// Copyright 2012-2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 or the MIT license // , at your // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed // except according to those terms. //! Higher-level interfaces to libc::* functions and operating system services. //! //! In general these take and return rust types, use rust idioms (enums, closures, vectors) rather //! than C idioms, and do more extensive safety checks. //! //! This module is not meant to only contain 1:1 mappings to libc entries; any os-interface code //! that is reasonably useful and broadly applicable can go here. Including utility routines that //! merely build on other os code. //! //! We assume the general case is that users do not care, and do not want to be made to care, which //! operating system they are on. While they may want to special case various special cases -- and //! so we will not _hide_ the facts of which OS the user is on -- they should be given the //! opportunity to write OS-ignorant code by default. #![experimental] #![allow(missing_docs)] #![allow(non_snake_case)] #![allow(unused_imports)] use self::MemoryMapKind::*; use self::MapOption::*; use self::MapError::*; use clone::Clone; use error::{FromError, Error}; use fmt; use io::{IoResult, IoError}; use iter::{Iterator, IteratorExt}; use kinds::Copy; use libc::{c_void, c_int, c_char}; use libc; use boxed::Box; use ops::{Drop, FnOnce}; use option::Option; use option::Option::{Some, None}; use path::{Path, GenericPath, BytesContainer}; use sys; use sys::os as os_imp; use ptr::PtrExt; use ptr; use result::Result; use result::Result::{Err, Ok}; use slice::{AsSlice, SliceExt}; use str::{Str, StrExt}; use string::{String, ToString}; use sync::atomic::{AtomicInt, ATOMIC_INT_INIT, SeqCst}; use vec::Vec; #[cfg(unix)] use c_str::ToCStr; #[cfg(unix)] pub use sys::ext as unix; #[cfg(windows)] pub use sys::ext as windows; /// Get the number of cores available pub fn num_cpus() -> uint { unsafe { return rust_get_num_cpus() as uint; } extern { fn rust_get_num_cpus() -> libc::uintptr_t; } } pub const TMPBUF_SZ : uint = 1000u; /// Returns the current working directory as a `Path`. /// /// # Errors /// /// Returns an `Err` if the current working directory value is invalid. /// Possible cases: /// /// * Current directory does not exist. /// * There are insufficient permissions to access the current directory. /// * The internal buffer is not large enough to hold the path. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// // We assume that we are in a valid directory. /// let current_working_directory = os::getcwd().unwrap(); /// println!("The current directory is {}", current_working_directory.display()); /// ``` pub fn getcwd() -> IoResult { sys::os::getcwd() } /* Accessing environment variables is not generally threadsafe. Serialize access through a global lock. */ fn with_env_lock(f: F) -> T where F: FnOnce() -> T, { use sync::{StaticMutex, MUTEX_INIT}; static LOCK: StaticMutex = MUTEX_INIT; let _guard = LOCK.lock(); f() } /// Returns a vector of (variable, value) pairs, for all the environment /// variables of the current process. /// /// Invalid UTF-8 bytes are replaced with \uFFFD. See `String::from_utf8_lossy()` /// for details. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// // We will iterate through the references to the element returned by os::env(); /// for &(ref key, ref value) in os::env().iter() { /// println!("'{}': '{}'", key, value ); /// } /// ``` pub fn env() -> Vec<(String,String)> { env_as_bytes().into_iter().map(|(k,v)| { let k = String::from_utf8_lossy(k.as_slice()).into_owned(); let v = String::from_utf8_lossy(v.as_slice()).into_owned(); (k,v) }).collect() } /// Returns a vector of (variable, value) byte-vector pairs for all the /// environment variables of the current process. pub fn env_as_bytes() -> Vec<(Vec,Vec)> { unsafe { fn env_convert(input: Vec>) -> Vec<(Vec, Vec)> { let mut pairs = Vec::new(); for p in input.iter() { let mut it = p.splitn(1, |b| *b == b'='); let key = it.next().unwrap().to_vec(); let default: &[u8] = &[]; let val = it.next().unwrap_or(default).to_vec(); pairs.push((key, val)); } pairs } with_env_lock(|| { let unparsed_environ = sys::os::get_env_pairs(); env_convert(unparsed_environ) }) } } #[cfg(unix)] /// Fetches the environment variable `n` from the current process, returning /// None if the variable isn't set. /// /// Any invalid UTF-8 bytes in the value are replaced by \uFFFD. See /// `String::from_utf8_lossy()` for details. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if `n` has any interior NULs. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// let key = "HOME"; /// match os::getenv(key) { /// Some(val) => println!("{}: {}", key, val), /// None => println!("{} is not defined in the environment.", key) /// } /// ``` pub fn getenv(n: &str) -> Option { getenv_as_bytes(n).map(|v| String::from_utf8_lossy(v.as_slice()).into_owned()) } #[cfg(unix)] /// Fetches the environment variable `n` byte vector from the current process, /// returning None if the variable isn't set. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if `n` has any interior NULs. pub fn getenv_as_bytes(n: &str) -> Option> { use c_str::CString; unsafe { with_env_lock(|| { let s = n.with_c_str(|buf| libc::getenv(buf)); if s.is_null() { None } else { Some(CString::new(s as *const libc::c_char, false).as_bytes_no_nul().to_vec()) } }) } } #[cfg(windows)] /// Fetches the environment variable `n` from the current process, returning /// None if the variable isn't set. pub fn getenv(n: &str) -> Option { unsafe { with_env_lock(|| { use sys::os::fill_utf16_buf_and_decode; let mut n: Vec = n.utf16_units().collect(); n.push(0); fill_utf16_buf_and_decode(|buf, sz| { libc::GetEnvironmentVariableW(n.as_ptr(), buf, sz) }) }) } } #[cfg(windows)] /// Fetches the environment variable `n` byte vector from the current process, /// returning None if the variable isn't set. pub fn getenv_as_bytes(n: &str) -> Option> { getenv(n).map(|s| s.into_bytes()) } /// Sets the environment variable `n` to the value `v` for the currently running /// process. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// let key = "KEY"; /// os::setenv(key, "VALUE"); /// match os::getenv(key) { /// Some(ref val) => println!("{}: {}", key, val), /// None => println!("{} is not defined in the environment.", key) /// } /// ``` pub fn setenv(n: &str, v: T) { #[cfg(unix)] fn _setenv(n: &str, v: &[u8]) { unsafe { with_env_lock(|| { n.with_c_str(|nbuf| { v.with_c_str(|vbuf| { if libc::funcs::posix01::unistd::setenv(nbuf, vbuf, 1) != 0 { panic!(IoError::last_error()); } }) }) }) } } #[cfg(windows)] fn _setenv(n: &str, v: &[u8]) { let mut n: Vec = n.utf16_units().collect(); n.push(0); let mut v: Vec = ::str::from_utf8(v).unwrap().utf16_units().collect(); v.push(0); unsafe { with_env_lock(|| { if libc::SetEnvironmentVariableW(n.as_ptr(), v.as_ptr()) == 0 { panic!(IoError::last_error()); } }) } } _setenv(n, v.container_as_bytes()) } /// Remove a variable from the environment entirely. pub fn unsetenv(n: &str) { #[cfg(unix)] fn _unsetenv(n: &str) { unsafe { with_env_lock(|| { n.with_c_str(|nbuf| { if libc::funcs::posix01::unistd::unsetenv(nbuf) != 0 { panic!(IoError::last_error()); } }) }) } } #[cfg(windows)] fn _unsetenv(n: &str) { let mut n: Vec = n.utf16_units().collect(); n.push(0); unsafe { with_env_lock(|| { if libc::SetEnvironmentVariableW(n.as_ptr(), ptr::null()) == 0 { panic!(IoError::last_error()); } }) } } _unsetenv(n) } /// Parses input according to platform conventions for the `PATH` /// environment variable. /// /// # Example /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// let key = "PATH"; /// match os::getenv_as_bytes(key) { /// Some(paths) => { /// for path in os::split_paths(paths).iter() { /// println!("'{}'", path.display()); /// } /// } /// None => println!("{} is not defined in the environment.", key) /// } /// ``` pub fn split_paths(unparsed: T) -> Vec { sys::os::split_paths(unparsed.container_as_bytes()) } /// Joins a collection of `Path`s appropriately for the `PATH` /// environment variable. /// /// Returns a `Vec` on success, since `Path`s are not utf-8 /// encoded on all platforms. /// /// Returns an `Err` (containing an error message) if one of the input /// `Path`s contains an invalid character for constructing the `PATH` /// variable (a double quote on Windows or a colon on Unix). /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// use std::path::Path; /// /// let key = "PATH"; /// let mut paths = os::getenv_as_bytes(key).map_or(Vec::new(), os::split_paths); /// paths.push(Path::new("/home/xyz/bin")); /// os::setenv(key, os::join_paths(paths.as_slice()).unwrap()); /// ``` pub fn join_paths(paths: &[T]) -> Result, &'static str> { sys::os::join_paths(paths) } /// A low-level OS in-memory pipe. #[deriving(Copy)] pub struct Pipe { /// A file descriptor representing the reading end of the pipe. Data written /// on the `out` file descriptor can be read from this file descriptor. pub reader: c_int, /// A file descriptor representing the write end of the pipe. Data written /// to this file descriptor can be read from the `input` file descriptor. pub writer: c_int, } /// Creates a new low-level OS in-memory pipe. /// /// This function can fail to succeed if there are no more resources available /// to allocate a pipe. /// /// This function is also unsafe as there is no destructor associated with the /// `Pipe` structure will return. If it is not arranged for the returned file /// descriptors to be closed, the file descriptors will leak. For safe handling /// of this scenario, use `std::io::PipeStream` instead. pub unsafe fn pipe() -> IoResult { let (reader, writer) = try!(sys::os::pipe()); Ok(Pipe { reader: reader.unwrap(), writer: writer.unwrap(), }) } /// Returns the proper dll filename for the given basename of a file /// as a String. #[cfg(not(target_os="ios"))] pub fn dll_filename(base: &str) -> String { format!("{}{}{}", consts::DLL_PREFIX, base, consts::DLL_SUFFIX) } /// Optionally returns the filesystem path to the current executable which is /// running but with the executable name. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// match os::self_exe_name() { /// Some(exe_path) => println!("Path of this executable is: {}", exe_path.display()), /// None => println!("Unable to get the path of this executable!") /// }; /// ``` pub fn self_exe_name() -> Option { sys::os::load_self().and_then(Path::new_opt) } /// Optionally returns the filesystem path to the current executable which is /// running. /// /// Like self_exe_name() but without the binary's name. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// match os::self_exe_path() { /// Some(exe_path) => println!("Executable's Path is: {}", exe_path.display()), /// None => println!("Impossible to fetch the path of this executable.") /// }; /// ``` pub fn self_exe_path() -> Option { self_exe_name().map(|mut p| { p.pop(); p }) } /// Optionally returns the path to the current user's home directory if known. /// /// # Unix /// /// Returns the value of the 'HOME' environment variable if it is set /// and not equal to the empty string. /// /// # Windows /// /// Returns the value of the 'HOME' environment variable if it is /// set and not equal to the empty string. Otherwise, returns the value of the /// 'USERPROFILE' environment variable if it is set and not equal to the empty /// string. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// match os::homedir() { /// Some(ref p) => println!("{}", p.display()), /// None => println!("Impossible to get your home dir!") /// } /// ``` pub fn homedir() -> Option { #[inline] #[cfg(unix)] fn _homedir() -> Option { aux_homedir("HOME") } #[inline] #[cfg(windows)] fn _homedir() -> Option { aux_homedir("HOME").or(aux_homedir("USERPROFILE")) } #[inline] fn aux_homedir(home_name: &str) -> Option { match getenv_as_bytes(home_name) { Some(p) => { if p.is_empty() { None } else { Path::new_opt(p) } }, _ => None } } _homedir() } /// Returns the path to a temporary directory. /// /// On Unix, returns the value of the 'TMPDIR' environment variable if it is /// set, otherwise for non-Android it returns '/tmp'. If Android, since there /// is no global temporary folder (it is usually allocated per-app), we return /// '/data/local/tmp'. /// /// On Windows, returns the value of, in order, the 'TMP', 'TEMP', /// 'USERPROFILE' environment variable if any are set and not the empty /// string. Otherwise, tmpdir returns the path to the Windows directory. pub fn tmpdir() -> Path { return lookup(); fn getenv_nonempty(v: &str) -> Option { match getenv(v) { Some(x) => if x.is_empty() { None } else { Path::new_opt(x) }, _ => None } } #[cfg(unix)] fn lookup() -> Path { let default = if cfg!(target_os = "android") { Path::new("/data/local/tmp") } else { Path::new("/tmp") }; getenv_nonempty("TMPDIR").unwrap_or(default) } #[cfg(windows)] fn lookup() -> Path { getenv_nonempty("TMP").or( getenv_nonempty("TEMP").or( getenv_nonempty("USERPROFILE").or( getenv_nonempty("WINDIR")))).unwrap_or(Path::new("C:\\Windows")) } } /// Convert a relative path to an absolute path /// /// If the given path is relative, return it prepended with the current working /// directory. If the given path is already an absolute path, return it /// as is. /// /// # Example /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// use std::path::Path; /// /// // Assume we're in a path like /home/someuser /// let rel_path = Path::new(".."); /// let abs_path = os::make_absolute(&rel_path).unwrap(); /// println!("The absolute path is {}", abs_path.display()); /// // Prints "The absolute path is /home" /// ``` // NB: this is here rather than in path because it is a form of environment // querying; what it does depends on the process working directory, not just // the input paths. pub fn make_absolute(p: &Path) -> IoResult { if p.is_absolute() { Ok(p.clone()) } else { getcwd().map(|mut cwd| { cwd.push(p); cwd }) } } /// Changes the current working directory to the specified path, returning /// whether the change was completed successfully or not. /// /// # Example /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// use std::path::Path; /// /// let root = Path::new("/"); /// assert!(os::change_dir(&root).is_ok()); /// println!("Successfully changed working directory to {}!", root.display()); /// ``` pub fn change_dir(p: &Path) -> IoResult<()> { return sys::os::chdir(p); } /// Returns the platform-specific value of errno pub fn errno() -> uint { sys::os::errno() as uint } /// Return the string corresponding to an `errno()` value of `errnum`. /// /// # Example /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// // Same as println!("{}", last_os_error()); /// println!("{}", os::error_string(os::errno() as uint)); /// ``` pub fn error_string(errnum: uint) -> String { return sys::os::error_string(errnum as i32); } /// Get a string representing the platform-dependent last error pub fn last_os_error() -> String { error_string(errno() as uint) } static EXIT_STATUS: AtomicInt = ATOMIC_INT_INIT; /// Sets the process exit code /// /// Sets the exit code returned by the process if all supervised tasks /// terminate successfully (without panicking). If the current root task panics /// and is supervised by the scheduler then any user-specified exit status is /// ignored and the process exits with the default panic status. /// /// Note that this is not synchronized against modifications of other threads. pub fn set_exit_status(code: int) { EXIT_STATUS.store(code, SeqCst) } /// Fetches the process's current exit code. This defaults to 0 and can change /// by calling `set_exit_status`. pub fn get_exit_status() -> int { EXIT_STATUS.load(SeqCst) } #[cfg(target_os = "macos")] unsafe fn load_argc_and_argv(argc: int, argv: *const *const c_char) -> Vec> { use c_str::CString; use iter::range; range(0, argc as uint).map(|i| { CString::new(*argv.offset(i as int), false).as_bytes_no_nul().to_vec() }).collect() } /// Returns the command line arguments /// /// Returns a list of the command line arguments. #[cfg(target_os = "macos")] fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec> { unsafe { let (argc, argv) = (*_NSGetArgc() as int, *_NSGetArgv() as *const *const c_char); load_argc_and_argv(argc, argv) } } // As _NSGetArgc and _NSGetArgv aren't mentioned in iOS docs // and use underscores in their names - they're most probably // are considered private and therefore should be avoided // Here is another way to get arguments using Objective C // runtime // // In general it looks like: // res = Vec::new() // let args = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] arguments] // for i in range(0, [args count]) // res.push([args objectAtIndex:i]) // res #[cfg(target_os = "ios")] fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec> { use c_str::CString; use iter::range; use mem; #[link(name = "objc")] extern { fn sel_registerName(name: *const libc::c_uchar) -> Sel; fn objc_msgSend(obj: NsId, sel: Sel, ...) -> NsId; fn objc_getClass(class_name: *const libc::c_uchar) -> NsId; } #[link(name = "Foundation", kind = "framework")] extern {} type Sel = *const libc::c_void; type NsId = *const libc::c_void; let mut res = Vec::new(); unsafe { let processInfoSel = sel_registerName("processInfo\0".as_ptr()); let argumentsSel = sel_registerName("arguments\0".as_ptr()); let utf8Sel = sel_registerName("UTF8String\0".as_ptr()); let countSel = sel_registerName("count\0".as_ptr()); let objectAtSel = sel_registerName("objectAtIndex:\0".as_ptr()); let klass = objc_getClass("NSProcessInfo\0".as_ptr()); let info = objc_msgSend(klass, processInfoSel); let args = objc_msgSend(info, argumentsSel); let cnt: int = mem::transmute(objc_msgSend(args, countSel)); for i in range(0, cnt) { let tmp = objc_msgSend(args, objectAtSel, i); let utf_c_str: *const libc::c_char = mem::transmute(objc_msgSend(tmp, utf8Sel)); let s = CString::new(utf_c_str, false); res.push(s.as_bytes_no_nul().to_vec()) } } res } #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "dragonfly"))] fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec> { use rt; rt::args::clone().unwrap_or_else(|| vec![]) } #[cfg(not(windows))] fn real_args() -> Vec { real_args_as_bytes().into_iter() .map(|v| { String::from_utf8_lossy(v.as_slice()).into_owned() }).collect() } #[cfg(windows)] fn real_args() -> Vec { use slice; use iter::range; let mut nArgs: c_int = 0; let lpArgCount: *mut c_int = &mut nArgs; let lpCmdLine = unsafe { GetCommandLineW() }; let szArgList = unsafe { CommandLineToArgvW(lpCmdLine, lpArgCount) }; let args: Vec<_> = range(0, nArgs as uint).map(|i| unsafe { // Determine the length of this argument. let ptr = *szArgList.offset(i as int); let mut len = 0; while *ptr.offset(len as int) != 0 { len += 1; } // Push it onto the list. let ptr = ptr as *const u16; let buf = slice::from_raw_buf(&ptr, len); let opt_s = String::from_utf16(sys::os::truncate_utf16_at_nul(buf)); opt_s.ok().expect("CommandLineToArgvW returned invalid UTF-16") }).collect(); unsafe { LocalFree(szArgList as *mut c_void); } return args } #[cfg(windows)] fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec> { real_args().into_iter().map(|s| s.into_bytes()).collect() } type LPCWSTR = *const u16; #[cfg(windows)] #[link_name="kernel32"] extern "system" { fn GetCommandLineW() -> LPCWSTR; fn LocalFree(ptr: *mut c_void); } #[cfg(windows)] #[link_name="shell32"] extern "system" { fn CommandLineToArgvW(lpCmdLine: LPCWSTR, pNumArgs: *mut c_int) -> *mut *mut u16; } /// Returns the arguments which this program was started with (normally passed /// via the command line). /// /// The first element is traditionally the path to the executable, but it can be /// set to arbitrary text, and it may not even exist, so this property should not /// be relied upon for security purposes. /// /// The arguments are interpreted as utf-8, with invalid bytes replaced with \uFFFD. /// See `String::from_utf8_lossy` for details. /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use std::os; /// /// // Prints each argument on a separate line /// for argument in os::args().iter() { /// println!("{}", argument); /// } /// ``` pub fn args() -> Vec { real_args() } /// Returns the arguments which this program was started with (normally passed /// via the command line) as byte vectors. pub fn args_as_bytes() -> Vec> { real_args_as_bytes() } #[cfg(target_os = "macos")] extern { // These functions are in crt_externs.h. pub fn _NSGetArgc() -> *mut c_int; pub fn _NSGetArgv() -> *mut *mut *mut c_char; } /// Returns the page size of the current architecture in bytes. pub fn page_size() -> uint { sys::os::page_size() } /// A memory mapped file or chunk of memory. This is a very system-specific /// interface to the OS's memory mapping facilities (`mmap` on POSIX, /// `VirtualAlloc`/`CreateFileMapping` on Windows). It makes no attempt at /// abstracting platform differences, besides in error values returned. Consider /// yourself warned. /// /// The memory map is released (unmapped) when the destructor is run, so don't /// let it leave scope by accident if you want it to stick around. #[allow(missing_copy_implementations)] pub struct MemoryMap { data: *mut u8, len: uint, kind: MemoryMapKind, } /// Type of memory map pub enum MemoryMapKind { /// Virtual memory map. Usually used to change the permissions of a given /// chunk of memory. Corresponds to `VirtualAlloc` on Windows. MapFile(*const u8), /// Virtual memory map. Usually used to change the permissions of a given /// chunk of memory, or for allocation. Corresponds to `VirtualAlloc` on /// Windows. MapVirtual } impl Copy for MemoryMapKind {} /// Options the memory map is created with pub enum MapOption { /// The memory should be readable MapReadable, /// The memory should be writable MapWritable, /// The memory should be executable MapExecutable, /// Create a map for a specific address range. Corresponds to `MAP_FIXED` on /// POSIX. MapAddr(*const u8), /// Create a memory mapping for a file with a given HANDLE. #[cfg(windows)] MapFd(libc::HANDLE), /// Create a memory mapping for a file with a given fd. #[cfg(not(windows))] MapFd(c_int), /// When using `MapFd`, the start of the map is `uint` bytes from the start /// of the file. MapOffset(uint), /// On POSIX, this can be used to specify the default flags passed to /// `mmap`. By default it uses `MAP_PRIVATE` and, if not using `MapFd`, /// `MAP_ANON`. This will override both of those. This is platform-specific /// (the exact values used) and ignored on