diff --git a/imperative/python/megengine/core/_wrap.py b/imperative/python/megengine/core/_wrap.py
index f165050926452d835ef8efe6c82b9d28c2456a87..c5118b7ee1f9910de7285f75f97fe742debf3dd1 100644
--- a/imperative/python/megengine/core/_wrap.py
+++ b/imperative/python/megengine/core/_wrap.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 
 from ._imperative_rt import CompNode
+from ._imperative_rt.core2 import set_py_device_type
 
 
 class Device:
@@ -53,3 +54,6 @@ def as_device(obj):
     if isinstance(obj, Device):
         return obj
     return Device(obj)
+
+
+set_py_device_type(Device)
diff --git a/imperative/python/megengine/tensor.py b/imperative/python/megengine/tensor.py
index 080106dfb062930aba96c9e3610e87d5bfc6fde7..1a2bf4708f77150d765f614e34c3e92abd174941 100644
--- a/imperative/python/megengine/tensor.py
+++ b/imperative/python/megengine/tensor.py
@@ -72,39 +72,6 @@ class Tensor(_Tensor, ArrayMethodMixin):
     _short_name = None
     _prefix = None
 
-    def __new__(
-        cls,
-        data: Union["Tensor", np.ndarray, list, int, float] = None,
-        dtype: np.dtype = None,
-        device: str = None,
-        is_const: bool = False,
-        no_cache: bool = False,
-        name: str = None,
-    ):
-        if data is None:
-            data = []
-        if device is None:
-            cn = get_default_device()
-        elif isinstance(device, str):
-            if cls.dmap_callback is not None:
-                cn = CompNode(cls.dmap_callback(device))
-            else:
-                cn = CompNode(device)
-        else:
-            if isinstance(device, CompNode):
-                cn = device
-            else:
-                cn = device._cn
-
-        if isinstance(data, _Tensor):
-            obj = _Tensor.__new__(cls, data)
-        else:
-            if isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
-                if 0 in data.strides:
-                    data = data.squeeze().reshape(data.shape)
-            obj = _Tensor.__new__(cls, data, dtype, cn, is_const, no_cache, name)
-        return obj
-
     def __init__(
         self,
         data: Union["Tensor", np.ndarray, list, int, float],
diff --git a/imperative/python/src/common.cpp b/imperative/python/src/common.cpp
index 90e09aea93a8f910b83d558513283a36ece5502f..cb71c0c8789f946e20c79ec3ee9d69aab37c8115 100644
--- a/imperative/python/src/common.cpp
+++ b/imperative/python/src/common.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "./common.h"
 
 #include <pybind11/operators.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
 
 #include "./helper.h"
 #include "./numpy_dtypes.h"
@@ -56,6 +57,8 @@ std::string get_default_device() {
     return default_device;
 }
 
+py::handle py_comp_node_type;
+
 void init_common(py::module m) {
     auto PyCompNode =
             py::class_<CompNode>(m, "CompNode")
@@ -117,6 +120,8 @@ void init_common(py::module m) {
                             },
                             [](py::str cn) { return CompNode::load(cn); }));
 
+    py_comp_node_type = PyCompNode.inc_ref();
+
     py::class_<CompNode::Event, std::shared_ptr<CompNode::Event>>(PyCompNode, "Event")
             .def("record", &CompNode::Event::record)
             .def("wait", &CompNode::Event::host_wait);
diff --git a/imperative/python/src/common.h b/imperative/python/src/common.h
index 9f250e1b4a98442e93b712e1c6ea6d419c6c4d16..ca10f0425a625f39df1599af97b79235720b931d 100644
--- a/imperative/python/src/common.h
+++ b/imperative/python/src/common.h
@@ -16,4 +16,6 @@
 void init_common(pybind11::module m);
 
 void set_default_device(const std::string& device);
-std::string get_default_device();
\ No newline at end of file
+std::string get_default_device();
+
+extern pybind11::handle py_comp_node_type;
diff --git a/imperative/python/src/tensor.cpp b/imperative/python/src/tensor.cpp
index 5d07b7cce542b462b7b775f23c0abf127ce8c58f..0f2197454cfb23c51c2006984f7dbcaf77ff6fc8 100644
--- a/imperative/python/src/tensor.cpp
+++ b/imperative/python/src/tensor.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <pybind11/operators.h>
 #include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
 #include <pyerrors.h>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <range/v3/all.hpp>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ struct SymbolVarContext {
 
 interpreter::Interpreter::Channel* interpreter_for_py = nullptr;
 PyTypeObject* py_tensor_type = nullptr;
+pybind11::handle py_device_type = nullptr;
 PyObject* cpp_use_symbolic_shape;
 
