#include "builtin.h" #include "perf.h" #include "util/evsel.h" #include "util/util.h" #include "util/cache.h" #include "util/symbol.h" #include "util/thread.h" #include "util/header.h" #include "util/session.h" #include "util/parse-options.h" #include "util/trace-event.h" #include "util/debug.h" #include "util/debugfs.h" #include "util/tool.h" #include "util/stat.h" #include #include #include #include #include "../../arch/x86/include/asm/svm.h" #include "../../arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h" #include "../../arch/x86/include/asm/kvm.h" struct event_key { #define INVALID_KEY (~0ULL) u64 key; int info; }; struct kvm_events_ops { bool (*is_begin_event)(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key); bool (*is_end_event)(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key); void (*decode_key)(struct event_key *key, char decode[20]); const char *name; }; static void exit_event_get_key(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key) { key->info = 0; key->key = raw_field_value(event, "exit_reason", data); } static bool kvm_exit_event(struct event_format *event) { return !strcmp(event->name, "kvm_exit"); } static bool exit_event_begin(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key) { if (kvm_exit_event(event)) { exit_event_get_key(event, data, key); return true; } return false; } static bool kvm_entry_event(struct event_format *event) { return !strcmp(event->name, "kvm_entry"); } static bool exit_event_end(struct event_format *event, void *data __maybe_unused, struct event_key *key __maybe_unused) { return kvm_entry_event(event); } struct exit_reasons_table { unsigned long exit_code; const char *reason; }; struct exit_reasons_table vmx_exit_reasons[] = { VMX_EXIT_REASONS }; struct exit_reasons_table svm_exit_reasons[] = { SVM_EXIT_REASONS }; static int cpu_isa; static const char *get_exit_reason(u64 exit_code) { int table_size = ARRAY_SIZE(svm_exit_reasons); struct exit_reasons_table *table = svm_exit_reasons; if (cpu_isa == 1) { table = vmx_exit_reasons; table_size = ARRAY_SIZE(vmx_exit_reasons); } while (table_size--) { if (table->exit_code == exit_code) return table->reason; table++; } pr_err("unknown kvm exit code:%lld on %s\n", (unsigned long long)exit_code, cpu_isa ? "VMX" : "SVM"); return "UNKNOWN"; } static void exit_event_decode_key(struct event_key *key, char decode[20]) { const char *exit_reason = get_exit_reason(key->key); scnprintf(decode, 20, "%s", exit_reason); } static struct kvm_events_ops exit_events = { .is_begin_event = exit_event_begin, .is_end_event = exit_event_end, .decode_key = exit_event_decode_key, .name = "VM-EXIT" }; /* * For the mmio events, we treat: * the time of MMIO write: kvm_mmio(KVM_TRACE_MMIO_WRITE...) -> kvm_entry * the time of MMIO read: kvm_exit -> kvm_mmio(KVM_TRACE_MMIO_READ...). */ static void mmio_event_get_key(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key) { key->key = raw_field_value(event, "gpa", data); key->info = raw_field_value(event, "type", data); } #define KVM_TRACE_MMIO_READ_UNSATISFIED 0 #define KVM_TRACE_MMIO_READ 1 #define KVM_TRACE_MMIO_WRITE 2 static bool mmio_event_begin(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key) { /* MMIO read begin event in kernel. */ if (kvm_exit_event(event)) return true; /* MMIO write begin event in kernel. */ if (!strcmp(event->name, "kvm_mmio") && raw_field_value(event, "type", data) == KVM_TRACE_MMIO_WRITE) { mmio_event_get_key(event, data, key); return true; } return false; } static bool mmio_event_end(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key) { /* MMIO write end event in kernel. */ if (kvm_entry_event(event)) return true; /* MMIO read end event in kernel.