Merge

src/share/classes/java/io/InputStream.java

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public abstract class InputStream implements Closeable {
      *
      * @param      b   the buffer into which the data is read.
      * @return     the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
-     *             <code>-1</code> is there is no more data because the end of
+     *             <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
      *             the stream has been reached.
      * @exception  IOException  If the first byte cannot be read for any reason
      * other than the end of the file, if the input stream has been closed, or

src/share/classes/java/lang/Enum.java

 /*
- * Copyright 2003-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright 2003-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
 /**
  * This is the common base class of all Java language enumeration types.
  *
+ * More information about enums, including implicit methods synthesised
+ * by the compiler, can be found in <i>The Java&trade; Language
+ * Specification, Third Edition</i>, <a
+ * href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/classes.html#8.9">&sect;8.9</a>.
+ *
  * @author  Josh Bloch
  * @author  Neal Gafter
  * @see     Class#getEnumConstants()
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@ public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>>
         if (name == null)
             throw new NullPointerException("Name is null");
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-            "No enum const " + enumType +"." + name);
+            "No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
     }
 
     /**

src/share/classes/java/lang/Object.java

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 package java.lang;
 
 /**
- * Class <code>Object</code> is the root of the class hierarchy.
- * Every class has <code>Object</code> as a superclass. All objects,
+ * Class {@code Object} is the root of the class hierarchy.
+ * Every class has {@code Object} as a superclass. All objects,
  * including arrays, implement the methods of this class.
  *
  * @author  unascribed
@@ -66,30 +66,30 @@ public class Object {
 
     /**
      * Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is
-     * supported for the benefit of hashtables such as those provided by
-     * <code>java.util.Hashtable</code>.
+     * supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap}.
      * <p>
-     * The general contract of <code>hashCode</code> is:
+     * The general contract of {@code hashCode} is:
      * <ul>
      * <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
-     *     an execution of a Java application, the <tt>hashCode</tt> method
+     *     an execution of a Java application, the {@code hashCode} method
      *     must consistently return the same integer, provided no information
-     *     used in <tt>equals</tt> comparisons on the object is modified.
+     *     used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified.
      *     This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
      *     application to another execution of the same application.
-     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the <tt>equals(Object)</tt>
-     *     method, then calling the <code>hashCode</code> method on each of
+     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
+     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of
      *     the two objects must produce the same integer result.
      * <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal
      *     according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)}
-     *     method, then calling the <tt>hashCode</tt> method on each of the
+     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of the
      *     two objects must produce distinct integer results.  However, the
      *     programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results
-     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hashtables.
+     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
      * </ul>
      * <p>
      * As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by
-     * class <tt>Object</tt> does return distinct integers for distinct
+     * class {@code Object} does return distinct integers for distinct
      * objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal
      * address of the object into an integer, but this implementation
      * technique is not required by the
@@ -97,55 +97,55 @@ public class Object {
      *
      * @return  a hash code value for this object.
      * @see     java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
-     * @see     java.util.Hashtable
+     * @see     java.lang.System#identityHashCode
      */
     public native int hashCode();
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
      * <p>
-     * The <code>equals</code> method implements an equivalence relation
+     * The {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation
      * on non-null object references:
      * <ul>
      * <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
-     *     <code>x</code>, <code>x.equals(x)</code> should return
-     *     <code>true</code>.
+     *     {@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return
+     *     {@code true}.
      * <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
-     *     <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, <code>x.equals(y)</code>
-     *     should return <code>true</code> if and only if
-     *     <code>y.equals(x)</code> returns <code>true</code>.
+     *     {@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)}
+     *     should return {@code true} if and only if
+     *     {@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}.
      * <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
-     *     <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>, if
-     *     <code>x.equals(y)</code> returns <code>true</code> and
-     *     <code>y.equals(z)</code> returns <code>true</code>, then
-     *     <code>x.equals(z)</code> should return <code>true</code>.
+     *     {@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if
+     *     {@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and
+     *     {@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then
+     *     {@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}.
      * <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
-     *     <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, multiple invocations of
-     *     <tt>x.equals(y)</tt> consistently return <code>true</code>
-     *     or consistently return <code>false</code>, provided no
-     *     information used in <code>equals</code> comparisons on the
+     *     {@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of
+     *     {@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true}
+     *     or consistently return {@code false}, provided no
+     *     information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the
      *     objects is modified.
-     * <li>For any non-null reference value <code>x</code>,
-     *     <code>x.equals(null)</code> should return <code>false</code>.
+     * <li>For any non-null reference value {@code x},
+     *     {@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}.
      * </ul>
      * <p>
-     * The <tt>equals</tt> method for class <code>Object</code> implements
+     * The {@code equals} method for class {@code Object} implements
      * the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects;
-     * that is, for any non-null reference values <code>x</code> and
-     * <code>y</code>, this method returns <code>true</code> if and only
-     * if <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> refer to the same object
-     * (<code>x == y</code> has the value <code>true</code>).
+     * that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and
+     * {@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only
+     * if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object
+     * ({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}).
      * <p>
-     * Note that it is generally necessary to override the <tt>hashCode</tt>
+     * Note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashCode}
      * method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
-     * general contract for the <tt>hashCode</tt> method, which states
+     * general contract for the {@code hashCode} method, which states
      * that equal objects must have equal hash codes.
      *
      * @param   obj   the reference object with which to compare.
-     * @return  <code>true</code> if this object is the same as the obj
-     *          argument; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @return  {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
+     *          argument; {@code false} otherwise.
      * @see     #hashCode()
-     * @see     java.util.Hashtable
+     * @see     java.util.HashMap
      */
     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
         return (this == obj);
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public class Object {
     /**
      * Creates and returns a copy of this object.  The precise meaning
      * of "copy" may depend on the class of the object. The general
-     * intent is that, for any object <tt>x</tt>, the expression:
+     * intent is that, for any object {@code x}, the expression:
      * <blockquote>
      * <pre>
      * x.clone() != x</pre></blockquote>
@@ -162,49 +162,49 @@ public class Object {
      * <blockquote>
      * <pre>
      * x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</pre></blockquote>
-     * will be <tt>true</tt>, but these are not absolute requirements.
+     * will be {@code true}, but these are not absolute requirements.
      * While it is typically the case that:
      * <blockquote>
      * <pre>
      * x.clone().equals(x)</pre></blockquote>
-     * will be <tt>true</tt>, this is not an absolute requirement.
+     * will be {@code true}, this is not an absolute requirement.
      * <p>
      * By convention, the returned object should be obtained by calling
-     * <tt>super.clone</tt>.  If a class and all of its superclasses (except
-     * <tt>Object</tt>) obey this convention, it will be the case that
-     * <tt>x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</tt>.
+     * {@code super.clone}.  If a class and all of its superclasses (except
+     * {@code Object}) obey this convention, it will be the case that
+     * {@code x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()}.
      * <p>
      * By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent
      * of this object (which is being cloned).  To achieve this independence,
      * it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned
-     * by <tt>super.clone</tt> before returning it.  Typically, this means
+     * by {@code super.clone} before returning it.  Typically, this means
      * copying any mutable objects that comprise the internal "deep structure"
      * of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these
      * objects with references to the copies.  If a class contains only
      * primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually
-     * the case that no fields in the object returned by <tt>super.clone</tt>
+     * the case that no fields in the object returned by {@code super.clone}
      * need to be modified.
      * <p>
-     * The method <tt>clone</tt> for class <tt>Object</tt> performs a
+     * The method {@code clone} for class {@code Object} performs a
      * specific cloning operation. First, if the class of this object does
-     * not implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>, then a
-     * <tt>CloneNotSupportedException</tt> is thrown. Note that all arrays
-     * are considered to implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>.
+     * not implement the interface {@code Cloneable}, then a
+     * {@code CloneNotSupportedException} is thrown. Note that all arrays
+     * are considered to implement the interface {@code Cloneable}.
      * Otherwise, this method creates a new instance of the class of this
      * object and initializes all its fields with exactly the contents of
      * the corresponding fields of this object, as if by assignment; the
      * contents of the fields are not themselves cloned. Thus, this method
      * performs a "shallow copy" of this object, not a "deep copy" operation.
      * <p>
-     * The class <tt>Object</tt> does not itself implement the interface
-     * <tt>Cloneable</tt>, so calling the <tt>clone</tt> method on an object
-     * whose class is <tt>Object</tt> will result in throwing an
+     * The class {@code Object} does not itself implement the interface
+     * {@code Cloneable}, so calling the {@code clone} method on an object
+     * whose class is {@code Object} will result in throwing an
      * exception at run time.
      *
      * @return     a clone of this instance.
      * @exception  CloneNotSupportedException  if the object's class does not
-     *               support the <code>Cloneable</code> interface. Subclasses
-     *               that override the <code>clone</code> method can also
+     *               support the {@code Cloneable} interface. Subclasses
+     *               that override the {@code clone} method can also
      *               throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot
      *               be cloned.
      * @see java.lang.Cloneable
@@ -213,15 +213,15 @@ public class Object {
 
     /**
      * Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the
-     * <code>toString</code> method returns a string that
+     * {@code toString} method returns a string that
      * "textually represents" this object. The result should
      * be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a
      * person to read.
      * It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
      * <p>
-     * The <code>toString</code> method for class <code>Object</code>
+     * The {@code toString} method for class {@code Object}
      * returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the
-     * object is an instance, the at-sign character `<code>@</code>', and
+     * object is an instance, the at-sign character `{@code @}', and
      * the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the
      * object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the
      * value of:
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ public class Object {
      * monitor. If any threads are waiting on this object, one of them
      * is chosen to be awakened. The choice is arbitrary and occurs at
      * the discretion of the implementation. A thread waits on an object's
-     * monitor by calling one of the <code>wait</code> methods.
+     * monitor by calling one of the {@code wait} methods.
      * <p>
      * The awakened thread will not be able to proceed until the current
      * thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened thread will
@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@ public class Object {
      * object's monitor in one of three ways:
      * <ul>
      * <li>By executing a synchronized instance method of that object.
-     * <li>By executing the body of a <code>synchronized</code> statement
+     * <li>By executing the body of a {@code synchronized} statement
      *     that synchronizes on the object.
-     * <li>For objects of type <code>Class,</code> by executing a
+     * <li>For objects of type {@code Class,} by executing a
      *     synchronized static method of that class.
      * </ul>
      * <p>
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ public class Object {
     /**
      * Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor. A
      * thread waits on an object's monitor by calling one of the
-     * <code>wait</code> methods.
+     * {@code wait} methods.
      * <p>
      * The awakened threads will not be able to proceed until the current
      * thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened threads
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ public class Object {
      * being the next thread to lock this object.
      * <p>
      * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner
-     * of this object's monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a
+     * of this object's monitor. See the {@code notify} method for a
      * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of
      * a monitor.
      *
@@ -308,15 +308,15 @@ public class Object {
      * becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant
      * until one of four things happens:
      * <ul>
-     * <li>Some other thread invokes the <tt>notify</tt> method for this
+     * <li>Some other thread invokes the {@code notify} method for this
      * object and thread <var>T</var> happens to be arbitrarily chosen as
      * the thread to be awakened.
-     * <li>Some other thread invokes the <tt>notifyAll</tt> method for this
+     * <li>Some other thread invokes the {@code notifyAll} method for this
      * object.
      * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt() interrupts}
      * thread <var>T</var>.
      * <li>The specified amount of real time has elapsed, more or less.  If
-     * <tt>timeout</tt> is zero, however, then real time is not taken into
+     * {@code timeout} is zero, however, then real time is not taken into
      * consideration and the thread simply waits until notified.
      * </ul>
      * The thread <var>T</var> is then removed from the wait set for this
@@ -324,11 +324,11 @@ public class Object {
      * usual manner with other threads for the right to synchronize on the
      * object; once it has gained control of the object, all its
      * synchronization claims on the object are restored to the status quo
-     * ante - that is, to the situation as of the time that the <tt>wait</tt>
+     * ante - that is, to the situation as of the time that the {@code wait}
      * method was invoked. Thread <var>T</var> then returns from the
-     * invocation of the <tt>wait</tt> method. Thus, on return from the
-     * <tt>wait</tt> method, the synchronization state of the object and of
-     * thread <tt>T</tt> is exactly as it was when the <tt>wait</tt> method
+     * invocation of the {@code wait} method. Thus, on return from the
+     * {@code wait} method, the synchronization state of the object and of
+     * thread {@code T} is exactly as it was when the {@code wait} method
      * was invoked.
      * <p>
      * A thread can also wake up without being notified, interrupted, or
@@ -351,18 +351,18 @@ public class Object {
      *
      * <p>If the current thread is {@linkplain java.lang.Thread#interrupt()
      * interrupted} by any thread before or while it is waiting, then an
-     * <tt>InterruptedException</tt> is thrown.  This exception is not
+     * {@code InterruptedException} is thrown.  This exception is not
      * thrown until the lock status of this object has been restored as
      * described above.
      *
      * <p>
-     * Note that the <tt>wait</tt> method, as it places the current thread
+     * Note that the {@code wait} method, as it places the current thread
      * into the wait set for this object, unlocks only this object; any
      * other objects on which the current thread may be synchronized remain
      * locked while the thread waits.
      * <p>
      * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner
-     * of this object's monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a
+     * of this object's monitor. See the {@code notify} method for a
      * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of
      * a monitor.
      *
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ public class Object {
      * some other thread interrupts the current thread, or a certain
      * amount of real time has elapsed.
      * <p>
-     * This method is similar to the <code>wait</code> method of one
+     * This method is similar to the {@code wait} method of one
      * argument, but it allows finer control over the amount of time to
      * wait for a notification before giving up. The amount of real time,
      * measured in nanoseconds, is given by:
@@ -398,17 +398,17 @@ public class Object {
      * <p>
      * In all other respects, this method does the same thing as the
      * method {@link #wait(long)} of one argument. In particular,
-     * <tt>wait(0, 0)</tt> means the same thing as <tt>wait(0)</tt>.
+     * {@code wait(0, 0)} means the same thing as {@code wait(0)}.
      * <p>
      * The current thread must own this object's monitor. The thread
      * releases ownership of this monitor and waits until either of the
      * following two conditions has occurred:
      * <ul>
      * <li>Another thread notifies threads waiting on this object's monitor
-     *     to wake up either through a call to the <code>notify</code> method
-     *     or the <code>notifyAll</code> method.
-     * <li>The timeout period, specified by <code>timeout</code>
-     *     milliseconds plus <code>nanos</code> nanoseconds arguments, has
+     *     to wake up either through a call to the {@code notify} method
+     *     or the {@code notifyAll} method.
+     * <li>The timeout period, specified by {@code timeout}
+     *     milliseconds plus {@code nanos} nanoseconds arguments, has
      *     elapsed.
      * </ul>
      * <p>
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ public class Object {
      *     }
      * </pre>
      * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner
-     * of this object's monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a
+     * of this object's monitor. See the {@code notify} method for a
      * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of
      * a monitor.
      *
@@ -465,13 +465,13 @@ public class Object {
      * {@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the
      * {@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object.
      * In other words, this method behaves exactly as if it simply
-     * performs the call <tt>wait(0)</tt>.
+     * performs the call {@code wait(0)}.
      * <p>
      * The current thread must own this object's monitor. The thread
      * releases ownership of this monitor and waits until another thread
      * notifies threads waiting on this object's monitor to wake up
-     * either through a call to the <code>notify</code> method or the
-     * <code>notifyAll</code> method. The thread then waits until it can
+     * either through a call to the {@code notify} method or the
+     * {@code notifyAll} method. The thread then waits until it can
      * re-obtain ownership of the monitor and resumes execution.
      * <p>
      * As in the one argument version, interrupts and spurious wakeups are
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ public class Object {
      *     }
      * </pre>
      * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner
-     * of this object's monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a
+     * of this object's monitor. See the {@code notify} method for a
      * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of
      * a monitor.
      *
@@ -505,49 +505,49 @@ public class Object {
     /**
      * Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection
      * determines that there are no more references to the object.
-     * A subclass overrides the <code>finalize</code> method to dispose of
+     * A subclass overrides the {@code finalize} method to dispose of
      * system resources or to perform other cleanup.
      * <p>
-     * The general contract of <tt>finalize</tt> is that it is invoked
+     * The general contract of {@code finalize} is that it is invoked
      * if and when the Java<font size="-2"><sup>TM</sup></font> virtual
      * machine has determined that there is no longer any
      * means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has
      * not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the
      * finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be
-     * finalized. The <tt>finalize</tt> method may take any action, including
+     * finalized. The {@code finalize} method may take any action, including
      * making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose
-     * of <tt>finalize</tt>, however, is to perform cleanup actions before
+     * of {@code finalize}, however, is to perform cleanup actions before
      * the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method
      * for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform
      * explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is
      * permanently discarded.
      * <p>
-     * The <tt>finalize</tt> method of class <tt>Object</tt> performs no
+     * The {@code finalize} method of class {@code Object} performs no
      * special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of
-     * <tt>Object</tt> may override this definition.
+     * {@code Object} may override this definition.
      * <p>
      * The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will
-     * invoke the <tt>finalize</tt> method for any given object. It is
+     * invoke the {@code finalize} method for any given object. It is
      * guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not
      * be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is
      * invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method,
      * the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.
      * <p>
-     * After the <tt>finalize</tt> method has been invoked for an object, no
+     * After the {@code finalize} method has been invoked for an object, no
      * further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again
      * determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can
      * be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible
      * actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized,
      * at which point the object may be discarded.
      * <p>
-     * The <tt>finalize</tt> method is never invoked more than once by a Java
+     * The {@code finalize} method is never invoked more than once by a Java
      * virtual machine for any given object.
      * <p>
-     * Any exception thrown by the <code>finalize</code> method causes
+     * Any exception thrown by the {@code finalize} method causes
      * the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise
      * ignored.
      *
-     * @throws Throwable the <code>Exception</code> raised by this method
+     * @throws Throwable the {@code Exception} raised by this method
      */
     protected void finalize() throws Throwable { }
 }

