,10 +168,10 @@ public interface PrimitiveIterator<T, T_CONS> extends Iterator<T> {
         long nextLong();
 
         /**
-         * Performs the given action for each remaining element, in the order
-         * elements occur when iterating, until all elements have been processed
-         * or the action throws an exception.  Errors or runtime exceptions
-         * thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
+         * Performs the given action for each remaining element until all elements
+         * have been processed or the action throws an exception.  Actions are
+         * performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified.
+         * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
          *
          * @implSpec
          * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
@@ -240,10 +241,10 @@ public interface PrimitiveIterator<T, T_CONS> extends Iterator<T> {
         double nextDouble();
 
         /**
-         * Performs the given action for each remaining element, in the order
-         * elements occur when iterating, until all elements have been processed
-         * or the action throws an exception.  Errors or runtime exceptions
-         * thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
+         * Performs the given action for each remaining element until all elements
+         * have been processed or the action throws an exception.  Actions are
+         * performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified.
+         * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
          *
          * @implSpec
          * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:

src/share/classes/java/util/Spliterator.java

@@ -613,6 +613,7 @@ public interface Spliterator<T> {
          * upon entry to this method, else {@code true}.
          * @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
          */
+        @SuppressWarnings("overloads")
         boolean tryAdvance(T_CONS action);
 
         /**
@@ -630,6 +631,7 @@ public interface Spliterator<T> {
          * @param action The action
          * @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
          */
+        @SuppressWarnings("overloads")
         default void forEachRemaining(T_CONS action) {
             do { } while (tryAdvance(action));
         }

src/share/classes/java/util/function/package-info.java

@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@
  * actions, or predicates.  In documenting functional interfaces, or referring
  * to variables typed as functional interfaces, it is common to refer directly
  * to those abstract concepts, for example using "this function" instead of
- * "the function represented by this object".
+ * "the function represented by this object".  When an API method is said to
+ * accept or return a functional interface in this manner, such as "applies the
+ * provided function to...", this is understood to mean a <i>non-null</i>
+ * reference to an object implementing the appropriate functional interface,
+ * unless potential nullity is explicitly specified.
  *
  * <p>The functional interfaces in this package follow an extensible naming
  * convention, as follows:

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/BaseStream.java

@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ import java.util.function.IntConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
- * A sequence of elements supporting sequential and parallel aggregate
- * operations.  The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
- * {@link Stream} and {@link IntStream}:
+ * Base interface for streams, which are sequences of elements supporting
+ * sequential and parallel aggregate operations.  The following example
+ * illustrates an aggregate operation using the stream types {@link Stream}
+ * and {@link IntStream}, computing the sum of the weights of the red widgets:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
  *     int sum = widgets.stream()
@@ -46,80 +47,18 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
  *                      .sum();
  * }</pre>
  *
- * In this example, {@code widgets} is a {@code Collection<Widget>}.  We create
- * a stream of {@code Widget} objects via {@link Collection#stream Collection.stream()},
- * filter it to produce a stream containing only the red widgets, and then
- * transform it into a stream of {@code int} values representing the weight of
- * each red widget. Then this stream is summed to produce a total weight.
- *
- * <p>To perform a computation, stream
- * <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">operations</a> are composed into a
- * <em>stream pipeline</em>.  A stream pipeline consists of a source (which
- * might be an array, a collection, a generator function, an IO channel,
- * etc), zero or more <em>intermediate operations</em> (which transform a
- * stream into another stream, such as {@link Stream#filter(Predicate)}), and a
- * <em>terminal operation</em> (which produces a result or side-effect, such
- * as {@link IntStream#sum()} or {@link IntStream#forEach(IntConsumer)}).
- * Streams are lazy; computation on the source data is only performed when the
- * terminal operation is initiated, and source elements are consumed only
- * as needed.
- *
- * <p>Collections and streams, while bearing some superficial similarities,
- * have different goals.  Collections are primarily concerned with the efficient
- * management of, and access to, their elements.  By contrast, streams do not
- * provide a means to directly access or manipulate their elements, and are
- * instead concerned with declaratively describing their source and the
- * computational operations which will be performed in aggregate on that source.
- * However, if the provided stream operations do not offer the desired
- * functionality, the {@link #iterator()} and {@link #spliterator()} operations
- * can be used to perform a controlled traversal.
- *
- * <p>A stream pipeline, like the "widgets" example above, can be viewed as
- * a <em>query</em> on the stream source.  Unless the source was explicitly
- * designed for concurrent modification (such as a {@link ConcurrentHashMap}),
- * unpredictable or erroneous behavior may result from modifying the stream
- * source while it is being queried.
- *
- * <p>Most stream operations accept parameters that describe user-specified
- * behavior, such as the lambda expression {@code w -> w.getWeight()} passed to
- * {@code mapToInt} in the example above.  Such parameters are always instances
- * of a <a href="../function/package-summary.html">functional interface</a> such
- * as {@link java.util.function.Function}, and are often lambda expressions or
- * method references.  These parameters can never be null, should not modify the
- * stream source, and should be
- * <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">effectively stateless</a>
- * (their result should not depend on any state that might change during
- * execution of the stream pipeline.)
- *
- * <p>A stream should be operated on (invoking an intermediate or terminal stream
- * operation) only once.  This rules out, for example, "forked" streams, where
- * the same source feeds two or more pipelines, or multiple traversals of the
- * same stream.  A stream implementation may throw {@link IllegalStateException}
- * if it detects that the stream is being reused. However, since some stream
- * operations may return their receiver rather than a new stream object, it may
- * not be possible to detect reuse in all cases.
- *
- * <p>Streams have a {@link #close()} method and implement {@link AutoCloseable},
- * but nearly all stream instances do not actually need to be closed after use.
- * Generally, only streams whose source is an IO channel (such as those returned
- * by {@link Files#lines(Path, Charset)}) will require closing.  Most streams
- * are backed by collections, arrays, or generating functions, which require no
- * special resource management.  (If a stream does require closing, it can be
- * declared as a resource in a {@code try}-with-resources statement.)
- *
- * <p>Stream pipelines may execute either sequentially or in
- * <a href="package-summary.html#Parallelism">parallel</a>.  This
- * execution mode is a property of the stream.  Streams are created
- * with an initial choice of sequential or parallel execution.  (For example,
- * {@link Collection#stream() Collection.stream()} creates a sequential stream,
- * and {@link Collection#parallelStream() Collection.parallelStream()} creates
- * a parallel one.)  This choice of execution mode may be modified by the
- * {@link #sequential()} or {@link #parallel()} methods, and may be queried with
- * the {@link #isParallel()} method.
+ * See the class documentation for {@link Stream} and the package documentation
+ * for <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a> for additional
+ * specification of streams, stream operations, stream pipelines, and
+ * parallelism, which governs the behavior of all stream types.
  *
  * @param <T> the type of the stream elements
  * @param <S> the type of of the stream implementing {@code BaseStream}
  * @since 1.8
+ * @see Stream
+ * @see IntStream
+ * @see LongStream
+ * @see DoubleStream
  * @see <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a>
  */
 public interface BaseStream<T, S extends BaseStream<T, S>>