*/ if (!strcmp(event->name, "kvm_mmio") && raw_field_value(event, "type", data) == KVM_TRACE_MMIO_READ) { mmio_event_get_key(event, data, key); return true; } return false; } static void mmio_event_decode_key(struct event_key *key, char decode[20]) { scnprintf(decode, 20, "%#lx:%s", (unsigned long)key->key, key->info == KVM_TRACE_MMIO_WRITE ? "W" : "R"); } static struct kvm_events_ops mmio_events = { .is_begin_event = mmio_event_begin, .is_end_event = mmio_event_end, .decode_key = mmio_event_decode_key, .name = "MMIO Access" }; /* The time of emulation pio access is from kvm_pio to kvm_entry. */ static void ioport_event_get_key(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key) { key->key = raw_field_value(event, "port", data); key->info = raw_field_value(event, "rw", data); } static bool ioport_event_begin(struct event_format *event, void *data, struct event_key *key) { if (!strcmp(event->name, "kvm_pio")) { ioport_event_get_key(event, data, key); return true; } return false; } static bool ioport_event_end(struct event_format *event, void *data __maybe_unused, struct event_key *key __maybe_unused) { if (kvm_entry_event(event)) return true; return false; } static void ioport_event_decode_key(struct event_key *key, char decode[20]) { scnprintf(decode, 20, "%#llx:%s", (unsigned long long)key->key, key->info ? "POUT" : "PIN"); } static struct kvm_events_ops ioport_events = { .is_begin_event = ioport_event_begin, .is_end_event = ioport_event_end, .decode_key = ioport_event_decode_key, .name = "IO Port Access" }; static const char *report_event = "vmexit"; struct kvm_events_ops *events_ops; static bool register_kvm_events_ops(void) { bool ret = true; if (!strcmp(report_event, "vmexit")) events_ops = &exit_events; else if (!strcmp(report_event, "mmio")) events_ops = &mmio_events; else if (!strcmp(report_event, "ioport")) events_ops = &ioport_events; else { pr_err("Unknown report event:%s\n", report_event); ret = false; } return ret; } struct kvm_event_stats { u64 time; struct stats stats; }; struct kvm_event { struct list_head hash_entry; struct rb_node rb; struct event_key key; struct kvm_event_stats total; #define DEFAULT_VCPU_NUM 8 int max_vcpu; struct kvm_event_stats *vcpu; }; struct vcpu_event_record { int vcpu_id; u64 start_time; struct kvm_event *last_event; }; #define EVENTS_BITS 12 #define EVENTS_CACHE_SIZE (1UL << EVENTS_BITS) static u64 total_time; static u64 total_count; static struct list_head kvm_events_cache[EVENTS_CACHE_SIZE]; static void init_kvm_event_record(void) { int i; for (i = 0; i < (int)EVENTS_CACHE_SIZE; i++) INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm_events_cache[i]); } static int kvm_events_hash_fn(u64 key) { return key & (EVENTS_CACHE_SIZE - 1); } static bool kvm_event_expand(struct kvm_event *event, int vcpu_id) { int old_max_vcpu = event->max_vcpu; if (vcpu_id < event->max_vcpu) return true; while (event->max_vcpu <= vcpu_id) event->max_vcpu += DEFAULT_VCPU_NUM; event->vcpu = realloc(event->vcpu, event->max_vcpu * sizeof(*event->vcpu)); if (!event->vcpu) { pr_err("Not enough memory\n"); return false; } memset(event->vcpu + old_max_vcpu, 0, (event->max_vcpu - old_max_vcpu) * sizeof(*event->vcpu)); return true; } static struct kvm_event *kvm_alloc_init_event(struct event_key *key) { struct kvm_event *event; event = zalloc(sizeof(*event)); if (!event) { pr_err("Not enough memory\n"); return NULL; } event->key = *key; return event; } static struct kvm_event *find_create_kvm_event(struct