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提交 8004bcf0 编写于 作者: P Peter Eisentraut
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Update installation instructions to new realities. Combined into one file. 

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INSTALL
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Installation instructions for PostgreSQL 7.0.2.
PostgreSQL Installation Instructions
If you haven't gotten the PostgreSQL distribution, get it from
ftp.postgresql.org, then unpack it:
Table of Contents
Short Version
Requirements
If You Are Upgrading
Installation Procedure
Post-Installation Setup
Getting Started
What Now?
Supported Platforms
Short Version
./configure
gmake
gmake install
adduser postgres
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
The long version is the rest of this document.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Requirements
In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received explicit testing at the time of
release are listed in the section called Supported Platforms below. In the
doc subdirectory of the distribution there are several platform-specific FAQ
documents you might wish to consult if you are having trouble.
Compiler. You need a Standard ("ANSI") C compiler. Recent versions of GCC
are recommendable, but PostgreSQL is known to build with a wide variety of
compilers from different vendors.
> gunzip postgresql-7.0.2.tar.gz
> tar -xf postgresql-7.0.2.tar
> mv postgresql-7.0.2 /usr/src
Make. Building PostgreSQL requires GNU make; it will not work with other
make programs. GNU make is often installed under the name gmake. This
document will always refer to it by that name. (On GNU/Linux systems GNU
make is the default tool with the name make.) To test for GNU make enter
gmake --version
Before you start
If at all possible you should try to use version 3.76.1 or later. If you
need to get GNU make, you can find it at your local GNU mirror site (see
http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html) or at ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make.
Building PostgreSQL requires GNU make. It will not work with other make
programs. On GNU/Linux systems GNU make is the default tool, on other
systems you may find that GNU make is installed under the name gmake. We
will use that name from now on to indicate GNU make, no matter what name it
has on your system. To test for GNU make enter
Resources. Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 30
MB for the source tree during compilation and about 5 MB for the
installation directory. An empty database takes about 1 MB, later it takes
about five times the amount of space that a flat text file with the same
data would take. If you are going to run the regression tests you will
temporarily need an extra 20 MB. Use the df command to check for disk space.
> gmake --version
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If You Are Upgrading
If you need to get GNU make, you can find it at ftp://ftp.gnu.org.
The internal data storage format changes with new releases of PostgreSQL.
Therefore, if you are upgrading an existing installation that does not have
a version number "7.1.x", you must back up and restore your data as shown
here. These instructions assume that your existing installation is under the
/usr/local/pgsql directory, and that the data area is in
/usr/local/pgsql/data. Substitute your paths appropriately.
Up to date information on supported platforms is at
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/ports.htm. In general, most
Unix-compatible platforms with modern libraries should be able to run
PostgreSQL. In the doc subdirectory of the distribution are several
platform-specific FAQ and README documents you might wish to consult if you
are having trouble.
1. Make sure that your database is not updated during or after the backup.
This does not affect the integrity of the backup, but the changed data
would of course not be included. If necessary, edit the permissions in
the file /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf (or equivalent) to disallow
access from everyone except you.
Although the minimum required memory for running PostgreSQL can be as little
as 8MB, there are noticeable speed improvements when expanding memory up to
96MB or beyond. The rule is you can never have too much memory.
2. To dump your database installation, type:
Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 30 Mbytes for
the source tree during compilation and about 5 Mbytes for the installation
directory. An empty database takes about 1 Mbyte, otherwise they take about
five times the amount of space that a flat text file with the same data
would take. If you run the regression tests you will temporarily need an
extra 20MB.
pg_dumpall > outputfile
To check for disk space, use
If you need to preserve the oids (such as when using them as foreign
keys), then use the -o option when running pg_dumpall.
> df -k
Make sure that you use the pg_dumpall command from the version you are
currently running. 7.1's pg_dumpall should not be used on older
databases.
3. If you are installing the new version at the same location as the old
one then shut down the old server, at the latest before you install the
new files:
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
Versions prior to 7.0 do not have this postmaster.pid file. If you are
using such a version you must find out the process id of the server
yourself, for example by typing ps ax | grep postmaster, and supply it
to the kill command.
On systems which have PostgreSQL started at boot time, there is
probably a startup file that will accomplish the same thing. For
example, on a Redhat Linux system one might find that
/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
works.
Considering today's prices for hard disks, getting a large and fast hard
disk should probably be in your plans before putting a database into
production use.