 #define REGISTE_APPLY_FUNC(mode) \
@@ -233,70 +235,410 @@ PyObject* py_apply(
     PYEXT17_TRANSLATE_EXC_RET(nullptr)
 }
 
-TensorWrapper::TensorWrapper(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
-    if (kwargs && PyDict_Size(kwargs)) {
-        throw py::type_error("keyword argument not allowed");
+namespace {
+
+template <typename T>
+py::handle py_type() {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, py::int_>) {
+        return (PyObject*)&PyLong_Type;
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, py::float_>) {
+        return (PyObject*)&PyFloat_Type;
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, py::tuple>) {
+        return (PyObject*)&PyTuple_Type;
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, py::list>) {
+        return (PyObject*)&PyList_Type;
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, T>);
     }
-    auto nargs = PyTuple_Size(args);
-    auto tup = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::tuple>(args);
-    if (nargs == 0) {
-        throw py::type_error("too few arguments");
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+auto scalar2storage(T val, CompNode cn, DType dtype) {
+    using max_ctype_t = DTypeScalar::max_ctype;
+    DTypeScalar scalar(dtype);
+    scalar.set_retain_dtype(val);
+    HostTensorStorage storage(cn);
+    auto* raw_ptr = reinterpret_cast<dt_byte*>(new max_ctype_t());
+    std::shared_ptr<dt_byte> raw_storage = {
+            raw_ptr, [](dt_byte* ptr) { delete reinterpret_cast<max_ctype_t*>(ptr); }};
+    storage.only_reset_raw_storage(cn, dtype.size(), raw_storage, 0);
+    std::memcpy(storage.ptr(), scalar.storage(), dtype.size());
+    return HostStorage::make(std::move(storage));
+}
+
+template <typename ctype>
+auto vec2storage(Span<DTypeScalar> vec, CompNode cn, DType dtype) {
+    mgb_assert(vec.size() <= MEGDNN_MAX_NDIM);
+    // TODO: use storage cache and modify ConstTensorCache to return (Host, Device)
+    auto* raw_ptr = new ctype[MEGDNN_MAX_NDIM];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) {
+        raw_ptr[i] = vec[i].get_cast<ctype>();
     }
-    if (auto* t = try_cast(tup[0].ptr())) {
-        if (nargs > 1) {
-            throw py::type_error("expect 1 argument");
+    mgb_assert(sizeof(ctype) == dtype.size());
+    std::shared_ptr<dt_byte> raw_storage = {
+            reinterpret_cast<dt_byte*>(raw_ptr),
+            [](dt_byte* ptr) { delete[] reinterpret_cast<ctype*>(ptr); }};
+    HostTensorStorage storage(cn);
+    storage.only_reset_raw_storage(cn, sizeof(ctype) * vec.size(), raw_storage, 0);
+    return HostStorage::make(std::move(storage));
+}
+
+struct HostTensorArgs {
+    ValueShape shape;
+    DType dtype;
+    HostStorage::ref_t storage;
+
+    HostTensorND as_tensor_nd() const {
+        HostTensorND ret(CompNode::default_cpu(), shape.as_tensor_shape(), dtype);
+        ret.only_reset_raw_storage(*storage);
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename seq_type, typename ctype>
+bool pyseq2hval(seq_type obj, CompNode cn, DType dtype, HostTensorArgs& ret) {
+    auto size = obj.size();
+    if (size > MEGDNN_MAX_NDIM) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    ctype items[size];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        py::handle item = obj[i];
+        if (item.get_type().is(py_type<py::int_>())) {
+            items[i] = (ctype)(dt_int32)item.template cast<py::int_>();
+        } else if (item.get_type().is(py_type<py::float_>())) {
+            items[i] = (ctype)(dt_float32)item.template cast<py::float_>();
+        } else {
+            return false;
         }
-        m_tensor = t->m_tensor->copy();
-    } else {
-        if (nargs == 1) {
-            auto arg0 = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);
-            // for DeviceTensorND
-            if (strstr(arg0->ob_type->tp_name, "DeviceTensorND")) {
-                auto dv = py::handle(arg0).cast<DeviceTensorND>();
-                m_tensor = std::make_shared<Tensor>(imperative::apply(
-                        CreateTensor(CreateTensor::Common, dv.comp_node(), dv.layout()),
-                        DeviceStorage::make(dv.storage()))[0]);
-            } else {
-                throw py::type_error(
-                        "single argument is not tensor, varnode or devicetensor");
+    }
+    mgb_assert(sizeof(ctype) == dtype.size());
+    auto* raw_ptr = new ctype[size];
+    std::shared_ptr<dt_byte> raw_storage = {
+            reinterpret_cast<dt_byte*>(raw_ptr),
+            [](dt_byte* ptr) { delete[] reinterpret_cast<ctype*>(ptr); }};
+    HostTensorStorage storage(cn);
+    storage.only_reset_raw_storage(cn, sizeof(ctype) * size, raw_storage, 0);
+    std::memcpy(storage.ptr(), items, sizeof(ctype) * size);
+    ret.dtype = dtype;
+    ret.shape = {size};