event_key *key) { struct kvm_event *event; struct list_head *head; BUG_ON(key->key == INVALID_KEY); head = &kvm_events_cache[kvm_events_hash_fn(key->key)]; list_for_each_entry(event, head, hash_entry) if (event->key.key == key->key && event->key.info == key->info) return event; event = kvm_alloc_init_event(key); if (!event) return NULL; list_add(&event->hash_entry, head); return event; } static bool handle_begin_event(struct vcpu_event_record *vcpu_record, struct event_key *key, u64 timestamp) { struct kvm_event *event = NULL; if (key->key != INVALID_KEY) event = find_create_kvm_event(key); vcpu_record->last_event = event; vcpu_record->start_time = timestamp; return true; } static void kvm_update_event_stats(struct kvm_event_stats *kvm_stats, u64 time_diff) { kvm_stats->time += time_diff; update_stats(&kvm_stats->stats, time_diff); } static double kvm_event_rel_stddev(int vcpu_id, struct kvm_event *event) { struct kvm_event_stats *kvm_stats = &event->total; if (vcpu_id != -1) kvm_stats = &event->vcpu[vcpu_id]; return rel_stddev_stats(stddev_stats(&kvm_stats->stats), avg_stats(&kvm_stats->stats)); } static bool update_kvm_event(struct kvm_event *event, int vcpu_id, u64 time_diff) { kvm_update_event_stats(&event->total, time_diff); if (!kvm_event_expand(event, vcpu_id)) return false; kvm_update_event_stats(&event->vcpu[vcpu_id], time_diff); return true; } static bool handle_end_event(struct vcpu_event_record *vcpu_record, struct event_key *key, u64 timestamp) { struct kvm_event *event; u64 time_begin, time_diff; event = vcpu_record->last_event; time_begin = vcpu_record->start_time; /* The begin event is not caught. */ if (!time_begin) return true; /* * In some case, the 'begin event' only records the start timestamp, * the actual event is recognized in the 'end event' (e.g. mmio-event). */ /* Both begin and end events did not get the key. */ if (!event && key->key == INVALID_KEY) return true; if (!event) event = find_create_kvm_event(key); if (!event) return false; vcpu_record->last_event = NULL; vcpu_record->start_time = 0; BUG_ON(timestamp < time_begin); time_diff = timestamp - time_begin; return update_kvm_event(event, vcpu_record->vcpu_id, time_diff); } static struct vcpu_event_record *per_vcpu_record(struct thread *thread, struct event_format *event, void *data) { /* Only kvm_entry records vcpu id. */ if (!thread->priv && kvm_entry_event(event)) { struct vcpu_event_record *vcpu_record; vcpu_record = zalloc(sizeof(struct vcpu_event_record)); if (!vcpu_record) { pr_err("Not enough memory\n"); return NULL; } vcpu_record->vcpu_id = raw_field_value(event, "vcpu_id", data); thread->priv = vcpu_record; } return (struct vcpu_event_record *)thread->priv; } static bool handle_kvm_event(struct thread *thread, struct event_format *event, void *data, u64 timestamp) { struct vcpu_event_record *vcpu_record; struct event_key key = {.key = INVALID_KEY}; vcpu_record = per_vcpu_record(thread, event, data); if (!vcpu_record) return true; if (events_ops->is_begin_event(event, data, &key)) return handle_begin_event(vcpu_record, &key, timestamp); if (events_ops->is_end_event(event, data, &key)) return handle_end_event(vcpu_record, &key, timestamp); return true; } typedef int (*key_cmp_fun)(struct kvm_event*, struct kvm_event*, int); struct kvm_event_key { const char *name; key_cmp_fun key; }; static int trace_vcpu = -1; #define GET_EVENT_KEY(func, field) \ static u64 get_event_ ##func(struct kvm_event *event, int vcpu) \ { \ if (vcpu == -1) \ return event->total.field; \ \ if (vcpu >= event->max_vcpu) \ return 0; \ \ return event->vcpu[vcpu].field; \ } #define