src/share/classes/java/lang/RuntimePermission.java

@@ -100,6 +100,13 @@ import java.util.StringTokenizer;
  * </tr>
  *
  * <tr>
+ *   <td>closeClassLoader</td>
+ *   <td>Closing of a ClassLoader</td>
+ *   <td>Granting this permission allows code to close any URLClassLoader
+ * that it has a reference to.</td>
+ * </tr>
+ *
+ * <tr>
  *   <td>setSecurityManager</td>
  *   <td>Setting of the security manager (possibly replacing an existing one)
  * </td>

src/share/classes/java/lang/annotation/Annotation.java

 /*
- * Copyright 2003-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright 2003-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ package java.lang.annotation;
  * an annotation type.  Also note that this interface does not itself
  * define an annotation type.
  *
+ * More information about annotation types can be found in <i>The
+ * Java&trade; Language Specification, Third Edition</i>, <a
+ * href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/interfaces.html#9.6">&sect;9.6</a>.
+ *
  * @author  Josh Bloch
  * @since   1.5
  */

src/share/classes/java/lang/instrument/package.html

+<!--
+ Copyright 2003-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+
+ This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+
+ This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ accompanied this code).
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+ Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ have any questions.
+-->
+
 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
 <html>
 <head>

src/share/classes/java/net/HttpCookie.java

@@ -1058,8 +1058,7 @@ public final class HttpCookie implements Cloneable {
         if (assignor != null) {
             assignor.assign(cookie, attrName, attrValue);
         } else {
-            // must be an error
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal cookie attribute");
+            // Ignore the attribute as per RFC 2965
         }
     }
 

src/share/classes/java/net/URLClassLoader.java

@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FilePermission;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.net.URLConnection;
 import java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 import java.util.jar.Manifest;
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  * @author  David Connelly
  * @since   1.2
  */
-public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader {
+public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader implements Closeable {
     /* The search path for classes and resources */
     URLClassPath ucp;
 
@@ -85,13 +87,13 @@ public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader {
      * to refer to a JAR file which will be downloaded and opened as needed.
      *
      * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
-     * calls the security manager's <code>checkCreateClassLoader</code> method
+     * calls the security manager's {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method
      * to ensure creation of a class loader is allowed.
      *
      * @param urls the URLs from which to load classes and resources
      * @param parent the parent class loader for delegation
      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
-     *             <code>checkCreateClassLoader</code> method doesn't allow
+     *             {@code checkCreateClassLoader} method doesn't allow
      *             creation of a class loader.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkCreateClassLoader
      */
@@ -169,12 +171,65 @@ public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader {
         acc = AccessController.getContext();
     }
 
+
+   /**
+    * Closes this URLClassLoader, so that it can no longer be used to load
+    * new classes or resources that are defined by this loader.
+    * Classes and resources defined by any of this loader's parents in the
+    * delegation hierarchy are still accessible. Also, any classes or resources
+    * that are already loaded, are still accessible.
+    * <p>
+    * In the case of jar: and file: URLs, it also closes any class files,
+    * or JAR files that were opened by it. If another thread is loading a
+    * class when the {@code close} method is invoked, then the result of
+    * that load is undefined.
+    * <p>
+    * The method makes a best effort attempt to close all opened files,
+    * by catching {@link IOException}s internally. Unchecked exceptions
+    * and errors are not caught. Calling close on an already closed
+    * loader has no effect.
+    * <p>
+    * @throws IOException if closing any file opened by this class loader
+    * resulted in an IOException. Any such exceptions are caught, and a
+    * single IOException is thrown after the last file has been closed.
+    * If only one exception was thrown, it will be set as the <i>cause</i>
+    * of this IOException.
+    *
+    * @throws SecurityException if a security manager is set, and it denies
+    *   {@link RuntimePermission}<tt>("closeClassLoader")</tt>
+    *
+    * @since 1.7
+    */
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (security != null) {
+            security.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("closeClassLoader"));
+        }
+        List<IOException> errors = ucp.closeLoaders();
+        if (errors.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (errors.size() == 1) {
+            throw new IOException (
+                "Error closing URLClassLoader resource",
+                errors.get(0)
+            );
+        }
+        // Several exceptions. So, just combine the error messages
+        String errormsg = "Error closing resources: ";
+        for (IOException error: errors) {
+            errormsg = errormsg + "[" + error.toString() + "] ";
+        }
+        throw new IOException (errormsg);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Appends the specified URL to the list of URLs to search for
      * classes and resources.
      * <p>
      * If the URL specified is <code>null</code> or is already in the
-     * list of URLs, then invoking this method has no effect.
+     * list of URLs, or if this loader is closed, then invoking this
+     * method has no effect.
      *
      * @param url the URL to be added to the search path of URLs
      */
@@ -199,7 +254,8 @@ public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader {
      *
      * @param name the name of the class
      * @return the resulting class
-     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class could not be found
+     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class could not be found,
+     *            or if the loader is closed.
      */
     protected Class<?> findClass(final String name)
          throws ClassNotFoundException
@@ -370,7 +426,7 @@ public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader {
      *
      * @param name the name of the resource
      * @return a <code>URL</code> for the resource, or <code>null</code>
-     * if the resource could not be found.
+     * if the resource could not be found, or if the loader is closed.
      */
     public URL findResource(final String name) {
         /*
@@ -393,6 +449,7 @@ public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader {
      * @param name the resource name
      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs
      * @return an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>URL</code>s
+     *         If the loader is closed, the Enumeration will be empty.
      */
     public Enumeration<URL> findResources(final String name)
         throws IOException