+    ret.storage = HostStorage::make(std::move(storage));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template <typename seq_type>
+bool pyseq2hval(seq_type obj, CompNode cn, HostTensorArgs& ret) {
+    auto size = obj.size();
+    if (size > MEGDNN_MAX_NDIM) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    DTypeScalar items[size];
+    DType dtype;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        auto&& item = obj[i];
+        if (item.get_type().is(py_type<py::int_>())) {
+            items[i] = (dt_int32)item.template cast<py::int_>();
+            if (!dtype.valid()) {
+                dtype = dtype::Int32();
+            } else if (dtype != dtype::Int32() && dtype != dtype::Float32()) {
+                return false;
             }
+        } else if (item.get_type().is(py_type<py::float_>())) {
+            items[i] = (dt_float32)item.template cast<py::float_>();
+            if (!dtype.valid()) {
+                dtype = dtype::Float32();
+            } else if (dtype == dtype::Int32()) {
+                dtype = dtype::Float32();
+            } else if (dtype != dtype::Float32()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!dtype.valid()) {
+        dtype = dtype::Float32();
+    }
+    ret.dtype = dtype;
+    ret.shape = {size};
+    if (dtype == dtype::Int32()) {
+        ret.storage = vec2storage<dt_int32>({items, size}, cn, dtype);
+    } else if (dtype == dtype::Float32()) {
+        ret.storage = vec2storage<dt_float32>({items, size}, cn, dtype);
+    } else {
+        mgb_assert(false);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+template <typename seq_type>
+bool pyseq2hval(seq_type obj, CompNode cn, DType dtype, HostTensorArgs& ret) {
+    if (dtype == dtype::Int32()) {
+        return pyseq2hval<seq_type, dt_int32>(obj, cn, dtype, ret);
+    } else if (dtype == dtype::Float32()) {
+        return pyseq2hval<seq_type, dt_float32>(obj, cn, dtype, ret);
+    } else if (!dtype.valid()) {
+        return pyseq2hval<seq_type>(obj, cn, ret);
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool pyarr2hval(py::array obj, CompNode cn, DType dtype, HostTensorArgs& ret) {
+    auto data = obj.cast<py::array>();
+    auto strides = data.strides();
+    bool need_squeeze = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < data.ndim(); ++i) {
+        if (strides[i] == 0) {
+            need_squeeze = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (need_squeeze) {
+        std::vector<size_t> shape;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < data.ndim(); ++i) {
+            shape.push_back(data.shape(i));
+        }
+        data = data.squeeze();
+        data.resize(shape);
+    }
+    HostTensorND retnd(cn);
+    retnd = npy::np2tensor(data.ptr(), npy::Meth::copy_into(&retnd), dtype);
+    if (!dtype.valid()) {
+        dtype = retnd.dtype();
+    }
+    mgb_assert(
+            retnd.layout().is_empty() || retnd.layout().is_contiguous(),
+            "host value should be continuous");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < data.ndim(); ++i) {
+        ret.shape[ret.shape.ndim++] = data.shape(i);
+    }
+    ret.dtype = dtype;
+    ret.storage = HostStorage::make(retnd.storage());
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pyint2hval(py::int_ obj, CompNode cn, DType dtype, HostTensorArgs& ret) {
+    if (!dtype.valid()) {
+        dtype = dtype::Int32();
+    }
+    ret.dtype = dtype;
+    ret.storage = scalar2storage((dt_int32)obj, cn, dtype);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pyfloat2hval(py::float_ obj, CompNode cn, DType dtype, HostTensorArgs& ret) {
+    if (!dtype.valid()) {
+        dtype = dtype::Float32();
+    }
+    ret.dtype = dtype;
+    ret.storage = scalar2storage((dt_float32)obj, cn, dtype);
+    return true;
+}
+
+HostTensorArgs pyobj2hval(py::object obj, CompNode cn, DType dtype) {
+    HostTensorArgs ret;
+    bool success = false;
+    // check order: float -> int -> tuple(int -> float) -> list(int -> float)
+    // only handle `exact` pytype, isinstance also accepts subtype
+    // for example, isinstance(True, int) == True
+    if (obj.get_type().is(py_type<py::float_>())) {
+        success = pyfloat2hval(py::float_(obj), cn, dtype, ret);
+    } else if (obj.get_type().is(py_type<py::int_>())) {  // py::bool_ is py::int_
+        success = pyint2hval(py::int_(obj), cn, dtype, ret);
+    } else if (obj.get_type().is(py_type<py::tuple>())) {
+        success = pyseq2hval<py::tuple>(py::tuple(obj), cn, dtype, ret);
+    } else if (obj.get_type().is(py_type<py::list>())) {
+        success = pyseq2hval<py::list>(py::list(obj), cn, dtype, ret);
+    } else if (obj.is_none()) {
+        obj = py::list(0);
+    }
+    if (!success) {
+        success = pyarr2hval(obj, cn, dtype, ret);
+    }
+    mgb_assert(success);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+struct PyArgDesc {
