# OAuth2.0 资源服务器不透明令牌
## 用于自省的最小依赖项
如[JWT 的最小依赖项](../../../servlet/oauth2/resource-server/jwt.html#oauth2resourceserver-jwt-minimaldependencies)中所描述的,大多数资源服务器支持都是在`spring-security-oauth2-resource-server`中收集的。但是,除非提供自定义[`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector`](#WebFlux-OAuth2Resourceserver-Opaque-Introspector- Bean),否则资源服务器将退回到 ReactiveOpaQuetokenIntrospector。这意味着`spring-security-oauth2-resource-server`和`oauth2-oidc-sdk`都是必需的,以便拥有支持不透明承载令牌的工作最小资源服务器。请参阅`spring-security-oauth2-resource-server`以确定`oauth2-oidc-sdk`的正确版本。
## 用于内省的最小配置
通常,可以通过由授权服务器托管的[OAuth2.0 内省终点](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7662)来验证不透明令牌。当要求撤销时,这可能很方便。
当使用[Spring Boot](https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot)时,将应用程序配置为使用内省的资源服务器包括两个基本步骤。首先,包括所需的依赖关系,其次,指示内省端点细节。
### 指定授权服务器
要指定内省端点的位置,只需执行以下操作:
```
security:
oauth2:
resourceserver:
opaque-token:
introspection-uri: https://idp.example.com/introspect
client-id: client
client-secret: secret
```
其中`[https://idp.example.com/introspect](https://idp.example.com/introspect)`是由授权服务器托管的内省端点,`client-id`和`client-secret`是达到该端点所需的凭据。
Resource Server 将使用这些属性进一步自我配置,并随后验证传入的 JWTS。
| |在使用内省时,授权服务器的单词是 law。
如果授权服务器响应令牌是有效的,那么它是有效的。|
|---|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
就这样!
### 创业期望
当使用此属性和这些依赖项时,Resource Server 将自动配置自身以验证不透明承载令牌。
这个启动过程比 JWTS 简单得多,因为不需要发现端点,也不需要添加额外的验证规则。
### 运行时期望
一旦启动应用程序,Resource Server 将尝试处理任何包含`Authorization: Bearer`报头的请求:
```
GET / HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Bearer some-token-value # Resource Server will process this
```
只要表明了该方案,资源服务器就会尝试根据承载令牌规范来处理请求。
给定一个不透明的令牌,资源服务器将
1. 使用提供的凭据和令牌查询提供的内省端点
2. 检查`{ 'active' : true }`属性的响应
3. 将每个作用域映射到一个前缀`SCOPE_`的权限
默认情况下,生成的`Authentication#getPrincipal`是 Spring security`[OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal](https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/5.6.2/api/org/springframework/security/oauth2/core/OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal.html)`对象,并且`Authentication#getName`映射到令牌的`sub`属性(如果存在)。
从这里,你可能想跳转到:
* [身份验证后查找属性](#webflux-oauth2resourceserver-opaque-attributes)
* [手动提取权限](#webflux-oauth2resourceserver-opaque-authorization-extraction)
* [使用 JWTS 进行内省](#webflux-oauth2resourceserver-opaque-jwt-introspector)
## 身份验证后查找属性
一旦对令牌进行了身份验证,就会在`SecurityContext`中设置`BearerTokenAuthentication`的实例。
这意味着当在配置中使用`@EnableWebFlux`时,它可以在`@Controller`方法中使用:
Java
```
@GetMapping("/foo")
public Mono foo(BearerTokenAuthentication authentication) {
return Mono.just(authentication.getTokenAttributes().get("sub") + " is the subject");
}
```
Kotlin
```
@GetMapping("/foo")
fun foo(authentication: BearerTokenAuthentication): Mono {
return Mono.just(authentication.tokenAttributes["sub"].toString() + " is the subject")
}
```
由于`BearerTokenAuthentication`持有`OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal`,这也意味着控制器方法也可以使用它:
Java
```
@GetMapping("/foo")
public Mono foo(@AuthenticationPrincipal OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal principal) {
return Mono.just(principal.getAttribute("sub") + " is the subject");
}
```
Kotlin
```
@GetMapping("/foo")
fun foo(@AuthenticationPrincipal principal: OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal): Mono {
return Mono.just(principal.getAttribute("sub").toString() + " is the subject")
}
```
### 通过 SPEL 查找属性
当然,这也意味着可以通过 SPEL 访问属性。
例如,如果使用`@EnableReactiveMethodSecurity`使你可以使用`@PreAuthorize`注释,则可以这样做:
Java
```
@PreAuthorize("principal?.attributes['sub'] = 'foo'")
public Mono forFoosEyesOnly() {
return Mono.just("foo");
}
```
Kotlin
```
@PreAuthorize("principal.attributes['sub'] = 'foo'")
fun forFoosEyesOnly(): Mono {
return Mono.just("foo")
}
```
## 覆盖或替换 Boot Auto 配置
有两个`@Bean`s, Spring boot 代表资源服务器生成。
第一个是将应用程序配置为资源服务器的`SecurityWebFilterChain`。当使用不透明令牌时,这个`SecurityWebFilterChain`看起来像:
Java
```
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
.authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
.anyExchange().authenticated()
)
.oauth2ResourceServer(ServerHttpSecurity.OAuth2ResourceServerSpec::opaqueToken)
return http.build();
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun springSecurityFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
authorizeExchange {