src/share/classes/java/util/Formatter.java

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * An interpreter for printf-style format strings.  This class provides support
  * for layout justification and alignment, common formats for numeric, string,
  * and date/time data, and locale-specific output.  Common Java types such as
- * <tt>byte</tt>, {@link java.math.BigDecimal BigDecimal}, and {@link Calendar}
+ * {@code byte}, {@link java.math.BigDecimal BigDecimal}, and {@link Calendar}
  * are supported.  Limited formatting customization for arbitrary user types is
  * provided through the {@link Formattable} interface.
  *
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * class.
  *
  * <p> Formatted printing for the Java language is heavily inspired by C's
- * <tt>printf</tt>.  Although the format strings are similar to C, some
+ * {@code printf}.  Although the format strings are similar to C, some
  * customizations have been made to accommodate the Java language and exploit
  * some of its features.  Also, Java formatting is more strict than C's; for
  * example, if a conversion is incompatible with a flag, an exception will be
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *   // -&gt; "Unable to open file 'food': No such file or directory"
  * </pre></blockquote>
  *
- * <p> Like C's <tt>sprintf(3)</tt>, Strings may be formatted using the static
+ * <p> Like C's {@code sprintf(3)}, Strings may be formatted using the static
  * method {@link String#format(String,Object...) String.format}:
  *
  * <blockquote><pre>
@@ -157,16 +157,16 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *   String s = String.format("Duke's Birthday: %1$tm %1$te,%1$tY", c);
  * </pre></blockquote>
  *
- * This format string is the first argument to the <tt>format</tt> method.  It
- * contains three format specifiers "<tt>%1$tm</tt>", "<tt>%1$te</tt>", and
- * "<tt>%1$tY</tt>" which indicate how the arguments should be processed and
+ * This format string is the first argument to the {@code format} method.  It
+ * contains three format specifiers "{@code %1$tm}", "{@code %1$te}", and
+ * "{@code %1$tY}" which indicate how the arguments should be processed and
  * where they should be inserted in the text.  The remaining portions of the
- * format string are fixed text including <tt>"Dukes Birthday: "</tt> and any
+ * format string are fixed text including {@code "Dukes Birthday: "} and any
  * other spaces or punctuation.
  *
  * The argument list consists of all arguments passed to the method after the
  * format string.  In the above example, the argument list is of size one and
- * consists of the {@link java.util.Calendar Calendar} object <tt>c</tt>.
+ * consists of the {@link java.util.Calendar Calendar} object {@code c}.
  *
  * <ul>
  *
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <p> The optional <i>argument_index</i> is a decimal integer indicating the
  * position of the argument in the argument list.  The first argument is
- * referenced by "<tt>1$</tt>", the second by "<tt>2$</tt>", etc.
+ * referenced by "{@code 1$}", the second by "{@code 2$}", etc.
  *
  * <p> The optional <i>flags</i> is a set of characters that modify the output
  * format.  The set of valid flags depends on the conversion.
@@ -206,10 +206,10 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * defined as above.
  *
  * <p> The required <i>conversion</i> is a two character sequence.  The first
- * character is <tt>'t'</tt> or <tt>'T'</tt>.  The second character indicates
+ * character is {@code 't'} or {@code 'T'}.  The second character indicates
  * the format to be used.  These characters are similar to but not completely
- * identical to those defined by GNU <tt>date</tt> and POSIX
- * <tt>strftime(3c)</tt>.
+ * identical to those defined by GNU {@code date} and POSIX
+ * {@code strftime(3c)}.
  *
  * <li> The format specifiers which do not correspond to arguments have the
  * following syntax:
@@ -235,31 +235,31 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * type
  *
  * <li> <b>Character</b> - may be applied to basic types which represent
- * Unicode characters: <tt>char</tt>, {@link Character}, <tt>byte</tt>, {@link
- * Byte}, <tt>short</tt>, and {@link Short}. This conversion may also be
- * applied to the types <tt>int</tt> and {@link Integer} when {@link
- * Character#isValidCodePoint} returns <tt>true</tt>
+ * Unicode characters: {@code char}, {@link Character}, {@code byte}, {@link
+ * Byte}, {@code short}, and {@link Short}. This conversion may also be
+ * applied to the types {@code int} and {@link Integer} when {@link
+ * Character#isValidCodePoint} returns {@code true}
  *
  * <li> <b>Numeric</b>
  *
  * <ol>
  *
- * <li> <b>Integral</b> - may be applied to Java integral types: <tt>byte</tt>,
- * {@link Byte}, <tt>short</tt>, {@link Short}, <tt>int</tt> and {@link
- * Integer}, <tt>long</tt>, {@link Long}, and {@link java.math.BigInteger
+ * <li> <b>Integral</b> - may be applied to Java integral types: {@code byte},
+ * {@link Byte}, {@code short}, {@link Short}, {@code int} and {@link
+ * Integer}, {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link java.math.BigInteger
  * BigInteger}
  *
  * <li><b>Floating Point</b> - may be applied to Java floating-point types:
- * <tt>float</tt>, {@link Float}, <tt>double</tt>, {@link Double}, and {@link
+ * {@code float}, {@link Float}, {@code double}, {@link Double}, and {@link
  * java.math.BigDecimal BigDecimal}
  *
  * </ol>
  *
  * <li> <b>Date/Time</b> - may be applied to Java types which are capable of
- * encoding a date or time: <tt>long</tt>, {@link Long}, {@link Calendar}, and
+ * encoding a date or time: {@code long}, {@link Long}, {@link Calendar}, and
  * {@link Date}.
  *
- * <li> <b>Percent</b> - produces a literal <tt>'%'</tt>
+ * <li> <b>Percent</b> - produces a literal {@code '%'}
  * (<tt>'&#92;u0025'</tt>)
  *
  * <li> <b>Line Separator</b> - produces the platform-specific line separator
@@ -267,9 +267,9 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * </ol>
  *
  * <p> The following table summarizes the supported conversions.  Conversions
- * denoted by an upper-case character (i.e. <tt>'B'</tt>, <tt>'H'</tt>,
- * <tt>'S'</tt>, <tt>'C'</tt>, <tt>'X'</tt>, <tt>'E'</tt>, <tt>'G'</tt>,
- * <tt>'A'</tt>, and <tt>'T'</tt>) are the same as those for the corresponding
+ * denoted by an upper-case character (i.e. {@code 'B'}, {@code 'H'},
+ * {@code 'S'}, {@code 'C'}, {@code 'X'}, {@code 'E'}, {@code 'G'},
+ * {@code 'A'}, and {@code 'T'}) are the same as those for the corresponding
  * lower-case conversion characters except that the result is converted to
  * upper case according to the rules of the prevailing {@link java.util.Locale
  * Locale}.  The result is equivalent to the following invocation of {@link
@@ -284,72 +284,72 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     <th valign="bottom"> Argument Category
  *     <th valign="bottom"> Description
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'b'</tt>, <tt>'B'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'b'}, {@code 'B'}
  *     <td valign="top"> general
- *     <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is <tt>null</tt>, then the result is
- *     "<tt>false</tt>".  If <i>arg</i> is a <tt>boolean</tt> or {@link
+ *     <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the result is
+ *     "{@code false}".  If <i>arg</i> is a {@code boolean} or {@link
  *     Boolean}, then the result is the string returned by {@link
  *     String#valueOf(boolean) String.valueOf(arg)}.  Otherwise, the result is
  *     "true".
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'h'</tt>, <tt>'H'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'h'}, {@code 'H'}
  *     <td valign="top"> general
- *     <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is <tt>null</tt>, then the result is
- *     "<tt>null</tt>".  Otherwise, the result is obtained by invoking
- *     <tt>Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode())</tt>.
+ *     <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the result is
+ *     "{@code null}".  Otherwise, the result is obtained by invoking
+ *     {@code Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode())}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'s'</tt>, <tt>'S'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 's'}, {@code 'S'}
  *     <td valign="top"> general
- *     <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is <tt>null</tt>, then the result is
- *     "<tt>null</tt>".  If <i>arg</i> implements {@link Formattable}, then
+ *     <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the result is
+ *     "{@code null}".  If <i>arg</i> implements {@link Formattable}, then
  *     {@link Formattable#formatTo arg.formatTo} is invoked. Otherwise, the
- *     result is obtained by invoking <tt>arg.toString()</tt>.
+ *     result is obtained by invoking {@code arg.toString()}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'c'</tt>, <tt>'C'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'c'}, {@code 'C'}
  *     <td valign="top"> character
  *     <td> The result is a Unicode character
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'d'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'd'}
  *     <td valign="top"> integral
  *     <td> The result is formatted as a decimal integer
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'o'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'o'}
  *     <td valign="top"> integral
  *     <td> The result is formatted as an octal integer
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'x'</tt>, <tt>'X'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'x'}, {@code 'X'}
  *     <td valign="top"> integral
  *     <td> The result is formatted as a hexadecimal integer
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'e'</tt>, <tt>'E'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'e'}, {@code 'E'}
  *     <td valign="top"> floating point
  *     <td> The result is formatted as a decimal number in computerized
  *     scientific notation
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'f'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'f'}
  *     <td valign="top"> floating point
  *     <td> The result is formatted as a decimal number
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'g'</tt>, <tt>'G'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'g'}, {@code 'G'}
  *     <td valign="top"> floating point
  *     <td> The result is formatted using computerized scientific notation or
  *     decimal format, depending on the precision and the value after rounding.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'a'</tt>, <tt>'A'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'a'}, {@code 'A'}
  *     <td valign="top"> floating point
  *     <td> The result is formatted as a hexadecimal floating-point number with
  *     a significand and an exponent
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'t'</tt>, <tt>'T'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 't'}, {@code 'T'}
  *     <td valign="top"> date/time
  *     <td> Prefix for date and time conversion characters.  See <a
  *     href="#dt">Date/Time Conversions</a>.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'%'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code '%'}
  *     <td valign="top"> percent
- *     <td> The result is a literal <tt>'%'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0025'</tt>)
+ *     <td> The result is a literal {@code '%'} (<tt>'&#92;u0025'</tt>)
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'n'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'n'}
  *     <td valign="top"> line separator
  *     <td> The result is the platform-specific line separator
  *
@@ -361,78 +361,78 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * <h4><a name="dt">Date/Time Conversions</a></h4>
  *
  * <p> The following date and time conversion suffix characters are defined for
- * the <tt>'t'</tt> and <tt>'T'</tt> conversions.  The types are similar to but
- * not completely identical to those defined by GNU <tt>date</tt> and POSIX
- * <tt>strftime(3c)</tt>.  Additional conversion types are provided to access
- * Java-specific functionality (e.g. <tt>'L'</tt> for milliseconds within the
+ * the {@code 't'} and {@code 'T'} conversions.  The types are similar to but
+ * not completely identical to those defined by GNU {@code date} and POSIX
+ * {@code strftime(3c)}.  Additional conversion types are provided to access
+ * Java-specific functionality (e.g. {@code 'L'} for milliseconds within the
  * second).
  *
  * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting times:
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="time">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'H'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'H'}
  *     <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, formatted as two digits with
- *     a leading zero as necessary i.e. <tt>00 - 23</tt>.
+ *     a leading zero as necessary i.e. {@code 00 - 23}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'I'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'I'}
  *     <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, formatted as two digits with a leading
- *     zero as necessary, i.e.  <tt>01 - 12</tt>.
+ *     zero as necessary, i.e.  {@code 01 - 12}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'k'</tt>
- *     <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, i.e. <tt>0 - 23</tt>.
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'k'}
+ *     <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, i.e. {@code 0 - 23}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'l'</tt>
- *     <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, i.e. <tt>1 - 12</tt>.
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'l'}
+ *     <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, i.e. {@code 1 - 12}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'M'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'M'}
  *     <td> Minute within the hour formatted as two digits with a leading zero
- *     as necessary, i.e.  <tt>00 - 59</tt>.
+ *     as necessary, i.e.  {@code 00 - 59}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'S'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'S'}
  *     <td> Seconds within the minute, formatted as two digits with a leading
- *     zero as necessary, i.e. <tt>00 - 60</tt> ("<tt>60</tt>" is a special
+ *     zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 60} ("{@code 60}" is a special
  *     value required to support leap seconds).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'L'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'L'}
  *     <td> Millisecond within the second formatted as three digits with
- *     leading zeros as necessary, i.e. <tt>000 - 999</tt>.
+ *     leading zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000 - 999}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'N'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'N'}
  *     <td> Nanosecond within the second, formatted as nine digits with leading
- *     zeros as necessary, i.e. <tt>000000000 - 999999999</tt>.
+ *     zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000000000 - 999999999}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'p'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'p'}
  *     <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getAmPmStrings morning or afternoon} marker
- *     in lower case, e.g."<tt>am</tt>" or "<tt>pm</tt>". Use of the conversion
- *     prefix <tt>'T'</tt> forces this output to upper case.
+ *     in lower case, e.g."{@code am}" or "{@code pm}". Use of the conversion
+ *     prefix {@code 'T'} forces this output to upper case.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'z'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'z'}
  *     <td> <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt">RFC&nbsp;822</a>
- *     style numeric time zone offset from GMT, e.g. <tt>-0800</tt>.  This
+ *     style numeric time zone offset from GMT, e.g. {@code -0800}.  This
  *     value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time.  For
- *     <tt>long</tt>, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
- *     the {@plainlink TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
+ *     {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
+ *     the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
  *     instance of the Java virtual machine.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'Z'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Z'}
  *     <td> A string representing the abbreviation for the time zone.  This
  *     value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time.  For
- *     <tt>long</tt>, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the  time zone used is
- *     the {@plainlink TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
+ *     {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the  time zone used is
+ *     the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
  *     instance of the Java virtual machine.  The Formatter's locale will
  *     supersede the locale of the argument (if any).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'s'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 's'}
  *     <td> Seconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January 1970
- *     <tt>00:00:00</tt> UTC, i.e. <tt>Long.MIN_VALUE/1000</tt> to
- *     <tt>Long.MAX_VALUE/1000</tt>.
+ *     {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE/1000} to
+ *     {@code Long.MAX_VALUE/1000}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'Q'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Q'}
  *     <td> Milliseconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January
- *     1970 <tt>00:00:00</tt> UTC, i.e. <tt>Long.MIN_VALUE</tt> to
- *     <tt>Long.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
+ *     1970 {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE} to
+ *     {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}.
  *
  * </table>
  *
@@ -440,55 +440,55 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="date">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'B'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'B'}
  *     <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getMonths
- *     full month name}, e.g. <tt>"January"</tt>, <tt>"February"</tt>.
+ *     full month name}, e.g. {@code "January"}, {@code "February"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'b'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'b'}
  *     <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortMonths abbreviated month name},
- *     e.g. <tt>"Jan"</tt>, <tt>"Feb"</tt>.
+ *     e.g. {@code "Jan"}, {@code "Feb"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'h'</tt>
- *     <td> Same as <tt>'b'</tt>.
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'h'}
+ *     <td> Same as {@code 'b'}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'A'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'A'}
  *     <td> Locale-specific full name of the {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getWeekdays day of the week},
- *     e.g. <tt>"Sunday"</tt>, <tt>"Monday"</tt>
+ *     e.g. {@code "Sunday"}, {@code "Monday"}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'a'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'a'}
  *     <td> Locale-specific short name of the {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortWeekdays day of the week},
- *     e.g. <tt>"Sun"</tt>, <tt>"Mon"</tt>
+ *     e.g. {@code "Sun"}, {@code "Mon"}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'C'</tt>
- *     <td> Four-digit year divided by <tt>100</tt>, formatted as two digits
- *     with leading zero as necessary, i.e. <tt>00 - 99</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'C'}
+ *     <td> Four-digit year divided by {@code 100}, formatted as two digits
+ *     with leading zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'Y'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Y'}
  *     <td> Year, formatted as at least four digits with leading zeros as
- *     necessary, e.g. <tt>0092</tt> equals <tt>92</tt> CE for the Gregorian
+ *     necessary, e.g. {@code 0092} equals {@code 92} CE for the Gregorian
  *     calendar.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'y'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'y'}
  *     <td> Last two digits of the year, formatted with leading zeros as
- *     necessary, i.e. <tt>00 - 99</tt>.
+ *     necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'j'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'j'}
  *     <td> Day of year, formatted as three digits with leading zeros as
- *     necessary, e.g. <tt>001 - 366</tt> for the Gregorian calendar.
+ *     necessary, e.g. {@code 001 - 366} for the Gregorian calendar.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'m'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'm'}
  *     <td> Month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as necessary,
- *     i.e. <tt>01 - 13</tt>.
+ *     i.e. {@code 01 - 13}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'d'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'd'}
  *     <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as
- *     necessary, i.e. <tt>01 - 31</tt>
+ *     necessary, i.e. {@code 01 - 31}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'e'</tt>
- *     <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits, i.e. <tt>1 - 31</tt>.
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'e'}
+ *     <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits, i.e. {@code 1 - 31}.
  *
  * </table>
  *
@@ -497,27 +497,27 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="composites">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'R'</tt>
- *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as <tt>"%tH:%tM"</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'R'}
+ *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM"}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'T'</tt>
- *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as <tt>"%tH:%tM:%tS"</tt>.
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'T'}
+ *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM:%tS"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'r'</tt>
- *     <td> Time formatted for the 12-hour clock as <tt>"%tI:%tM:%tS %Tp"</tt>.
- *     The location of the morning or afternoon marker (<tt>'%Tp'</tt>) may be
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'r'}
+ *     <td> Time formatted for the 12-hour clock as {@code "%tI:%tM:%tS %Tp"}.
+ *     The location of the morning or afternoon marker ({@code '%Tp'}) may be
  *     locale-dependent.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'D'</tt>
- *     <td> Date formatted as <tt>"%tm/%td/%ty"</tt>.
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'D'}
+ *     <td> Date formatted as {@code "%tm/%td/%ty"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'F'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'F'}
  *     <td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">ISO&nbsp;8601</a>
- *     complete date formatted as <tt>"%tY-%tm-%td"</tt>.
+ *     complete date formatted as {@code "%tY-%tm-%td"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'c'</tt>
- *     <td> Date and time formatted as <tt>"%ta %tb %td %tT %tZ %tY"</tt>,
- *     e.g. <tt>"Sun Jul 20 16:17:00 EDT 1969"</tt>.
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'c'}
+ *     <td> Date and time formatted as {@code "%ta %tb %td %tT %tZ %tY"},
+ *     e.g. {@code "Sun Jul 20 16:17:00 EDT 1969"}.
  *
  * </table>
  *
@@ -591,18 +591,18 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <p> <sup>1</sup> Depends on the definition of {@link Formattable}.
  *
- * <p> <sup>2</sup> For <tt>'d'</tt> conversion only.
+ * <p> <sup>2</sup> For {@code 'd'} conversion only.
  *
- * <p> <sup>3</sup> For <tt>'o'</tt>, <tt>'x'</tt>, and <tt>'X'</tt>
+ * <p> <sup>3</sup> For {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, and {@code 'X'}
  * conversions only.
  *
- * <p> <sup>4</sup> For <tt>'d'</tt>, <tt>'o'</tt>, <tt>'x'</tt>, and
- * <tt>'X'</tt> conversions applied to {@link java.math.BigInteger BigInteger}
- * or <tt>'d'</tt> applied to <tt>byte</tt>, {@link Byte}, <tt>short</tt>, {@link
- * Short}, <tt>int</tt> and {@link Integer}, <tt>long</tt>, and {@link Long}.
+ * <p> <sup>4</sup> For {@code 'd'}, {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, and
+ * {@code 'X'} conversions applied to {@link java.math.BigInteger BigInteger}
+ * or {@code 'd'} applied to {@code byte}, {@link Byte}, {@code short}, {@link
+ * Short}, {@code int} and {@link Integer}, {@code long}, and {@link Long}.
  *
- * <p> <sup>5</sup> For <tt>'e'</tt>, <tt>'E'</tt>, <tt>'f'</tt>,
- * <tt>'g'</tt>, and <tt>'G'</tt> conversions only.
+ * <p> <sup>5</sup> For {@code 'e'}, {@code 'E'}, {@code 'f'},
+ * {@code 'g'}, and {@code 'G'} conversions only.
  *
  * <p> Any characters not explicitly defined as flags are illegal and are
  * reserved for future extensions.
@@ -618,11 +618,11 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * <p> For general argument types, the precision is the maximum number of
  * characters to be written to the output.
  *
- * <p> For the floating-point conversions <tt>'e'</tt>, <tt>'E'</tt>, and
- * <tt>'f'</tt> the precision is the number of digits after the decimal
- * separator.  If the conversion is <tt>'g'</tt> or <tt>'G'</tt>, then the
+ * <p> For the floating-point conversions {@code 'e'}, {@code 'E'}, and
+ * {@code 'f'} the precision is the number of digits after the decimal
+ * separator.  If the conversion is {@code 'g'} or {@code 'G'}, then the
  * precision is the total number of digits in the resulting magnitude after
- * rounding.  If the conversion is <tt>'a'</tt> or <tt>'A'</tt>, then the
+ * rounding.  If the conversion is {@code 'a'} or {@code 'A'}, then the
  * precision must not be specified.
  *
  * <p> For character, integral, and date/time argument types and the percent
@@ -633,10 +633,10 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <p> The argument index is a decimal integer indicating the position of the
  * argument in the argument list.  The first argument is referenced by
- * "<tt>1$</tt>", the second by "<tt>2$</tt>", etc.
+ * "{@code 1$}", the second by "{@code 2$}", etc.
  *
  * <p> Another way to reference arguments by position is to use the
- * <tt>'&lt;'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u003c'</tt>) flag, which causes the argument for
+ * {@code '<'} (<tt>'&#92;u003c'</tt>) flag, which causes the argument for
  * the previous format specifier to be re-used.  For example, the following two
  * statements would produce identical strings:
  *
@@ -670,14 +670,14 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * applicable to the corresponding argument, then an {@link
  * IllegalFormatConversionException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <p> All specified exceptions may be thrown by any of the <tt>format</tt>
- * methods of <tt>Formatter</tt> as well as by any <tt>format</tt> convenience
+ * <p> All specified exceptions may be thrown by any of the {@code format}
+ * methods of {@code Formatter} as well as by any {@code format} convenience
  * methods such as {@link String#format(String,Object...) String.format} and
  * {@link java.io.PrintStream#printf(String,Object...) PrintStream.printf}.
  *
- * <p> Conversions denoted by an upper-case character (i.e. <tt>'B'</tt>,
- * <tt>'H'</tt>, <tt>'S'</tt>, <tt>'C'</tt>, <tt>'X'</tt>, <tt>'E'</tt>,
- * <tt>'G'</tt>, <tt>'A'</tt>, and <tt>'T'</tt>) are the same as those for the
+ * <p> Conversions denoted by an upper-case character (i.e. {@code 'B'},
+ * {@code 'H'}, {@code 'S'}, {@code 'C'}, {@code 'X'}, {@code 'E'},
+ * {@code 'G'}, {@code 'A'}, and {@code 'T'}) are the same as those for the
  * corresponding lower-case conversion characters except that the result is
  * converted to upper case according to the rules of the prevailing {@link
  * java.util.Locale Locale}.  The result is equivalent to the following
@@ -692,56 +692,56 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="dgConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'b'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'b'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0062'</tt>
- *     <td> Produces either "<tt>true</tt>" or "<tt>false</tt>" as returned by
+ *     <td> Produces either "{@code true}" or "{@code false}" as returned by
  *     {@link Boolean#toString(boolean)}.
  *
- *     <p> If the argument is <tt>null</tt>, then the result is
- *     "<tt>false</tt>".  If the argument is a <tt>boolean</tt> or {@link
+ *     <p> If the argument is {@code null}, then the result is
+ *     "{@code false}".  If the argument is a {@code boolean} or {@link
  *     Boolean}, then the result is the string returned by {@link
  *     String#valueOf(boolean) String.valueOf()}.  Otherwise, the result is
- *     "<tt>true</tt>".
+ *     "{@code true}".
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given, then a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'B'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'B'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0042'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'b'</tt>.
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'b'}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'h'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'h'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0068'</tt>
  *     <td> Produces a string representing the hash code value of the object.
  *
- *     <p> If the argument, <i>arg</i> is <tt>null</tt>, then the
- *     result is "<tt>null</tt>".  Otherwise, the result is obtained
- *     by invoking <tt>Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode())</tt>.
+ *     <p> If the argument, <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the
+ *     result is "{@code null}".  Otherwise, the result is obtained
+ *     by invoking {@code Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode())}.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given, then a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'H'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'H'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0048'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'h'</tt>.
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'h'}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'s'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 's'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0073'</tt>
  *     <td> Produces a string.
  *
- *     <p> If the argument is <tt>null</tt>, then the result is
- *     "<tt>null</tt>".  If the argument implements {@link Formattable}, then
+ *     <p> If the argument is {@code null}, then the result is
+ *     "{@code null}".  If the argument implements {@link Formattable}, then
  *     its {@link Formattable#formatTo formatTo} method is invoked.
  *     Otherwise, the result is obtained by invoking the argument's
- *     <tt>toString()</tt> method.
+ *     {@code toString()} method.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given and the argument is not a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given and the argument is not a {@link
  *     Formattable} , then a {@link FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException}
  *     will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'S'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'S'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0053'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'s'</tt>.
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 's'}.
  *
  * </table>
  *
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="dFlags">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'-'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '-'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>
  *     <td> Left justifies the output.  Spaces (<tt>'&#92;u0020'</tt>) will be
  *     added at the end of the converted value as required to fill the minimum
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     MissingFormatWidthException} will be thrown.  If this flag is not given
  *     then the output will be right-justified.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'#'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '#'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0023'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output use an alternate form.  The definition of the