+    const char* name;
+    py::object (*default_value)();
+};
+
+struct PyArgDescs {
+    std::vector<PyArgDesc> items;
+    ssize_t (*name2idx)(const char* name);
+};
+
+py::tuple parse_args(py::tuple args, const PyArgDescs& descs) {
+    size_t nr_args = args.size();
+    size_t nr_items = descs.items.size();
+    mgb_assert(nr_args <= nr_items, "too many args");
+    if (nr_args == nr_items) {
+        return args;
+    }
+    py::tuple ret(nr_items);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_args; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = args[i];
+    }
+    for (size_t i = nr_args; i < nr_items; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = descs.items[i].default_value();
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+py::tuple parse_args_and_kwargs(
+        py::tuple args, py::dict kwargs, const PyArgDescs& descs) {
+    size_t nr_args = args.size();
+    size_t nr_kwargs = kwargs.size();
+    size_t nr_items = descs.items.size();
+    mgb_assert(nr_args + nr_kwargs <= nr_items, "too many args");
+    if (nr_args == nr_items) {
+        return args;
+    }
+    py::tuple ret(nr_items);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_args; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = args[i];
+    }
+    bool has_value[nr_items - nr_args];
+    for (size_t i = nr_args; i < nr_items; ++i) {
+        has_value[i - nr_args] = false;
+    }
+    for (auto&& [k, v] : kwargs) {
+        auto key = py::str(k).cast<std::string>();
+        ssize_t index = descs.name2idx(key.c_str());
+        mgb_assert(index >= nr_args);
+        ret[index] = v;
+        has_value[index - nr_args] = true;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = nr_args; i < nr_items; ++i) {
+        if (!has_value[i - nr_args]) {
+            ret[i] = descs.items[i].default_value();
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+CompNode as_comp_node(const std::string& name) {
+    thread_local struct {
+        std::string name;
+        CompNode cn;
+    } cached;
+    if (cached.name != name) {
+        cached.name = name;
+        cached.cn = CompNode::load(name);
+    }
+    return cached.cn;
+}
+
+CompNode as_comp_node(py::object py_device) {
+    std::optional<std::string> device_name;
+    if (py_device.is_none() || py::str::check_(py_device)) {
+        auto cls = py::handle(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(py_tensor_type));
+        auto dmap_callback = cls.attr("dmap_callback");
+        std::string name;
+        if (dmap_callback.is_none() && py_device.is_none()) {
+            name = get_default_device();
         } else {
-            py::detail::loader_life_support life_sup;  // FIXME!!!required to cast DType
-            if (nargs != 5 && nargs != 6) {
-                throw py::type_error("expect 5 or 6 arguments");
+            if (py_device.is_none()) {
+                py_device = py::str(get_default_device());
             }
-            auto data = tup[0].cast<py::array>();
-            DType dtype = tup[1].cast<DType>();
-            CompNode cn = tup[2].cast<CompNode>();
-            bool is_const = tup[3].cast<bool>();
-            bool no_cache = nargs == 6 ? tup[4].cast<bool>() : false;
-            std::string name;
-            if (tup[nargs - 1].ptr() != Py_None)
-                name = tup[nargs - 1].cast<std::string>();
-
-            // const op
-            {
-                CreateTensor::Kind kind = is_const ? CreateTensor::Const
-                                        : no_cache ? CreateTensor::Unique
-                                                   : CreateTensor::Common;
-                HostTensorND ret(cn);
-                ret = npy::np2tensor(data.ptr(), npy::Meth::copy_into(&ret), dtype);
-                mgb_assert(
-                        ret.layout().is_empty() || ret.layout().is_contiguous(),
-                        "host value should be continuous");
-                ValueShape shape;
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < data.ndim(); ++i) {
-                    shape[shape.ndim++] = data.shape(i);
-                }
-                m_tensor = std::make_shared<Tensor>(imperative::apply(
-                        CreateTensor(kind, cn, ret.dtype(), shape),
-                        HostStorage::make(ret.storage()))[0]);
+            if (!dmap_callback.is_none()) {
+                py_device = dmap_callback(py_device);
             }
+            name = py::str(py_device).cast<std::string>();
+        }
+        return as_comp_node(name);
+    } else {
+        if (py::isinstance(py_device, py_device_type)) {
+            py_device = py_device.attr("_cn");
+        }
+        mgb_assert(py::isinstance(py_device, py_comp_node_type));
+        return py_device.cast<CompNode>();
+    }
+}
 