authorize(anyExchange, authenticated)
}
oauth2ResourceServer {
opaqueToken { }
}
}
}
```
如果应用程序不公开`SecurityWebFilterChain` Bean,那么 Spring 引导将公开上面的默认引导。
替换它就像在应用程序中公开 Bean 一样简单:
例 1。替换 SecurityWebFilterchain
Java
```
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class MyCustomSecurityConfiguration {
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
.authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
.pathMatchers("/messages/**").hasAuthority("SCOPE_message:read")
.anyExchange().authenticated()
)
.oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2
.opaqueToken(opaqueToken -> opaqueToken
.introspector(myIntrospector())
)
);
return http.build();
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun springSecurityFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
authorizeExchange {
authorize("/messages/**", hasAuthority("SCOPE_message:read"))
authorize(anyExchange, authenticated)
}
oauth2ResourceServer {
opaqueToken {
introspector = myIntrospector()
}
}
}
}
```
对于任何以`/messages/`开头的 URL,上述条件要求`message:read`的范围。
`oauth2ResourceServer`DSL 上的方法也将覆盖或替换自动配置。
例如,第二个`@Bean` Spring 启动创建了一个`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector`,它将`String`令牌解码为`OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal`的验证实例:
Java
```
@Bean
public ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector introspector() {
return new NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector(introspectionUri, clientId, clientSecret);
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun introspector(): ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
return NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector(introspectionUri, clientId, clientSecret)
}
```
如果应用程序不公开`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector` Bean,那么 Spring 引导将公开上面的默认引导。
并且它的配置可以使用`introspectionUri()`和`introspectionClientCredentials()`进行重写,或者使用`introspector()`进行替换。
### 使用`inrospectionUri()`
可以配置授权服务器的内省 URI[作为配置属性](#webflux-oauth2resourceserver-opaque-introspectionuri),也可以在 DSL 中提供它:
Java
```
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class DirectlyConfiguredIntrospectionUri {
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
.authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
.anyExchange().authenticated()
)
.oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2
.opaqueToken(opaqueToken -> opaqueToken
.introspectionUri("https://idp.example.com/introspect")
.introspectionClientCredentials("client", "secret")
)
);
return http.build();
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun springSecurityFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
authorizeExchange {
authorize(anyExchange, authenticated)
}
oauth2ResourceServer {
opaqueToken {
introspectionUri = "https://idp.example.com/introspect"
introspectionClientCredentials("client", "secret")
}
}
}
}
```
### 使用`introspectionUri()`优先于任何配置属性。
比`introspectionUri()`更强大的是`introspector()`,它将完全取代`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector`的任何引导自动配置:
Java
```
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class DirectlyConfiguredIntrospector {
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
.authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
.anyExchange().authenticated()
)
.oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2
.opaqueToken(opaqueToken -> opaqueToken
.introspector(myCustomIntrospector())
)
);
return http.build();
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun springSecurityFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
authorizeExchange {
authorize(anyExchange, authenticated)
}
oauth2ResourceServer {
opaqueToken {
introspector = myCustomIntrospector()
}
}
}
}
```
当需要更深的配置时,比如[权限映射](#webflux-oauth2resourceserver-opaque-authorization-extraction)或[JWT 撤销](#webflux-oauth2resourceserver-opaque-jwt-introspector),这是很方便的。
### 曝光`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector``@Bean`
或者,暴露`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector``@Bean`具有与`introspector()`相同的效果:
Java
```
@Bean
public ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector introspector() {
return new NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector(introspectionUri, clientId, clientSecret);