  *     form is specified by the conversion.
@@ -767,47 +767,47 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * <p> The <a name="genWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters to
  * be written to the
  * output.  If the length of the converted value is less than the width then
- * the output will be padded by <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt> (<tt>&#92;u0020'</tt>)
+ * the output will be padded by <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0020'</tt>)
  * until the total number of characters equals the width.  The padding is on
- * the left by default.  If the <tt>'-'</tt> flag is given, then the padding
+ * the left by default.  If the {@code '-'} flag is given, then the padding
  * will be on the right.  If the width is not specified then there is no
  * minimum.
  *
  * <p> The precision is the maximum number of characters to be written to the
  * output.  The precision is applied before the width, thus the output will be
- * truncated to <tt>precision</tt> characters even if the width is greater than
+ * truncated to {@code precision} characters even if the width is greater than
  * the precision.  If the precision is not specified then there is no explicit
  * limit on the number of characters.
  *
  * <h4><a name="dchar">Character</a></h4>
  *
- * This conversion may be applied to <tt>char</tt> and {@link Character}.  It
- * may also be applied to the types <tt>byte</tt>, {@link Byte},
- * <tt>short</tt>, and {@link Short}, <tt>int</tt> and {@link Integer} when
- * {@link Character#isValidCodePoint} returns <tt>true</tt>.  If it returns
- * <tt>false</tt> then an {@link IllegalFormatCodePointException} will be
+ * This conversion may be applied to {@code char} and {@link Character}.  It
+ * may also be applied to the types {@code byte}, {@link Byte},
+ * {@code short}, and {@link Short}, {@code int} and {@link Integer} when
+ * {@link Character#isValidCodePoint} returns {@code true}.  If it returns
+ * {@code false} then an {@link IllegalFormatCodePointException} will be
  * thrown.
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="charConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'c'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'c'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0063'</tt>
  *     <td> Formats the argument as a Unicode character as described in <a
  *     href="../lang/Character.html#unicode">Unicode Character
- *     Representation</a>.  This may be more than one 16-bit <tt>char</tt> in
+ *     Representation</a>.  This may be more than one 16-bit {@code char} in
  *     the case where the argument represents a supplementary character.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given, then a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'C'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'C'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0043'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'c'</tt>.
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'c'}.
  *
  * </table>
  *
- * <p> The <tt>'-'</tt> flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
- * conversions</a> applies.  If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given, then a {@link
+ * <p> The {@code '-'} flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
+ * conversions</a> applies.  If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
  * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
  * <p> The width is defined as for <a href="#genWidth">General conversions</a>.
@@ -844,14 +844,14 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * <li> Each digit character <i>d</i> in the string is replaced by a
  * locale-specific digit computed relative to the current locale's
  * {@linkplain java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getZeroDigit() zero digit}
- * <i>z</i>; that is <i>d&nbsp;-&nbsp;</i> <tt>'0'</tt>
+ * <i>z</i>; that is <i>d&nbsp;-&nbsp;</i> {@code '0'}
  * <i>&nbsp;+&nbsp;z</i>.
  *
  * <li> If a decimal separator is present, a locale-specific {@linkplain
  * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getDecimalSeparator decimal separator} is
  * substituted.
  *
- * <li> If the <tt>','</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002c'</tt>)
+ * <li> If the {@code ','} (<tt>'&#92;u002c'</tt>)
  * <a name="l10n group">flag</a> is given, then the locale-specific {@linkplain
  * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getGroupingSeparator grouping separator} is
  * inserted by scanning the integer part of the string from least significant
@@ -859,111 +859,111 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * the locale's {@linkplain java.text.DecimalFormat#getGroupingSize() grouping
  * size}.
  *
- * <li> If the <tt>'0'</tt> flag is given, then the locale-specific {@linkplain
+ * <li> If the {@code '0'} flag is given, then the locale-specific {@linkplain
  * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getZeroDigit() zero digits} are inserted
  * after the sign character, if any, and before the first non-zero digit, until
  * the length of the string is equal to the requested field width.
  *
- * <li> If the value is negative and the <tt>'('</tt> flag is given, then a
- * <tt>'('</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0028'</tt>) is prepended and a <tt>')'</tt>
+ * <li> If the value is negative and the {@code '('} flag is given, then a
+ * {@code '('} (<tt>'&#92;u0028'</tt>) is prepended and a {@code ')'}
  * (<tt>'&#92;u0029'</tt>) is appended.
  *
  * <li> If the value is negative (or floating-point negative zero) and
- * <tt>'('</tt> flag is not given, then a <tt>'-'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>)
+ * {@code '('} flag is not given, then a {@code '-'} (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>)
  * is prepended.
  *
- * <li> If the <tt>'+'</tt> flag is given and the value is positive or zero (or
- * floating-point positive zero), then a <tt>'+'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>)
+ * <li> If the {@code '+'} flag is given and the value is positive or zero (or
+ * floating-point positive zero), then a {@code '+'} (<tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>)
  * will be prepended.
  *
  * </ol>
  *
  * <p> If the value is NaN or positive infinity the literal strings "NaN" or
  * "Infinity" respectively, will be output.  If the value is negative infinity,
- * then the output will be "(Infinity)" if the <tt>'('</tt> flag is given
+ * then the output will be "(Infinity)" if the {@code '('} flag is given
  * otherwise the output will be "-Infinity".  These values are not localized.
  *
  * <p><a name="dnint"><b> Byte, Short, Integer, and Long </b></a>
  *
- * <p> The following conversions may be applied to <tt>byte</tt>, {@link Byte},
- * <tt>short</tt>, {@link Short}, <tt>int</tt> and {@link Integer},
- * <tt>long</tt>, and {@link Long}.
+ * <p> The following conversions may be applied to {@code byte}, {@link Byte},
+ * {@code short}, {@link Short}, {@code int} and {@link Integer},
+ * {@code long}, and {@link Long}.
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="IntConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'d'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'd'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0054'</tt>
  *     <td> Formats the argument as a decimal integer. The <a
  *     href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is applied.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'0'</tt> flag is given and the value is negative, then
+ *     <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given and the value is negative, then
  *     the zero padding will occur after the sign.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given then a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'o'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'o'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u006f'</tt>
  *     <td> Formats the argument as an integer in base eight.  No localization
  *     is applied.
  *
  *     <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be an unsigned value
- *     generated by adding 2<sup>n</sup> to the value where <tt>n</tt> is the
- *     number of bits in the type as returned by the static <tt>SIZE</tt> field
+ *     generated by adding 2<sup>n</sup> to the value where {@code n} is the
+ *     number of bits in the type as returned by the static {@code SIZE} field
  *     in the {@linkplain Byte#SIZE Byte}, {@linkplain Short#SIZE Short},
  *     {@linkplain Integer#SIZE Integer}, or {@linkplain Long#SIZE Long}
  *     classes as appropriate.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given then the output will always begin
- *     with the radix indicator <tt>'0'</tt>.
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
+ *     with the radix indicator {@code '0'}.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'0'</tt> flag is given then the output will be padded
+ *     <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded
  *     with leading zeros to the field width following any indication of sign.
  *
- *     <p> If <tt>'('</tt>, <tt>'+'</tt>, '&nbsp&nbsp;', or <tt>','</tt> flags
+ *     <p> If {@code '('}, {@code '+'}, '&nbsp&nbsp;', or {@code ','} flags
  *     are given then a {@link FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be
  *     thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'x'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'x'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0078'</tt>
  *     <td> Formats the argument as an integer in base sixteen. No
  *     localization is applied.
  *
  *     <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be an unsigned value
- *     generated by adding 2<sup>n</sup> to the value where <tt>n</tt> is the
- *     number of bits in the type as returned by the static <tt>SIZE</tt> field
+ *     generated by adding 2<sup>n</sup> to the value where {@code n} is the
+ *     number of bits in the type as returned by the static {@code SIZE} field
  *     in the {@linkplain Byte#SIZE Byte}, {@linkplain Short#SIZE Short},
  *     {@linkplain Integer#SIZE Integer}, or {@linkplain Long#SIZE Long}
  *     classes as appropriate.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given then the output will always begin
- *     with the radix indicator <tt>"0x"</tt>.
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
+ *     with the radix indicator {@code "0x"}.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'0'</tt> flag is given then the output will be padded to
+ *     <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded to
  *     the field width with leading zeros after the radix indicator or sign (if
  *     present).
  *
- *     <p> If <tt>'('</tt>, <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt>, <tt>'+'</tt>, or
- *     <tt>','</tt> flags are given then a {@link
+ *     <p> If {@code '('}, <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt>, {@code '+'}, or
+ *     {@code ','} flags are given then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'X'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'X'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0058'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'x'</tt>.  The entire string
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'x'}.  The entire string
  *     representing the number will be converted to {@linkplain
- *     String#toUpperCase upper case} including the <tt>'x'</tt> (if any) and
- *     all hexadecimal digits <tt>'a'</tt> - <tt>'f'</tt>
+ *     String#toUpperCase upper case} including the {@code 'x'} (if any) and
+ *     all hexadecimal digits {@code 'a'} - {@code 'f'}
  *     (<tt>'&#92;u0061'</tt> -  <tt>'&#92;u0066'</tt>).
  *
  * </table>
  *
- * <p> If the conversion is <tt>'o'</tt>, <tt>'x'</tt>, or <tt>'X'</tt> and
- * both the <tt>'#'</tt> and the <tt>'0'</tt> flags are given, then result will
- * contain the radix indicator (<tt>'0'</tt> for octal and <tt>"0x"</tt> or
- * <tt>"0X"</tt> for hexadecimal), some number of zeros (based on the width),
+ * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, or {@code 'X'} and
+ * both the {@code '#'} and the {@code '0'} flags are given, then result will
+ * contain the radix indicator ({@code '0'} for octal and {@code "0x"} or
+ * {@code "0X"} for hexadecimal), some number of zeros (based on the width),
  * and the value.
  *
- * <p> If the <tt>'-'</tt> flag is not given, then the space padding will occur
+ * <p> If the {@code '-'} flag is not given, then the space padding will occur
  * before the sign.
  *
  * <p> The following <a name="intFlags">flags</a> apply to numeric integral
@@ -971,13 +971,13 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="intFlags">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'+'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '+'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to include a positive sign for all positive
  *     numbers.  If this flag is not given then only negative values will
  *     include a sign.
  *
- *     <p> If both the <tt>'+'</tt> and <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt> flags are given
+ *     <p> If both the {@code '+'} and <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt> flags are given
  *     then an {@link IllegalFormatFlagsException} will be thrown.
  *
  * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt>
@@ -985,10 +985,10 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     <td> Requires the output to include a single extra space
  *     (<tt>'&#92;u0020'</tt>) for non-negative values.
  *
- *     <p> If both the <tt>'+'</tt> and <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt> flags are given
+ *     <p> If both the {@code '+'} and <tt>'&nbsp;&nbsp;'</tt> flags are given
  *     then an {@link IllegalFormatFlagsException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'0'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '0'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0030'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be padded with leading {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getZeroDigit zeros} to the minimum field
@@ -996,20 +996,20 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     or infinity.  If the width is not provided, then a {@link
  *     MissingFormatWidthException} will be thrown.
  *
- *     <p> If both the <tt>'-'</tt> and <tt>'0'</tt> flags are given then an
+ *     <p> If both the {@code '-'} and {@code '0'} flags are given then an
  *     {@link IllegalFormatFlagsException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>','</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code ','}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u002c'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to include the locale-specific {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getGroupingSeparator group separators} as
  *     described in the <a href="#l10n group">"group" section</a> of the
  *     localization algorithm.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'('</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '('}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0028'</tt>
- *     <td> Requires the output to prepend a <tt>'('</tt>
- *     (<tt>'&#92;u0028'</tt>) and append a <tt>')'</tt>
+ *     <td> Requires the output to prepend a {@code '('}
+ *     (<tt>'&#92;u0028'</tt>) and append a {@code ')'}
  *     (<tt>'&#92;u0029'</tt>) to negative values.
  *
  * </table>
@@ -1019,9 +1019,9 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <ul>
  *
- * <li> The output is right-justified within the <tt>width</tt>
+ * <li> The output is right-justified within the {@code width}
  *
- * <li> Negative numbers begin with a <tt>'-'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>)
+ * <li> Negative numbers begin with a {@code '-'} (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>)
  *
  * <li> Positive numbers and zero do not include a sign or extra leading
  * space
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * separators, radix indicator, and parentheses.  If the length of the
  * converted value is less than the width then the output will be padded by
  * spaces (<tt>'&#92;u0020'</tt>) until the total number of characters equals
- * width.  The padding is on the left by default.  If <tt>'-'</tt> flag is
+ * width.  The padding is on the left by default.  If {@code '-'} flag is
  * given then the padding will be on the right.  If width is not specified then
  * there is no minimum.
  *
@@ -1049,81 +1049,81 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="BIntConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'d'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'd'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0054'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted as a decimal integer. The <a
  *     href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is applied.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'o'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'o'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u006f'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted as an integer in base eight.
  *     No localization is applied.
  *
  *     <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be a signed value
- *     beginning with <tt>'-'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>).  Signed output is
+ *     beginning with {@code '-'} (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>).  Signed output is
  *     allowed for this type because unlike the primitive types it is not
  *     possible to create an unsigned equivalent without assuming an explicit
  *     data-type size.
  *
- *     <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or zero and the <tt>'+'</tt> flag is given
- *     then the result will begin with <tt>'+'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>).
+ *     <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or zero and the {@code '+'} flag is given
+ *     then the result will begin with {@code '+'} (<tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>).
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given then the output will always begin
- *     with <tt>'0'</tt> prefix.
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
+ *     with {@code '0'} prefix.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'0'</tt> flag is given then the output will be padded
+ *     <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded
  *     with leading zeros to the field width following any indication of sign.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>','</tt> flag is given then a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code ','} flag is given then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'x'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'x'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0078'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted as an integer in base
  *     sixteen.  No localization is applied.
  *
  *     <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be a signed value
- *     beginning with <tt>'-'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>).  Signed output is
+ *     beginning with {@code '-'} (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>).  Signed output is
  *     allowed for this type because unlike the primitive types it is not
  *     possible to create an unsigned equivalent without assuming an explicit
  *     data-type size.
  *
- *     <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or zero and the <tt>'+'</tt> flag is given
- *     then the result will begin with <tt>'+'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>).
+ *     <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or zero and the {@code '+'} flag is given
+ *     then the result will begin with {@code '+'} (<tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>).
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given then the output will always begin
- *     with the radix indicator <tt>"0x"</tt>.
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
+ *     with the radix indicator {@code "0x"}.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'0'</tt> flag is given then the output will be padded to
+ *     <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded to
  *     the field width with leading zeros after the radix indicator or sign (if
  *     present).
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>','</tt> flag is given then a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code ','} flag is given then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'X'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'X'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0058'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'x'</tt>.  The entire string
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'x'}.  The entire string
  *     representing the number will be converted to {@linkplain
- *     String#toUpperCase upper case} including the <tt>'x'</tt> (if any) and
- *     all hexadecimal digits <tt>'a'</tt> - <tt>'f'</tt>
+ *     String#toUpperCase upper case} including the {@code 'x'} (if any) and
+ *     all hexadecimal digits {@code 'a'} - {@code 'f'}
  *     (<tt>'&#92;u0061'</tt> - <tt>'&#92;u0066'</tt>).
  *
  * </table>
  *
- * <p> If the conversion is <tt>'o'</tt>, <tt>'x'</tt>, or <tt>'X'</tt> and
- * both the <tt>'#'</tt> and the <tt>'0'</tt> flags are given, then result will
- * contain the base indicator (<tt>'0'</tt> for octal and <tt>"0x"</tt> or
- * <tt>"0X"</tt> for hexadecimal), some number of zeros (based on the width),
+ * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, or {@code 'X'} and
+ * both the {@code '#'} and the {@code '0'} flags are given, then result will
+ * contain the base indicator ({@code '0'} for octal and {@code "0x"} or
+ * {@code "0X"} for hexadecimal), some number of zeros (based on the width),
  * and the value.
  *
- * <p> If the <tt>'0'</tt> flag is given and the value is negative, then the
+ * <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given and the value is negative, then the
  * zero padding will occur after the sign.
  *
- * <p> If the <tt>'-'</tt> flag is not given, then the space padding will occur
+ * <p> If the {@code '-'} flag is not given, then the space padding will occur
  * before the sign.
  *
  * <p> All <a href="#intFlags">flags</a> defined for Byte, Short, Integer, and
@@ -1138,12 +1138,12 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <p><a name="dndec"><b> Float and Double</b></a>
  *
- * <p> The following conversions may be applied to <tt>float</tt>, {@link
- * Float}, <tt>double</tt> and {@link Double}.
+ * <p> The following conversions may be applied to {@code float}, {@link
+ * Float}, {@code double} and {@link Double}.
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="floatConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'e'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'e'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0065'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a
  *     name="scientific">computerized scientific notation</a>.  The <a
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     localized.
  *
  *     <p> If <i>m</i> is positive-zero or negative-zero, then the exponent
- *     will be <tt>"+00"</tt>.
+ *     will be {@code "+00"}.
  *
  *     <p> Otherwise, the result is a string that represents the sign and
  *     magnitude (absolute value) of the argument.  The formatting of the sign
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     that 1 &lt;= <i>a</i> &lt; 10. The magnitude is then represented as the
  *     integer part of <i>a</i>, as a single decimal digit, followed by the
  *     decimal separator followed by decimal digits representing the fractional
- *     part of <i>a</i>, followed by the exponent symbol <tt>'e'</tt>
+ *     part of <i>a</i>, followed by the exponent symbol {@code 'e'}
  *     (<tt>'&#92;u0065'</tt>), followed by the sign of the exponent, followed
  *     by a representation of <i>n</i> as a decimal integer, as produced by the
  *     method {@link Long#toString(long, int)}, and zero-padded to include at
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  *     <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
  *     <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision.  If the precision is not
- *     specified then the default value is <tt>6</tt>. If the precision is less
+ *     specified then the default value is {@code 6}. If the precision is less
  *     than the number of digits which would appear after the decimal point in
  *     the string returned by {@link Float#toString(float)} or {@link
  *     Double#toString(double)} respectively, then the value will be rounded
@@ -1188,15 +1188,15 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     Float#toString(float)} or {@link Double#toString(double)} as
  *     appropriate.
  *
- *     <p>If the <tt>','</tt> flag is given, then an {@link
+ *     <p>If the {@code ','} flag is given, then an {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'E'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'E'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0045'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'e'</tt>.  The exponent symbol
- *     will be <tt>'E'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0045'</tt>).
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'e'}.  The exponent symbol
+ *     will be {@code 'E'} (<tt>'&#92;u0045'</tt>).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'g'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'g'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0067'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted in general scientific notation
  *     as described below. The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
@@ -1215,17 +1215,17 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  *     <p> The total number of significant digits in <i>m</i> is equal to the
  *     precision.  If the precision is not specified, then the default value is
- *     <tt>6</tt>.  If the precision is <tt>0</tt>, then it is taken to be
- *     <tt>1</tt>.
+ *     {@code 6}.  If the precision is {@code 0}, then it is taken to be
+ *     {@code 1}.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given then an {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then an {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'G'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'G'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0047'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'g'</tt>.
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'g'}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'f'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'f'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0066'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a name="decimal">decimal
  *     format</a>.  The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  *     <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
  *     <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision.  If the precision is not
- *     specified then the default value is <tt>6</tt>. If the precision is less
+ *     specified then the default value is {@code 6}. If the precision is less
  *     than the number of digits which would appear after the decimal point in
  *     the string returned by {@link Float#toString(float)} or {@link
  *     Double#toString(double)} respectively, then the value will be rounded
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     Float#toString(float)} or {@link Double#toString(double)} as
  *     appropriate.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'a'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'a'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0061'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted in hexadecimal exponential
  *     form.  No localization is applied.
@@ -1266,10 +1266,10 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     (absolute value) of the argument <i>x</i>.
  *
  *     <p> If <i>x</i> is negative or a negative-zero value then the result
- *     will begin with <tt>'-'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>).
+ *     will begin with {@code '-'} (<tt>'&#92;u002d'</tt>).
  *
  *     <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or a positive-zero value and the
- *     <tt>'+'</tt> flag is given then the result will begin with <tt>'+'</tt>
+ *     {@code '+'} flag is given then the result will begin with {@code '+'}
  *     (<tt>'&#92;u002b'</tt>).
  *
  *     <p> The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its value.
@@ -1280,43 +1280,43 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     "Infinity", respectively, will be output.
  *
  *     <li> If <i>m</i> is zero then it is represented by the string
- *     <tt>"0x0.0p0"</tt>.
+ *     {@code "0x0.0p0"}.
  *
- *     <li> If <i>m</i> is a <tt>double</tt> value with a normalized
+ *     <li> If <i>m</i> is a {@code double} value with a normalized
  *     representation then substrings are used to represent the significand and
  *     exponent fields.  The significand is represented by the characters
- *     <tt>"0x1."</tt> followed by the hexadecimal representation of the rest
+ *     {@code "0x1."} followed by the hexadecimal representation of the rest
  *     of the significand as a fraction.  The exponent is represented by
- *     <tt>'p'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0070'</tt>) followed by a decimal string of the
+ *     {@code 'p'} (<tt>'&#92;u0070'</tt>) followed by a decimal string of the
  *     unbiased exponent as if produced by invoking {@link
  *     Integer#toString(int) Integer.toString} on the exponent value.
  *
- *     <li> If <i>m</i> is a <tt>double</tt> value with a subnormal
+ *     <li> If <i>m</i> is a {@code double} value with a subnormal
  *     representation then the significand is represented by the characters
- *     <tt>'0x0.'</tt> followed by the hexadecimal representation of the rest
+ *     {@code '0x0.'} followed by the hexadecimal representation of the rest
  *     of the significand as a fraction.  The exponent is represented by
- *     <tt>'p-1022'</tt>.  Note that there must be at least one nonzero digit
+ *     {@code 'p-1022'}.  Note that there must be at least one nonzero digit
  *     in a subnormal significand.
  *
  *     </ul>
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'('</tt> or <tt>','</tt> flags are given, then a {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '('} or {@code ','} flags are given, then a {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'A'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'A'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0041'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'a'</tt>.  The entire string
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'a'}.  The entire string
  *     representing the number will be converted to upper case including the
- *     <tt>'x'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0078'</tt>) and <tt>'p'</tt>
- *     (<tt>'&#92;u0070'</tt> and all hexadecimal digits <tt>'a'</tt> -
- *     <tt>'f'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0061'</tt> - <tt>'&#92;u0066'</tt>).
+ *     {@code 'x'} (<tt>'&#92;u0078'</tt>) and {@code 'p'}
+ *     (<tt>'&#92;u0070'</tt> and all hexadecimal digits {@code 'a'} -
+ *     {@code 'f'} (<tt>'&#92;u0061'</tt> - <tt>'&#92;u0066'</tt>).
  *
  * </table>
  *
  * <p> All <a href="#intFlags">flags</a> defined for Byte, Short, Integer, and
  * Long apply.
  *
- * <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given, then the decimal separator will
+ * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then the decimal separator will
  * always be present.
  *
  * <p> If no <a name="floatdFlags">flags</a> are given the default formatting
@@ -1324,9 +1324,9 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <ul>
  *
- * <li> The output is right-justified within the <tt>width</tt>
+ * <li> The output is right-justified within the {@code width}
  *
- * <li> Negative numbers begin with a <tt>'-'</tt>
+ * <li> Negative numbers begin with a {@code '-'}
  *
  * <li> Positive numbers and positive zero do not include a sign or extra
  * leading space