4. If you are installing in the same place as the old version then it is
also a good idea to move the old installation out of the way, in case
you still need it later on. Use a command like this:
mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old
After you have installed PostgreSQL 7.1, create a new database directory and
start the new server. Remember that you must execute these commands while
logged in to the special database user account (which you already have if
you are upgrading).
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/bin
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/bin
Finally, restore your data with
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d template1 -f outputfile
using the new psql.
You can also install the new version in parallel with the old one to
decrease the downtime. These topic are discussed at length in the
Administrator's Guide, which you are encouraged to read in any case. The
pg_upgrade utility can also often be used.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installation Procedure
PostgreSQL Installation
1. Configuration
For a fresh install or upgrading from previous releases of PostgreSQL:
The first step of the installation procedure to configure the source
tree for your system and choose the options you would like. This is
done by running the configure script. For a default installation,
simply type
1. Create the PostgreSQL superuser account. This is the user the server
will run as. For production use you should create a separate,
unprivileged account (postgres is commonly used). If you do not have
root access or just want to play around, your own user account is
enough.
./configure
Running PostgreSQL as root, bin, or any other account with special
access rights is a security risk; don't do it. The postmaster will in
fact refuse to start as root.
This script will run a number of tests to guess values for various
system dependent variables and detect some quirks of your operating
system, and finally creates several files in the build tree to record
what it found.
You need not do the building and installation itself under this account
(although you can). You will be told when you need to login as the
database superuser.
The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as well
as all client applications and interfaces that only require a C
compiler. All files will be installed under /usr/local/pgsql by
default.
2. Configure the source code for your system. It is this step at which you
can specify your actual installation path for the build process and
make choices about what gets installed. Change into the src
subdirectory and type:
You can customize the build and installation process by giving one or
more of the following command line options to configure:
> ./configure
--prefix=PREFIX
Install all files under the directory PREFIX instead of
/usr/local/pgsql. The actual files will be installed into various
subdirectories; no files will ever be installed directly into the
PREFIX directory.
followed by any options you might want to give it. For a first
installation you should be able to do fine without any. For a complete
list of options, type:
If you have special needs, you can also customize the individual
subdirectories with the following options.
> ./configure --help
--exec-prefix=EXEC-PREFIX
You can install architecture-dependent files under a different
prefix, EXEC-PREFIX, than what PREFIX was set to. This can be
useful to share architecture-independent files between hosts. If
you omit this, then EXEC-PREFIX is set equal to PREFIX and both
architecture dependent and independent files will be installed
under the same tree, which is probably what you want.
Some of the more commonly used ones are:
--bindir=DIRECTORY
--prefix=BASEDIR
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The default is
EXEC-PREFIX/bin, which normally means /usr/local/pgsql/bin.
Selects a different base directory for the installation of
PostgreSQL. The default is /usr/local/pgsql.
--datadir=DIRECTORY
--enable-locale
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the installed
programs. The default is PREFIX/share. Note that this has nothing
to do with where your database files will be placed.
If you want to use locales.
--sysconfdir=DIRECTORY
--enable-multibyte
The directory for various configuration files, PREFIX/etc by
default.
Allows the use of multibyte character encodings. This is primarily
for languages like Japanese, Korean, or Chinese.
--libdir=DIRECTORY
--with-perl
The location to install libraries and dynamically loadable
modules. The default is EXEC-PREFIX/lib.
Builds the Perl interface and plperl extension language. Please
note that the Perl interface needs to be installed into the usual
place for Perl modules (typically under /usr/lib/perl), so you
must have root access to perform the installation step. (It is
often easiest to leave out --with-perl initially, and then build
and install the Perl interface after completing the installation
of PostgreSQL itself.)
--includedir=DIRECTORY
--with-odbc
The directory for installing C and C++ header files. The default
is PREFIX/include.
Builds the ODBC driver package.
--docdir=DIRECTORY
--with-tcl
Documentation files, except "man" pages, will be installed into
this directory. The default is PREFIX/doc.
Builds interface libraries and programs requiring Tcl/Tk,
including libpgtcl, pgtclsh, and pgtksh.
--mandir=DIRECTORY
3. Compile the program. Type
The man pages that come with PostgreSQL will be installed under
this directory, in their respective manx subdirectories.
PREFIX/man.
> gmake
--with-includes=DIRECTORIES
DIRECTORIES is a colon-separated list of directories that will be
added to the list the compiler searches for header files. If you
have optional packages (such as GNU Readline) installed in a
non-standard location you have to use this option and probably the
corresponding --with-libraries option.
The compilation process can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour.
