The SGI XFS Filesystem ====================== XFS is a high performance journaling filesystem which originated on the SGI IRIX platform. It is completely multi-threaded, can support large files and large filesystems, extended attributes, variable block sizes, is extent based, and makes extensive use of Btrees (directories, extents, free space) to aid both performance and scalability. Refer to the documentation at http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/ for further details. This implementation is on-disk compatible with the IRIX version of XFS. Mount Options ============= When mounting an XFS filesystem, the following options are accepted. allocsize=size Sets the buffered I/O end-of-file preallocation size when doing delayed allocation writeout (default size is 64KiB). Valid values for this option are page size (typically 4KiB) through to 1GiB, inclusive, in power-of-2 increments. attr2/noattr2 The options enable/disable (default is disabled for backward compatibility on-disk) an "opportunistic" improvement to be made in the way inline extended attributes are stored on-disk. When the new form is used for the first time (by setting or removing extended attributes) the on-disk superblock feature bit field will be updated to reflect this format being in use. barrier Enables the use of block layer write barriers for writes into the journal and unwritten extent conversion. This allows for drive level write caching to be enabled, for devices that support write barriers. dmapi Enable the DMAPI (Data Management API) event callouts. Use with the "mtpt" option. grpid/bsdgroups and nogrpid/sysvgroups These options define what group ID a newly created file gets. When grpid is set, it takes the group ID of the directory in which it is created; otherwise (the default) it takes the fsgid of the current process, unless the directory has the setgid bit set, in which case it takes the gid from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set if it is a directory itself. ihashsize=value In memory inode hashes have been removed, so this option has no function as of August 2007. Option is deprecated. ikeep/noikeep When ikeep is specified, XFS does not delete empty inode clusters and keeps them around on disk. ikeep is the traditional XFS behaviour. When noikeep is specified, empty inode clusters are returned to the free space pool. The default is noikeep. inode64 Indicates that XFS is allowed to create inodes at any location in the filesystem, including those which will result in inode numbers occupying more than 32 bits of significance. This is provided for backwards compatibility, but causes problems for backup applications that cannot handle large inode numbers. largeio/nolargeio If "nolargeio" is specified, the optimal I/O reported in st_blksize by stat(2) will be as small as possible to allow user applications to avoid inefficient read/modify/write I/O. If "largeio" specified, a filesystem that has a "swidth" specified will return the "swidth" value (in bytes) in st_blksize. If the filesystem does not have a "swidth" specified but does specify an "allocsize" then "allocsize" (in bytes) will be returned instead. If neither of these two options are specified, then filesystem will behave as if "nolargeio" was specified. logbufs=value Set the number of in-memory log buffers. Valid numbers range from 2-8 inclusive. The default value is 8 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 64KiB, 4 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 32KiB, 3 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 16KiB and 2 buffers for all other configurations. Increasing the number of buffers may increase performance on some workloads at the cost of the memory used for the additional log buffers and their associated control structures. logbsize=value Set the size of each in-memory log buffer. Size may be specified in bytes, or in kilobytes with a "k" suffix. Valid sizes for version 1 and version 2 logs are 16384 (16k) and 32768 (32k). Valid sizes for version 2 logs also include 65536 (64k), 131072 (128k) and 262144 (256k). The default value for machines with more than 32MiB of memory is 32768, machines with less memory use 16384 by default. logdev=device and rtdev=device Use an external log (metadata journal) and/or real-time device. An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log section, and a real-time section. The real-time section is optional, and the log section can be separate from the data section or contained within it. mtpt=mountpoint Use with the "dmapi" option. The value specified here will be included in the DMAPI mount event, and should be the path of the actual mountpoint that is used. noalign Data allocations will not be aligned at stripe unit boundaries. noatime Access timestamps are not updated when a file is read. norecovery The filesystem will be mounted without running log recovery. If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to be inconsistent when mounted in "norecovery" mode. Some files or directories may not be accessible because of this. Filesystems mounted "norecovery" must be mounted read-only or the mount will fail. nouuid Don't check for double mounted file systems using the file system uuid. This is useful to mount LVM snapshot volumes. osyncisosync Make O_SYNC writes implement true O_SYNC. WITHOUT this option, Linux