Windows. MapNonStandardFlags(c_int), } impl Copy for MapOption {} /// Possible errors when creating a map. #[deriving(Copy)] pub enum MapError { /// # The following are POSIX-specific /// /// fd was not open for reading or, if using `MapWritable`, was not open for /// writing. ErrFdNotAvail, /// fd was not valid ErrInvalidFd, /// Either the address given by `MapAddr` or offset given by `MapOffset` was /// not a multiple of `MemoryMap::granularity` (unaligned to page size). ErrUnaligned, /// With `MapFd`, the fd does not support mapping. ErrNoMapSupport, /// If using `MapAddr`, the address + `min_len` was outside of the process's /// address space. If using `MapFd`, the target of the fd didn't have enough /// resources to fulfill the request. ErrNoMem, /// A zero-length map was requested. This is invalid according to /// [POSIX](http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/mmap.html). /// Not all platforms obey this, but this wrapper does. ErrZeroLength, /// Unrecognized error. The inner value is the unrecognized errno. ErrUnknown(int), /// # The following are Windows-specific /// /// Unsupported combination of protection flags /// (`MapReadable`/`MapWritable`/`MapExecutable`). ErrUnsupProt, /// When using `MapFd`, `MapOffset` was given (Windows does not support this /// at all) ErrUnsupOffset, /// When using `MapFd`, there was already a mapping to the file. ErrAlreadyExists, /// Unrecognized error from `VirtualAlloc`. The inner value is the return /// value of GetLastError. ErrVirtualAlloc(uint), /// Unrecognized error from `CreateFileMapping`. The inner value is the /// return value of `GetLastError`. ErrCreateFileMappingW(uint), /// Unrecognized error from `MapViewOfFile`. The inner value is the return /// value of `GetLastError`. ErrMapViewOfFile(uint) } impl fmt::Show for MapError { fn fmt(&self, out: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { let str = match *self { ErrFdNotAvail => "fd not available for reading or writing", ErrInvalidFd => "Invalid fd", ErrUnaligned => { "Unaligned address, invalid flags, negative length or \ unaligned offset" } ErrNoMapSupport=> "File doesn't support mapping", ErrNoMem => "Invalid address, or not enough available memory", ErrUnsupProt => "Protection mode unsupported", ErrUnsupOffset => "Offset in virtual memory mode is unsupported", ErrAlreadyExists => "File mapping for specified file already exists", ErrZeroLength => "Zero-length mapping not allowed", ErrUnknown(code) => { return write!(out, "Unknown error = {}", code) }, ErrVirtualAlloc(code) => { return write!(out, "VirtualAlloc failure = {}", code) }, ErrCreateFileMappingW(code) => { return write!(out, "CreateFileMappingW failure = {}", code) }, ErrMapViewOfFile(code) => { return write!(out, "MapViewOfFile failure = {}", code) } }; write!(out, "{}", str) } } impl Error for MapError { fn description(&self) -> &str { "memory map error" } fn detail(&self) -> Option { Some(self.to_string()) } } impl FromError for Box { fn from_error(err: MapError) -> Box { box err } } // Round up `from` to be divisible by `to` fn round_up(from: uint, to: uint) -> uint { let r = if from % to == 0 { from } else { from + to - (from % to) }; if r == 0 { to } else { r } } #[cfg(unix)] impl MemoryMap { /// Create a new mapping with the given `options`, at least `min_len` bytes /// long. `min_len` must be greater than zero; see the note on /// `ErrZeroLength`. pub fn new(min_len: uint, options: &[MapOption]) -> Result { use libc::off_t; if min_len == 0 { return Err(ErrZeroLength) } let mut addr: *const u8 = ptr::null(); let mut prot = 0; let mut flags = libc::MAP_PRIVATE; let mut fd = -1; let mut offset = 0; let mut custom_flags = false; let len = round_up(min_len, page_size()); for &o in options.iter() { match o { MapReadable => { prot |= libc::PROT_READ; }, MapWritable => { prot |= libc::PROT_WRITE; }, MapExecutable => { prot |= libc::PROT_EXEC; }, MapAddr(addr_) => { flags |= libc::MAP_FIXED; addr = addr_; }, MapFd(fd_) => { flags |= libc::MAP_FILE; fd = fd_; }, MapOffset(offset_) => { offset = offset_ as off_t; }, MapNonStandardFlags(f) => { custom_flags = true; flags = f }, } } if fd == -1 && !custom_flags { flags |= libc::MAP_ANON; } let r = unsafe { libc::mmap(addr as *mut c_void, len as libc::size_t, prot, flags, fd, offset) }; if r == libc::MAP_FAILED { Err(match errno() as c_int { libc::EACCES => ErrFdNotAvail, libc::EBADF => ErrInvalidFd, libc::EINVAL => ErrUnaligned, libc::ENODEV => ErrNoMapSupport, libc::ENOMEM => ErrNoMem, code => ErrUnknown(code as int) }) } else { Ok(MemoryMap { data: r as *mut u8, len: len, kind: if fd == -1 { MapVirtual } else { MapFile(ptr::null()) } }) } } /// Granularity that the offset or address must be for `MapOffset` and /// `MapAddr` respectively. pub fn granularity() -> uint { page_size() } } #[cfg(unix)] impl Drop for MemoryMap { /// Unmap the mapping. Panics the task if `munmap` panics. fn drop(&mut self) { if self.len == 0 { /* workaround for dummy_stack */ return; } unsafe { // `munmap` only panics due to logic errors libc::munmap(self.data as *mut c_void, self.len as libc::size_t); } } } #[cfg(windows)] impl MemoryMap { /// Create a new mapping with the given `options`, at least `min_len` bytes long. pub fn new(min_len: uint, options: &[MapOption]) -> Result { use libc::types::os::arch::extra::{LPVOID, DWORD, SIZE_T, HANDLE}; let mut lpAddress: LPVOID = ptr::null_mut(); let mut readable = false; let mut writable = false; let mut executable = false; let mut handle: HANDLE = libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; let mut offset: uint = 0; let len = round_up(min_len, page_size()); for &o in options.iter() { match o { MapReadable => { readable = true; }, MapWritable => { writable = true; }, MapExecutable => { executable = true; } MapAddr(addr_) => { lpAddress = addr_ as LPVOID; }, MapFd(handle_) => { handle = handle_; }, MapOffset(offset_) => { offset = offset_; }, MapNonStandardFlags(..) => {} } } let flProtect = match (executable, readable, writable) { (false, false, false) if handle == libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE => libc::PAGE_NOACCESS, (false, true, false) => libc::PAGE_READONLY, (false, true, true) => libc::PAGE_READWRITE, (true, false, false) if handle == libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE => libc::PAGE_EXECUTE, (true, true, false) => libc::PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, (true, true, true) => libc::PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, _ => return Err(ErrUnsupProt) }; if handle == libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE { if offset != 0 { return Err(ErrUnsupOffset); } let r = unsafe { libc::VirtualAlloc(lpAddress, len as SIZE_T, libc::MEM_COMMIT | libc::MEM_RESERVE, flProtect) }; match r as uint { 0 => Err(ErrVirtualAlloc(errno())), _ => Ok(MemoryMap { data: r as *mut u8, len: len, kind: MapVirtual }) } } else { let dwDesiredAccess = match (executable, readable, writable) { (false, true, false) => libc::FILE_MAP_READ, (false, true, true) => libc::FILE_MAP_WRITE, (true, true, false) => libc::FILE_MAP_READ | libc::FILE_MAP_EXECUTE, (true, true, true) => libc::FILE_MAP_WRITE | libc::FILE_MAP_EXECUTE, _ => return Err(ErrUnsupProt) // Actually, because of the check above, // we should never get here. }; unsafe { let hFile = handle; let mapping = libc::CreateFileMappingW(hFile, ptr::null_mut(), flProtect, 0, 0, ptr::null()); if mapping == ptr::null_mut() { return Err(ErrCreateFileMappingW(errno())); } if errno() as c_int == libc::ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS { return Err(ErrAlreadyExists); } let r = libc::MapViewOfFile(mapping, dwDesiredAccess, ((len as u64) >> 32) as DWORD, (offset & 0xffff_ffff) as DWORD, 0); match r as uint { 0 => Err(ErrMapViewOfFile(errno())), _ => Ok(MemoryMap { data: r as *mut u8, len: len, kind: MapFile(mapping as *const u8) }) } } } } /// Granularity of MapAddr() and MapOffset() parameter values. /// This may be greater than the value returned by page_size(). pub fn granularity() -> uint { use mem; unsafe { let mut info = mem::zeroed(); libc::GetSystemInfo(&mut info); return info.dwAllocationGranularity as uint; } } } #[cfg(windows)] impl Drop for MemoryMap { /// Unmap the mapping. Panics the task if any of `VirtualFree`, /// `UnmapViewOfFile`, or `CloseHandle` fail. fn drop(&mut self) { use libc::types::os::arch::extra::{LPCVOID, HANDLE}; use libc::consts::os::extra::FALSE; if self.len == 0 { return } unsafe { match self.kind { MapVirtual => { if libc::VirtualFree(self.data as *mut c_void, 0, libc::MEM_RELEASE) == 0 { println!("VirtualFree failed: {}", errno()); } }, MapFile(mapping) => { if libc::UnmapViewOfFile(self.data as LPCVOID) == FALSE { println!("UnmapViewOfFile failed: {}", errno()); } if libc::CloseHandle(mapping as HANDLE) == FALSE { println!("CloseHandle failed: {}", errno()); } } } } } } impl MemoryMap { /// Returns the pointer to the memory created or modified by this map. pub fn data(&self) -> *mut u8 { self.data } /// Returns the number of bytes this map applies to. pub fn len(&self) -> uint { self.len } /// Returns the type of mapping this represents. pub fn kind(&self) -> MemoryMapKind { self.kind } } #[cfg(target_os = "linux")] pub mod consts { pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH; pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix"; /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this /// case, `linux`. pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "linux"; /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `lib`. pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `.so`. pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so"; /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`. pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this /// platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ""; /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = ""; } #[cfg(target_os = "macos")] pub mod consts { pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH; pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix"; /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this /// case, `macos`. pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "macos"; /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `lib`. pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `.dylib`. pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".dylib"; /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `dylib`. pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "dylib"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this /// platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ""; /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = ""; } #[cfg(target_os = "ios")] pub mod consts { pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH; pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix"; /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this /// case, `ios`. pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "ios"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this /// platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ""; /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = ""; } #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")] pub