Your mileage will most certainly vary. Remember to use GNU make.
Example: --with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include.
The last line displayed will hopefully be
--with-libraries=DIRECTORIES
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
DIRECTORIES is a colon-separated list of directories to search for
libraries. You will probably have to use this option (and the
corresponding --with-includes option) if you have packages
installed in non-standard locations.
Example: --with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib.
4. If you want to test the newly built server before you install it, you
can run the regression tests at this point. The regression tests are a
test suite to verify that PostgreSQL runs on your machine in the way
the developers expected it to. For detailed instructions see Regression
Test. (Be sure to use the "parallel regress test" method, since the
sequential method only works with an already-installed server.)
--enable-locale
5. If you are not upgrading an existing system, skip to step 7.
If you are running 7.*, skip to step 6.
Enables locale support. There is a performance penalty associated
with locale support, but if you are not in an English-speaking
environment you will most likely need this.
You now need to back up your existing database. To dump your
database installation, type:
--enable-recode
> pg_dumpall > db.out
Enables character set recode support. See doc/README.Charsets for
details on this feature.
--enable-multibyte
If you wish to preserve object id's (oids), then use the -o option when
running pg_dumpall. However, unless you have a special reason for doing
this (such as using OIDs as keys in tables), don't do it.
Allows the use of multibyte character encodings. This is primarily
for languages like Japanese, Korean, and Chinese. Read
doc/README.mb for details.
Make sure to use the pg_dumpall command from the version you are
currently running. 7.0.2's pg_dumpall should not be used on older
databases.
--with-pgport=NUMBER
Caution
You must make sure that your database is not updated in the middle of your
backup. If necessary, bring down postmaster, edit the permissions in file
/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf to allow only you on, then bring
postmaster back up.
Set NUMBER as the default port number for server and clients. The
default is 5432. The port can always be changed later on, but if
you specify it here then both server and clients will have the
same default compiled in, which can be very convenient.
Rather than using pg_dumpall, pg_upgrade can often be used.
--with-CXX
6. If you are upgrading an existing system, kill the database server
now. Type
Build the C++ interface library. configure will automatically pick
the C++ compiler that goes with the C compiler you are using. It
is not recommended or supported to use C and C++ compilers of
different origin in the same build.
> ps ax | grep postmaster
--with-perl
Build the Perl interface module. The Perl interface will be
installed at the usual place for Perl modules (typically under
/usr/lib/perl), so you must have root access to perform the
installation step (see step 4). You need to have Perl 5 installed
to use this option.
or
--with-python
> ps -e | grep postmaster
Build the Python interface module. You need to have root access to
be able to install the Python module at its default place
(/usr/lib/pythonx.y). To be able to use this option, you must have
Python installed and your system needs to support shared
libraries. If you instead want to build a new complete interpreter
binary, you will have to do it manually.
--with-tcl
(It depends on your system which one of these two works. No harm can be
done by typing the wrong one.) This should list the process numbers for
a number of processes, similar to this:
Builds components that require Tcl, which are libpgtcl, pgtclsh,
and PL/Tcl.
263 ? SW 0:00 (postmaster)
777 p1 S 0:00 grep postmaster
--with-x
Use the X Window System. If you specified --with-tcl then this
will enable the build of modules requiring Tcl/Tk, that is, pgtksh
and pgaccess.
Type the following line, with pid replaced by the process id for
process postmaster (263 in the above case). (Do not use the id for the
process "grep postmaster".)
--with-tclconfig=DIRECTORY, --with-tkconfig=DIRECTORY
> kill pid
Tcl/Tk installs the files tclConfig.sh and tkConfig.sh which
contain certain configuration information that is needed to build
modules interfacing to Tcl or Tk. These files are normally found
automatically at their well-known location, but if you want to use
a different version of Tcl or Tk you can specify the directory
where to find them.
--enable-odbc
Tip: On systems which have PostgreSQL started at boot time,
there is probably a startup file that will accomplish the
same thing. For example, on a Redhat Linux system one might
find that
Build the ODBC driver package.
> /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
--with-odbcinst=DIRECTORY
Specifies the directory where the ODBC driver will expect its
odbcinst.ini configuration file. The default is
/usr/local/pgsql/etc or whatever you specified as --sysconfdir. A
default file will be installed there.
works.