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/Collectors.java

@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      */
     public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Integer>
     summingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> mapper) {
-        return new CollectorImpl<T, int[], Integer>(
+        return new CollectorImpl<>(
                 () -> new int[1],
                 (a, t) -> { a[0] += mapper.applyAsInt(t); },
                 (a, b) -> { a[0] += b[0]; return a; },
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      */
     public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Long>
     summingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> mapper) {
-        return new CollectorImpl<T, long[], Long>(
+        return new CollectorImpl<>(
                 () -> new long[1],
                 (a, t) -> { a[0] += mapper.applyAsLong(t); },
                 (a, b) -> { a[0] += b[0]; return a; },
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      */
     public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Double>
     summingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> mapper) {
-        return new CollectorImpl<T, double[], Double>(
+        return new CollectorImpl<>(
                 () -> new double[1],
                 (a, t) -> { a[0] += mapper.applyAsDouble(t); },
                 (a, b) -> { a[0] += b[0]; return a; },
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      */
     public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Double>
     averagingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> mapper) {
-        return new CollectorImpl<T, long[], Double>(
+        return new CollectorImpl<>(
                 () -> new long[2],
                 (a, t) -> { a[0] += mapper.applyAsInt(t); a[1]++; },
                 (a, b) -> { a[0] += b[0]; a[1] += b[1]; return a; },
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      */
     public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Double>
     averagingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> mapper) {
-        return new CollectorImpl<T, long[], Double>(
+        return new CollectorImpl<>(
                 () -> new long[2],
                 (a, t) -> { a[0] += mapper.applyAsLong(t); a[1]++; },
                 (a, b) -> { a[0] += b[0]; a[1] += b[1]; return a; },
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      */
     public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Double>
     averagingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> mapper) {
-        return new CollectorImpl<T, double[], Double>(
+        return new CollectorImpl<>(
                 () -> new double[2],
                 (a, t) -> { a[0] += mapper.applyAsDouble(t); a[1]++; },
                 (a, b) -> { a[0] += b[0]; a[1] += b[1]; return a; },
@@ -723,6 +723,14 @@ public final class Collectors {
      *     groupingBy(classifier, toList());
      * }</pre>
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * The returned {@code Collector} is not concurrent.  For parallel stream
+     * pipelines, the {@code combiner} function operates by merging the keys
+     * from one map into another, which can be an expensive operation.  If
+     * preservation of the order in which elements appear in the resulting {@code Map}
+     * collector is not required, using {@link #groupingByConcurrent(Function)}
+     * may offer better parallel performance.
+     *
      * @param <T> the type of the input elements
      * @param <K> the type of the keys
      * @param classifier the classifier function mapping input elements to keys
@@ -759,6 +767,14 @@ public final class Collectors {
      *                                              mapping(Person::getLastName, toSet())));
      * }</pre>
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * The returned {@code Collector} is not concurrent.  For parallel stream
+     * pipelines, the {@code combiner} function operates by merging the keys
+     * from one map into another, which can be an expensive operation.  If
+     * preservation of the order in which elements are presented to the downstream
+     * collector is not required, using {@link #groupingByConcurrent(Function, Collector)}
+     * may offer better parallel performance.
+     *
      * @param <T> the type of the input elements
      * @param <K> the type of the keys
      * @param <A> the intermediate accumulation type of the downstream collector
@@ -798,6 +814,14 @@ public final class Collectors {
      *                                              mapping(Person::getLastName, toSet())));
      * }</pre>
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * The returned {@code Collector} is not concurrent.  For parallel stream
+     * pipelines, the {@code combiner} function operates by merging the keys
+     * from one map into another, which can be an expensive operation.  If
+     * preservation of the order in which elements are presented to the downstream
+     * collector is not required, using {@link #groupingByConcurrent(Function, Supplier, Collector)}
+     * may offer better parallel performance.
+     *
      * @param <T> the type of the input elements
      * @param <K> the type of the keys
      * @param <A> the intermediate accumulation type of the downstream collector
@@ -871,7 +895,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      * @param <T> the type of the input elements
      * @param <K> the type of the keys
      * @param classifier a classifier function mapping input elements to keys
-     * @return a {@code Collector} implementing the group-by operation
+     * @return a concurrent, unordered {@code Collector} implementing the group-by operation
      *
      * @see #groupingBy(Function)
      * @see #groupingByConcurrent(Function, Collector)
@@ -912,7 +936,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      * @param <D> the result type of the downstream reduction
      * @param classifier a classifier function mapping input elements to keys
      * @param downstream a {@code Collector} implementing the downstream reduction
-     * @return a {@code Collector} implementing the cascaded group-by operation
+     * @return a concurrent, unordered {@code Collector} implementing the cascaded group-by operation
      *
      * @see #groupingBy(Function, Collector)
      * @see #groupingByConcurrent(Function)
@@ -958,7 +982,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      * @param downstream a {@code Collector} implementing the downstream reduction
      * @param mapFactory a function which, when called, produces a new empty
      *                   {@code ConcurrentMap} of the desired type
-     * @return a {@code Collector} implementing the cascaded group-by operation
+     * @return a concurrent, unordered {@code Collector} implementing the cascaded group-by operation
      *
      * @see #groupingByConcurrent(Function)
      * @see #groupingByConcurrent(Function, Collector)
@@ -1072,7 +1096,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulate elements into a
+     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulates elements into a
      * {@code Map} whose keys and values are the result of applying the provided
      * mapping functions to the input elements.
      *
@@ -1101,6 +1125,14 @@ public final class Collectors {
      *                                         Functions.identity());
      * }</pre>
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * The returned {@code Collector} is not concurrent.  For parallel stream
+     * pipelines, the {@code combiner} function operates by merging the keys
+     * from one map into another, which can be an expensive operation.  If it is
+     * not required that results are inserted into the {@code Map} in encounter
+     * order, using {@link #toConcurrentMap(Function, Function)}
+     * may offer better parallel performance.
+     *
      * @param <T> the type of the input elements
      * @param <K> the output type of the key mapping function
      * @param <U> the output type of the value mapping function
@@ -1121,7 +1153,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulate elements into a
+     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulates elements into a
      * {@code Map} whose keys and values are the result of applying the provided
      * mapping functions to the input elements.
      *
@@ -1146,6 +1178,14 @@ public final class Collectors {
      *                                       (s, a) -> s + ", " + a));
      * }</pre>
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * The returned {@code Collector} is not concurrent.  For parallel stream
+     * pipelines, the {@code combiner} function operates by merging the keys
+     * from one map into another, which can be an expensive operation.  If it is
+     * not required that results are merged into the {@code Map} in encounter
+     * order, using {@link #toConcurrentMap(Function, Function, BinaryOperator)}
+     * may offer better parallel performance.
+     *
      * @param <T> the type of the input elements
      * @param <K> the output type of the key mapping function
      * @param <U> the output type of the value mapping function
@@ -1172,7 +1212,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulate elements into a
+     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulates elements into a
      * {@code Map} whose keys and values are the result of applying the provided
      * mapping functions to the input elements.
      *
@@ -1182,6 +1222,14 @@ public final class Collectors {
      * results are merged using the provided merging function.  The {@code Map}
      * is created by a provided supplier function.
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * The returned {@code Collector} is not concurrent.  For parallel stream
+     * pipelines, the {@code combiner} function operates by merging the keys
+     * from one map into another, which can be an expensive operation.  If it is
+     * not required that results are merged into the {@code Map} in encounter
+     * order, using {@link #toConcurrentMap(Function, Function, BinaryOperator, Supplier)}
+     * may offer better parallel performance.
+     *
      * @param <T> the type of the input elements
      * @param <K> the output type of the key mapping function
      * @param <U> the output type of the value mapping function
@@ -1215,7 +1263,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulate elements into a
+     * Returns a concurrent {@code Collector} that accumulates elements into a
      * {@code ConcurrentMap} whose keys and values are the result of applying
      * the provided mapping functions to the input elements.
      *
@@ -1252,7 +1300,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      * @param <U> the output type of the value mapping function
      * @param keyMapper the mapping function to produce keys
      * @param valueMapper the mapping function to produce values
-     * @return a concurrent {@code Collector} which collects elements into a
+     * @return a concurrent, unordered {@code Collector} which collects elements into a
      * {@code ConcurrentMap} whose keys are the result of applying a key mapping
      * function to the input elements, and whose values are the result of
      * applying a value mapping function to the input elements
@@ -1268,7 +1316,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulate elements into a
+     * Returns a concurrent {@code Collector} that accumulates elements into a
      * {@code ConcurrentMap} whose keys and values are the result of applying
      * the provided mapping functions to the input elements.
      *
@@ -1303,7 +1351,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      * @param mergeFunction a merge function, used to resolve collisions between
      *                      values associated with the same key, as supplied
      *                      to {@link Map#merge(Object, Object, BiFunction)}
-     * @return a concurrent {@code Collector} which collects elements into a
+     * @return a concurrent, unordered {@code Collector} which collects elements into a
      * {@code ConcurrentMap} whose keys are the result of applying a key mapping
      * function to the input elements, and whose values are the result of
      * applying a value mapping function to all input elements equal to the key
@@ -1322,7 +1370,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulate elements into a
+     * Returns a concurrent {@code Collector} that accumulates elements into a
      * {@code ConcurrentMap} whose keys and values are the result of applying
      * the provided mapping functions to the input elements.
      *
@@ -1345,7 +1393,7 @@ public final class Collectors {
      *                      to {@link Map#merge(Object, Object, BiFunction)}
      * @param mapSupplier a function which returns a new, empty {@code Map} into
      *                    which the results will be inserted
-     * @return a concurrent {@code Collector} which collects elements into a
+     * @return a concurrent, unordered {@code Collector} which collects elements into a
      * {@code ConcurrentMap} whose keys are the result of applying a key mapping
      * function to the input elements, and whose values are the result of
      * applying a value mapping function to all input elements equal to the key