XFS behaves as if an "osyncisdsync" option is used, which will make writes to files opened with the O_SYNC flag set behave as if the O_DSYNC flag had been used instead. This can result in better performance without compromising data safety. However if this option is not in effect, timestamp updates from O_SYNC writes can be lost if the system crashes. If timestamp updates are critical, use the osyncisosync option. uquota/usrquota/uqnoenforce/quota User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally) enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details. gquota/grpquota/gqnoenforce Group disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally) enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details. pquota/prjquota/pqnoenforce Project disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally) enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details. sunit=value and swidth=value Used to specify the stripe unit and width for a RAID device or a stripe volume. "value" must be specified in 512-byte block units. If this option is not specified and the filesystem was made on a stripe volume or the stripe width or unit were specified for the RAID device at mkfs time, then the mount system call will restore the value from the superblock. For filesystems that are made directly on RAID devices, these options can be used to override the information in the superblock if the underlying disk layout changes after the filesystem has been created. The "swidth" option is required if the "sunit" option has been specified, and must be a multiple of the "sunit" value. swalloc Data allocations will be rounded up to stripe width boundaries when the current end of file is being extended and the file size is larger than the stripe width size. sysctls ======= The following sysctls are available for the XFS filesystem: fs.xfs.stats_clear (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 1) Setting this to "1" clears accumulated XFS statistics in /proc/fs/xfs/stat. It then immediately resets to "0". fs.xfs.xfssyncd_centisecs (Min: 100 Default: 3000 Max: 720000) The interval at which the xfssyncd thread flushes metadata out to disk. This thread will flush log activity out, and do some processing on unlinked inodes. fs.xfs.xfsbufd_centisecs (Min: 50 Default: 100 Max: 3000) The interval at which xfsbufd scans the dirty metadata buffers list. fs.xfs.age_buffer_centisecs (Min: 100 Default: 1500 Max: 720000) The age at which xfsbufd flushes dirty metadata buffers to disk. fs.xfs.error_level (Min: 0 Default: 3 Max: 11) A volume knob for error reporting when internal errors occur. This will generate detailed messages & backtraces for filesystem shutdowns, for example. Current threshold values are: XFS_ERRLEVEL_OFF: 0 XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW: 1 XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH: 5 fs.xfs.panic_mask (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 127) Causes certain error conditions to call BUG(). Value is a bitmask; AND together the tags which represent errors which should cause panics: XFS_NO_PTAG 0 XFS_PTAG_IFLUSH 0x00000001 XFS_PTAG_LOGRES 0x00000002 XFS_PTAG_AILDELETE 0x00000004 XFS_PTAG_ERROR_REPORT 0x00000008 XFS_PTAG_SHUTDOWN_CORRUPT 0x00000010 XFS_PTAG_SHUTDOWN_IOERROR 0x00000020 XFS_PTAG_SHUTDOWN_LOGERROR 0x00000040 This option is intended for debugging only. fs.xfs.irix_symlink_mode (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 1) Controls whether symlinks are created with mode 0777 (default) or whether their mode is affected by the umask (irix mode). fs.xfs.irix_sgid_inherit (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 1) Controls files created in SGID directories. If the group ID of the new file does not match the effective group ID or one of the supplementary group IDs of the parent dir, the ISGID bit is cleared if the irix_sgid_inherit compatibility sysctl is set. fs.xfs.restrict_chown (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1) Controls whether unprivileged users can use chown to "give away" a file to another user. fs.xfs.inherit_sync (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1) Setting this to "1" will cause the "sync" flag set by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be inherited by files in that directory. fs.xfs.inherit_nodump (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1) Setting this to "1" will cause the "nodump" flag set by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be inherited by files in that directory. fs.xfs.inherit_noatime (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1) Setting this to "1" will cause the "noatime" flag set by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be inherited by files in that directory. fs.xfs.inherit_nosymlinks (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1) Setting this to "1" will cause the "nosymlinks" flag set by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be inherited by files in that directory. fs.xfs.rotorstep (Min: 1 Default: 1 Max: 256) In "inode32" allocation mode, this option determines how many files the allocator attempts to allocate in the same allocation group before moving to the next allocation group. The intent is to control the rate at which the allocator moves between allocation groups when allocating extents for new files.