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun introspector(): ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
return NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector(introspectionUri, clientId, clientSecret)
}
```
## 配置授权
OAuth2.0 内省端点通常会返回一个`scope`属性,指示它被授予的作用域(或权限),例如:
`{ …, "scope" : "messages contacts"}`
在这种情况下,Resource Server 将尝试强制将这些作用域放入一个已授予权限的列表中,并在每个作用域前加上字符串“scope\_”。
这意味着,要保护具有由不透明令牌派生的作用域的端点或方法,相应的表达式应该包括以下前缀:
Java
```
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class MappedAuthorities {
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
.authorizeExchange(exchange -> exchange
.pathMatchers("/contacts/**").hasAuthority("SCOPE_contacts")
.pathMatchers("/messages/**").hasAuthority("SCOPE_messages")
.anyExchange().authenticated()
)
.oauth2ResourceServer(ServerHttpSecurity.OAuth2ResourceServerSpec::opaqueToken);
return http.build();
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun springSecurityFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
authorizeExchange {
authorize("/contacts/**", hasAuthority("SCOPE_contacts"))
authorize("/messages/**", hasAuthority("SCOPE_messages"))
authorize(anyExchange, authenticated)
}
oauth2ResourceServer {
opaqueToken { }
}
}
}
```
或类似于方法安全性:
Java
```
@PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('SCOPE_messages')")
public Flux getMessages(...) {}
```
Kotlin
```
@PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('SCOPE_messages')")
fun getMessages(): Flux { }
```
### 手动提取权限
默认情况下,不透明令牌支持将从内省响应中提取范围声明,并将其解析为单个`GrantedAuthority`实例。
例如,如果内省反应是:
```
{
"active" : true,
"scope" : "message:read message:write"
}
```
然后,资源服务器将生成一个带有两个权限的`Authentication`,一个用于`message:read`,另一个用于`message:write`。
当然,这可以使用自定义`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector`进行定制,该自定义`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector`查看属性集并以其自己的方式进行转换:
Java
```
public class CustomAuthoritiesOpaqueTokenIntrospector implements ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector delegate =
new NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret");
public Mono introspect(String token) {
return this.delegate.introspect(token)
.map(principal -> new DefaultOAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal(
principal.getName(), principal.getAttributes(), extractAuthorities(principal)));
}
private Collection extractAuthorities(OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal principal) {
List scopes = principal.getAttribute(OAuth2IntrospectionClaimNames.SCOPE);
return scopes.stream()
.map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
class CustomAuthoritiesOpaqueTokenIntrospector : ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private val delegate: ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector = NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret")
override fun introspect(token: String): Mono {
return delegate.introspect(token)
.map { principal: OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal ->
DefaultOAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal(
principal.name, principal.attributes, extractAuthorities(principal))
}
}
private fun extractAuthorities(principal: OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal): Collection {
val scopes = principal.getAttribute>(OAuth2IntrospectionClaimNames.SCOPE)
return scopes
.map { SimpleGrantedAuthority(it) }
}
}
```
在此之后,可以简单地将此自定义内省检测器配置为`@Bean`:
Java
```
@Bean
public ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector introspector() {
return new CustomAuthoritiesOpaqueTokenIntrospector();
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun introspector(): ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
return CustomAuthoritiesOpaqueTokenIntrospector()
}
```
## 使用 JWTS 进行内省
一个常见的问题是,内省是否与 JWTS 兼容。 Spring Security 的不透明令牌支持被设计成不关心令牌的格式——它将很乐意将任何令牌传递给所提供的内省端点。
所以,假设你有一个要求,要求你在每个请求上与授权服务器进行检查,以防 JWT 被撤销。
尽管你使用的是 JWT 格式的令牌,但你的验证方法是内省,这意味着你希望这样做:
```
spring:
security:
oauth2:
resourceserver:
opaque-token:
introspection-uri: https://idp.example.org/introspection
client-id: client
client-secret: secret
```
在这种情况下,得到的`Authentication`将是`BearerTokenAuthentication`。对应的`OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal`中的任何属性都将是内省端点返回的任何属性。
但是,让我们说,奇怪的是,内省端点只返回令牌是否处于活动状态。现在怎么办?