mod consts { pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH; pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix"; /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this /// case, `freebsd`. pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "freebsd"; /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `lib`. pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `.so`. pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so"; /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`. pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this /// platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ""; /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = ""; } #[cfg(target_os = "dragonfly")] pub mod consts { pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH; pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix"; /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this /// case, `dragonfly`. pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "dragonfly"; /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `lib`. pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `.so`. pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so"; /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`. pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this /// platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ""; /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = ""; } #[cfg(target_os = "android")] pub mod consts { pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH; pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix"; /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this /// case, `android`. pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "android"; /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `lib`. pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `.so`. pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so"; /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`. pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this /// platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ""; /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = ""; } #[cfg(target_os = "windows")] pub mod consts { pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH; pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "windows"; /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this /// case, `windows`. pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "windows"; /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, the empty string. pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = ""; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this /// platform: in this case, `.dll`. pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".dll"; /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `dll`. pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "dll"; /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this /// platform: in this case, `.exe`. pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".exe"; /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries /// on this platform: in this case, `exe`. pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "exe"; } #[cfg(target_arch = "x86")] mod arch_consts { pub const ARCH: &'static str = "x86"; } #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")] mod arch_consts { pub const ARCH: &'static str = "x86_64"; } #[cfg(target_arch = "arm")] mod arch_consts { pub const ARCH: &'static str = "arm"; } #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] mod arch_consts { pub const ARCH: &'static str = "aarch64"; } #[cfg(target_arch = "mips")] mod arch_consts { pub const ARCH: &'static str = "mips"; } #[cfg(target_arch = "mipsel")] mod arch_consts { pub const ARCH: &'static str = "mipsel"; } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use prelude::v1::*; use iter::repeat; use os::{env, getcwd, getenv, make_absolute}; use os::{split_paths, join_paths, setenv, unsetenv}; use os; use rand::Rng; use rand; #[test] pub fn last_os_error() { debug!("{}", os::last_os_error()); } fn make_rand_name() -> String { let mut rng = rand::thread_rng(); let n = format!("TEST{}", rng.gen_ascii_chars().take(10u) .collect::()); assert!(getenv(n.as_slice()).is_none()); n } #[test] fn test_num_cpus() { assert!(os::num_cpus() > 0); } #[test] fn test_setenv() { let n = make_rand_name(); setenv(n.as_slice(), "VALUE"); assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), Some("VALUE".to_string())); } #[test] fn test_unsetenv() { let n = make_rand_name(); setenv(n.as_slice(), "VALUE"); unsetenv(n.as_slice()); assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), None); } #[test] #[ignore] fn test_setenv_overwrite() { let n = make_rand_name(); setenv(n.as_slice(), "1"); setenv(n.as_slice(), "2"); assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), Some("2".to_string())); setenv(n.as_slice(), ""); assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), Some("".to_string())); } // Windows GetEnvironmentVariable requires some extra work to make sure // the buffer the variable is copied into is the right size #[test] #[ignore] fn test_getenv_big() { let mut s = "".to_string(); let mut i = 0i; while i < 100 { s.push_str("aaaaaaaaaa"); i += 1; } let n = make_rand_name(); setenv(n.as_slice(), s.as_slice()); debug!("{}", s.clone()); assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), Some(s)); } #[test] fn test_self_exe_name() { let path = os::self_exe_name(); assert!(path.is_some()); let path = path.unwrap(); debug!("{}", path.display()); // Hard to test this function assert!