// Copyright 2012-2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 or the MIT license // , at your // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed // except according to those terms. //! Functionality for ordering and comparison. //! //! This module defines both [`PartialOrd`] and [`PartialEq`] traits which are used //! by the compiler to implement comparison operators. Rust programs may //! implement [`PartialOrd`] to overload the `<`, `<=`, `>`, and `>=` operators, //! and may implement [`PartialEq`] to overload the `==` and `!=` operators. //! //! [`PartialOrd`]: trait.PartialOrd.html //! [`PartialEq`]: trait.PartialEq.html //! //! # Examples //! //! ``` //! let x: u32 = 0; //! let y: u32 = 1; //! //! // these two lines are equivalent //! assert_eq!(x < y, true); //! assert_eq!(x.lt(&y), true); //! //! // these two lines are also equivalent //! assert_eq!(x == y, false); //! assert_eq!(x.eq(&y), false); //! ``` #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] use self::Ordering::*; /// Trait for equality comparisons which are [partial equivalence /// relations](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_equivalence_relation). /// /// This trait allows for partial equality, for types that do not have a full /// equivalence relation. For example, in floating point numbers `NaN != NaN`, /// so floating point types implement `PartialEq` but not `Eq`. /// /// Formally, the equality must be (for all `a`, `b` and `c`): /// /// - symmetric: `a == b` implies `b == a`; and /// - transitive: `a == b` and `b == c` implies `a == c`. /// /// Note that these requirements mean that the trait itself must be implemented /// symmetrically and transitively: if `T: PartialEq` and `U: PartialEq` /// then `U: PartialEq` and `T: PartialEq`. /// /// ## Derivable /// /// This trait can be used with `#[derive]`. When `derive`d on structs, two /// instances are equal if all fields are equal, and not equal if any fields /// are not equal. When `derive`d on enums, each variant is equal to itself /// and not equal to the other variants. /// /// ## How can I implement `PartialEq`? /// /// PartialEq only requires the `eq` method to be implemented; `ne` is defined /// in terms of it by default. Any manual implementation of `ne` *must* respect /// the rule that `eq` is a strict inverse of `ne`; that is, `!(a == b)` if and /// only if `a != b`. /// /// An example implementation for a domain in which two books are considered /// the same book if their ISBN matches, even if the formats differ: /// /// ``` /// enum BookFormat { Paperback, Hardback, Ebook } /// struct Book { /// isbn: i32, /// format: BookFormat, /// } /// /// impl PartialEq for Book { /// fn eq(&self, other: &Book) -> bool { /// self.isbn == other.isbn /// } /// } /// /// let b1 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Paperback }; /// let b2 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Ebook }; /// let b3 = Book { isbn: 10, format: BookFormat::Paperback }; /// /// assert!(b1 == b2); /// assert!(b1 != b3); /// ``` /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// let x: u32 = 0; /// let y: u32 = 1; /// /// assert_eq!(x == y, false); /// assert_eq!(x.eq(&y), false); /// ``` #[lang = "eq"] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub trait PartialEq { /// This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used /// by `==`. #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn eq(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool; /// This method tests for `!=`. #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool { !self.eq(other) } } /// Trait for equality comparisons which are [equivalence relations]( /// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation). /// /// This means, that in addition to `a == b` and `a != b` being strict inverses, the equality must /// be (for all `a`, `b` and `c`): /// /// - reflexive: `a == a`; /// - symmetric: `a == b` implies `b == a`; and /// - transitive: `a == b` and `b == c` implies `a == c`. /// /// This property cannot be checked by the compiler, and therefore `Eq` implies /// `PartialEq`, and has no extra methods. /// /// ## Derivable /// /// This trait can be used with `#[derive]`. When `derive`d, because `Eq` has /// no extra methods, it is only informing the compiler that this is an /// equivalence relation rather than a partial equivalence relation. Note that /// the `derive` strategy requires all fields are `Eq`, which isn't /// always desired. /// /// ## How can I implement `Eq`? /// /// If you cannot use the `derive` strategy, specify that your type implements /// `Eq`, which has no methods: /// /// ``` /// enum BookFormat { Paperback, Hardback, Ebook } /// struct Book { /// isbn: i32, /// format: BookFormat, /// } /// impl PartialEq for Book { /// fn eq(&self, other: &Book) -> bool { /// self.isbn == other.isbn /// } /// } /// impl Eq for Book {} /// ``` #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub trait Eq: PartialEq { // FIXME #13101: this method is used solely by #[deriving] to // assert that every component of a type implements #[deriving] // itself, the current deriving infrastructure means doing this // assertion without using a method on this trait is nearly // impossible. // // This should never be implemented by hand. #[doc(hidden)] #[inline(always)] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn assert_receiver_is_total_eq(&self) {} } // FIXME: this struct is used solely by #[derive] to // assert that every component of a type implements Eq. // // This struct should never appear in user code. #[doc(hidden)] #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)] #[unstable(feature = "derive_eq", reason = "deriving hack, should not be public", issue = "0")] pub struct AssertParamIsEq { _field: ::marker::PhantomData } /// An `Ordering` is the result of a comparison between two values. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp::Ordering; /// /// let result = 1.cmp(&2); /// assert_eq!(Ordering::Less, result); /// /// let result = 1.cmp(&1); /// assert_eq!(Ordering::Equal, result); /// /// let result = 2.cmp(&1); /// assert_eq!(Ordering::Greater, result); /// ``` #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Debug, Hash)] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub enum Ordering { /// An ordering where a compared value is less [than another]. #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] Less = -1, /// An ordering where a compared value is equal [to another]. #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] Equal = 0, /// An ordering where a compared value is greater [than another]. #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] Greater = 1, } impl Ordering { /// Reverse the `Ordering`. /// /// * `Less` becomes `Greater`. /// * `Greater` becomes `Less`. /// * `Equal` becomes `Equal`. /// /// # Examples /// /// Basic behavior: /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp::Ordering; /// /// assert_eq!(Ordering::Less.reverse(), Ordering::Greater); /// assert_eq!(Ordering::Equal.reverse(), Ordering::Equal); /// assert_eq!(Ordering::Greater.reverse(), Ordering::Less); /// ``` /// /// This method can be used to reverse a comparison: /// /// ``` /// let mut data: &mut [_] = &mut [2, 10, 5, 8]; /// /// // sort the array from largest to smallest. /// data.sort_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b).reverse()); /// /// let b: &mut [_] = &mut [10, 8, 5, 2]; /// assert!(data == b); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn reverse(self) -> Ordering { match self { Less => Greater, Equal => Equal, Greater => Less, } } } /// Trait for types that form a [total order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_order). /// /// An order is a total order if it is (for all `a`, `b` and `c`): /// /// - total and antisymmetric: exactly one of `a < b`, `a == b` or `a > b` is true; and /// - transitive, `a < b` and `b < c` implies `a < c`. The same must hold for both `==` and `>`. /// /// ## Derivable /// /// This trait can be used with `#[derive]`. When `derive`d, it will produce a lexicographic /// ordering based on the top-to-bottom declaration order of the struct's members. /// /// ## How can I implement `Ord`? /// /// `Ord` requires that the type also be `PartialOrd` and `Eq` (which requires `PartialEq`). /// /// Then you must define an implementation for `cmp()`. You may find it useful to use /// `cmp()` on your type's fields. /// /// Here's an example where you want to sort people by height only, disregarding `id` /// and `name`: /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp::Ordering; /// /// #[derive(Eq)] /// struct Person { /// id: u32, /// name: String, /// height: u32, /// } /// /// impl Ord for Person { /// fn cmp(&self, other: &Person) -> Ordering { /// self.height.cmp(&other.height) /// } /// } /// /// impl PartialOrd for Person { /// fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Person) -> Option { /// Some(self.cmp(other)) /// } /// } /// /// impl PartialEq for Person { /// fn eq(&self, other: &Person) -> bool { /// self.height == other.height /// } /// } /// ``` #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub trait Ord: Eq + PartialOrd { /// This method returns an `Ordering` between `self` and `other`. /// /// By convention, `self.cmp(&other)` returns the ordering matching the expression /// `self other` if true. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp::Ordering; /// /// assert_eq!(5.cmp(&10), Ordering::Less); /// assert_eq!(10.cmp(&5), Ordering::Greater); /// assert_eq!(5.cmp(&5), Ordering::Equal); /// ``` #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering; } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl Eq for Ordering {} #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl Ord for Ordering { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, other: &Ordering) -> Ordering { (*self as i32).cmp(&(*other as i32)) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl PartialOrd for Ordering { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Ordering) -> Option { (*self as i32).partial_cmp(&(*other as i32)) } } /// Trait for values that can be compared for a sort-order. /// /// The comparison must satisfy, for all `a`, `b` and `c`: /// /// - antisymmetry: if `a < b` then `!(a > b)`, as well as `a > b` implying `!(a < b)`; and /// - transitivity: `a < b` and `b < c` implies `a < c`. The same must hold for both `==` and `>`. /// /// Note that these requirements mean that the trait itself must be implemented symmetrically and /// transitively: if `T: PartialOrd` and `U: PartialOrd` then `U: PartialOrd` and `T: /// PartialOrd`. /// /// ## Derivable /// /// This trait can be used with `#[derive]`. When `derive`d, it will produce a lexicographic /// ordering based on the top-to-bottom declaration order of the struct's members. /// /// ## How can I implement `Ord`? /// /// PartialOrd only requires implementation of the `partial_cmp` method, with the others generated /// from default implementations. /// /// However it remains possible to implement the others separately for types which do not have a /// total order. For example, for floating point numbers, `NaN < 0 == false` and `NaN >= 0 == /// false` (cf. IEEE 754-2008 section 5.11). /// /// `PartialOrd` requires your type to be `PartialEq`. /// /// If your type is `Ord`, you can implement `partial_cmp()` by using `cmp()`: /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp::Ordering; /// /// #[derive(Eq)] /// struct Person { /// id: u32, /// name: String, /// height: u32, /// } /// /// impl PartialOrd for Person { /// fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Person) -> Option { /// Some(self.cmp(other)) /// } /// } /// /// impl Ord for Person { /// fn cmp(&self, other: &Person) -> Ordering { /// self.height.cmp(&other.height) /// } /// } /// /// impl PartialEq for Person { /// fn eq(&self, other: &Person) -> bool { /// self.height == other.height /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// You may also find it useful to use `partial_cmp()` on your type's fields. Here /// is an example of `Person` types who have a floating-point `height` field that /// is the only field to be used for sorting: /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp::Ordering; /// /// struct Person { /// id: u32, /// name: String, /// height: f64, /// } /// /// impl PartialOrd for Person { /// fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Person) -> Option { /// self.height.partial_cmp(&other.height) /// } /// } /// /// impl PartialEq for Person { /// fn eq(&self, other: &Person) -> bool { /// self.height == other.height /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// let x : u32 = 0; /// let y : u32 = 1; /// /// assert_eq!(x < y, true); /// assert_eq!(x.lt(&y), true); /// ``` #[lang = "ord"] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub trait PartialOrd: PartialEq { /// This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp::Ordering; /// /// let result = 1.0.partial_cmp(&2.0); /// assert_eq!(result, Some(Ordering::Less)); /// /// let result = 1.0.partial_cmp(&1.0); /// assert_eq!(result, Some(Ordering::Equal)); /// /// let result = 2.0.partial_cmp(&1.0); /// assert_eq!(result, Some(Ordering::Greater)); /// ``` /// /// When comparison is impossible: /// /// ``` /// let result = std::f64::NAN.partial_cmp(&1.0); /// assert_eq!(result, None); /// ``` #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Rhs) -> Option; /// This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// let result = 1.0 < 2.0; /// assert_eq!(result, true); /// /// let result = 2.0 < 1.0; /// assert_eq!(result, false); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool { match self.partial_cmp(other) { Some(Less) => true, _ => false, } } /// This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` /// operator. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// let result = 1.0 <= 2.0; /// assert_eq!(result, true); /// /// let result = 2.0 <= 2.0; /// assert_eq!(result, true); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool { match self.partial_cmp(other) { Some(Less) | Some(Equal) => true, _ => false, } } /// This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// let result = 1.0 > 2.0; /// assert_eq!(result, false); /// /// let result = 2.0 > 2.0; /// assert_eq!(result, false); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool { match self.partial_cmp(other) { Some(Greater) => true, _ => false, } } /// This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` /// operator. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// let result = 2.0 >= 1.0; /// assert_eq!(result, true); /// /// let result = 2.0 >= 2.0; /// assert_eq!(result, true); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool { match self.partial_cmp(other) { Some(Greater) | Some(Equal) => true, _ => false, } } } /// Compare and return the minimum of two values. /// /// Returns the first argument if the comparison determines them to be equal. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp; /// /// assert_eq!(1, cmp::min(1, 2)); /// assert_eq!(2, cmp::min(2, 2)); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn min(v1: T, v2: T) -> T { if v1 <= v2 { v1 } else { v2 } } /// Compare and return the maximum of two values. /// /// Returns the second argument if the comparison determines them to be equal. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::cmp; /// /// assert_eq!(2, cmp::max(1, 2)); /// assert_eq!(2, cmp::max(2, 2)); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn max(v1: T, v2: T) -> T { if v2 >= v1 { v2 } else { v1 } } // Implementation of PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd and Ord for primitive types mod impls { use cmp::Ordering::{self, Less, Greater, Equal}; macro_rules! partial_eq_impl { ($($t:ty)*) => ($( #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl PartialEq for $t { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) == (*other) } #[inline] fn ne(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) != (*other) } } )*) } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl PartialEq for () { #[inline] fn eq(&self, _other: &()) -> bool { true } #[inline] fn ne(&self, _other: &()) -> bool { false } } partial_eq_impl! { bool char usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 } macro_rules! eq_impl { ($($t:ty)*) => ($( #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl Eq for $t {} )*) } eq_impl! { () bool char usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 } macro_rules! partial_ord_impl { ($($t:ty)*) => ($( #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl PartialOrd for $t { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &$t) -> Option { match (self <= other, self >= other) { (false, false) => None, (false, true) => Some(Greater), (true, false) => Some(Less), (true, true) => Some(Equal), } } #[inline] fn lt(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) < (*other) } #[inline] fn