-            if (!name.empty()) {
-                m_tensor->reset(
-                        imperative::apply(RenameValue(name), m_tensor->data())[0]);
-            }
+template <char... Chars>
+bool compare_cstr(const char* cstr) {
+    return (((*cstr++) == Chars) && ...) && *cstr == '\0';
+}
+
+ssize_t name2idx(const char* name) {
+    const char* ch = name;
+    // TODO: trie
+    // clang-format off
+    switch (*ch++) {
+    case 'd':
+        switch (*ch++) {
+        // data
+        case 'a': return compare_cstr<'t', 'a'>(ch) ? 0 : -1;
+        // dtype
+        case 't': return compare_cstr<'y', 'p', 'e'>(ch) ? 1 : -1;
+        // device
+        case 'e': return compare_cstr<'v', 'i', 'c', 'e'>(ch) ? 2 : -1;
+        }
+    case 'i':
+        // is_const
+        return compare_cstr<'s', '_', 'c', 'o', 'n', 's', 't'>(ch) ? 3 : -1;
+    case 'n':
+        switch (*ch++) {
+        // no_cache
+        case 'o': return compare_cstr<'_', 'c', 'a', 'c', 'h', 'e'>(ch) ? 4 : -1;
+        // name
+        case 'a': return compare_cstr<'m', 'e'>(ch) ? 5 : -1;
+        }
+    }
+    // clang-format on
+    return -1;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TensorWrapper::TensorWrapper(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+    static PyArgDescs descs = {
+            {
+                    {"data", []() -> py::object { return py::none(); }},
+                    {"dtype", []() -> py::object { return py::none(); }},
+                    {"device", []() -> py::object { return py::none(); }},
+                    {"is_const", []() -> py::object { return py::bool_(false); }},
+                    {"no_cache", []() -> py::object { return py::bool_(false); }},
+                    {"name", []() -> py::object { return py::none(); }},
+            },
+            name2idx};
+    py::detail::loader_life_support life_sup;  // FIXME!!!required to cast DType
+    auto tup = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::tuple>(args);
+    if (kwargs) {
+        tup = parse_args_and_kwargs(
+                tup, py::reinterpret_borrow<py::dict>(kwargs), descs);
+    } else {
+        tup = parse_args(tup, descs);
+    }
+    mgb_assert(tup.size() == 6);
+    if (auto* t = try_cast(tup[0].ptr())) {
+        m_tensor = t->m_tensor->copy();
+    } else {
+        auto data = tup[0];
+        DType dtype = tup[1].cast<DType>();
+        bool is_const = tup[3].cast<bool>();
+        bool no_cache = tup[4].cast<bool>();
+        std::string name;
+        if (!tup[5].is_none()) {
+            name = tup[5].cast<std::string>();
+        }
+        CompNode cn = as_comp_node(tup[2]);
+
+        {
+            CreateTensor::Kind kind = is_const ? CreateTensor::Const
+                                    : no_cache ? CreateTensor::Unique
+                                               : CreateTensor::Common;
+            auto&& hval = pyobj2hval(data, cn, dtype);
+            auto val = imperative::apply(
+                    CreateTensor(kind, cn, hval.dtype, hval.shape), hval.storage)[0];
+            m_tensor.emplace(val);
+        }
+
+        if (!name.empty()) {
+            m_tensor->reset(imperative::apply(RenameValue(name), m_tensor->data())[0]);
         }
     }
     mgb_assert(m_tensor->data());
@@ -402,17 +744,16 @@ PyObject* TensorWrapper::isscalar() {
 }
 