(path.is_absolute()); } #[test] fn test_self_exe_path() { let path = os::self_exe_path(); assert!(path.is_some()); let path = path.unwrap(); debug!("{}", path.display()); // Hard to test this function assert!(path.is_absolute()); } #[test] #[ignore] fn test_env_getenv() { let e = env(); assert!(e.len() > 0u); for p in e.iter() { let (n, v) = (*p).clone(); debug!("{}", n); let v2 = getenv(n.as_slice()); // MingW seems to set some funky environment variables like // "=C:=C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\bin" and "!::=::\" that are returned // from env() but not visible from getenv(). assert!(v2.is_none() || v2 == Some(v)); } } #[test] fn test_env_set_get_huge() { let n = make_rand_name(); let s = repeat("x").take(10000).collect::(); setenv(n.as_slice(), s.as_slice()); assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), Some(s)); unsetenv(n.as_slice()); assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), None); } #[test] fn test_env_setenv() { let n = make_rand_name(); let mut e = env(); setenv(n.as_slice(), "VALUE"); assert!(!e.contains(&(n.clone(), "VALUE".to_string()))); e = env(); assert!(e.contains(&(n, "VALUE".to_string()))); } #[test] fn test() { assert!((!Path::new("test-path").is_absolute())); let cwd = getcwd().unwrap(); debug!("Current working directory: {}", cwd.display()); debug!("{}", make_absolute(&Path::new("test-path")).unwrap().display()); debug!("{}", make_absolute(&Path::new("/usr/bin")).unwrap().display()); } #[test] #[cfg(unix)] fn homedir() { let oldhome = getenv("HOME"); setenv("HOME", "/home/MountainView"); assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView"))); setenv("HOME", ""); assert!(os::homedir().is_none()); for s in oldhome.iter() { setenv("HOME", s.as_slice()); } } #[test] #[cfg(windows)] fn homedir() { let oldhome = getenv("HOME"); let olduserprofile = getenv("USERPROFILE"); setenv("HOME", ""); setenv("USERPROFILE", ""); assert!(os::homedir().is_none()); setenv("HOME", "/home/MountainView"); assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView"))); setenv("HOME", ""); setenv("USERPROFILE", "/home/MountainView"); assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView"))); setenv("HOME", "/home/MountainView"); setenv("USERPROFILE", "/home/PaloAlto"); assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView"))); for s in oldhome.iter() { setenv("HOME", s.as_slice()); } for s in olduserprofile.iter() { setenv("USERPROFILE", s.as_slice()); } } #[test] fn memory_map_rw() { use result::Result::{Ok, Err}; let chunk = match os::MemoryMap::new(16, &[ os::MapOption::MapReadable, os::MapOption::MapWritable ]) { Ok(chunk) => chunk, Err(msg) => panic!("{}", msg) }; assert!(chunk.len >= 16); unsafe { *chunk.data = 0xBE; assert!(*chunk.data == 0xBE); } } #[test] fn memory_map_file() { use libc; use os::*; use io::fs::{File, unlink}; use io::SeekStyle::SeekSet; use io::FileMode::Open; use io::FileAccess::ReadWrite; #[cfg(not(windows))] fn get_fd(file: &File) -> libc::c_int { use os::unix::AsRawFd; file.as_raw_fd() } #[cfg(windows)] fn get_fd(file: &File) -> libc::HANDLE { use os::windows::AsRawHandle; file.as_raw_handle() } let mut path = tmpdir(); path.push("mmap_file.tmp"); let size = MemoryMap::granularity() * 2; let mut file = File::open_mode(&path, Open, ReadWrite).unwrap(); file.seek(size as i64, SeekSet).unwrap(); file.write_u8(0).unwrap(); let chunk = MemoryMap::new(size / 2, &[ MapOption::MapReadable, MapOption::MapWritable, MapOption::MapFd(get_fd(&file)), MapOption::MapOffset(size / 2) ]).unwrap(); assert!(chunk.len > 0); unsafe { *chunk.data = 0xbe; assert!(*chunk.data == 0xbe); } drop(chunk); unlink(&path).unwrap(); } #[test] #[cfg(windows)] fn split_paths_windows() { fn check_parse(unparsed: &str, parsed: &[&str]) -> bool { split_paths(unparsed) == parsed.iter().map(|s| Path::new(*s)).collect::>() } assert!(check_parse("", &mut [""])); assert!(check_parse(r#""""#, &mut [""])); assert!(check_parse(";;", &mut ["", "", ""])); assert!(check_parse(r"c:\", &mut [r"c:\"])); assert!(check_parse(r"c:\;", &mut [r"c:\", ""])); assert!(check_parse(r"c:\;c:\Program Files\", &mut [r"c:\", r"c:\Program Files\"])); assert!(check_parse(r#"c:\;c:\"foo"\"#, &mut [r"c:\", r"c:\foo\"])); assert!(check_parse(r#"c:\;c:\"foo;bar"\;c:\baz"#, &mut [r"c:\", r"c:\foo;bar\", r"c:\baz"])); } #[test] #[cfg(unix)] fn split_paths_unix() { fn check_parse(unparsed: &str, parsed: &[&str]) -> bool { split_paths(unparsed) == parsed.iter().map(|s| Path::new(*s)).collect::>() } assert!(check_parse("", &mut [""])); assert!(check_parse("::", &mut ["", "", ""])); assert!(check_parse("/", &mut ["/"])); assert!(check_parse("/:", &mut ["/", ""])); assert!(check_parse("/:/usr/local", &mut ["/", "/usr/local"])); } #[test] #[cfg(unix)] fn join_paths_unix() { fn test_eq(input: &[&str], output: &str) -> bool { join_paths(input).unwrap() == output.as_bytes() } assert!(test_eq(&[], "")); assert!(test_eq(&["/bin", "/usr/bin", "/usr/local/bin"], "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin")); assert!(test_eq(&["", "/bin", "", "", "/usr/bin", ""], ":/bin:::/usr/bin:")); assert!(join_paths(&["/te:st"]).is_err()); } #[test] #[cfg(windows)] fn join_paths_windows() { fn test_eq(input: &[&str], output: &str) -> bool { join_paths(input).unwrap() == output.as_bytes() } assert!(test_eq(&[], "")); assert!(test_eq(&[r"c:\windows", r"c:\"], r"c:\windows;c:\")); assert!(test_eq(&["", r"c:\windows", "", "", r"c:\", ""], r";c:\windows;;;c:\;")); assert!(test_eq(&[r"c:\te;st", r"c:\"], r#""c:\te;st";c:\"#)); assert!(join_paths(&[r#"c:\te"st"#]).is_err()); } // More recursive_mkdir tests are in extra::tempfile }