--with-krb4=DIRECTORY, --with-krb5=DIRECTORY
If you used pg_dumpall, move the old directory out of the
way. Type the following:
Build with suppport for Kerberos authentication. You can use
either Kerberos version 4 or 5, but not both. The DIRECTORY
argument specifies the root directory of the Kerberos
installation; /usr/athena is assumed as default. If the relevant
headers files and libraries are not under a common parent
directory, then you must use the --with-includes and
--with-libraries options in addition to this option. If, on the
other hand, the required files are in a location that is searched
by default (e.g., /usr/lib), then you can leave off the argument.
> mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old
configure will check for the required header files and libraries
to make sure that your Kerberos installation is sufficient before
proceeding.
--with-krb-srvnam=NAME
(substitute your particular paths).
The name of the Kerberos service principal. "postgres" is the
default. There's probably no reason to change this.
7. Install the PostgreSQL executable files and libraries. Type
--with-krb-srvtab=FILE
> gmake install
Specifies the location of the Kerberos server shared key file
("srvtab"). If you are using Kerberos 4, this defaults to
/etc/srvtab, with Kerberos 5 to
FILE:/usr/local/pgsql/etc/krb5.keytab, or equivalent, depending on
what you set --sysconfdir to above.
--enable-syslog
You should do this step as the user that you want the installed
executables to be owned by. This does not have to be the same as the
database superuser; some people prefer to have the installed files be
owned by root.
Enables the PostgreSQL server to use the syslog logging facility.
(Using this option does not mean that you have to log with syslog
or even that it will be done by default, it simply makes it
possible to turn this option on at run time.)
8. If necessary, tell your system how to find the new shared libraries.
How to do this varies between platforms. The most widely usable method
is to set the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH:
--enable-debug
> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
> export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging symbols. This
means that you can run the programs through a debugger to analyze
problems. This option is not recommended for production use.
Environment variables. You can set the CC environment variable to
choose the C compiler to use. If you don't then configure will look for
one. For example:
on sh, ksh, bash, zsh or
CC=/opt/bin/gcc ./configure
> setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
2. Build
To start the build, type
on csh or tcsh. You might want to put this into a shell startup file
such as /etc/profile.
gmake
On some systems the following is the preferred method, but you must
have root access. Edit file /etc/ld.so.conf to add a line
(Remember to use GNU make.) The build can take anywhere from 5 minutes
to half an hour. The last line displayed should be
/usr/local/pgsql/lib
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
3. Regression Tests
Then run command /sbin/ldconfig.
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it, you
can run the regression tests at this point. The regression tests are a
test suite to verify that PostgreSQL runs on your machine in the way
the developers expected it to. Type
If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system. If you later on
get a message like
gmake -C src/test/regress all runcheck
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
It is possible that some tests fail, due to differences in error
message wording or floating point results. The file
src/test/regress/README and the Administrator's Guide contain detailed
information about interpreting the test results. You can repeat this
test at any later time by issuing the same command.
4. Installing The Files
then the above was necessary. Simply do this step then.
Note: If you are upgrading an existing system and are going
to install the new files over the old ones then you should
have backed up your data and shut down the old server by now,
as explained in the section called If You Are Upgrading
above.
9. If you moved the old directory out of the way,
create the database installation (the working data files). To do this
you must log in to your PostgreSQL superuser account. It will not work
as root.
To install PostgreSQL enter
> mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
> chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
> su - postgres
> /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
gmake install
This will install files into the directories that were specified in
step 1. Make sure that you have appropriate permissions to write into
that area. Normally you need to do this step as root. Alternatively,
you could create the target directories in advance and arrange for
appropriate permissions to be granted.
The -D option specifies the location where the data will be stored. You
can use any path you want, it does not have to be under the
installation directory. Just make sure that the superuser account can
write to the directory (or create it, if it doesn't already exist)
before starting initdb. (If you have already been doing the
installation up to now as the PostgreSQL superuser, you may have to log
in as root temporarily to create the data directory underneath a
root-owned directory.)
If you built the Perl or Python interfaces and you were not the root
user when you executed the above command then that part of the
installation probably failed. In that case you should become the root
user and then do
10. The previous step should have told you how to start up the database
server. Do so now. The command should look something like
gmake -C src/interfaces/perl5 install
gmake -C src/interfaces/python install
> /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
Due to a quirk in the Perl build environment the first command will
actually rebuild the complete interface and then install it. This is
not harmful, just unusual. If you do not have superuser access you are
on your own: you can still take the required files and place them in
other directories where Perl or Python can find them, but how to do
that is left as an exercise.