le(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) <= (*other) } #[inline] fn ge(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) >= (*other) } #[inline] fn gt(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) > (*other) } } )*) } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl PartialOrd for () { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, _: &()) -> Option { Some(Equal) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl PartialOrd for bool { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &bool) -> Option { (*self as u8).partial_cmp(&(*other as u8)) } } partial_ord_impl! { f32 f64 } macro_rules! ord_impl { ($($t:ty)*) => ($( #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl PartialOrd for $t { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &$t) -> Option { Some(self.cmp(other)) } #[inline] fn lt(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) < (*other) } #[inline] fn le(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) <= (*other) } #[inline] fn ge(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) >= (*other) } #[inline] fn gt(&self, other: &$t) -> bool { (*self) > (*other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl Ord for $t { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, other: &$t) -> Ordering { if *self == *other { Equal } else if *self < *other { Less } else { Greater } } } )*) } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl Ord for () { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, _other: &()) -> Ordering { Equal } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl Ord for bool { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, other: &bool) -> Ordering { (*self as u8).cmp(&(*other as u8)) } } ord_impl! { char usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 } #[unstable(feature = "never_type_impls", issue = "35121")] impl PartialEq for ! { fn eq(&self, _: &!) -> bool { *self } } #[unstable(feature = "never_type_impls", issue = "35121")] impl Eq for ! {} #[unstable(feature = "never_type_impls", issue = "35121")] impl PartialOrd for ! { fn partial_cmp(&self, _: &!) -> Option { *self } } #[unstable(feature = "never_type_impls", issue = "35121")] impl Ord for ! { fn cmp(&self, _: &!) -> Ordering { *self } } // & pointers #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, 'b, A: ?Sized, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&'b B> for &'a A where A: PartialEq { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: & &'b B) -> bool { PartialEq::eq(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn ne(&self, other: & &'b B) -> bool { PartialEq::ne(*self, *other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, 'b, A: ?Sized, B: ?Sized> PartialOrd<&'b B> for &'a A where A: PartialOrd { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'b B) -> Option { PartialOrd::partial_cmp(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn lt(&self, other: & &'b B) -> bool { PartialOrd::lt(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn le(&self, other: & &'b B) -> bool { PartialOrd::le(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn ge(&self, other: & &'b B) -> bool { PartialOrd::ge(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn gt(&self, other: & &'b B) -> bool { PartialOrd::gt(*self, *other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, A: ?Sized> Ord for &'a A where A: Ord { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, other: & &'a A) -> Ordering { Ord::cmp(*self, *other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, A: ?Sized> Eq for &'a A where A: Eq {} // &mut pointers #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, 'b, A: ?Sized, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&'b mut B> for &'a mut A where A: PartialEq { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialEq::eq(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn ne(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialEq::ne(*self, *other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, 'b, A: ?Sized, B: ?Sized> PartialOrd<&'b mut B> for &'a mut A where A: PartialOrd { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> Option { PartialOrd::partial_cmp(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn lt(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialOrd::lt(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn le(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialOrd::le(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn ge(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialOrd::ge(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn gt(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialOrd::gt(*self, *other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, A: ?Sized> Ord for &'a mut A where A: Ord { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, other: &&'a mut A) -> Ordering { Ord::cmp(*self, *other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, A: ?Sized> Eq for &'a mut A where A: Eq {} #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, 'b, A: ?Sized, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&'b mut B> for &'a A where A: PartialEq { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialEq::eq(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn ne(&self, other: &&'b mut B) -> bool { PartialEq::ne(*self, *other) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<'a, 'b, A: ?Sized, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&'b B> for &'a mut A where A: PartialEq { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: &&'b B) -> bool { PartialEq::eq(*self, *other) } #[inline] fn ne(&self, other: &&'b B) -> bool { PartialEq::ne(*self, *other) } } }