COMPARE_EVENT_KEY(func, field) \ GET_EVENT_KEY(func, field) \ static int compare_kvm_event_ ## func(struct kvm_event *one, \ struct kvm_event *two, int vcpu)\ { \ return get_event_ ##func(one, vcpu) > \ get_event_ ##func(two, vcpu); \ } GET_EVENT_KEY(time, time); COMPARE_EVENT_KEY(count, stats.n); COMPARE_EVENT_KEY(mean, stats.mean); #define DEF_SORT_NAME_KEY(name, compare_key) \ { #name, compare_kvm_event_ ## compare_key } static struct kvm_event_key keys[] = { DEF_SORT_NAME_KEY(sample, count), DEF_SORT_NAME_KEY(time, mean), { NULL, NULL } }; static const char *sort_key = "sample"; static key_cmp_fun compare; static bool select_key(void) { int i; for (i = 0; keys[i].name; i++) { if (!strcmp(keys[i].name, sort_key)) { compare = keys[i].key; return true; } } pr_err("Unknown compare key:%s\n", sort_key); return false; } static struct rb_root result; static void insert_to_result(struct kvm_event *event, key_cmp_fun bigger, int vcpu) { struct rb_node **rb = &result.rb_node; struct rb_node *parent = NULL; struct kvm_event *p; while (*rb) { p = container_of(*rb, struct kvm_event, rb); parent = *rb; if (bigger(event, p, vcpu)) rb = &(*rb)->rb_left; else rb = &(*rb)->rb_right; } rb_link_node(&event->rb, parent, rb); rb_insert_color(&event->rb, &result); } static void update_total_count(struct kvm_event *event, int vcpu) { total_count += get_event_count(event, vcpu); total_time += get_event_time(event, vcpu); } static bool event_is_valid(struct kvm_event *event, int vcpu) { return !!get_event_count(event, vcpu); } static void sort_result(int vcpu) { unsigned int i; struct kvm_event *event; for (i = 0; i < EVENTS_CACHE_SIZE; i++) list_for_each_entry(event, &kvm_events_cache[i], hash_entry) if (event_is_valid(event, vcpu)) { update_total_count(event, vcpu); insert_to_result(event, compare, vcpu); } } /* returns left most element of result, and erase it */ static struct kvm_event *pop_from_result(void) { struct rb_node *node = rb_first(&result); if (!node) return NULL; rb_erase(node, &result); return container_of(node, struct kvm_event, rb); } static void print_vcpu_info(int vcpu) { pr_info("Analyze events for "); if (vcpu == -1) pr_info("all VCPUs:\n\n"); else pr_info("VCPU %d:\n\n", vcpu); } static void print_result(int vcpu) { char decode[20]; struct kvm_event *event; pr_info("\n\n"); print_vcpu_info(vcpu); pr_info("%20s ", events_ops->name); pr_info("%10s ", "Samples"); pr_info("%9s ", "Samples%"); pr_info("%9s ", "Time%"); pr_info("%16s ", "Avg time"); pr_info("\n\n"); while ((event = pop_from_result())) { u64 ecount, etime; ecount = get_event_count(event, vcpu); etime = get_event_time(event, vcpu); events_ops->decode_key(&event->key, decode); pr_info("%20s ", decode); pr_info("%10llu ", (unsigned long long)ecount); pr_info("%8.2f%% ", (double)ecount / total_count * 100); pr_info("%8.2f%% ", (double)etime / total_time * 100); pr_info("%9.2fus ( +-%7.2f%% )", (double)etime / ecount/1e3, kvm_event_rel_stddev(vcpu, event)); pr_info("\n"); } pr_info("\nTotal Samples:%lld, Total events handled time:%.2fus.\n\n", (unsigned long long)total_count, total_time / 1e3); } static int process_sample_event(struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused, union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample, struct perf_evsel *evsel, struct machine *machine) { struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, sample->tid); if (thread == NULL) { pr_debug("problem processing %d event, skipping it.