@@ -1344,21 +1344,21 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * the length of the converted value is less than the width then the output
  * will be padded by spaces (<tt>'&#92;u0020'</tt>) until the total number of
  * characters equals width.  The padding is on the left by default.  If the
- * <tt>'-'</tt> flag is given then the padding will be on the right.  If width
+ * {@code '-'} flag is given then the padding will be on the right.  If width
  * is not specified then there is no minimum.
  *
- * <p> If the <a name="floatDPrec">conversion</a> is <tt>'e'</tt>,
- * <tt>'E'</tt> or <tt>'f'</tt>, then the precision is the number of digits
+ * <p> If the <a name="floatDPrec">conversion</a> is {@code 'e'},
+ * {@code 'E'} or {@code 'f'}, then the precision is the number of digits
  * after the decimal separator.  If the precision is not specified, then it is
- * assumed to be <tt>6</tt>.
+ * assumed to be {@code 6}.
  *
- * <p> If the conversion is <tt>'g'</tt> or <tt>'G'</tt>, then the precision is
+ * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'g'} or {@code 'G'}, then the precision is
  * the total number of significant digits in the resulting magnitude after
  * rounding.  If the precision is not specified, then the default value is
- * <tt>6</tt>.  If the precision is <tt>0</tt>, then it is taken to be
- * <tt>1</tt>.
+ * {@code 6}.  If the precision is {@code 0}, then it is taken to be
+ * {@code 1}.
  *
- * <p> If the conversion is <tt>'a'</tt> or <tt>'A'</tt>, then the precision
+ * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'a'} or {@code 'A'}, then the precision
  * is the number of hexadecimal digits after the decimal separator.  If the
  * precision is not provided, then all of the digits as returned by {@link
  * Double#toHexString(double)} will be output.
@@ -1370,7 +1370,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="floatConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'e'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'e'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0065'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a
  *     name="scientific">computerized scientific notation</a>.  The <a
@@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     <p> The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its value.
  *
  *     <p> If <i>m</i> is positive-zero or negative-zero, then the exponent
- *     will be <tt>"+00"</tt>.
+ *     will be {@code "+00"}.
  *
  *     <p> Otherwise, the result is a string that represents the sign and
  *     magnitude (absolute value) of the argument.  The formatting of the sign
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     that 1 &lt;= <i>a</i> &lt; 10. The magnitude is then represented as the
  *     integer part of <i>a</i>, as a single decimal digit, followed by the
  *     decimal separator followed by decimal digits representing the fractional
- *     part of <i>a</i>, followed by the exponent symbol <tt>'e'</tt>
+ *     part of <i>a</i>, followed by the exponent symbol {@code 'e'}
  *     (<tt>'&#92;u0065'</tt>), followed by the sign of the exponent, followed
  *     by a representation of <i>n</i> as a decimal integer, as produced by the
  *     method {@link Long#toString(long, int)}, and zero-padded to include at
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  *     <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
  *     <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision.  If the precision is not
- *     specified then the default value is <tt>6</tt>.  If the precision is
+ *     specified then the default value is {@code 6}.  If the precision is
  *     less than the number of digits which would appear after the decimal
  *     point in the string returned by {@link Float#toString(float)} or {@link
  *     Double#toString(double)} respectively, then the value will be rounded
@@ -1410,15 +1410,15 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *     For a canonical representation of the value, use {@link
  *     BigDecimal#toString()}.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>','</tt> flag is given, then an {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code ','} flag is given, then an {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'E'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'E'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0045'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'e'</tt>.  The exponent symbol
- *     will be <tt>'E'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0045'</tt>).
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'e'}.  The exponent symbol
+ *     will be {@code 'E'} (<tt>'&#92;u0045'</tt>).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'g'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'g'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0067'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted in general scientific notation
  *     as described below. The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
@@ -1437,17 +1437,17 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  *     <p> The total number of significant digits in <i>m</i> is equal to the
  *     precision.  If the precision is not specified, then the default value is
- *     <tt>6</tt>.  If the precision is <tt>0</tt>, then it is taken to be
- *     <tt>1</tt>.
+ *     {@code 6}.  If the precision is {@code 0}, then it is taken to be
+ *     {@code 1}.
  *
- *     <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given then an {@link
+ *     <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then an {@link
  *     FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'G'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'G'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0047'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'g'</tt>.
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'g'}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'f'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'f'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0066'</tt>
  *     <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a name="decimal">decimal
  *     format</a>.  The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  *     <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
  *     <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision.  If the precision is not
- *     specified then the default value is <tt>6</tt>.  If the precision is
+ *     specified then the default value is {@code 6}.  If the precision is
  *     less than the number of digits which would appear after the decimal
  *     point in the string returned by {@link Float#toString(float)} or {@link
  *     Double#toString(double)} respectively, then the value will be rounded
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * <p> All <a href="#intFlags">flags</a> defined for Byte, Short, Integer, and
  * Long apply.
  *
- * <p> If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given, then the decimal separator will
+ * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then the decimal separator will
  * always be present.
  *
  * <p> The <a href="#floatdFlags">default behavior</a> when no flags are
@@ -1491,114 +1491,114 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <h4><a name="ddt">Date/Time</a></h4>
  *
- * <p> This conversion may be applied to <tt>long</tt>, {@link Long}, {@link
+ * <p> This conversion may be applied to {@code long}, {@link Long}, {@link
  * Calendar}, and {@link Date}.
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="DTConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'t'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 't'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0074'</tt>
  *     <td> Prefix for date and time conversion characters.
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'T'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'T'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0054'</tt>
- *     <td> The upper-case variant of <tt>'t'</tt>.
+ *     <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 't'}.
  *
  * </table>
  *
  * <p> The following date and time conversion character suffixes are defined
- * for the <tt>'t'</tt> and <tt>'T'</tt> conversions.  The types are similar to
- * but not completely identical to those defined by GNU <tt>date</tt> and
- * POSIX <tt>strftime(3c)</tt>.  Additional conversion types are provided to
- * access Java-specific functionality (e.g. <tt>'L'</tt> for milliseconds
+ * for the {@code 't'} and {@code 'T'} conversions.  The types are similar to
+ * but not completely identical to those defined by GNU {@code date} and
+ * POSIX {@code strftime(3c)}.  Additional conversion types are provided to
+ * access Java-specific functionality (e.g. {@code 'L'} for milliseconds
  * within the second).
  *
  * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting times:
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="time">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>'H'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'H'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0048'</tt>
  *     <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, formatted as two digits with
- *     a leading zero as necessary i.e. <tt>00 - 23</tt>. <tt>00</tt>
+ *     a leading zero as necessary i.e. {@code 00 - 23}. {@code 00}
  *     corresponds to midnight.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'I'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'I'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0049'</tt>
  *     <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, formatted as two digits with a leading
- *     zero as necessary, i.e.  <tt>01 - 12</tt>.  <tt>01</tt> corresponds to
+ *     zero as necessary, i.e.  {@code 01 - 12}.  {@code 01} corresponds to
  *     one o'clock (either morning or afternoon).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'k'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'k'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u006b'</tt>
- *     <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, i.e. <tt>0 - 23</tt>.
- *     <tt>0</tt> corresponds to midnight.
+ *     <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, i.e. {@code 0 - 23}.
+ *     {@code 0} corresponds to midnight.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'l'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'l'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u006c'</tt>
- *     <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, i.e. <tt>1 - 12</tt>.  <tt>1</tt>
+ *     <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, i.e. {@code 1 - 12}.  {@code 1}
  *     corresponds to one o'clock (either morning or afternoon).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'M'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'M'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u004d'</tt>
  *     <td> Minute within the hour formatted as two digits with a leading zero
- *     as necessary, i.e.  <tt>00 - 59</tt>.
+ *     as necessary, i.e.  {@code 00 - 59}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'S'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'S'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0053'</tt>
  *     <td> Seconds within the minute, formatted as two digits with a leading
- *     zero as necessary, i.e. <tt>00 - 60</tt> ("<tt>60</tt>" is a special
+ *     zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 60} ("{@code 60}" is a special
  *     value required to support leap seconds).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'L'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'L'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u004c'</tt>
  *     <td> Millisecond within the second formatted as three digits with
- *     leading zeros as necessary, i.e. <tt>000 - 999</tt>.
+ *     leading zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000 - 999}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'N'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'N'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u004e'</tt>
  *     <td> Nanosecond within the second, formatted as nine digits with leading
- *     zeros as necessary, i.e. <tt>000000000 - 999999999</tt>.  The precision
+ *     zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000000000 - 999999999}.  The precision
  *     of this value is limited by the resolution of the underlying operating
  *     system or hardware.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'p'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'p'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0070'</tt>
  *     <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getAmPmStrings morning or afternoon} marker
- *     in lower case, e.g."<tt>am</tt>" or "<tt>pm</tt>".  Use of the
- *     conversion prefix <tt>'T'</tt> forces this output to upper case.  (Note
- *     that <tt>'p'</tt> produces lower-case output.  This is different from
- *     GNU <tt>date</tt> and POSIX <tt>strftime(3c)</tt> which produce
+ *     in lower case, e.g."{@code am}" or "{@code pm}".  Use of the
+ *     conversion prefix {@code 'T'} forces this output to upper case.  (Note
+ *     that {@code 'p'} produces lower-case output.  This is different from
+ *     GNU {@code date} and POSIX {@code strftime(3c)} which produce
  *     upper-case output.)
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'z'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'z'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u007a'</tt>
  *     <td> <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt">RFC&nbsp;822</a>
- *     style numeric time zone offset from GMT, e.g. <tt>-0800</tt>.  This
+ *     style numeric time zone offset from GMT, e.g. {@code -0800}.  This
  *     value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time.  For
- *     <tt>long</tt>, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
- *     the {@plainlink TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
+ *     {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
+ *     the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
  *     instance of the Java virtual machine.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'Z'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Z'}
  *     <td> A string representing the abbreviation for the time zone.  This
  *     value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time.  For
- *     <tt>long</tt>, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
- *     the {@plainlink TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
+ *     {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
+ *     the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
  *     instance of the Java virtual machine.  The Formatter's locale will
  *     supersede the locale of the argument (if any).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'s'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 's'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0073'</tt>
  *     <td> Seconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January 1970
- *     <tt>00:00:00</tt> UTC, i.e. <tt>Long.MIN_VALUE/1000</tt> to
- *     <tt>Long.MAX_VALUE/1000</tt>.
+ *     {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE/1000} to
+ *     {@code Long.MAX_VALUE/1000}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'Q'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Q'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u004f'</tt>
  *     <td> Milliseconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January
- *     1970 <tt>00:00:00</tt> UTC, i.e. <tt>Long.MIN_VALUE</tt> to
- *     <tt>Long.MAX_VALUE</tt>. The precision of this value is limited by
+ *     1970 {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE} to
+ *     {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}. The precision of this value is limited by
  *     the resolution of the underlying operating system or hardware.
  *
  * </table>
@@ -1607,71 +1607,71 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="date">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'B'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'B'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0042'</tt>
  *     <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getMonths
- *     full month name}, e.g. <tt>"January"</tt>, <tt>"February"</tt>.
+ *     full month name}, e.g. {@code "January"}, {@code "February"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'b'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'b'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0062'</tt>
  *     <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortMonths abbreviated month name},
- *     e.g. <tt>"Jan"</tt>, <tt>"Feb"</tt>.
+ *     e.g. {@code "Jan"}, {@code "Feb"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'h'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'h'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0068'</tt>
- *     <td> Same as <tt>'b'</tt>.
+ *     <td> Same as {@code 'b'}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'A'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'A'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0041'</tt>
  *     <td> Locale-specific full name of the {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getWeekdays day of the week},
- *     e.g. <tt>"Sunday"</tt>, <tt>"Monday"</tt>
+ *     e.g. {@code "Sunday"}, {@code "Monday"}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'a'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'a'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0061'</tt>
  *     <td> Locale-specific short name of the {@linkplain
  *     java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortWeekdays day of the week},
- *     e.g. <tt>"Sun"</tt>, <tt>"Mon"</tt>
+ *     e.g. {@code "Sun"}, {@code "Mon"}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'C'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'C'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0043'</tt>
- *     <td> Four-digit year divided by <tt>100</tt>, formatted as two digits
- *     with leading zero as necessary, i.e. <tt>00 - 99</tt>
+ *     <td> Four-digit year divided by {@code 100}, formatted as two digits
+ *     with leading zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'Y'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Y'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0059'</tt> <td> Year, formatted to at least
- *     four digits with leading zeros as necessary, e.g. <tt>0092</tt> equals
- *     <tt>92</tt> CE for the Gregorian calendar.
+ *     four digits with leading zeros as necessary, e.g. {@code 0092} equals
+ *     {@code 92} CE for the Gregorian calendar.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'y'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'y'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0079'</tt>
  *     <td> Last two digits of the year, formatted with leading zeros as
- *     necessary, i.e. <tt>00 - 99</tt>.
+ *     necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'j'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'j'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u006a'</tt>
  *     <td> Day of year, formatted as three digits with leading zeros as
- *     necessary, e.g. <tt>001 - 366</tt> for the Gregorian calendar.
- *     <tt>001</tt> corresponds to the first day of the year.
+ *     necessary, e.g. {@code 001 - 366} for the Gregorian calendar.
+ *     {@code 001} corresponds to the first day of the year.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'m'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'm'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u006d'</tt>
  *     <td> Month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as necessary,
- *     i.e. <tt>01 - 13</tt>, where "<tt>01</tt>" is the first month of the
- *     year and ("<tt>13</tt>" is a special value required to support lunar
+ *     i.e. {@code 01 - 13}, where "{@code 01}" is the first month of the
+ *     year and ("{@code 13}" is a special value required to support lunar
  *     calendars).
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'d'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'd'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0064'</tt>
  *     <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as
- *     necessary, i.e. <tt>01 - 31</tt>, where "<tt>01</tt>" is the first day
+ *     necessary, i.e. {@code 01 - 31}, where "{@code 01}" is the first day
  *     of the month.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'e'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'e'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0065'</tt>
- *     <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits, i.e. <tt>1 - 31</tt> where
- *     "<tt>1</tt>" is the first day of the month.
+ *     <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits, i.e. {@code 1 - 31} where
+ *     "{@code 1}" is the first day of the month.
  *
  * </table>
  *
@@ -1680,45 +1680,45 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="composites">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'R'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'R'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0052'</tt>
- *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as <tt>"%tH:%tM"</tt>
+ *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM"}
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'T'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'T'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0054'</tt>
- *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as <tt>"%tH:%tM:%tS"</tt>.
+ *     <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM:%tS"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'r'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'r'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0072'</tt>
- *     <td> Time formatted for the 12-hour clock as <tt>"%tI:%tM:%tS
- *     %Tp"</tt>.  The location of the morning or afternoon marker
- *     (<tt>'%Tp'</tt>) may be locale-dependent.
+ *     <td> Time formatted for the 12-hour clock as {@code "%tI:%tM:%tS
+ *     %Tp"}.  The location of the morning or afternoon marker
+ *     ({@code '%Tp'}) may be locale-dependent.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'D'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'D'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0044'</tt>
- *     <td> Date formatted as <tt>"%tm/%td/%ty"</tt>.
+ *     <td> Date formatted as {@code "%tm/%td/%ty"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'F'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'F'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0046'</tt>
  *     <td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">ISO&nbsp;8601</a>
- *     complete date formatted as <tt>"%tY-%tm-%td"</tt>.
+ *     complete date formatted as {@code "%tY-%tm-%td"}.
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'c'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'c'}
  *     <td valign="top"> <tt>'&#92;u0063'</tt>
- *     <td> Date and time formatted as <tt>"%ta %tb %td %tT %tZ %tY"</tt>,
- *     e.g. <tt>"Sun Jul 20 16:17:00 EDT 1969"</tt>.
+ *     <td> Date and time formatted as {@code "%ta %tb %td %tT %tZ %tY"},
+ *     e.g. {@code "Sun Jul 20 16:17:00 EDT 1969"}.
  *
  * </table>
  *
- * <p> The <tt>'-'</tt> flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
- * conversions</a> applies.  If the <tt>'#'</tt> flag is given, then a {@link
+ * <p> The {@code '-'} flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
+ * conversions</a> applies.  If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
  * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
  * <p> The <a name="dtWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters to
  * be written to the output.  If the length of the converted value is less than
- * the <tt>width</tt> then the output will be padded by spaces
+ * the {@code width} then the output will be padded by spaces
  * (<tt>'&#92;u0020'</tt>) until the total number of characters equals width.
- * The padding is on the left by default.  If the <tt>'-'</tt> flag is given
+ * The padding is on the left by default.  If the {@code '-'} flag is given
  * then the padding will be on the right.  If width is not specified then there
  * is no minimum.
  *
@@ -1731,17 +1731,17 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="DTConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'%'</tt>
- *     <td> The result is a literal <tt>'%'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0025'</tt>)
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code '%'}
+ *     <td> The result is a literal {@code '%'} (<tt>'&#92;u0025'</tt>)
  *
  * <p> The <a name="dtWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters to
- * be written to the output including the <tt>'%'</tt>.  If the length of the
- * converted value is less than the <tt>width</tt> then the output will be
+ * be written to the output including the {@code '%'}.  If the length of the
+ * converted value is less than the {@code width} then the output will be
  * padded by spaces (<tt>'&#92;u0020'</tt>) until the total number of
  * characters equals width.  The padding is on the left.  If width is not
- * specified then just the <tt>'%'</tt> is output.
+ * specified then just the {@code '%'} is output.
  *
- * <p> The <tt>'-'</tt> flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
+ * <p> The {@code '-'} flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
  * conversions</a> applies.  If any other flags are provided, then a
  * {@link FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
  *
@@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  *
  * <table cellpadding=5 summary="DTConv">
  *
- * <tr><td valign="top"><tt>'n'</tt>
+ * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'n'}
  *     <td> the platform-specific line separator as returned by {@link
  *     System#getProperty System.getProperty("line.separator")}.
  *
@@ -1775,7 +1775,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * <li> <i>Explicit indexing</i> is used when the format specifier contains an
  * argument index.  The argument index is a decimal integer indicating the
  * position of the argument in the argument list.  The first argument is
- * referenced by "<tt>1$</tt>", the second by "<tt>2$</tt>", etc.  An argument
+ * referenced by "{@code 1$}", the second by "{@code 2$}", etc.  An argument
  * may be referenced more than once.
  *
  * <p> For example:
@@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * </pre></blockquote>
  *
  * <li> <i>Relative indexing</i> is used when the format specifier contains a
- * <tt>'&lt;'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u003c'</tt>) flag which causes the argument for
+ * {@code '<'} (<tt>'&#92;u003c'</tt>) flag which causes the argument for
  * the previous format specifier to be re-used.  If there is no previous
  * argument, then a {@link MissingFormatArgumentException} is thrown.
  *
@@ -1798,7 +1798,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * </pre></blockquote>
  *
  * <li> <i>Ordinary indexing</i> is used when the format specifier contains
- * neither an argument index nor a <tt>'&lt;'</tt> flag.  Each format specifier
+ * neither an argument index nor a {@code '<'} flag.  Each format specifier
  * which uses ordinary indexing is assigned a sequential implicit index into
  * argument list which is independent of the indices used by explicit or
  * relative indexing.
@@ -1828,7 +1828,7 @@ import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
  * <p> If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments
  * are ignored.
  *
- * <p> Unless otherwise specified, passing a <tt>null</tt> argument to any
+ * <p> Unless otherwise specified, passing a {@code null} argument to any
  * method or constructor in this class will cause a {@link
  * NullPointerException} to be thrown.
  *
@@ -1876,8 +1876,8 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      * locale} for this instance of the Java virtual machine.
      *
      * @param  a
-     *         Destination for the formatted output.  If <tt>a</tt> is
-     *         <tt>null</tt> then a {@link StringBuilder} will be created.
+     *         Destination for the formatted output.  If {@code a} is
+     *         {@code null} then a {@link StringBuilder} will be created.
      */
     public Formatter(Appendable a) {
         if (a == null)
@@ -1895,7 +1895,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      *
      * @param  l
      *         The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
-     *         formatting.  If <tt>l</tt> is <tt>null</tt> then no localization
+     *         formatting.  If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
      *         is applied.
      */
     public Formatter(Locale l) {
@@ -1906,12 +1906,12 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      * Constructs a new formatter with the specified destination and locale.
      *
      * @param  a
-     *         Destination for the formatted output.  If <tt>a</tt> is
-     *         <tt>null</tt> then a {@link StringBuilder} will be created.
+     *         Destination for the formatted output.  If {@code a} is
+     *         {@code null} then a {@link StringBuilder} will be created.
      *
      * @param  l
      *         The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
-     *         formatting.  If <tt>l</tt> is <tt>null</tt> then no localization
+     *         formatting.  If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
      *         is applied.
      */
     public Formatter(Appendable a, Locale l) {
@@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      *
      * @param  l
      *         The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
-     *         formatting.  If <tt>l</tt> is <tt>null</tt> then no localization
+     *         formatting.  If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
      *         is applied.
      *
      * @throws  FileNotFoundException
@@ -2112,7 +2112,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      *
      * @param  l
      *         The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
-     *         formatting.  If <tt>l</tt> is <tt>null</tt> then no localization
+     *         formatting.  If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
      *         is applied.
      *
      * @throws  FileNotFoundException
@@ -2212,7 +2212,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      *
      * @param  l
      *         The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
-     *         formatting.  If <tt>l</tt> is <tt>null</tt> then no localization
+     *         formatting.  If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
      *         is applied.
      *
      * @throws  UnsupportedEncodingException
@@ -2237,7 +2237,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      * <p> The {@link #format(java.util.Locale,String,Object...) format} method
      * for this object which has a locale argument does not change this value.
      *
-     * @return  <tt>null</tt> if no localization is applied, otherwise a
+     * @return  {@code null} if no localization is applied, otherwise a
      *          locale
      *
      * @throws  FormatterClosedException
@@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the result of invoking <tt>toString()</tt> on the destination
+     * Returns the result of invoking {@code toString()} on the destination
      * for the output.  For example, the following code formats text into a
      * {@link StringBuilder} then retrieves the resultant string:
      *
@@ -2281,13 +2281,13 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      * <pre>
      *     out().toString() </pre>
      *
-     * <p> Depending on the specification of <tt>toString</tt> for the {@link
+     * <p> Depending on the specification of {@code toString} for the {@link
      * Appendable}, the returned string may or may not contain the characters
      * written to the destination.  For instance, buffers typically return
-     * their contents in <tt>toString()</tt>, but streams cannot since the
+     * their contents in {@code toString()}, but streams cannot since the
      * data is discarded.
      *
-     * @return  The result of invoking <tt>toString()</tt> on the destination
+     * @return  The result of invoking {@code toString()} on the destination
      *          for the output
      *
      * @throws  FormatterClosedException
@@ -2301,7 +2301,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
 