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/DoubleStream.java

@@ -50,9 +50,13 @@ import java.util.function.ObjDoubleConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 /**
- * A sequence of elements supporting sequential and parallel aggregate
- * operations.  The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
- * {@link Stream} and {@link DoubleStream}:
+ * A sequence of primitive double-valued elements supporting sequential and parallel
+ * aggregate operations.  This is the {@code double} primitive specialization of
+ * {@link Stream}.
+ *
+ * <p>The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
+ * {@link Stream} and {@link DoubleStream}, computing the sum of the weights of the
+ * red widgets:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
  *     double sum = widgets.stream()
@@ -61,78 +65,13 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
  *                         .sum();
  * }</pre>
  *
- * In this example, {@code widgets} is a {@code Collection<Widget>}.  We create
- * a stream of {@code Widget} objects via {@link Collection#stream Collection.stream()},
- * filter it to produce a stream containing only the red widgets, and then
- * transform it into a stream of {@code double} values representing the weight of
- * each red widget. Then this stream is summed to produce a total weight.
- *
- * <p>To perform a computation, stream
- * <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">operations</a> are composed into a
- * <em>stream pipeline</em>.  A stream pipeline consists of a source (which
- * might be an array, a collection, a generator function, an IO channel,
- * etc), zero or more <em>intermediate operations</em> (which transform a
- * stream into another stream, such as {@link DoubleStream#filter(DoublePredicate)}), and a
- * <em>terminal operation</em> (which produces a result or side-effect, such
- * as {@link DoubleStream#sum()} or {@link DoubleStream#forEach(DoubleConsumer)}.
- * Streams are lazy; computation on the source data is only performed when the
- * terminal operation is initiated, and source elements are consumed only
- * as needed.
- *
- * <p>Collections and streams, while bearing some superficial similarities,
- * have different goals.  Collections are primarily concerned with the efficient
- * management of, and access to, their elements.  By contrast, streams do not
- * provide a means to directly access or manipulate their elements, and are
- * instead concerned with declaratively describing their source and the
- * computational operations which will be performed in aggregate on that source.
- * However, if the provided stream operations do not offer the desired
- * functionality, the {@link #iterator()} and {@link #spliterator()} operations
- * can be used to perform a controlled traversal.
- *
- * <p>A stream pipeline, like the "widgets" example above, can be viewed as
- * a <em>query</em> on the stream source.  Unless the source was explicitly
- * designed for concurrent modification (such as a {@link ConcurrentHashMap}),
- * unpredictable or erroneous behavior may result from modifying the stream
- * source while it is being queried.
- *
- * <p>Most stream operations accept parameters that describe user-specified
- * behavior, such as the lambda expression {@code w -> w.getWeight()} passed to
- * {@code mapToDouble} in the example above.  Such parameters are always instances
- * of a <a href="../function/package-summary.html">functional interface</a> such
- * as {@link java.util.function.Function}, and are often lambda expressions or
- * method references.  These parameters can never be null, should not modify the
- * stream source, and should be
- * <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">effectively stateless</a>
- * (their result should not depend on any state that might change during
- * execution of the stream pipeline.)
- *
- * <p>A stream should be operated on (invoking an intermediate or terminal stream
- * operation) only once.  This rules out, for example, "forked" streams, where
- * the same source feeds two or more pipelines, or multiple traversals of the
- * same stream.  A stream implementation may throw {@link IllegalStateException}
- * if it detects that the stream is being reused. However, since some stream
- * operations may return their receiver rather than a new stream object, it may
- * not be possible to detect reuse in all cases.
- *
- * <p>Streams have a {@link #close()} method and implement {@link AutoCloseable},
- * but nearly all stream instances do not actually need to be closed after use.
- * Generally, only streams whose source is an IO channel (such as those returned
- * by {@link Files#lines(Path, Charset)}) will require closing.  Most streams
- * are backed by collections, arrays, or generating functions, which require no
- * special resource management.  (If a stream does require closing, it can be
- * declared as a resource in a {@code try}-with-resources statement.)
- *
- * <p>Stream pipelines may execute either sequentially or in
- * <a href="package-summary.html#Parallelism">parallel</a>.  This
- * execution mode is a property of the stream.  Streams are created
- * with an initial choice of sequential or parallel execution.  (For example,
- * {@link Collection#stream() Collection.stream()} creates a sequential stream,
- * and {@link Collection#parallelStream() Collection.parallelStream()} creates
- * a parallel one.)  This choice of execution mode may be modified by the
- * {@link #sequential()} or {@link #parallel()} methods, and may be queried with
- * the {@link #isParallel()} method.
+ * See the class documentation for {@link Stream} and the package documentation
+ * for <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a> for additional
+ * specification of streams, stream operations, stream pipelines, and
+ * parallelism.
  *
  * @since 1.8
+ * @see Stream
  * @see <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a>
  */
 public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
@@ -144,9 +83,10 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *                  non-interfering, stateless</a> predicate to apply to
-     *                  each element to determine if it should be included
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to each element to determine if it
+     *                  should be included
      * @return the new stream
      */
     DoubleStream filter(DoublePredicate predicate);
@@ -158,9 +98,9 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to
-     *               each element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     DoubleStream map(DoubleUnaryOperator mapper);
@@ -173,9 +113,9 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      *     intermediate operation</a>.
      *
      * @param <U> the element type of the new stream
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     <U> Stream<U> mapToObj(DoubleFunction<? extends U> mapper);
@@ -187,9 +127,9 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     IntStream mapToInt(DoubleToIntFunction mapper);
@@ -201,9 +141,9 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     LongStream mapToLong(DoubleToLongFunction mapper);
@@ -218,10 +158,10 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to
-     *               each element which produces an {@code DoubleStream} of new
-     *               values
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces a
+     *               {@code DoubleStream} of new values
      * @return the new stream
      * @see Stream#flatMap(Function)
      */
@@ -276,8 +216,8 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * }</pre>
      *
      * @param action a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *                 non-interfering</a> action to perform on the elements as
-     *                 they are consumed from the stream
+     *               non-interfering</a> action to perform on the elements as
+     *               they are consumed from the stream
      * @return the new stream
      */
     DoubleStream peek(DoubleConsumer action);
@@ -423,9 +363,10 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * synchronization and with greatly reduced risk of data races.
      *
      * @param identity the identity value for the accumulating function
-     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see #sum()
      * @see #min()
@@ -462,9 +403,10 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *           stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see #reduce(double, DoubleBinaryOperator)
      */
@@ -495,14 +437,15 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * @param supplier a function that creates a new result container. For a
      *                 parallel execution, this function may be called
      *                 multiple times and must return a fresh value each time.
-     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for incorporating an additional
-     *                    element into a result
-     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                 <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                 stateless</a> function for combining two values, which
-     *                 must be compatible with the accumulator function
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for incorporating an additional element into a result
+     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for combining two values, which must be
+     *                    compatible with the accumulator function
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see Stream#collect(Supplier, BiConsumer, BiConsumer)
      */
@@ -544,8 +487,8 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @apiNote Sorting values by increasing absolute magnitude tends to yield
-     * more accurate results.
+     * @apiNote Elements sorted by increasing absolute magnitude tend
+     * to yield more accurate results.
      *
      * @return the sum of elements in this stream
      */
@@ -651,48 +594,67 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
     /**
      * Returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided
      * predicate.  May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not
-     * necessary for determining the result.
+     * necessary for determining the result.  If the stream is empty then
+     * {@code false} is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>existential quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for some x P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
      * @return {@code true} if any elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * predicate, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean anyMatch(DoublePredicate predicate);
 
     /**
      * Returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if all elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x P(x)).  If the
+     * stream is empty, the quantification is said to be <em>vacuously
+     * satisfied</em> and is always {@code true} (regardless of P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either all elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean allMatch(DoublePredicate predicate);
 