\n", event->header.type); return -1; } if (!handle_kvm_event(thread, evsel->tp_format, sample->raw_data, sample->time)) return -1; return 0; } static struct perf_tool eops = { .sample = process_sample_event, .comm = perf_event__process_comm, .ordered_samples = true, }; static int get_cpu_isa(struct perf_session *session) { char *cpuid; int isa; cpuid = perf_header__read_feature(session, HEADER_CPUID); if (!cpuid) { pr_err("read HEADER_CPUID failed.\n"); return -ENOTSUP; } if (strstr(cpuid, "Intel")) isa = 1; else if (strstr(cpuid, "AMD")) isa = 0; else { pr_err("CPU %s is not supported.\n", cpuid); isa = -ENOTSUP; } free(cpuid); return isa; } static const char *file_name; static int read_events(void) { struct perf_session *kvm_session; int ret; kvm_session = perf_session__new(file_name, O_RDONLY, 0, false, &eops); if (!kvm_session) { pr_err("Initializing perf session failed\n"); return -EINVAL; } if (!perf_session__has_traces(kvm_session, "kvm record")) return -EINVAL; /* * Do not use 'isa' recorded in kvm_exit tracepoint since it is not * traced in the old kernel. */ ret = get_cpu_isa(kvm_session); if (ret < 0) return ret; cpu_isa = ret; return perf_session__process_events(kvm_session, &eops); } static bool verify_vcpu(int vcpu) { if (vcpu != -1 && vcpu < 0) { pr_err("Invalid vcpu:%d.\n", vcpu); return false; } return true; } static int kvm_events_report_vcpu(int vcpu) { int ret = -EINVAL; if (!verify_vcpu(vcpu)) goto exit; if (!select_key()) goto exit; if (!register_kvm_events_ops()) goto exit; init_kvm_event_record(); setup_pager(); ret = read_events(); if (ret) goto exit; sort_result(vcpu); print_result(vcpu); exit: return ret; } static const char * const record_args[] = { "record", "-R", "-f", "-m", "1024", "-c", "1", "-e", "kvm:kvm_entry", "-e", "kvm:kvm_exit", "-e", "kvm:kvm_mmio", "-e", "kvm:kvm_pio", }; #define STRDUP_FAIL_EXIT(s) \ ({ char *_p; \ _p = strdup(s); \ if (!_p) \ return -ENOMEM; \ _p; \ }) static int kvm_events_record(int argc, const char **argv) { unsigned int rec_argc, i, j; const char **rec_argv; rec_argc = ARRAY_SIZE(record_args) + argc + 2; rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *)); if (rec_argv == NULL) return -ENOMEM; for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(record_args); i++) rec_argv[i] = STRDUP_FAIL_EXIT(record_args[i]); rec_argv[i++] = STRDUP_FAIL_EXIT("-o"); rec_argv[i++] = STRDUP_FAIL_EXIT(file_name); for (j = 1; j < (unsigned int)argc; j++, i++) rec_argv[i] = argv[j]; return cmd_record(i, rec_argv, NULL); } static const char * const kvm_events_report_usage[] = { "perf kvm stat report []", NULL }; static const struct option kvm_events_report_options[] = { OPT_STRING(0, "event", &report_event, "report event", "event for reporting: vmexit, mmio, ioport"), OPT_INTEGER(0, "vcpu", &trace_vcpu, "vcpu id to report"), OPT_STRING('k', "key", &sort_key, "sort-key", "key for sorting: sample(sort by samples number)" " time (sort by avg time)"), OPT_END() }; static int kvm_events_report(int argc, const char **argv) { symbol__init(); if (argc) { argc = parse_options(argc, argv, kvm_events_report_options, kvm_events_report_usage, 0); if (argc) usage_with_options(kvm_events_report_usage, kvm_events_report_options); } return kvm_events_report_vcpu(trace_vcpu); } static void print_kvm_stat_usage(void) { printf("Usage: perf kvm stat \n\n"); printf("# Available commands:\n"); printf("\trecord: record kvm events\n"); printf("\treport: report statistical data of kvm events\n"); printf("\nOtherwise, it is the alias of 'perf stat':\n"); } static int kvm_cmd_stat(int argc, const char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { print_kvm_stat_usage(); goto perf_stat; } if (!strncmp(argv[1], "rec", 3)) return