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      <h1>巴豆</h1>&#13;
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	<img align="right" alt="巴豆的功效与作用" border="3" src="/uploads/allimg/140103/1-140103135S42U.jpg" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" />  【<strong>中药名</strong><u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/badou_156.html" target="_blank">巴豆</a></u> badou</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>别名</strong>】毒鱼子、巴仁、巴果、刚子、江子、老阳子、芒子、药子仁。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>英文名</strong>】Crotonis Fructus。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>药用部位</strong><u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/daji_790.html" target="_blank">大戟</a></u>科植物巴豆Croton tiglium L.的成熟果实。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>植物形态</strong>】常绿小乔木。树皮深灰色,平滑,幼枝绿色,被稀疏星状柔毛;老枝具不明显黄色细纵裂纹。叶互生,托叶早落;叶片卵形,顶端渐长尖,基部圆形或阔楔形,叶缘有疏浅细锯齿,两面均具稀疏星状毛,掌状3出脉,近叶柄两侧各有一无柄腺体。花小,单性,雌雄同株,顶生总状花序,花绿色,雄上雌下,花梗有星状毛;雄花萼片5深裂,花瓣5,反卷,内面密生绵状毛,雄蕊15~20枚,着生于花盘边缘;花盘腺体与萼片对生;雌花花萼5裂,花瓣5,有的无花瓣,花柱3,柱头深2裂。蒴果长圆形至倒卵形,有3~4钝棱,密生星状毛。种子长卵形,淡褐色。花期3~6月,果期6~9月。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>产地分布</strong>】生于山谷、林缘、溪旁或密林中。多为栽培。分布于广西、云南、贵州、四川等地。此外、浙江、江苏等地亦有栽培。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>采收加工</strong>】秋季果实成熟时采收,堆置2~3天,摊开,干燥。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>药材性状</strong>】卵圆形,一般具<u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/sanling_781.html" target="_blank">三棱</a></u>,长1.8~2.2厘米,直径1.4~2厘米。表面灰黄色或稍深,粗糙,有纵线6条,顶端平截,基部有果梗痕。破开果壳,可见3室,每室含种子1粒。种子呈略扁的椭圆形,长1.2~1.5厘米,直径0.7~0.9厘米,表面棕色或灰棕色,一端有小点状的种脐及种阜的疤痕,另端有微凹的合点,其间有隆起的种脊;外种皮薄而脆,内种皮呈白色薄膜;种仁黄白色,油质。无臭,味辛辣。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>性味归经</strong>】性热,味辛。有大毒。归<u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/guijing/weijing/" target="_blank">胃经</a></u><u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/guijing/dachangjing/" target="_blank">大肠经</a></u></p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>功效与作用</strong>】外用蚀疮。属泻下药下属分类的峻下逐水药。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>临床应用</strong>】内服:巴豆霜入丸、散,用量0.1~0.3克;外用:适量,研末涂患处,或捣烂以纱布包擦患处。用于恶疮疥癣、疣痣。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>药理研究</strong>】刺激消化道,产生剧烈腹痛;催吐;兴奋肠肌;增加胆汁和胰腺分泌;抗病原微生物;抗肿瘤;促肿瘤发生;抗炎;致突变;可使血小板凝集。口服巴豆油1滴可致激烈腹泻。煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、流感杆菌等在体外均有一定抑制作用,对小鼠艾氏腹水癌等有明显抑制作用。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>化学成分</strong>】本品含巴豆苷、巴豆酸、<u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/zonglv_1041.html" target="_blank">棕榈</a></u>酸、花生酸、巴豆毒素Ⅰ、巴豆毒素Ⅱ、亚麻酸、巴豆醇等成分。尚含巴豆醇的双酯化合物及疏水性三酯化合物,具刺激性和致癌活性。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>使用禁忌</strong>】无寒实积滞、体虚者及孕妇禁用,不宜与<u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/qianniuzi_716.html" target="_blank">牵牛子</a></u>同用。服巴豆后,不宜食热粥,饮开水等热物,以免加剧泻下。巴豆内服中毒能产生口腔、咽部及胃部的灼热感,刺痛,流涎,恶心,呕吐,上腹剧痛,剧烈腹泻,大便呈米泔样,尿中可出现蛋白、红细胞、白细胞,管型,并可起急性肾功能衰竭而致少尿尿闭。中毒重者出现谵语、发绀,脉细弱,体温和血压下降,呼吸困难,终致呼吸、循环衰竭而死亡。外用可使皮肤黏膜发赤起疱,形成炎症,乃至局部组织坏死,服巴豆后若泻下不止,可以<u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/huanglian_198.html" target="_blank">黄连</a></u><u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/huangbai_208.html" target="_blank">黄柏</a></u><u><a href="http://www.zhongyoo.com/name/lvdou_5930.html" target="_blank">绿豆</a></u>煎汤冷服,或食冷粥,饮大豆汁以缓解。</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  【<strong>配伍药方</strong>】①治肝硬化腹水:巴豆霜3克,轻粉1.5克,放于四、五层纱布上,贴在肚脐上,表面再盖二层纱布,经1~2小时后感到刺痒时即可取下,待水泻,若不泻则再敷。(内蒙古《中草药新医疗法资料选编》)</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  ②治喉痹:白矾(捣碎)60克,巴豆(略捶破)15克。同于铫器内炒,候矾枯,去巴豆不用,碾矾为细末,遇病以水调灌,或干吹入咽喉中。(《百一选方》)</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  ③治咽喉闭塞,不通甚者:巴豆(去大皮)一枚。上钻中心,绵裹,令有出气处。内于鼻中,随时左右,时时吸气令入喉中,立效。(《圣惠方》)</p>&#13;
<p>&#13;
	  ④治小儿痰喘:巴豆一粒,杵烂,绵裹塞鼻,痰即自下。(《古今医鉴》)</p>&#13;
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