     /**
      * Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if no elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * negated predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x ~P(x)).  If
+     * the stream is empty, the quantification is said to be vacuously satisfied
+     * and is always {@code true}, regardless of P(x).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either no elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean noneMatch(DoublePredicate predicate);
 
@@ -832,12 +794,12 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a sequential stream where each element is generated by
-     * the provided {@code DoubleSupplier}.  This is suitable for generating
-     * constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
+     * Returns an infinite sequential unordered stream where each element is
+     * generated by the provided {@code DoubleSupplier}.  This is suitable for
+     * generating constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
      *
      * @param s the {@code DoubleSupplier} for generated elements
-     * @return a new sequential {@code DoubleStream}
+     * @return a new infinite sequential unordered {@code DoubleStream}
      */
     public static DoubleStream generate(DoubleSupplier s) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(s);
@@ -848,11 +810,16 @@ public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double, DoubleStream> {
     /**
      * Creates a lazily concatenated stream whose elements are all the
      * elements of the first stream followed by all the elements of the
-     * second stream. The resulting stream is ordered if both
+     * second stream.  The resulting stream is ordered if both
      * of the input streams are ordered, and parallel if either of the input
      * streams is parallel.  When the resulting stream is closed, the close
      * handlers for both input streams are invoked.
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * Use caution when constructing streams from repeated concatenation.
+     * Accessing an element of a deeply concatenated stream can result in deep
+     * call chains, or even {@code StackOverflowException}.
+     *
      * @param a the first stream
      * @param b the second stream
      * @return the concatenation of the two input streams

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/IntStream.java

@@ -24,11 +24,7 @@
  */
 package java.util.stream;
 
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.IntSummaryStatistics;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.OptionalDouble;
@@ -36,7 +32,6 @@ import java.util.OptionalInt;
 import java.util.PrimitiveIterator;
 import java.util.Spliterator;
 import java.util.Spliterators;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.IntBinaryOperator;
@@ -51,9 +46,13 @@ import java.util.function.ObjIntConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 /**
- * A sequence of elements supporting sequential and parallel aggregate
- * operations.  The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
- * {@link Stream} and {@link IntStream}:
+ * A sequence of primitive int-valued elements supporting sequential and parallel
+ * aggregate operations.  This is the {@code int} primitive specialization of
+ * {@link Stream}.
+ *
+ * <p>The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
+ * {@link Stream} and {@link IntStream}, computing the sum of the weights of the
+ * red widgets:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
  *     int sum = widgets.stream()
@@ -62,78 +61,13 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
  *                      .sum();
  * }</pre>
  *
- * In this example, {@code widgets} is a {@code Collection<Widget>}.  We create
- * a stream of {@code Widget} objects via {@link Collection#stream Collection.stream()},
- * filter it to produce a stream containing only the red widgets, and then
- * transform it into a stream of {@code int} values representing the weight of
- * each red widget. Then this stream is summed to produce a total weight.
- *
- * <p>To perform a computation, stream
- * <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">operations</a> are composed into a
- * <em>stream pipeline</em>.  A stream pipeline consists of a source (which
- * might be an array, a collection, a generator function, an IO channel,
- * etc), zero or more <em>intermediate operations</em> (which transform a
- * stream into another stream, such as {@link IntStream#filter(IntPredicate)}), and a
- * <em>terminal operation</em> (which produces a result or side-effect, such
- * as {@link IntStream#sum()} or {@link IntStream#forEach(IntConsumer)}).
- * Streams are lazy; computation on the source data is only performed when the
- * terminal operation is initiated, and source elements are consumed only
- * as needed.
- *
- * <p>Collections and streams, while bearing some superficial similarities,
- * have different goals.  Collections are primarily concerned with the efficient
- * management of, and access to, their elements.  By contrast, streams do not
- * provide a means to directly access or manipulate their elements, and are
- * instead concerned with declaratively describing their source and the
- * computational operations which will be performed in aggregate on that source.
- * However, if the provided stream operations do not offer the desired
- * functionality, the {@link #iterator()} and {@link #spliterator()} operations
- * can be used to perform a controlled traversal.
- *
- * <p>A stream pipeline, like the "widgets" example above, can be viewed as
- * a <em>query</em> on the stream source.  Unless the source was explicitly
- * designed for concurrent modification (such as a {@link ConcurrentHashMap}),
- * unpredictable or erroneous behavior may result from modifying the stream
- * source while it is being queried.
- *
- * <p>Most stream operations accept parameters that describe user-specified
- * behavior, such as the lambda expression {@code w -> w.getWeight()} passed to
- * {@code mapToInt} in the example above.  Such parameters are always instances
- * of a <a href="../function/package-summary.html">functional interface</a> such
- * as {@link java.util.function.Function}, and are often lambda expressions or
- * method references.  These parameters can never be null, should not modify the
- * stream source, and should be
- * <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">effectively stateless</a>
- * (their result should not depend on any state that might change during
- * execution of the stream pipeline.)
- *
- * <p>A stream should be operated on (invoking an intermediate or terminal stream
- * operation) only once.  This rules out, for example, "forked" streams, where
- * the same source feeds two or more pipelines, or multiple traversals of the
- * same stream.  A stream implementation may throw {@link IllegalStateException}
- * if it detects that the stream is being reused. However, since some stream
- * operations may return their receiver rather than a new stream object, it may
- * not be possible to detect reuse in all cases.
- *
- * <p>Streams have a {@link #close()} method and implement {@link AutoCloseable},
- * but nearly all stream instances do not actually need to be closed after use.
- * Generally, only streams whose source is an IO channel (such as those returned
- * by {@link Files#lines(Path, Charset)}) will require closing.  Most streams
- * are backed by collections, arrays, or generating functions, which require no
- * special resource management.  (If a stream does require closing, it can be
- * declared as a resource in a {@code try}-with-resources statement.)
- *
- * <p>Stream pipelines may execute either sequentially or in
- * <a href="package-summary.html#Parallelism">parallel</a>.  This
- * execution mode is a property of the stream.  Streams are created
- * with an initial choice of sequential or parallel execution.  (For example,
- * {@link Collection#stream() Collection.stream()} creates a sequential stream,
- * and {@link Collection#parallelStream() Collection.parallelStream()} creates
- * a parallel one.)  This choice of execution mode may be modified by the
- * {@link #sequential()} or {@link #parallel()} methods, and may be queried with
- * the {@link #isParallel()} method.
+ * See the class documentation for {@link Stream} and the package documentation
+ * for <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a> for additional
+ * specification of streams, stream operations, stream pipelines, and
+ * parallelism.
  *
  * @since 1.8
+ * @see Stream
  * @see <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a>
  */
 public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
@@ -145,9 +79,10 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *                  non-interfering, stateless</a> predicate to apply to
-     *                  each element to determine if it should be included
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to each element to determine if it
+     *                  should be included
      * @return the new stream
      */
     IntStream filter(IntPredicate predicate);
@@ -159,9 +94,9 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     IntStream map(IntUnaryOperator mapper);
@@ -174,9 +109,9 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      *     intermediate operation</a>.
      *
      * @param <U> the element type of the new stream
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     <U> Stream<U> mapToObj(IntFunction<? extends U> mapper);
@@ -188,9 +123,9 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     LongStream mapToLong(IntToLongFunction mapper);
@@ -202,9 +137,9 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     DoubleStream mapToDouble(IntToDoubleFunction mapper);
@@ -219,10 +154,10 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to
-     *               each element which produces an {@code IntStream} of new
-     *               values
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces an
+     *               {@code IntStream} of new values
      * @return the new stream
      * @see Stream#flatMap(Function)
      */
@@ -421,9 +356,10 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * synchronization and with greatly reduced risk of data races.
      *
      * @param identity the identity value for the accumulating function
-     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see #sum()
      * @see #min()
@@ -460,9 +396,10 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *           stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see #reduce(int, IntBinaryOperator)
      */
@@ -492,14 +429,15 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
      * @param supplier a function that creates a new result container. For a
      *                 parallel execution, this function may be called
      *                 multiple times and must return a fresh value each time.
-     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for incorporating an additional
-     *                    element into a result
-     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                 <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                 stateless</a> function for combining two values, which
-     *                 must be compatible with the accumulator function
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for incorporating an additional element into a result
+     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for combining two values, which must be
+     *                    compatible with the accumulator function
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see Stream#collect(Supplier, BiConsumer, BiConsumer)
      */
@@ -599,48 +537,67 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
     /**
      * Returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided
      * predicate.  May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not
-     * necessary for determining the result.
+     * necessary for determining the result.  If the stream is empty then
+     * {@code false} is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>existential quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for some x P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
      * @return {@code true} if any elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * predicate, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean anyMatch(IntPredicate predicate);
 