Client-only installation. If you want to install only the client
applications and interfaces, then you can use these commands:
This will start the server in the foreground. To make it detach to the
background, you can use the -S option, but then you won't see any log
messages the server produces. A better way to put the server in the
background is
gmake -C src/bin install
gmake -C src/interfaces install
gmake -C doc install
> nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
</dev/null >>server.log 2>>1 &
To undo the installation use the command gmake uninstall. However, this
will not remove the Perl and Python interfaces and it will not remove
any directories.
Cleanup. After the installation you can make room by removing the built
files from the source tree with the gmake clean command. This will preserve
the choices made by the configure program, so that you can rebuild
everything with gmake later on. To reset the source tree to the state in
which it was distributed, use gmake distclean. If you are going to build for
several platforms from the same source tree you must do this and
re-configure for each build.
11. If you did a pg_dumpall, reload your data back in:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
> /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d template1 -f db.out
Post-Installation Setup
Shared Libraries
You also might want to copy over the old pg_hba.conf file and any other
files you might have had set up for authentication, such as password
files.
On most systems that have shared libraries (which most systems do) you need
to tell your system how to find the newly installed shared libraries. How to
do this varies between platforms, but the most widely usable method is to
set the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH like so: In Bourne shells (sh,
ksh, bash, zsh)
This concludes the installation proper. To make your life more productive
and enjoyable you should look at the following optional steps and
suggestions:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
* Life will be more convenient if you set up some environment variables.
First of all you probably want to include /usr/local/pgsql/bin (or
equivalent) into your PATH. To do this, add the following to your shell
startup file, such as ~/.bash_profile (or /etc/profile, if you want it
to affect every user):
or in csh or tcsh
> PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
Replace /usr/local/pgsql/lib with whatever you set --libdir to in step 1.
You should put these commands into a shell startup file such as /etc/profile
or ~/.bash_profile.
Furthermore, if you set PGDATA in the environment of the PostgreSQL
superuser, you can omit the -D for postmaster and initdb.
On Linux systems the following is the preferred method, but you must have
root access. Edit the file /etc/ld.so.conf to add a line
* You probably want to install the man and HTML documentation. Type
/usr/local/pgsql/lib
> cd /usr/src/pgsql/postgresql-7.0.2/doc
> gmake install
Then run command /sbin/ldconfig.
If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system. If you later on get a
message like
This will install files under /usr/local/pgsql/doc and
/usr/local/pgsql/man. To enable your system to find the man
documentation, you need to add a line like the following to a shell
startup file:
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
> MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
then this step was necessary. Simply take care of it then.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The documentation is also available in Postscript format. If you have a
Postscript printer, or have your machine already set up to accept
Postscript files using a print filter, then to print the User's Guide
simply type
Environment Variables
> cd /usr/local/pgsql/doc
> gunzip -c user.ps.tz | lpr
If you installed into /usr/local/pgsql or some other location that is not
searched for programs by default, you need to add /usr/local/pgsql/bin (or
what you set --bindir to in step 1) into your PATH. To do this, add the
following to your shell startup file, such as ~/.bash_profile (or
/etc/profile, if you want it to affect every user):
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
Here is how you might do it if you have Ghostscript on your system and
are writing to a laserjet printer.
If you are using csh or tcsh, then use this command:
> gunzip -c user.ps.gz \
| gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -q -dNOPAUSE -sOutputFile=- \
| lpr
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin path )
To enable your system to find the man documentation, you need to add a line
like the following to a shell startup file:
Printer setups can vary wildly from system to system. If in doubt,
consult your manuals or your local expert.
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
The Adminstrator's Guide should probably be your first reading if you
are completely new to PostgreSQL, as it contains information about how
to set up database users and authentication.
The environment variables PGHOST and PGPORT specify to client applications
the host and port of the database server, overriding the compiled-in
defaults. If you are going to run client applications remotely then it is
convenient if every user that plans to use the database sets PGHOST, but it
is not required and the settings can be communicated via command line
options to most client programs.
* Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will
automatically start the database server whenever it boots. This is not
required; the PostgreSQL server can be run successfully from
non-privileged accounts without root intervention.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Different systems have different conventions for starting up daemons at
boot time, so you are advised to familiarize yourself with them. Most
systems have a file /etc/rc.local or /etc/rc.d/rc.local which is almost
certainly no bad place to put such a command. Whatever you do,
postmaster must be run by the PostgreSQL superuser (postgres) and not
by root or any other user. Therefore you probably always want to form
your command lines along the lines of su -c '...' postgres.