     /**
      * Flushes this formatter.  If the destination implements the {@link
-     * java.io.Flushable} interface, its <tt>flush</tt> method will be invoked.
+     * java.io.Flushable} interface, its {@code flush} method will be invoked.
      *
      * <p> Flushing a formatter writes any buffered output in the destination
      * to the underlying stream.
@@ -2323,7 +2323,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
 
     /**
      * Closes this formatter.  If the destination implements the {@link
-     * java.io.Closeable} interface, its <tt>close</tt> method will be invoked.
+     * java.io.Closeable} interface, its {@code close} method will be invoked.
      *
      * <p> Closing a formatter allows it to release resources it may be holding
      * (such as open files).  If the formatter is already closed, then invoking
@@ -2352,13 +2352,13 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the <tt>IOException</tt> last thrown by this formatter's {@link
+     * Returns the {@code IOException} last thrown by this formatter's {@link
      * Appendable}.
      *
-     * <p> If the destination's <tt>append()</tt> method never throws
-     * <tt>IOException</tt>, then this method will always return <tt>null</tt>.
+     * <p> If the destination's {@code append()} method never throws
+     * {@code IOException}, then this method will always return {@code null}.
      *
-     * @return  The last exception thrown by the Appendable or <tt>null</tt> if
+     * @return  The last exception thrown by the Appendable or {@code null} if
      *          no such exception exists.
      */
     public IOException ioException() {
@@ -2406,7 +2406,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
      *
      * @param  l
      *         The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
-     *         formatting.  If <tt>l</tt> is <tt>null</tt> then no localization
+     *         formatting.  If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
      *         is applied.  This does not change this object's locale that was
      *         set during construction.
      *
@@ -4196,7 +4196,7 @@ public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
             }
         }
 