     /**
      * Returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if all elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x P(x)).  If the
+     * stream is empty, the quantification is said to be <em>vacuously
+     * satisfied</em> and is always {@code true} (regardless of P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either all elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean allMatch(IntPredicate predicate);
 
     /**
      * Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if no elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * negated predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x ~P(x)).  If
+     * the stream is empty, the quantification is said to be vacuously satisfied
+     * and is always {@code true}, regardless of P(x).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either no elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean noneMatch(IntPredicate predicate);
 
@@ -803,12 +760,12 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a sequential stream where each element is generated by
-     * the provided {@code IntSupplier}.  This is suitable for generating
-     * constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
+     * Returns an infinite sequential unordered stream where each element is
+     * generated by the provided {@code IntSupplier}.  This is suitable for
+     * generating constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
      *
      * @param s the {@code IntSupplier} for generated elements
-     * @return a new sequential {@code IntStream}
+     * @return a new infinite sequential unordered {@code IntStream}
      */
     public static IntStream generate(IntSupplier s) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(s);
@@ -871,11 +828,16 @@ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream<Integer, IntStream> {
     /**
      * Creates a lazily concatenated stream whose elements are all the
      * elements of the first stream followed by all the elements of the
-     * second stream. The resulting stream is ordered if both
+     * second stream.  The resulting stream is ordered if both
      * of the input streams are ordered, and parallel if either of the input
      * streams is parallel.  When the resulting stream is closed, the close
      * handlers for both input streams are invoked.
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * Use caution when constructing streams from repeated concatenation.
+     * Accessing an element of a deeply concatenated stream can result in deep
+     * call chains, or even {@code StackOverflowException}.
+     *
      * @param a the first stream
      * @param b the second stream
      * @return the concatenation of the two input streams

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/LongStream.java

@@ -51,9 +51,13 @@ import java.util.function.ObjLongConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 /**
- * A sequence of elements supporting sequential and parallel aggregate
- * operations.  The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
- * {@link Stream} and {@link LongStream}:
+ * A sequence of primitive long-valued elements supporting sequential and parallel
+ * aggregate operations.  This is the {@code long} primitive specialization of
+ * {@link Stream}.
+ *
+ * <p>The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using
+ * {@link Stream} and {@link LongStream}, computing the sum of the weights of the
+ * red widgets:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
  *     long sum = widgets.stream()
@@ -62,78 +66,13 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
  *                       .sum();
  * }</pre>
  *
- * In this example, {@code widgets} is a {@code Collection<Widget>}.  We create
- * a stream of {@code Widget} objects via {@link Collection#stream Collection.stream()},
- * filter it to produce a stream containing only the red widgets, and then
- * transform it into a stream of {@code long} values representing the weight of
- * each red widget. Then this stream is summed to produce a total weight.
- *
- * <p>To perform a computation, stream
- * <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">operations</a> are composed into a
- * <em>stream pipeline</em>.  A stream pipeline consists of a source (which
- * might be an array, a collection, a generator function, an IO channel,
- * etc), zero or more <em>intermediate operations</em> (which transform a
- * stream into another stream, such as {@link LongStream#filter(LongPredicate)}), and a
- * <em>terminal operation</em> (which produces a result or side-effect, such
- * as {@link LongStream#sum()} or {@link LongStream#forEach(LongConsumer)}).
- * Streams are lazy; computation on the source data is only performed when the
- * terminal operation is initiated, and source elements are consumed only
- * as needed.
- *
- * <p>Collections and streams, while bearing some superficial similarities,
- * have different goals.  Collections are primarily concerned with the efficient
- * management of, and access to, their elements.  By contrast, streams do not
- * provide a means to directly access or manipulate their elements, and are
- * instead concerned with declaratively describing their source and the
- * computational operations which will be performed in aggregate on that source.
- * However, if the provided stream operations do not offer the desired
- * functionality, the {@link #iterator()} and {@link #spliterator()} operations
- * can be used to perform a controlled traversal.
- *
- * <p>A stream pipeline, like the "widgets" example above, can be viewed as
- * a <em>query</em> on the stream source.  Unless the source was explicitly
- * designed for concurrent modification (such as a {@link ConcurrentHashMap}),
- * unpredictable or erroneous behavior may result from modifying the stream
- * source while it is being queried.
- *
- * <p>Most stream operations accept parameters that describe user-specified
- * behavior, such as the lambda expression {@code w -> w.getWeight()} passed to
- * {@code mapToLong} in the example above.  Such parameters are always instances
- * of a <a href="../function/package-summary.html">functional interface</a> such
- * as {@link java.util.function.Function}, and are often lambda expressions or
- * method references.  These parameters can never be null, should not modify the
- * stream source, and should be
- * <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">effectively stateless</a>
- * (their result should not depend on any state that might change during
- * execution of the stream pipeline.)
- *
- * <p>A stream should be operated on (invoking an intermediate or terminal stream
- * operation) only once.  This rules out, for example, "forked" streams, where
- * the same source feeds two or more pipelines, or multiple traversals of the
- * same stream.  A stream implementation may throw {@link IllegalStateException}
- * if it detects that the stream is being reused. However, since some stream
- * operations may return their receiver rather than a new stream object, it may
- * not be possible to detect reuse in all cases.
- *
- * <p>Streams have a {@link #close()} method and implement {@link AutoCloseable},
- * but nearly all stream instances do not actually need to be closed after use.
- * Generally, only streams whose source is an IO channel (such as those returned
- * by {@link Files#lines(Path, Charset)}) will require closing.  Most streams
- * are backed by collections, arrays, or generating functions, which require no
- * special resource management.  (If a stream does require closing, it can be
- * declared as a resource in a {@code try}-with-resources statement.)
- *
- * <p>Stream pipelines may execute either sequentially or in
- * <a href="package-summary.html#Parallelism">parallel</a>.  This
- * execution mode is a property of the stream.  Streams are created
- * with an initial choice of sequential or parallel execution.  (For example,
- * {@link Collection#stream() Collection.stream()} creates a sequential stream,
- * and {@link Collection#parallelStream() Collection.parallelStream()} creates
- * a parallel one.)  This choice of execution mode may be modified by the
- * {@link #sequential()} or {@link #parallel()} methods, and may be queried with
- * the {@link #isParallel()} method.
+ * See the class documentation for {@link Stream} and the package documentation
+ * for <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a> for additional
+ * specification of streams, stream operations, stream pipelines, and
+ * parallelism.
  *
  * @since 1.8
+ * @see Stream
  * @see <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a>
  */
 public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
@@ -145,9 +84,10 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *                  non-interfering, stateless</a> predicate to apply to
-     *                  each element to determine if it should be included
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to each element to determine if it
+     *                  should be included
      * @return the new stream
      */
     LongStream filter(LongPredicate predicate);
@@ -159,9 +99,9 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     LongStream map(LongUnaryOperator mapper);
@@ -174,9 +114,9 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      *     intermediate operation</a>.
      *
      * @param <U> the element type of the new stream
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     <U> Stream<U> mapToObj(LongFunction<? extends U> mapper);
@@ -188,9 +128,9 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     IntStream mapToInt(LongToIntFunction mapper);
@@ -202,9 +142,9 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     DoubleStream mapToDouble(LongToDoubleFunction mapper);
@@ -219,10 +159,10 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to
-     *               each element which produces an {@code LongStream} of new
-     *               values
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces a
+     *               {@code LongStream} of new values
      * @return the new stream
      * @see Stream#flatMap(Function)
      */
@@ -421,9 +361,10 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * synchronization and with greatly reduced risk of data races.
      *
      * @param identity the identity value for the accumulating function
-     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see #sum()
      * @see #min()
@@ -460,9 +401,10 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *           stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param op an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *           <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *           function for combining two values
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see #reduce(long, LongBinaryOperator)
      */
@@ -492,14 +434,15 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
      * @param supplier a function that creates a new result container. For a
      *                 parallel execution, this function may be called
      *                 multiple times and must return a fresh value each time.
-     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for incorporating an additional
-     *                    element into a result
-     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                 <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                 stateless</a> function for combining two values, which
-     *                 must be compatible with the accumulator function
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for incorporating an additional element into a result
+     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for combining two values, which must be
+     *                    compatible with the accumulator function
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see Stream#collect(Supplier, BiConsumer, BiConsumer)
      */
@@ -599,48 +542,67 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
     /**
      * Returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided
      * predicate.  May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not
-     * necessary for determining the result.
+     * necessary for determining the result.  If the stream is empty then
+     * {@code false} is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>existential quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for some x P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
      * @return {@code true} if any elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * predicate, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean anyMatch(LongPredicate predicate);
 