Getting Started
It might be advisable to keep a log of the server output. To start the
server that way try:
The following is a quick summary of how to get PostgreSQL up and running
once installed. The Administrator's Guide contains more information.
> nohup su -c 'postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data > server.log 2>&1' postgres &
1. Create the PostgreSQL server account. This is the user the server will
run as. For production use you should create a separate, unprivileged
account ("postgres" is commonly used). If you do not have root access
or just want to play around, your own user account is enough, but
running the server as root is a security risk and therefore not
allowed.
adduser postgres
Here are a few more operating system specific suggestions.
2. Create a database installation with the initdb command. To run initdb
you must be logged in to your PostgreSQL server account. It will not
work as root.
o Edit file rc.local on NetBSD or file rc2.d on SPARC Solaris 2.5.1
to contain the following single line:
root# mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
root# chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
root# su - postgres
postgres$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
> su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -S -D /usr/local/pgsql/data"
The -D option specifies the location where the data will be stored. You
can use any path you want, it does not have to be under the
installation directory. Just make sure that the server account can
write to the directory (or create it, if it doesn't already exist)
before starting initdb, as illustrated here.
3. The previous step should have told you how to start up the database
server. Do so now. The command should look something like
o In FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE edit /usr/local/etc/rc.d/pgsql.sh to
contain the following lines and make it chmod 755 and chown
root:bin.
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
#!/bin/sh
[ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ] && {
su -l pgsql -c 'exec /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
-D/usr/local/pgsql/data
-S -o -F > /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' &
echo -n ' pgsql'
}
This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server in the
background use something like
nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
</dev/null >>server.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
You may put the line breaks as shown above. The shell is smart
enough to keep parsing beyond end-of-line if there is an
expression unfinished. The exec saves one layer of shell under the
postmaster process so the parent is init.
To stop a server running in the background you can type
o In RedHat Linux add a file /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init which is
based on the example in contrib/linux/. Then make a softlink to
this file from /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgres.init.
kill `cat /usr/local/psgql/data/postmaster.pid`
* Run the regression tests against the installed server (using the
sequential test method). If you didn't run the tests before
installation, you should definitely do it now. For detailed
instructions see Regression Test.
In order to allow TCP/IP connections (rather than only Unix domain
socket ones) you need to pass the -i option to postmaster.
To start experimenting with Postgres, set up the paths as explained above
and start the server. To create a database, type
4. Create a database:
> createdb testdb
createdb testdb
Then enter
Then enter
psql testdb
> psql testdb
to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL commands
and start experimenting.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL commands and
start experimenting.
What Now?
* The Tutorial should be your first reading if you are completely new to
SQL databases. It should have been installed at
/usr/local/pgsql/doc/tutorial/index.html unless you changed the
installation directories.
* If you are familiar with database concepts then you want to proceed
with the Administrator's Guide, which contains information about how to
set up the database server, database users, and authentication. It can
be found at /usr/local/pgsql/doc/admin/index.html.
* Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will
automatically start the database server whenever it boots. Some
suggestions for this are in the Administrator's Guide.
* Run the regression tests against the installed server (using the
sequential test method). If you didn't run the tests before
installation, you should definitely do it now. This is also explained
in the Administrator's Guide.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Supported Platforms
At the time of release, PostgreSQL 7.1 has been verified by the developer
community to work on the following platforms. A supported platform generally
means that PostgreSQL builds and installs according to these instructions
and that the regression tests pass, except for minor differences.
Note: If you are having problems with the installation on a
supported platform, please write to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org> or
<pgsql-ports@postgresql.org>, not to the people listed here.
OS Processor Version Reported Remarks
AIX 4.3.2 RS6000 7.0 2000-04-05, Andread Zeugswetter See also
(<Andreas.Zeugswetter@telecom.at>) doc/FAQ_AIX
BSDI 4.01 x86 7.0 2000-04-04, Bruce Momjian
(<pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>)
Compaq Tru64 Alpha 7.0 2000-04-11, Andrew McMurry
5.0 (<andrew.mcmurry@astro.uio.no>)
FreeBSD 4.0 x86 7.0 2000-04-04, Marc Fournier
(<scrappy@hub.org>)
HPUX 9.0x andPA-RISC 7.0 2000-04-12, Tom Lane
10.20 (<tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>)
IRIX 6.5.6f MIPS 6.5.3 2000-02-18, Kevin Wheatley MIPSPro
(<hxpro@cinesite.co.uk>) 7.3.1.1m N32
build
Linux 2.0.x Alpha 7.0 2000-04-05, Ryan Kirkpatrick with published
(<pgsql@rkirkpat.net>) patches
Linux 2.2.x armv4l 7.0 2000-04-17, Mark Knox Regression
(<segfault@hardline.org>) test needs
work.