 struct TensorWeakRef {
-    std::weak_ptr<Tensor> wptr;
+    ValueWeakRef data;
 
-    TensorWeakRef(const TensorWrapper& tw) : wptr(tw.m_tensor) {}
+    TensorWeakRef(const TensorWrapper& tw) : data(tw.m_tensor->data()) {}
 
     py::object operator()() {
-        if (auto p = wptr.lock()) {
+        if (auto p = data.lock()) {
             return TensorWrapper::make(py_tensor_type, p);
         }
         return py::none();
     }
-    int _use_cnt() { return wptr.use_count(); }
 };
 
 #ifdef METH_FASTCALL
@@ -528,7 +869,6 @@ void init_tensor(py::module m) {
                     // TODO: remove this
                     .def<&TensorWrapper::_dev_tensor>("_dev_tensor")
                     .def<&TensorWrapper::_drop>("_drop")
-                    .def<&TensorWrapper::_use_cnt>("_use_cnt")
                     .def<&TensorWrapper::_detail>("_detail")
                     .def<&TensorWrapper::_set_name>("_set_name")
                     .def<&TensorWrapper::_watch>("_watch")
@@ -542,8 +882,7 @@ void init_tensor(py::module m) {
 
     py::class_<TensorWeakRef>(m, "TensorWeakRef")
             .def(py::init<const TensorWrapper&>())
-            .def("__call__", &TensorWeakRef::operator())
-            .def("_use_cnt", &TensorWeakRef::_use_cnt);
+            .def("__call__", &TensorWeakRef::operator());
 
     py::class_<PySymbolVar, std::shared_ptr<PySymbolVar>>(m, "SymbolVar")
             .def_property_readonly(
@@ -693,6 +1032,9 @@ void init_tensor(py::module m) {
         py_tensor_type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type_obj.inc_ref().ptr());
     });
 