     /**
      * Returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if all elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x P(x)).  If the
+     * stream is empty, the quantification is said to be <em>vacuously
+     * satisfied</em> and is always {@code true} (regardless of P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either all elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean allMatch(LongPredicate predicate);
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided  predicate.
+     * Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if no elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * negated predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x ~P(x)).  If
+     * the stream is empty, the quantification is said to be vacuously satisfied
+     * and is always {@code true}, regardless of P(x).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either no elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean noneMatch(LongPredicate predicate);
 
@@ -791,12 +753,12 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a sequential stream where each element is generated by
-     * the provided {@code LongSupplier}.  This is suitable for generating
-     * constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
+     * Returns an infinite sequential unordered stream where each element is
+     * generated by the provided {@code LongSupplier}.  This is suitable for
+     * generating constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
      *
      * @param s the {@code LongSupplier} for generated elements
-     * @return a new sequential {@code LongStream}
+     * @return a new infinite sequential unordered {@code LongStream}
      */
     public static LongStream generate(LongSupplier s) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(s);
@@ -874,11 +836,16 @@ public interface LongStream extends BaseStream<Long, LongStream> {
     /**
      * Creates a lazily concatenated stream whose elements are all the
      * elements of the first stream followed by all the elements of the
-     * second stream. The resulting stream is ordered if both
+     * second stream.  The resulting stream is ordered if both
      * of the input streams are ordered, and parallel if either of the input
      * streams is parallel.  When the resulting stream is closed, the close
      * handlers for both input streams are invoked.
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * Use caution when constructing streams from repeated concatenation.
+     * Accessing an element of a deeply concatenated stream can result in deep
+     * call chains, or even {@code StackOverflowException}.
+     *
      * @param a the first stream
      * @param b the second stream
      * @return the concatenation of the two input streams

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/Node.java

@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ interface Node<T> {
          * @param action a consumer that is to be invoked with each
          *        element in this {@code Node.OfPrimitive}
          */
+        @SuppressWarnings("overloads")
         void forEach(T_CONS action);
 
         @Override

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/SpinedBuffer.java

@@ -579,6 +579,7 @@ class SpinedBuffer<E>
             spineIndex = 0;
         }
 
+        @SuppressWarnings("overloads")
         public void forEach(T_CONS consumer) {
             // completed chunks, if any
             for (int j = 0; j < spineIndex; j++)

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/Stream.java

@@ -67,6 +67,11 @@ import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
  * transform it into a stream of {@code int} values representing the weight of
  * each red widget. Then this stream is summed to produce a total weight.
  *
+ * <p>In addition to {@code Stream}, which is a stream of object references,
+ * there are primitive specializations for {@link IntStream}, {@link LongStream},
+ * and {@link DoubleStream}, all of which are referred to as "streams" and
+ * conform to the characteristics and restrictions described here.
+ *
  * <p>To perform a computation, stream
  * <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">operations</a> are composed into a
  * <em>stream pipeline</em>.  A stream pipeline consists of a source (which
@@ -97,14 +102,21 @@ import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
  *
  * <p>Most stream operations accept parameters that describe user-specified
  * behavior, such as the lambda expression {@code w -> w.getWeight()} passed to
- * {@code mapToInt} in the example above.  Such parameters are always instances
- * of a <a href="../function/package-summary.html">functional interface</a> such
+ * {@code mapToInt} in the example above.  To preserve correct behavior,
+ * these <em>behavioral parameters</em>:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>must be <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>
+ * (they do not modify the stream source); and</li>
+ * <li>in most cases must be <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+ * (their result should not depend on any state that might change during execution
+ * of the stream pipeline).</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>Such parameters are always instances of a
+ * <a href="../function/package-summary.html">functional interface</a> such
  * as {@link java.util.function.Function}, and are often lambda expressions or
- * method references.  These parameters can never be null, should not modify the
- * stream source, and should be
- * <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">effectively stateless</a>
- * (their result should not depend on any state that might change during
- * execution of the stream pipeline.)
+ * method references.  Unless otherwise specified these parameters must be
+ * <em>non-null</em>.
  *
  * <p>A stream should be operated on (invoking an intermediate or terminal stream
  * operation) only once.  This rules out, for example, "forked" streams, where
@@ -134,6 +146,9 @@ import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
  *
  * @param <T> the type of the stream elements
  * @since 1.8
+ * @see IntStream
+ * @see LongStream
+ * @see DoubleStream
  * @see <a href="package-summary.html">java.util.stream</a>
  */
 public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
@@ -145,9 +160,10 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *                  non-interfering, stateless</a> predicate to apply to
-     *                  each element to determine if it should be included
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to each element to determine if it
+     *                  should be included
      * @return the new stream
      */
     Stream<T> filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate);
@@ -160,9 +176,9 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * operation</a>.
      *
      * @param <R> The element type of the new stream
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     <R> Stream<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper);
@@ -174,9 +190,9 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">
      *     intermediate operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     IntStream mapToInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> mapper);
@@ -188,9 +204,9 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     LongStream mapToLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> mapper);
@@ -202,9 +218,9 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element
      * @return the new stream
      */
     DoubleStream mapToDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> mapper);
@@ -221,19 +237,33 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      *
      * @apiNote
      * The {@code flatMap()} operation has the effect of applying a one-to-many
-     * tranformation to the elements of the stream, and then flattening the
-     * resulting elements into a new stream. For example, if {@code orders}
-     * is a stream of purchase orders, and each purchase order contains a
-     * collection of line items, then the following produces a stream of line
-     * items:
+     * transformation to the elements of the stream, and then flattening the
+     * resulting elements into a new stream.
+     *
+     * <p><b>Examples.</b>
+     *
+     * <p>If {@code orders} is a stream of purchase orders, and each purchase
+     * order contains a collection of line items, then the following produces a
+     * stream containing all the line items in all the orders:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     *     orders.flatMap(order -> order.getLineItems().stream())...
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * <p>If {@code path} is the path to a file, then the following produces a
+     * stream of the {@code words} contained in that file:
      * <pre>{@code
-     *     orderStream.flatMap(order -> order.getLineItems().stream())...
+     *     Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+     *     Stream<String> words = lines.flatMap(line -> Stream.of(line.split(" +")));
      * }</pre>
+     * The {@code mapper} function passed to {@code flatMap} splits a line,
+     * using a simple regular expression, into an array of words, and then
+     * creates a stream of words from that array.
      *
      * @param <R> The element type of the new stream
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element which produces a stream of new values
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces a stream
+     *               of new values
      * @return the new stream
      */
     <R> Stream<R> flatMap(Function<? super T, ? extends Stream<? extends R>> mapper);
@@ -248,10 +278,12 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element which produces a stream of new values
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces a stream
+     *               of new values
      * @return the new stream
+     * @see #flatMap(Function)
      */
     IntStream flatMapToInt(Function<? super T, ? extends IntStream> mapper);
 
@@ -265,10 +297,12 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to
-     *               each element which produces a stream of new values
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces a stream
+     *               of new values
      * @return the new stream
+     * @see #flatMap(Function)
      */
     LongStream flatMapToLong(Function<? super T, ? extends LongStream> mapper);
 
@@ -282,10 +316,12 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *               non-interfering, stateless</a> function to apply to each
-     *               element which produces a stream of new values
+     * @param mapper a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *               <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *               function to apply to each element which produces a stream
+     *               of new values
      * @return the new stream
+     * @see #flatMap(Function)
      */
     DoubleStream flatMapToDouble(Function<? super T, ? extends DoubleStream> mapper);
 