-        // Returns a string representation of the current <tt>Flags</tt>.
+        // Returns a string representation of the current {@code Flags}.
         public static String toString(Flags f) {
             return f.toString();
         }

src/share/classes/java/util/logging/Logger.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 package java.util.logging;
 
 import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
 import java.security.*;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 
@@ -165,10 +166,11 @@ public class Logger {
     private static final int offValue = Level.OFF.intValue();
     private LogManager manager;
     private String name;
-    private ArrayList<Handler> handlers;
+    private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<Handler> handlers =
+        new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Handler>();
     private String resourceBundleName;
-    private boolean useParentHandlers = true;
-    private Filter filter;
+    private volatile boolean useParentHandlers = true;
+    private volatile Filter filter;
     private boolean anonymous;
 
     private ResourceBundle catalog;     // Cached resource bundle
@@ -180,9 +182,9 @@ public class Logger {
     private static Object treeLock = new Object();
     // We keep weak references from parents to children, but strong
     // references from children to parents.
-    private Logger parent;    // our nearest parent.
+    private volatile Logger parent;    // our nearest parent.
     private ArrayList<WeakReference<Logger>> kids;   // WeakReferences to loggers that have us as parent
-    private Level levelObject;
+    private volatile Level levelObject;
     private volatile int levelValue;  // current effective level value
 
     /**
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ public class Logger {
      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and if
      *             the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
      */
-    public synchronized void setFilter(Filter newFilter) throws SecurityException {
+    public void setFilter(Filter newFilter) throws SecurityException {
         checkAccess();
         filter = newFilter;
     }
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ public class Logger {
      *
      * @return  a filter object (may be null)
      */
-    public synchronized Filter getFilter() {
+    public Filter getFilter() {
         return filter;
     }
 
@@ -465,23 +467,18 @@ public class Logger {
         if (record.getLevel().intValue() < levelValue || levelValue == offValue) {
             return;
         }
-        synchronized (this) {
-            if (filter != null && !filter.isLoggable(record)) {
+        Filter theFilter = filter;
+        if (theFilter != null && !theFilter.isLoggable(record)) {
             return;
         }
-        }
 
         // Post the LogRecord to all our Handlers, and then to
         // our parents' handlers, all the way up the tree.
 
         Logger logger = this;
         while (logger != null) {
-            Handler targets[] = logger.getHandlers();
-
-            if (targets != null) {
-                for (int i = 0; i < targets.length; i++) {
-                    targets[i].publish(record);
-                }
+            for (Handler handler : logger.handlers) {
+                handler.publish(record);
             }
 
             if (!logger.getUseParentHandlers()) {
@@ -1182,13 +1179,10 @@ public class Logger {
      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and if
      *             the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
      */
-    public synchronized void addHandler(Handler handler) throws SecurityException {
+    public void addHandler(Handler handler) throws SecurityException {
         // Check for null handler
         handler.getClass();
         checkAccess();
-        if (handlers == null) {
-            handlers = new ArrayList<Handler>();
-        }
         handlers.add(handler);
     }
 
@@ -1201,14 +1195,11 @@ public class Logger {
      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and if
      *             the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
      */
-    public synchronized void removeHandler(Handler handler) throws SecurityException {
+    public void removeHandler(Handler handler) throws SecurityException {
         checkAccess();
         if (handler == null) {
             return;
         }
-        if (handlers == null) {
-            return;
-        }
         handlers.remove(handler);
     }
 
@@ -1217,11 +1208,8 @@ public class Logger {
      * <p>
      * @return  an array of all registered Handlers
      */
-    public synchronized Handler[] getHandlers() {
-        if (handlers == null) {
-            return emptyHandlers;
-        }
-        return handlers.toArray(new Handler[handlers.size()]);
+    public Handler[] getHandlers() {
+        return handlers.toArray(emptyHandlers);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1235,7 +1223,7 @@ public class Logger {
      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and if
      *             the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
      */
-    public synchronized void setUseParentHandlers(boolean useParentHandlers) {
+    public void setUseParentHandlers(boolean useParentHandlers) {
         checkAccess();
         this.useParentHandlers = useParentHandlers;
     }
@@ -1246,7 +1234,7 @@ public class Logger {
      *
      * @return  true if output is to be sent to the logger's parent
      */
-    public synchronized boolean getUseParentHandlers() {
+    public boolean getUseParentHandlers() {
         return useParentHandlers;
     }
 
@@ -1354,10 +1342,13 @@ public class Logger {
      * @return nearest existing parent Logger
      */
     public Logger getParent() {
-        synchronized (treeLock) {
+        // Note: this used to be synchronized on treeLock.  However, this only
+        // provided memory semantics, as there was no guarantee that the caller
+        // would synchronize on treeLock (in fact, there is no way for external
+        // callers to so synchronize).  Therefore, we have made parent volatile
+        // instead.
         return parent;
     }
-    }
 
     /**
      * Set the parent for this Logger.  This method is used by

src/share/classes/sun/misc/URLClassPath.java

@@ -25,17 +25,7 @@
 
 package sun.misc;
 
-import java.util.Enumeration;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
-import java.util.Hashtable;
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
-import java.util.Stack;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.StringTokenizer;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.*;
 import java.util.jar.JarFile;
 import sun.misc.JarIndex;
 import sun.misc.InvalidJarIndexException;
@@ -52,12 +42,7 @@ import java.net.URLConnection;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
 import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
 import java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.DataOutputStream;
-import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.*;
 import java.security.AccessController;
 import java.security.AccessControlException;
 import java.security.CodeSigner;
@@ -100,6 +85,9 @@ public class URLClassPath {
     /* The jar protocol handler to use when creating new URLs */
     private URLStreamHandler jarHandler;
 
+    /* Whether this URLClassLoader has been closed yet */
+    private boolean closed = false;
+
     /**
      * Creates a new URLClassPath for the given URLs. The URLs will be
      * searched in the order specified for classes and resources. A URL
@@ -124,6 +112,22 @@ public class URLClassPath {
         this(urls, null);
     }
 
+    public synchronized List<IOException> closeLoaders() {
+        if (closed) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+        List<IOException> result = new LinkedList<IOException>();
+        for (Loader loader : loaders) {
+            try {
+                loader.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                result.add (e);
+            }
+        }
+        closed = true;
+        return result;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Appends the specified URL to the search path of directory and JAR
      * file URLs from which to load classes and resources.
@@ -293,6 +297,9 @@ public class URLClassPath {
      * if the specified index is out of range.
      */
      private synchronized Loader getLoader(int index) {
+        if (closed) {
+            return null;
+        }
          // Expand URL search path until the request can be satisfied
          // or the URL stack is empty.
         while (loaders.size() < index + 1) {
@@ -453,7 +460,7 @@ public class URLClassPath {
      * Inner class used to represent a loader of resources and classes
      * from a base URL.
      */
-    private static class Loader {
+    private static class Loader implements Closeable {
         private final URL base;
 
         /*
@@ -544,6 +551,12 @@ public class URLClassPath {
             return getResource(name, true);
         }
 
+        /*
+         * close this loader and release all resources
+         * method overridden in sub-classes
+         */
+        public void close () throws IOException {}
+
         /*
          * Returns the local class path for this loader, or null if none.
          */
@@ -562,6 +575,7 @@ public class URLClassPath {
         private MetaIndex metaIndex;
         private URLStreamHandler handler;
         private HashMap<URL, Loader> lmap;
+        private boolean closed = false;
 
         /*
          * Creates a new JarLoader for the specified URL referring to
@@ -604,6 +618,17 @@ public class URLClassPath {
             }
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public void close () throws IOException {
+            // closing is synchronized at higher level
+            if (!closed) {
+                closed = true;
+                // in case not already open.
+                ensureOpen();
+                jar.close();
+            }
+        }
+
         JarFile getJarFile () {
             return jar;
         }

src/solaris/native/java/lang/UNIXProcess_md.c

@@ -259,6 +259,12 @@ Java_java_lang_UNIXProcess_waitForProcessExit(JNIEnv* env,
     }
 }
 
+static int
+isAsciiDigit(char c)
+{
+  return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+}
+
 static int
 closeDescriptors(void)
 {
@@ -284,7 +290,7 @@ closeDescriptors(void)
      */
     while ((dirp = readdir64(dp)) != NULL) {
         int fd;
-        if (isdigit(dirp->d_name[0]) &&
+        if (isAsciiDigit(dirp->d_name[0]) &&
             (fd = strtol(dirp->d_name, NULL, 10)) >= from_fd + 2)
             close(fd);
     }

test/java/lang/Enum/ValueOf.java

+/*
+ * Copyright 2004-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * @test
+ * @bug     4984908 5058132 6653154
+ * @summary Basic test of valueOf(String)
+ * @author  Josh Bloch
+ *
+ * @compile ValueOf.java
+ * @run main ValueOf
+ */
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+public class ValueOf {
+    static Random rnd = new Random();
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        test(Silly0.class);
+        test(Silly1.class);
+        test(Silly31.class);
+        test(Silly32.class);
+        test(Silly33.class);
+        test(Silly63.class);
+        test(Silly64.class);
+        test(Silly65.class);
+        test(Silly127.class);
+        test(Silly128.class);
+        test(Silly129.class);
+        test(Silly500.class);
+        test(Specialized.class);
+
+        testMissingException();
+    }
+
+    static <T extends Enum<T>> void test(Class<T> enumClass) throws Exception {
+        Set<T> s  = EnumSet.allOf(enumClass);
+        test(enumClass, s);
+
+        // Delete half the elements from set at random
+        for (Iterator<T> i = s.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
+            i.next();
+            if (rnd.nextBoolean())
+                i.remove();
+        }
+
+        test(enumClass, s);
+    }
+
+    static <T extends Enum<T>> void test(Class<T> enumClass, Set<T> s)
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        Method valueOf = enumClass.getDeclaredMethod("valueOf", String.class);
+        Set<T> copy  = EnumSet.noneOf(enumClass);
+        for (T e : s)
+            copy.add((T) valueOf.invoke(null, e.name()));
+        if (!copy.equals(s))
+            throw new Exception(copy + " != " + s);
+    }
+
+    static void testMissingException() {
+        try {
+            Enum.valueOf(Specialized.class, "BAZ");
+            throw new RuntimeException("Expected IllegalArgumentException not thrown.");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException iae) {
+            String message = iae.getMessage();
+            if (! "No enum constant ValueOf.Specialized.BAZ".equals(message))
+                throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected detail message: ``" + message + "''.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    enum Silly0 { };
+
+    enum Silly1 { e1 }
+
+    enum Silly31 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30
+    }
+
+    enum Silly32 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31
+    }
+
+    enum Silly33 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32
+    }
+
+    enum Silly63 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32, e33, e34, e35, e36, e37, e38, e39, e40, e41, e42, e43, e44, e45, e46,
+        e47, e48, e49, e50, e51, e52, e53, e54, e55, e56, e57, e58, e59, e60, e61,
+        e62
+    }
+
+    enum Silly64 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32, e33, e34, e35, e36, e37, e38, e39, e40, e41, e42, e43, e44, e45, e46,
+        e47, e48, e49, e50, e51, e52, e53, e54, e55, e56, e57, e58, e59, e60, e61,
+        e62, e63
+    }
+
+    enum Silly65 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32, e33, e34, e35, e36, e37, e38, e39, e40, e41, e42, e43, e44, e45, e46,
+        e47, e48, e49, e50, e51, e52, e53, e54, e55, e56, e57, e58, e59, e60, e61,
+        e62, e63, e64
+    }
+
+    enum Silly127 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32, e33, e34, e35, e36, e37, e38, e39, e40, e41, e42, e43, e44, e45, e46,
+        e47, e48, e49, e50, e51, e52, e53, e54, e55, e56, e57, e58, e59, e60, e61,
+        e62, e63, e64, e65, e66, e67, e68, e69, e70, e71, e72, e73, e74, e75, e76,
+        e77, e78, e79, e80, e81, e82, e83, e84, e85, e86, e87, e88, e89, e90, e91,
+        e92, e93, e94, e95, e96, e97, e98, e99, e100, e101, e102, e103, e104, e105,
+        e106, e107, e108, e109, e110, e111, e112, e113, e114, e115, e116, e117,
+        e118, e119, e120, e121, e122, e123, e124, e125, e126
+    }
+
+    enum Silly128 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32, e33, e34, e35, e36, e37, e38, e39, e40, e41, e42, e43, e44, e45, e46,
+        e47, e48, e49, e50, e51, e52, e53, e54, e55, e56, e57, e58, e59, e60, e61,
+        e62, e63, e64, e65, e66, e67, e68, e69, e70, e71, e72, e73, e74, e75, e76,
+        e77, e78, e79, e80, e81, e82, e83, e84, e85, e86, e87, e88, e89, e90, e91,
+        e92, e93, e94, e95, e96, e97, e98, e99, e100, e101, e102, e103, e104, e105,
+        e106, e107, e108, e109, e110, e111, e112, e113, e114, e115, e116, e117,
+        e118, e119, e120, e121, e122, e123, e124, e125, e126, e127
+    }
+
+    enum Silly129 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32, e33, e34, e35, e36, e37, e38, e39, e40, e41, e42, e43, e44, e45, e46,
+        e47, e48, e49, e50, e51, e52, e53, e54, e55, e56, e57, e58, e59, e60, e61,
+        e62, e63, e64, e65, e66, e67, e68, e69, e70, e71, e72, e73, e74, e75, e76,
+        e77, e78, e79, e80, e81, e82, e83, e84, e85, e86, e87, e88, e89, e90, e91,
+        e92, e93, e94, e95, e96, e97, e98, e99, e100, e101, e102, e103, e104, e105,
+        e106, e107, e108, e109, e110, e111, e112, e113, e114, e115, e116, e117,
+        e118, e119, e120, e121, e122, e123, e124, e125, e126, e127, e128
+    }
+
+    enum Silly500 {
+        e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14, e15, e16,
+        e17, e18, e19, e20, e21, e22, e23, e24, e25, e26, e27, e28, e29, e30, e31,
+        e32, e33, e34, e35, e36, e37, e38, e39, e40, e41, e42, e43, e44, e45, e46,
+        e47, e48, e49, e50, e51, e52, e53, e54, e55, e56, e57, e58, e59, e60, e61,
+        e62, e63, e64, e65, e66, e67, e68, e69, e70, e71, e72, e73, e74, e75, e76,
+        e77, e78, e79, e80, e81, e82, e83, e84, e85, e86, e87, e88, e89, e90, e91,
+        e92, e93, e94, e95, e96, e97, e98, e99, e100, e101, e102, e103, e104, e105,
+        e106, e107, e108, e109, e110, e111, e112, e113, e114, e115, e116, e117,
+        e118, e119, e120, e121, e122, e123, e124, e125, e126, e127, e128, e129,
+        e130, e131, e132, e133, e134, e135, e136, e137, e138, e139, e140, e141,
+        e142, e143, e144, e145, e146, e147, e148, e149, e150, e151, e152, e153,
+        e154, e155, e156, e157, e158, e159, e160, e161, e162, e163, e164, e165,
+        e166, e167, e168, e169, e170, e171, e172, e173, e174, e175, e176, e177,
+        e178, e179, e180, e181, e182, e183, e184, e185, e186, e187, e188, e189,
+        e190, e191, e192, e193, e194, e195, e196, e197, e198, e199, e200, e201,
+        e202, e203, e204, e205, e206, e207, e208, e209, e210, e211, e212, e213,
+        e214, e215, e216, e217, e218, e219, e220, e221, e222, e223, e224, e225,
+        e226, e227, e228, e229, e230, e231, e232, e233, e234, e235, e236, e237,
+        e238, e239, e240, e241, e242, e243, e244, e245, e246, e247, e248, e249,
+        e250, e251, e252, e253, e254, e255, e256, e257, e258, e259, e260, e261,
+        e262, e263, e264, e265, e266, e267, e268, e269, e270, e271, e272, e273,
+        e274, e275, e276, e277, e278, e279, e280, e281, e282, e283, e284, e285,
+        e286, e287, e288, e289, e290, e291, e292, e293, e294, e295, e296, e297,
+        e298, e299, e300, e301, e302, e303, e304, e305, e306, e307, e308, e309,
+        e310, e311, e312, e313, e314, e315, e316, e317, e318, e319, e320, e321,
+        e322, e323, e324, e325, e326, e327, e328, e329, e330, e331, e332, e333,
+        e334, e335, e336, e337, e338, e339, e340, e341, e342, e343, e344, e345,
+        e346, e347, e348, e349, e350, e351, e352, e353, e354, e355, e356, e357,
+        e358, e359, e360, e361, e362, e363, e364, e365, e366, e367, e368, e369,
+        e370, e371, e372, e373, e374, e375, e376, e377, e378, e379, e380, e381,
+        e382, e383, e384, e385, e386, e387, e388, e389, e390, e391, e392, e393,
+        e394, e395, e396, e397, e398, e399, e400, e401, e402, e403, e404, e405,
+        e406, e407, e408, e409, e410, e411, e412, e413, e414, e415, e416, e417,
+        e418, e419, e420, e421, e422, e423, e424, e425, e426, e427, e428, e429,
+        e430, e431, e432, e433, e434, e435, e436, e437, e438, e439, e440, e441,
+        e442, e443, e444, e445, e446, e447, e448, e449, e450, e451, e452, e453,
+        e454, e455, e456, e457, e458, e459, e460, e461, e462, e463, e464, e465,
+        e466, e467, e468, e469, e470, e471, e472, e473, e474, e475, e476, e477,
+        e478, e479, e480, e481, e482, e483, e484, e485, e486, e487, e488, e489,
+        e490, e491, e492, e493, e494, e495, e496, e497, e498, e499
+    }
+
+    enum Specialized {
+        FOO {
+            public void foo() {}
+        };
+        abstract public void foo();
+    };
+
+}