Linux 2.2.x x86 7.0 2000-03-26, Lamar Owen
(<lamar.owen@wgcr.org>)
Linux 2.0.x MIPS 7.0 2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii Cobalt Qube
(<t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)
Linux 2.2.5 Sparc 7.0 2000-04-02, Tom Szybist
(<szybist@boxhill.com>)
LinuxPPC R4 PPC603e 7.0 2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii
(<t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)
mklinux PPC750 7.0 2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii
(<t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)
NetBSD 1.4 arm32 7.0 2000-04-08, Patrick Welche
(<prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk>)
NetBSD 1.4U x86 7.0 2000-03-26, Patrick Welche
(<prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk>)
NetBSD m68k 7.0 2000-04-10, Henry B. Hotz Mac 8xx
(<hotz@jpl.nasa.gov>)
NetBSD Sparc 7.0 2000-04-13, Tom I. Helbekkmo
(<tih@kpnQwest.no>)
QNX 4.25 x86 7.0 2000-04-01, Dr. Andreas Kardos
(<kardos@repas-aeg.de>)
SCO x86 6.5 1999-05-25, Andrew Merrill
OpenServer 5 (<andrew@compclass.com>)
SCO UnixWare x86 7.0 2000-04-18, Billy G. Allie See also
7 (<Bill.Allie@mug.org>) doc/FAQ_SCO
Solaris x86 7.0 2000-04-12, Marc Fournier
(<scrappy@hub.org>)
Solaris Sparc 7.0 2000-04-12, Peter Eisentraut
2.5.1-2.7 (<peter_e@gmx.net>), Marc Fournier
(<scrappy@hub.org>)
SunOS 4.1.4 Sparc 7.0 2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii
(<t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)
Windows/Win32x86 7.0 2000-04-02, Magnus Hagander Client-side
(<mha@sollentuna.net>) libraries or
ODBC/JDBC, no
server-side
WinNT/Cygwin x86 7.0 2000-03-30, Daniel Horak with
(<horak@sit.plzen-city.cz>) RedHat/Cygnus
Cygwin toolset
Unsupported Platforms. The following platforms have not been verified to
work. Platforms listed for version 6.3.x and later should also work with
7.1, but we did not receive explicit confirmation of such at the time this
list was compiled. We include these here to let you know that these
platforms could be supported if given some attention.
OS Processor Version Reported Remarks
BeOS x86 7.0 2000-05-01, Adam Haberlach Client-side
(<adam@newsnipple.com>) coming soon?
DGUX m88k 6.3 1998-03-01, Brian E Gallew 6.4 probably
5.4R4.11 (<geek+@cmu.edu>) OK. Needs new
maintainer.
NetBSD 1.3VAX 6.3 1998-03-01, Tom I Helbekkmo 7.0 should
(<tih@kpnQwest.no>) work.
System V m88k 6.2.1 1998-03-01, Doug Winterburn Needs new TAS
R4 4.4 (<dlw@seavme.xroads.com>) spinlock code
System V MIPS 6.4 1998-10-28, Frank Ridderbusch No 64-bit
R4 (<ridderbusch.pad@sni.de>) integer
Ultrix MIPS, VAX 6.x 1998-03-01 No recent
reports.
Obsolete?
MacOS all 6.x 1998-03-01 Not library
compatible;
use ODBC/JDBC.
NextStep x86 6.x 1998-03-01, David Wetzel Client-only
(<dave@turbocat.de>) support
doc/src/sgml/Makefile
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......@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
#
#
# IDENTIFICATION
# $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Makefile,v 1.16 2000/07/16 14:50:38 petere Exp $
# $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Makefile,v 1.17 2000/07/21 00:44:11 petere Exp $
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
......@@ -199,3 +199,22 @@ distclean:
%.gif:
cp -p ../graphics/$@ .