@@ -293,9 +329,27 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * Returns a stream consisting of the distinct elements (according to
      * {@link Object#equals(Object)}) of this stream.
      *
+     * <p>For ordered streams, the selection of distinct elements is stable
+     * (for duplicated elements, the element appearing first in the encounter
+     * order is preserved.)  For unordered streams, no stability guarantees
+     * are made.
+     *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">stateful
      * intermediate operation</a>.
      *
+     * @apiNote
+     * Preserving stability for {@code distinct()} in parallel pipelines is
+     * relatively expensive (requires that the operation act as a full barrier,
+     * with substantial buffering overhead), and stability is often not needed.
+     * Using an unordered stream source (such as {@link #generate(Supplier)})
+     * or removing the ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result
+     * in significantly more efficient execution for {@code distinct()} in parallel
+     * pipelines, if the semantics of your situation permit.  If consistency
+     * with encounter order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance
+     * or memory utilization with {@code distinct()} in parallel pipelines,
+     * switching to sequential execution with {@link #sequential()} may improve
+     * performance.
+     *
      * @return the new stream
      */
     Stream<T> distinct();
@@ -306,6 +360,9 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * {@code Comparable}, a {@code java.lang.ClassCastException} may be thrown
      * when the terminal operation is executed.
      *
+     * <p>For ordered streams, the sort is stable.  For unordered streams, no
+     * stability guarantees are made.
+     *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">stateful
      * intermediate operation</a>.
      *
@@ -317,12 +374,15 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, sorted
      * according to the provided {@code Comparator}.
      *
+     * <p>For ordered streams, the sort is stable.  For unordered streams, no
+     * stability guarantees are made.
+     *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">stateful
      * intermediate operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param comparator a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
-     *                   non-interfering, stateless</a> {@code Comparator} to
-     *                   be used to compare stream elements
+     * @param comparator a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                   <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                   {@code Comparator} to be used to compare stream elements
      * @return the new stream
      */
     Stream<T> sorted(Comparator<? super T> comparator);
@@ -420,7 +480,8 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * <p>For parallel stream pipelines, this operation does <em>not</em>
+     * <p>The behavior of this operation is explicitly nondeterministic.
+     * For parallel stream pipelines, this operation does <em>not</em>
      * guarantee to respect the encounter order of the stream, as doing so
      * would sacrifice the benefit of parallelism.  For any given element, the
      * action may be performed at whatever time and in whatever thread the
@@ -433,13 +494,18 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
     void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action);
 
     /**
-     * Performs an action for each element of this stream, guaranteeing that
-     * each element is processed in encounter order for streams that have a
-     * defined encounter order.
+     * Performs an action for each element of this stream, in the encounter
+     * order of the stream if the stream has a defined encounter order.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
+     * <p>This operation processes the elements one at a time, in encounter
+     * order if one exists.  Performing the action for one element
+     * <a href="../concurrent/package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happens-before</i></a>
+     * performing the action for subsequent elements, but for any given element,
+     * the action may be performed in whatever thread the library chooses.
+     *
      * @param action a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">
      *               non-interfering</a> action to perform on the elements
      * @see #forEach(Consumer)
@@ -528,9 +594,10 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * synchronization and with greatly reduced risk of data races.
      *
      * @param identity the identity value for the accumulating function
-     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for combining two values
      * @return the result of the reduction
      */
     T reduce(T identity, BinaryOperator<T> accumulator);
@@ -563,14 +630,15 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for combining two values
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for combining two values
      * @return an {@link Optional} describing the result of the reduction
      * @throws NullPointerException if the result of the reduction is null
      * @see #reduce(Object, BinaryOperator)
-     * @see #min(java.util.Comparator)
-     * @see #max(java.util.Comparator)
+     * @see #min(Comparator)
+     * @see #max(Comparator)
      */
     Optional<T> reduce(BinaryOperator<T> accumulator);
 
@@ -608,14 +676,15 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      *
      * @param <U> The type of the result
      * @param identity the identity value for the combiner function
-     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for incorporating an additional
-     *                    element into a result
-     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                 <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                 stateless</a> function for combining two values, which
-     *                 must be compatible with the accumulator function
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for incorporating an additional element into a result
+     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for combining two values, which must be
+     *                    compatible with the accumulator function
      * @return the result of the reduction
      * @see #reduce(BinaryOperator)
      * @see #reduce(Object, BinaryOperator)
@@ -664,14 +733,15 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * @param supplier a function that creates a new result container. For a
      *                 parallel execution, this function may be called
      *                 multiple times and must return a fresh value each time.
-     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                    stateless</a> function for incorporating an additional
-     *                    element into a result
-     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>
-     *                 <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                 stateless</a> function for combining two values, which
-     *                 must be compatible with the accumulator function
+     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for incorporating an additional element into a result
+     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                    function for combining two values, which must be
+     *                    compatible with the accumulator function
      * @return the result of the reduction
      */
     <R> R collect(Supplier<R> supplier,
@@ -687,6 +757,13 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * collection strategies and composition of collect operations such as
      * multiple-level grouping or partitioning.
      *
+     * <p>If the stream is parallel, and the {@code Collector}
+     * is {@link Collector.Characteristics#CONCURRENT concurrent}, and
+     * either the stream is unordered or the collector is
+     * {@link Collector.Characteristics#UNORDERED unordered},
+     * then a concurrent reduction will be performed (see {@link Collector} for
+     * details on concurrent reduction.)
+     *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
@@ -732,9 +809,9 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param comparator a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                   stateless</a> {@code Comparator} to use to compare
-     *                   elements of this stream
+     * @param comparator a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                   <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                   {@code Comparator} to compare elements of this stream
      * @return an {@code Optional} describing the minimum element of this stream,
      * or an empty {@code Optional} if the stream is empty
      * @throws NullPointerException if the minimum element is null
@@ -749,9 +826,9 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal
      * operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param comparator a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                   stateless</a> {@code Comparator} to use to compare
-     *                   elements of this stream
+     * @param comparator a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                   <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                   {@code Comparator} to compare elements of this stream
      * @return an {@code Optional} describing the maximum element of this stream,
      * or an empty {@code Optional} if the stream is empty
      * @throws NullPointerException if the maximum element is null
@@ -775,48 +852,67 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
     /**
      * Returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided
      * predicate.  May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not
-     * necessary for determining the result.
+     * necessary for determining the result.  If the stream is empty then
+     * {@code false} is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>existential quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for some x P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
      * @return {@code true} if any elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * predicate, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean anyMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate);
 
     /**
      * Returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if all elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x P(x)).  If the
+     * stream is empty, the quantification is said to be <em>vacuously
+     * satisfied</em> and is always {@code true} (regardless of P(x)).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either all elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean allMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate);
 
     /**
      * Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
      * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for
-     * determining the result.
+     * determining the result.  If the stream is empty then {@code true} is
+     * returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
      *
      * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
      * terminal operation</a>.
      *
-     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering,
-     *                  stateless</a> predicate to apply to elements of this
-     *                  stream
-     * @return {@code true} if no elements of the stream match the provided
-     * predicate otherwise {@code false}
+     * @apiNote
+     * This method evaluates the <em>universal quantification</em> of the
+     * negated predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x ~P(x)).  If
+     * the stream is empty, the quantification is said to be vacuously satisfied
+     * and is always {@code true}, regardless of P(x).
+     *
+     * @param predicate a <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
+     *                  <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
+     *                  predicate to apply to elements of this stream
+     * @return {@code true} if either no elements of the stream match the
+     * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false}
      */
     boolean noneMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate);
 