kvm_events_record(argc - 1, argv + 1); if (!strncmp(argv[1], "rep", 3)) return kvm_events_report(argc - 1 , argv + 1); perf_stat: return cmd_stat(argc, argv, NULL); } static char name_buffer[256]; static const char * const kvm_usage[] = { "perf kvm [] {top|record|report|diff|buildid-list|stat}", NULL }; static const struct option kvm_options[] = { OPT_STRING('i', "input", &file_name, "file", "Input file name"), OPT_STRING('o', "output", &file_name, "file", "Output file name"), OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "guest", &perf_guest, "Collect guest os data"), OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "host", &perf_host, "Collect host os data"), OPT_STRING(0, "guestmount", &symbol_conf.guestmount, "directory", "guest mount directory under which every guest os" " instance has a subdir"), OPT_STRING(0, "guestvmlinux", &symbol_conf.default_guest_vmlinux_name, "file", "file saving guest os vmlinux"), OPT_STRING(0, "guestkallsyms", &symbol_conf.default_guest_kallsyms, "file", "file saving guest os /proc/kallsyms"), OPT_STRING(0, "guestmodules", &symbol_conf.default_guest_modules, "file", "file saving guest os /proc/modules"), OPT_END() }; static int __cmd_record(int argc, const char **argv) { int rec_argc, i = 0, j; const char **rec_argv; rec_argc = argc + 2; rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *)); rec_argv[i++] = strdup("record"); rec_argv[i++] = strdup("-o"); rec_argv[i++] = strdup(file_name); for (j = 1; j < argc; j++, i++) rec_argv[i] = argv[j]; BUG_ON(i != rec_argc); return cmd_record(i, rec_argv, NULL); } static int __cmd_report(int argc, const char **argv) { int rec_argc, i = 0, j; const char **rec_argv; rec_argc = argc + 2; rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *)); rec_argv[i++] = strdup("report"); rec_argv[i++] = strdup("-i"); rec_argv[i++] = strdup(file_name); for (j = 1; j < argc; j++, i++) rec_argv[i] = argv[j]; BUG_ON(i != rec_argc); return cmd_report(i, rec_argv, NULL); } static int __cmd_buildid_list(int argc, const char **argv) { int rec_argc, i = 0, j; const char **rec_argv; rec_argc = argc + 2; rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *)); rec_argv[i++] = strdup("buildid-list"); rec_argv[i++] = strdup("-i"); rec_argv[i++] = strdup(file_name); for (j = 1; j < argc; j++, i++) rec_argv[i] = argv[j]; BUG_ON(i != rec_argc); return cmd_buildid_list(i, rec_argv, NULL); } int cmd_kvm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __maybe_unused) { perf_host = 0; perf_guest = 1; argc = parse_options(argc, argv, kvm_options, kvm_usage, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION); if (!argc) usage_with_options(kvm_usage, kvm_options); if (!perf_host) perf_guest = 1; if (!file_name) { if (perf_host && !perf_guest) sprintf(name_buffer, "perf.data.host"); else if (!perf_host && perf_guest) sprintf(name_buffer, "perf.data.guest"); else sprintf(name_buffer, "perf.data.kvm"); file_name = name_buffer; } if (!strncmp(argv[0], "rec", 3)) return __cmd_record(argc, argv); else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "rep", 3)) return __cmd_report(argc, argv); else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "diff", 4)) return cmd_diff(argc, argv, NULL); else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "top", 3)) return cmd_top(argc, argv, NULL); else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "buildid-list", 12)) return __cmd_buildid_list(argc, argv); else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "stat", 4)) return kvm_cmd_stat(argc, argv); else usage_with_options(kvm_usage, kvm_options); return 0; }