test/java/lang/reflect/Generics/Probe.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 /*
  * @test
- * @bug 5003916
+ * @bug 5003916 6704655
  * @summary Testing parsing of signatures attributes of nested classes
  * @author Joseph D. Darcy
  * @compile -source 1.5 Probe.java
@@ -32,8 +32,10 @@
 
 import java.lang.reflect.*;
 import java.lang.annotation.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import static java.util.Arrays.*;
 
-@Classes({
+@Classes(value={
         "java.util.concurrent.FutureTask",
         "java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$EntryIterator",
         "java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$KeyIterator",
@@ -56,7 +58,9 @@ import java.lang.annotation.*;
         "java.util.HashMap$ValueIterator",
         "java.util.LinkedHashMap$EntryIterator",
         "java.util.LinkedHashMap$KeyIterator",
-        "java.util.LinkedHashMap$ValueIterator",
+        "java.util.LinkedHashMap$ValueIterator"
+        },
+        sunClasses={
         "javax.crypto.SunJCE_c",
         "javax.crypto.SunJCE_e",
         "javax.crypto.SunJCE_f",
@@ -66,7 +70,15 @@ import java.lang.annotation.*;
         })
 public class Probe {
     public static void main (String[] args) throws Throwable {
-        String [] names = (Probe.class).getAnnotation(Classes.class).value();
+        Classes classesAnnotation = (Probe.class).getAnnotation(Classes.class);
+        List<String> names =
+            new ArrayList<String>(asList(classesAnnotation.value()));
+
+        if (System.getProperty("java.runtime.name").startsWith("Java(TM)")) {
+            // Sun production JDK; test crypto classes too
+            for(String name: classesAnnotation.sunClasses())
+                names.add(name);
+        }
 
         int errs = 0;
         for(String name: names) {
@@ -140,4 +152,5 @@ public class Probe {
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @interface Classes {
     String [] value(); // list of classes to probe
+    String [] sunClasses(); // list of Sun-production JDK specific classes to probe
 }

test/java/net/CookieHandler/TestHttpCookie.java

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 /**
  * @test
  * @summary Unit test for java.net.HttpCookie
- * @bug 6244040 6277796 6277801 6277808 6294071 6692802
+ * @bug 6244040 6277796 6277801 6277808 6294071 6692802 6790677
  * @author Edward Wang
  */
 
@@ -278,10 +278,6 @@ public class TestHttpCookie {
         .c("this is a coyote").cu("http://www.coyote.org").dsc(true)
         .d(".coyote.org").a(3600).port("80");
 
-        // illegal characters in set-cookie header
-        test("Set-Cookie2:Customer=;Version#=\"1\";Path=&\"/acme\"")
-        .nil();
-
         // empty set-cookie string
         test("").nil();
 
@@ -311,6 +307,9 @@ public class TestHttpCookie {
         test("Set-Cookie2:C1=\"V1\";Domain=\".sun1.com\";path=\"/www1\";Max-Age=\"100\",C2=\"V2\";Domain=\".sun2.com\";path=\"/www2\";Max-Age=\"200\"")
         .n(0, "C1").v(0, "V1").p(0, "/www1").a(0, 100).d(0, ".sun1.com")
         .n(1, "C2").v(1, "V2").p(1, "/www2").a(1, 200).d(1, ".sun2.com");
+
+        // Bug 6790677: Should ignore bogus attributes
+        test("Set-Cookie2:C1=\"V1\";foobar").n(0, "C1").v(0, "V1");
     }
 
     static void netscape() {

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/CloseTest.java

+/*
+ * Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @test
+ * @bug 4167874
+ * @library ../../../../com/sun/net/httpserver
+ * @build FileServerHandler
+ * @run shell build.sh
+ * @run main/othervm CloseTest
+ * @summary URL-downloaded jar files can consume all available file descriptors
+ */
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.*;
+import java.lang.reflect.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import com.sun.net.httpserver.*;
+
+public class CloseTest {
+
+    static void copyFile (String src, String dst) {
+        copyFile (new File(src), new File(dst));
+    }
+
+    static void copyDir (String src, String dst) {
+        copyDir (new File(src), new File(dst));
+    }
+
+    static void copyFile (File src, File dst) {
+        try {
+            if (!src.isFile()) {
+                throw new RuntimeException ("File not found: " + src.toString());
+            }
+            dst.delete();
+            dst.createNewFile();
+            FileInputStream i = new FileInputStream (src);
+            FileOutputStream o = new FileOutputStream (dst);
+            byte[] buf = new byte [1024];
+            int count;
+            while ((count=i.read(buf)) >= 0) {
+                o.write (buf, 0, count);
+            }
+            i.close();
+            o.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException (e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void rm_minus_rf (File path) {
+        if (!path.exists()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (path.isFile()) {
+            if (!path.delete()) {
+                throw new RuntimeException ("Could not delete " + path);
+            }
+        } else if (path.isDirectory ()) {
+            String[] names = path.list();
+            File[] files = path.listFiles();
+            for (int i=0; i<files.length; i++) {
+                rm_minus_rf (new File(path, names[i]));
+            }
+            if (!path.delete()) {
+                throw new RuntimeException ("Could not delete " + path);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException ("Trying to delete something that isn't a file or a directory");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void copyDir (File src, File dst) {
+        if (!src.isDirectory()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException ("Dir not found: " + src.toString());
+        }
+        if (dst.exists()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException ("Dir exists: " + dst.toString());
+        }
+        dst.mkdir();
+        String[] names = src.list();
+        File[] files = src.listFiles();
+        for (int i=0; i<files.length; i++) {
+            String f = names[i];
+            if (files[i].isDirectory()) {
+                copyDir (files[i], new File (dst, f));
+            } else {
+                copyFile (new File (src, f), new File (dst, f));
+            }
+            assert false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* expect is true if you expect to find it, false if you expect not to */
+    static Class loadClass (String name, URLClassLoader loader, boolean expect){
+        try {
+            Class clazz = Class.forName (name, true, loader);
+            if (!expect) {
+                throw new RuntimeException ("loadClass: "+name+" unexpected");
+            }
+            return clazz;
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            if (expect) {
+                throw new RuntimeException ("loadClass: " +name + " not found");
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+//
+// needs two jar files test1.jar and test2.jar with following structure
+//
+// com/foo/TestClass
+// com/foo/TestClass1
+// com/foo/Resource1
+// com/foo/Resource2
+//
+// and a directory hierarchy with the same structure/contents
+
+    public static void main (String args[]) throws Exception {
+
+        String workdir = System.getProperty("test.classes");
+        if (workdir == null) {
+            workdir = args[0];
+        }
+        if (!workdir.endsWith("/")) {
+            workdir = workdir+"/";
+        }
+
+        startHttpServer (workdir+"serverRoot/");
+
+        String testjar = workdir + "test.jar";
+        copyFile (workdir+"test1.jar", testjar);
+        test (testjar, 1);
+
+        // repeat test with different implementation
+        // of test.jar (whose TestClass.getValue() returns 2
+
+        copyFile (workdir+"test2.jar", testjar);
+        test (testjar, 2);
+
+        // repeat test using a directory of files
+        String testdir=workdir+"testdir/";
+        rm_minus_rf (new File(testdir));
+        copyDir (workdir+"test1/", testdir);
+        test (testdir, 1);
+
+        testdir=workdir+"testdir/";
+        rm_minus_rf (new File(testdir));
+        copyDir (workdir+"test2/", testdir);
+        test (testdir, 2);
+        getHttpServer().stop (3);
+    }
+
+    // create a loader on jarfile (or directory), plus a http loader
+    // load a class , then look for a resource
+    // also load a class from http loader
+    // then close the loader
+    // check further new classes/resources cannot be loaded
+    // check jar (or dir) can be deleted
+    // check existing classes can be loaded
+    // check boot classes can be loaded
+
+    static void test (String name, int expectedValue) throws Exception {
+        URL url = new URL ("file", null, name);
+        URL url2 = getServerURL();
+        System.out.println ("Doing tests with URL: " + url + " and " + url2);
+        URL[] urls = new URL[2];
+        urls[0] =  url;
+        urls[1] =  url2;
+        URLClassLoader loader = new URLClassLoader (urls);
+        Class testclass = loadClass ("com.foo.TestClass", loader, true);
+        Class class2 = loadClass ("Test", loader, true); // from http
+        class2.newInstance();
+        Object test = testclass.newInstance();
+        Method method = testclass.getDeclaredMethods()[0]; // int getValue();
+        int res = (Integer) method.invoke (test);
+
+        if (res != expectedValue) {
+            throw new RuntimeException ("wrong value from getValue() ["+res+
+                        "/"+expectedValue+"]");
+        }
+
+        // should find /resource1
+        URL u1 = loader.findResource ("com/foo/Resource1");
+        if (u1 == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException ("can't find com/foo/Resource1 in test1.jar");
+        }
+        loader.close ();
+
+        // should NOT find /resource2 even though it is in jar
+        URL u2 = loader.findResource ("com/foo/Resource2");
+        if (u2 != null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException ("com/foo/Resource2 unexpected in test1.jar");
+        }
+
+        // load tests
+        loadClass ("com.foo.TestClass1", loader, false);
+        loadClass ("com.foo.TestClass", loader, true);
+        loadClass ("java.awt.Button", loader, true);
+
+        // now check we can delete the path
+        rm_minus_rf (new File(name));
+        System.out.println (" ... OK");
+    }
+
+    static HttpServer httpServer;
+
+    static HttpServer getHttpServer() {
+        return httpServer;
+    }
+
+    static URL getServerURL () throws Exception {
+        int port = httpServer.getAddress().getPort();
+        String s = "http://127.0.0.1:"+port+"/";
+        return new URL(s);
+    }
+
+    static void startHttpServer (String docroot) throws Exception {
+        httpServer = HttpServer.create (new InetSocketAddress(0), 10);
+        HttpContext ctx = httpServer.createContext (
+                "/", new FileServerHandler(docroot)
+        );
+        httpServer.start();
+    }
+}

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/README

+test1 and test2 contain two different implementations of the same
+classes. They are compiled and placed into two different target directories
+and two jar files test1.jar and test2.jar.
+
+The same class is in both jars/directories, but returns a different result
+from the TestClass.getValue() method. The test does the following
+
+1. copy test1.jar to a working directory and call it test.jar
+
+2. load class and invoke method (checking result)
+
+3. close the loader
+
+4. delete test.jar (check delete succeeds)
+
+5. copy test2.jar to same dir and repeat the test
+
+6. The two tests are then repeated by copying the directories
+   test1 and test2.
+
+The loader also includes a http:// URL in its search path and a http
+server is used to serve the required class.
+
+serverRoot is used as the root directory for the http server.

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/build.sh

+#!/bin/sh
+# 
+#  Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+#  DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+# 
+#  This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+#  published by the Free Software Foundation.
+# 
+#  This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+#  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+#  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+#  version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+#  accompanied this code).
+# 
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+#  2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+#  Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+# 
+#  Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+#  CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+#  have any questions.
+# 
+#
+#
+# This script builds the test files for the test
+# but not the actual test sources themselves.
+#
+if [ "${TESTSRC}" = "" ]
+then
+  echo "TESTSRC not set.  Test cannot execute.  Failed."
+  exit 1
+fi
+echo "TESTSRC=${TESTSRC}"
+
+if [ "${TESTJAVA}" = "" ]
+then
+  echo "TESTJAVA not set.  Test cannot execute.  Failed."
+  exit 1
+fi
+echo "TESTJAVA=${TESTJAVA}"
+
+if [ "${TESTCLASSES}" = "" ]
+then
+  echo "TESTCLASSES not set.  Test cannot execute.  Failed."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+JAVAC="${TESTJAVA}/bin/javac"
+JAR="${TESTJAVA}/bin/jar"
+
+rm -rf ${TESTCLASSES}/test1
+rm -rf ${TESTCLASSES}/test2
+rm -rf ${TESTCLASSES}/serverRoot
+mkdir -p ${TESTCLASSES}/test1/com/foo
+mkdir -p ${TESTCLASSES}/test2/com/foo
+mkdir -p ${TESTCLASSES}/serverRoot
+
+cd ${TESTSRC}/test1/com/foo
+cp * ${TESTCLASSES}/test1/com/foo
+cd ${TESTCLASSES}/test1
+${JAVAC} com/foo/*.java
+${JAR} cvf ../test1.jar com/foo/*.class com/foo/Resource*
+
+cd ${TESTSRC}/test2/com/foo
+cp * ${TESTCLASSES}/test2/com/foo
+cd ${TESTCLASSES}/test2
+${JAVAC} com/foo/*.java
+${JAR} cvf ../test2.jar com/foo/*.class com/foo/Resource*
+
+cp ${TESTSRC}/serverRoot/Test.java ${TESTCLASSES}/serverRoot
+cd ${TESTCLASSES}/serverRoot
+${JAVAC} Test.java

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/serverRoot/Test.java

+/*
+ * Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+public class Test {
+    public Test () {
+        System.out.println ("Test created");
+    }
+}

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test1/com/foo/Resource1

+Hello World

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test1/com/foo/Resource2

+Hello World Again

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test1/com/foo/TestClass.java

+/*
+ * Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package com.foo;
+
+public class TestClass {
+    public int getValue () {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+public class TestClass {
+    public int getValue () {
+        return 2;
+    }
+}
+*/

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test1/com/foo/TestClass1.java

+/*
+ * Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package com.foo;
+
+public class TestClass1 {}

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test2/com/foo/Resource1

+Hello World

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test2/com/foo/Resource2

+Hello World Again

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test2/com/foo/TestClass.java

+/*
+ * Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package com.foo;
+
+/*
+public class TestClass {
+    public int getValue () {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+*/
+
+public class TestClass {
+    public int getValue () {
+        return 2;
+    }
+}

test/java/net/URLClassLoader/closetest/test2/com/foo/TestClass1.java

+/*
+ * Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package com.foo;
+
+public class TestClass1 {}