+    m.def("set_py_device_type",
+          [](py::object type_obj) { py_device_type = type_obj.inc_ref(); });
+
     /**
      * \brief trace proxy
      *
diff --git a/imperative/python/src/tensor.h b/imperative/python/src/tensor.h
index 33b616eafe73896b18ca5591894d96102c4805ba..6b920c50d3f7cd680554636c70150bd51ecb4286 100644
--- a/imperative/python/src/tensor.h
+++ b/imperative/python/src/tensor.h
@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@ namespace mgb::imperative::python {
 
 extern interpreter::Interpreter::Channel* interpreter_for_py;
 extern PyTypeObject* py_tensor_type;
+extern pybind11::handle py_device_type;
 extern PyObject* cpp_use_symbolic_shape;
 extern PyObject* cpp_astensor1d;
 
-struct Tensor : NonCopyableObj {
+struct Tensor {
 private:
-    std::string m_name;
     ValueRef m_data;
+    std::string m_name;
 
 public:
     using Handle = interpreter::Interpreter::Handle;
@@ -53,11 +54,7 @@ public:
 
     ~Tensor() = default;
 
-    inline std::shared_ptr<Tensor> copy() {
-        auto ret = std::make_shared<Tensor>(m_data);
-        ret->m_name = m_name;
-        return ret;
-    }
+    inline Tensor copy() { return *this; }
 
     inline DType dtype() { return *data().dtype(); }
     inline CompNode comp_node() { return *data().device(); }
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@ public:
             set_name(m_name);
         }
     }
-    inline ValueRef data() { return m_data.unwrap(); }
+    inline ValueRef data() const { return m_data.unwrap(); }
     bool is_scalar() { return data().is_scalar(); }
     inline std::string name() { return m_name; }
     inline void set_name(std::string name) {
@@ -89,14 +86,9 @@ public:
 
 struct TensorWrapper {
 public:
-    std::shared_ptr<Tensor> m_tensor;
-
-    inline TensorWrapper(std::shared_ptr<Tensor> tensor = {})
-            : m_tensor(std::move(tensor)) {
-        mgb_assert(tensor, "empty storage");
-    }
+    std::optional<Tensor> m_tensor;
 
-    inline TensorWrapper(ValueRef value) : m_tensor(std::make_shared<Tensor>(value)) {}
+    inline TensorWrapper(ValueRef value) { m_tensor.emplace(value); }
     TensorWrapper(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
     ~TensorWrapper() = default;
 
@@ -144,7 +136,6 @@ public:
     PyObject* module_trace_info();
     void set_module_trace_info(PyObject*);
     void _set_name(PyObject*);
-    PyObject* _use_cnt() { return PyLong_FromSize_t(m_tensor.use_count()); };
     PyObject* _detail();
     void _watch();
 };
diff --git a/imperative/python/test/unit/core/test_tensor_wrapper.py b/imperative/python/test/unit/core/test_tensor_wrapper.py
index ebdbf8ed3987ad480b679d7224110671a67b7212..b984d536c1835d2f43c2cba9619a07fcfed32649 100644
--- a/imperative/python/test/unit/core/test_tensor_wrapper.py
+++ b/imperative/python/test/unit/core/test_tensor_wrapper.py
@@ -220,3 +220,10 @@ def test_tensor_type():
     y1 = x1 + x2
     y2 = x2 + x1
     assert type(y1) == type(y2)
+
+
+def test_tensor_from_bool():
+    x = Tensor(True)
+    assert x.dtype == np.bool_
+    x = Tensor([True, False])
+    assert x.dtype == np.bool_
diff --git a/src/core/include/megbrain/dtype.h b/src/core/include/megbrain/dtype.h
index b4f24e3076c4faeef6fa7a7196bbc485490e4149..0fdfc15f74f521b97821dbb28b1549736593fe27 100644
--- a/src/core/include/megbrain/dtype.h
+++ b/src/core/include/megbrain/dtype.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace dtype = ::megdnn::dtype;
  * \param nr_elem number of elements to write in *dest*
  */
 template <typename T>
-void static_cast_dtype(
+MGE_WIN_DECLSPEC_FUC void static_cast_dtype(
         T* dest, DType src_type, const void* storage, size_t nr_elem = 1);
 
 /*!