在这种情况下,你可以创建一个自定义的`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector`,它仍然会到达端点,但随后会更新返回的主体,使其具有 JWTS 声明的属性:
Java
```
public class JwtOpaqueTokenIntrospector implements ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector delegate =
new NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret");
private ReactiveJwtDecoder jwtDecoder = new NimbusReactiveJwtDecoder(new ParseOnlyJWTProcessor());
public Mono introspect(String token) {
return this.delegate.introspect(token)
.flatMap(principal -> this.jwtDecoder.decode(token))
.map(jwt -> new DefaultOAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal(jwt.getClaims(), NO_AUTHORITIES));
}
private static class ParseOnlyJWTProcessor implements Converter> {
public Mono convert(JWT jwt) {
try {
return Mono.just(jwt.getJWTClaimsSet());
} catch (Exception ex) {
return Mono.error(ex);
}
}
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
class JwtOpaqueTokenIntrospector : ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private val delegate: ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector = NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret")
private val jwtDecoder: ReactiveJwtDecoder = NimbusReactiveJwtDecoder(ParseOnlyJWTProcessor())
override fun introspect(token: String): Mono {
return delegate.introspect(token)
.flatMap { jwtDecoder.decode(token) }
.map { jwt: Jwt -> DefaultOAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal(jwt.claims, NO_AUTHORITIES) }
}
private class ParseOnlyJWTProcessor : Converter> {
override fun convert(jwt: JWT): Mono {
return try {
Mono.just(jwt.jwtClaimsSet)
} catch (e: Exception) {
Mono.error(e)
}
}
}
}
```
在此之后,可以简单地将此自定义内省检测器配置为`@Bean`:
Java
```
@Bean
public ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector introspector() {
return new JwtOpaqueTokenIntropsector();
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun introspector(): ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
return JwtOpaqueTokenIntrospector()
}
```
## 调用`/userinfo`端点
一般来说,资源服务器并不关心底层用户,而是关心已被授予的权限。
话虽如此,有时将授权声明与用户绑定在一起可能是有价值的。
如果一个应用程序也在使用`spring-security-oauth2-client`,已经设置了适当的`ClientRegistrationRepository`,那么使用自定义的`OpaqueTokenIntrospector`就很简单了。下面的实现做了三件事:
* 委托给内省端点,以确认令牌的有效性
* 查找与`/userinfo`端点关联的适当客户端注册
* 调用并返回来自`/userinfo`端点的响应
Java
```
public class UserInfoOpaqueTokenIntrospector implements ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private final ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector delegate =
new NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret");
private final ReactiveOAuth2UserService oauth2UserService =
new DefaultReactiveOAuth2UserService();
private final ReactiveClientRegistrationRepository repository;
// ... constructor
@Override
public Mono introspect(String token) {
return Mono.zip(this.delegate.introspect(token), this.repository.findByRegistrationId("registration-id"))
.map(t -> {
OAuth2AuthenticatedPrincipal authorized = t.getT1();
ClientRegistration clientRegistration = t.getT2();
Instant issuedAt = authorized.getAttribute(ISSUED_AT);
Instant expiresAt = authorized.getAttribute(OAuth2IntrospectionClaimNames.EXPIRES_AT);
OAuth2AccessToken accessToken = new OAuth2AccessToken(BEARER, token, issuedAt, expiresAt);
return new OAuth2UserRequest(clientRegistration, accessToken);
})
.flatMap(this.oauth2UserService::loadUser);
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
class UserInfoOpaqueTokenIntrospector : ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private val delegate: ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector = NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret")
private val oauth2UserService: ReactiveOAuth2UserService = DefaultReactiveOAuth2UserService()
private val repository: ReactiveClientRegistrationRepository? = null
// ... constructor
override fun introspect(token: String?): Mono {
return Mono.zip(delegate.introspect(token), repository!!.findByRegistrationId("registration-id"))
.map { t: Tuple2 ->
val authorized = t.t1
val clientRegistration = t.t2
val issuedAt: Instant? = authorized.getAttribute(ISSUED_AT)
val expiresAt: Instant? = authorized.getAttribute(OAuth2IntrospectionClaimNames.EXPIRES_AT)
val accessToken = OAuth2AccessToken(BEARER, token, issuedAt, expiresAt)
OAuth2UserRequest(clientRegistration, accessToken)
}
.flatMap { userRequest: OAuth2UserRequest -> oauth2UserService.loadUser(userRequest) }
}
}
```
如果你 AREN 不使用`spring-security-oauth2-client`,它仍然很简单。你只需要用你自己的`WebClient`实例调用`/userinfo`:
Java
```
public class UserInfoOpaqueTokenIntrospector implements ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private final ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector delegate =
new NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret");
private final WebClient rest = WebClient.create();
@Override
public Mono introspect(String token) {
return this.delegate.introspect(token)
.map(this::makeUserInfoRequest);
}
}
```
Kotlin
```
class UserInfoOpaqueTokenIntrospector : ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
private val delegate: ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector = NimbusReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector("https://idp.example.org/introspect", "client", "secret")
private val rest: WebClient = WebClient.create()
override fun introspect(token: String): Mono {
return delegate.introspect(token)
.map(this::makeUserInfoRequest)
}
}
```
无论哪种方式,在创建了`ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector`之后,你应该将其发布为`@Bean`,以覆盖默认值:
Java
```
@Bean
ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector introspector() {
return new UserInfoOpaqueTokenIntrospector();
}
```
Kotlin
```
@Bean
fun introspector(): ReactiveOpaqueTokenIntrospector {
return UserInfoOpaqueTokenIntrospector()
}
```
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