@@ -939,13 +1035,13 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a sequential stream where each element is generated by
-     * the provided {@code Supplier}.  This is suitable for generating
-     * constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
+     * Returns an infinite sequential unordered stream where each element is
+     * generated by the provided {@code Supplier}.  This is suitable for
+     * generating constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.
      *
      * @param <T> the type of stream elements
      * @param s the {@code Supplier} of generated elements
-     * @return a new sequential {@code Stream}
+     * @return a new infinite sequential unordered {@code Stream}
      */
     public static<T> Stream<T> generate(Supplier<T> s) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(s);
@@ -956,11 +1052,16 @@ public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
     /**
      * Creates a lazily concatenated stream whose elements are all the
      * elements of the first stream followed by all the elements of the
-     * second stream. The resulting stream is ordered if both
+     * second stream.  The resulting stream is ordered if both
      * of the input streams are ordered, and parallel if either of the input
      * streams is parallel.  When the resulting stream is closed, the close
      * handlers for both input streams are invoked.
      *
+     * @implNote
+     * Use caution when constructing streams from repeated concatenation.
+     * Accessing an element of a deeply concatenated stream can result in deep
+     * call chains, or even {@code StackOverflowException}.
+     *
      * @param <T> The type of stream elements
      * @param a the first stream
      * @param b the second stream

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/StreamSupport.java

@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ public final class StreamSupport {
      * @param supplier a {@code Supplier} of a {@code Spliterator}
      * @param characteristics Spliterator characteristics of the supplied
      *        {@code Spliterator}.  The characteristics must be equal to
-     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}.
+     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}, otherwise undefined
+     *        behavior may occur when terminal operation commences.
      * @param parallel if {@code true} then the returned stream is a parallel
      *        stream; if {@code false} the returned stream is a sequential
      *        stream.
@@ -163,7 +164,8 @@ public final class StreamSupport {
      * @param supplier a {@code Supplier} of a {@code Spliterator.OfInt}
      * @param characteristics Spliterator characteristics of the supplied
      *        {@code Spliterator.OfInt}.  The characteristics must be equal to
-     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}
+     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}, otherwise undefined
+     *        behavior may occur when terminal operation commences.
      * @param parallel if {@code true} then the returned stream is a parallel
      *        stream; if {@code false} the returned stream is a sequential
      *        stream.
@@ -230,7 +232,8 @@ public final class StreamSupport {
      * @param supplier a {@code Supplier} of a {@code Spliterator.OfLong}
      * @param characteristics Spliterator characteristics of the supplied
      *        {@code Spliterator.OfLong}.  The characteristics must be equal to
-     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}
+     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}, otherwise undefined
+     *        behavior may occur when terminal operation commences.
      * @param parallel if {@code true} then the returned stream is a parallel
      *        stream; if {@code false} the returned stream is a sequential
      *        stream.
@@ -297,7 +300,8 @@ public final class StreamSupport {
      * @param supplier A {@code Supplier} of a {@code Spliterator.OfDouble}
      * @param characteristics Spliterator characteristics of the supplied
      *        {@code Spliterator.OfDouble}.  The characteristics must be equal to
-     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}
+     *        {@code supplier.get().characteristics()}, otherwise undefined
+     *        behavior may occur when terminal operation commences.
      * @param parallel if {@code true} then the returned stream is a parallel
      *        stream; if {@code false} the returned stream is a sequential
      *        stream.

src/share/classes/java/util/stream/package-info.java

@@ -219,31 +219,18 @@
  * <em>not modified at all</em> during the execution of the stream pipeline.
  * The notable exception to this are streams whose sources are concurrent
  * collections, which are specifically designed to handle concurrent modification.
+ * Concurrent stream sources are those whose {@code Spliterator} reports the
+ * {@code CONCURRENT} characteristic.
  *
- * <p>Accordingly, behavioral parameters passed to stream methods should never
- * modify the stream's data source.  An implementation is said to
- * <em>interfere</em> with the data source if it modifies, or causes to be
+ * <p>Accordingly, behavioral parameters in stream pipelines whose source might
+ * not be concurrent should never modify the stream's data source.
+ * A behavioral parameter is said to <em>interfere</em> with a non-concurrent
+ * data source if it modifies, or causes to be
  * modified, the stream's data source.  The need for non-interference applies
  * to all pipelines, not just parallel ones.  Unless the stream source is
  * concurrent, modifying a stream's data source during execution of a stream
  * pipeline can cause exceptions, incorrect answers, or nonconformant behavior.
  *
- * <p>Results may be nondeterministic or incorrect if the behavioral
- * parameters of stream operations are <em>stateful</em>.  A stateful lambda
- * (or other object implementing the appropriate functional interface) is one
- * whose result depends on any state which might change during the execution
- * of the stream pipeline.  An example of a stateful lambda is:
- *
- * <pre>{@code
- *     Set<Integer> seen = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
- *     stream.parallel().map(e -> { if (seen.add(e)) return 0; else return e; })...
- * }</pre>
- *
- * Here, if the mapping operation is performed in parallel, the results for the
- * same input could vary from run to run, due to thread scheduling differences,
- * whereas, with a stateless lambda expression the results would always be the
- * same.
- *
  * For well-behaved stream sources, the source can be modified before the
  * terminal operation commences and those modifications will be reflected in
  * the covered elements.  For example, consider the following code:
@@ -265,26 +252,54 @@
  * <a href="package-summary.html#StreamSources">Low-level stream
  * construction</a> for requirements for building well-behaved streams.
  *
- * <p>Some streams, particularly those whose stream sources are concurrent, can
- * tolerate concurrent modification during execution of a stream pipeline.
- * However, in no case -- even if the stream source is concurrent -- should
- * behavioral parameters to stream operations modify the stream source.  Modifying
- * the stream source from within the stream source may cause pipeline execution
- * to fail to terminate, produce inaccurate results, or throw exceptions.
- * The following example shows inappropriate interference with the source:
+ * <h3><a name="Statelessness">Stateless behaviors</a></h3>
+ *
+ * Stream pipeline results may be nondeterministic or incorrect if the behavioral
+ * parameters to the stream operations are <em>stateful</em>.  A stateful lambda
+ * (or other object implementing the appropriate functional interface) is one
+ * whose result depends on any state which might change during the execution
+ * of the stream pipeline.  An example of a stateful lambda is the parameter
+ * to {@code map()} in:
+ *
  * <pre>{@code
- *     // Don't do this!
- *     List<String> l = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList("one", "two"));
- *     Stream<String> sl = l.stream();
- *     String s = sl.peek(s -> l.add("BAD LAMBDA")).collect(joining(" "));
+ *     Set<Integer> seen = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
+ *     stream.parallel().map(e -> { if (seen.add(e)) return 0; else return e; })...
  * }</pre>
  *
+ * Here, if the mapping operation is performed in parallel, the results for the
+ * same input could vary from run to run, due to thread scheduling differences,
+ * whereas, with a stateless lambda expression the results would always be the
+ * same.
+ *
+ * <p>Note also that attempting to access mutable state from behavioral parameters
+ * presents you with a bad choice with respect to safety and performance; if
+ * you do not synchronize access to that state, you have a data race and
+ * therefore your code is broken, but if you do synchronize access to that
+ * state, you risk having contention undermine the parallelism you are seeking
+ * to benefit from.  The best approach is to avoid stateful behavioral
+ * parameters to stream operations entirely; there is usually a way to
+ * restructure the stream pipeline to avoid statefulness.
+ *
  * <h3>Side-effects</h3>
  *
  * Side-effects in behavioral parameters to stream operations are, in general,
  * discouraged, as they can often lead to unwitting violations of the
- * statelessness requirement, as well as other thread-safety hazards.  Many
- * computations where one might be tempted to use side effects can be more
+ * statelessness requirement, as well as other thread-safety hazards.
+ *
+ * <p>If the behavioral parameters do have side-effects, unless explicitly
+ * stated, there are no guarantees as to the
+ * <a href="../concurrent/package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>visibility</i></a>
+ * of those side-effects to other threads, nor are there any guarantees that
+ * different operations on the "same" element within the same stream pipeline
+ * are executed in the same thread.  Further, the ordering of those effects
+ * may be surprising.  Even when a pipeline is constrained to produce a
+ * <em>result</em> that is consistent with the encounter order of the stream
+ * source (for example, {@code IntStream.range(0,5).parallel().map(x -> x*2).toArray()}
+ * must produce {@code [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]}), no guarantees are made as to the order
+ * in which the mapper function is applied to individual elements, or in what
+ * thread any behavioral parameter is executed for a given element.
+ *
+ * <p>Many computations where one might be tempted to use side effects can be more
  * safely and efficiently expressed without side-effects, such as using
  * <a href="package-summary.html#Reduction">reduction</a> instead of mutable
  * accumulators. However, side-effects such as using {@code println()} for debugging