# Generation of the INSTALL text file. Not fully automated, but better
# than nothing.
.PHONY: INSTALL
INSTALL: INSTALL.html
@echo "|";\
echo "| You should now take \`$<', save it as a text file in Netscape,";\
echo "| and put it in place of the existing \`INSTALL' file.";\
echo "|"
@rm -f tempfile.html tempfile.sgml
INSTALL.html: tempfile.html
sed -e 's/Chapter 1. *//g' < $< > $@
tempfile.html: tempfile.sgml
jade -d $(HDSL) -V nochunks -t sgml $< > $@
tempfile.sgml: standalone-install.sgml installation.sgml
cat $+ > $@
doc/src/sgml/admin.sgml
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<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/admin.sgml,v 1.24 2000/06/30 16:14:21 petere Exp $
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/admin.sgml,v 1.25 2000/07/21 00:44:12 petere Exp $
Postgres Administrator's Guide.
Derived from postgres.sgml.
......@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ Derived from postgres.sgml.
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [
<!entity version "7.1">
<!entity majorversion "7.1">
<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
<!entity info SYSTEM "info.sgml">
......@@ -16,13 +19,9 @@ Derived from postgres.sgml.
<!entity problems SYSTEM "problems.sgml">
<!entity y2k SYSTEM "y2k.sgml">
<!entity config SYSTEM "config.sgml">
<!entity intro-ag SYSTEM "intro-ag.sgml">
<!entity install SYSTEM "install.sgml">
<!entity installation SYSTEM "installation.sgml">
<!entity installw SYSTEM "install-win32.sgml">
<!entity layout SYSTEM "layout.sgml">
<!entity ports SYSTEM "ports.sgml">
<!entity release SYSTEM "release.sgml">
<!entity runtime SYSTEM "runtime.sgml">
<!entity client-auth SYSTEM "client-auth.sgml">
<!entity manage-ag SYSTEM "manage-ag.sgml">
......@@ -30,8 +29,13 @@ Derived from postgres.sgml.
<!entity backup SYSTEM "backup.sgml">
<!entity recovery SYSTEM "recovery.sgml">
<!entity regress SYSTEM "regress.sgml">
<!entity release SYSTEM "release.sgml">
<!entity biblio SYSTEM "biblio.sgml">
<!-- see standalone-install.sgml about these -->
<!entity % flattext-install-ignore "INCLUDE">
<!entity % flattext-install-include "IGNORE">
]>
<book id="admin">
......@@ -75,19 +79,6 @@ Derived from postgres.sgml.
</bookinfo>
<!--
<TOC> </TOC>
<LOT> </LOT>
-->
<!--
<Dedication>
<Para>
Your name here...
</Para>
</Dedication>
-->
<preface id="preface">
<title>Summary</title>
......@@ -104,11 +95,7 @@ Your name here...
</preface>
&intro-ag;
&ports;
&config;
&layout;
&install;
&installation;
&installw;
&runtime;
&client-auth;
......
doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml
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<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml,v 2.1 2000/06/30 16:14:21 petere Exp $ -->
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml,v 2.2 2000/07/21 00:44:12 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="backup">
<title>Backup and Restore</title>
......@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ tar -cf backup.tar /usr/local/pgsql/data
</sect1>
<sect1>
<sect1 id="migration">
<title>Migration between releases</title>
<para>
......
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<chapter>
<title>Configuration Options</title>
<sect1>
<title>Parameters for Configuration
(<application>configure</application>)</title>
<para>
The full set of parameters available in <application>configure</application>
can be obtained by typing
<programlisting>
$ ./configure --help
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following parameters may be of interest to installers:
<programlisting>
Directories to install PostgreSQL in:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local/pgsql]
--bindir=DIR user executables in DIR [EPREFIX/bin]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries in DIR [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files in DIR [PREFIX/include]
--mandir=DIR man documentation in DIR [PREFIX/man]
Features and packages:
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--enable and --with options recognized:
--with-template=<replaceable>template</replaceable>
use operating system template file
see template directory
--with-includes=<replaceable>dirs</replaceable> look for header files for tcl/tk, etc in DIRS
--with-libraries=<replaceable>dirs</replaceable> look for additional libraries in DIRS
--with-libs=<replaceable>dirs</replaceable> alternate spelling of --with-libraries
--enable-locale enable locale support
--enable-recode enable cyrillic recode support
--enable-multibyte enable multibyte character support
--with-pgport=<replaceable>portnum</replaceable> change default postmaster port
--with-maxbackends=<replaceable>n</replaceable> set default maximum number of server processes
--with-tcl build Tcl interfaces and pgtclsh
--with-tclconfig=<replaceable>tcldir</replaceable>
tclConfig.sh and tkConfig.sh are in DIR
--with-perl build Perl interface and plperl
--with-odbc build ODBC driver package
--with-odbcinst=<replaceable>odbcdir</replaceable>
change default directory for odbcinst.ini
--enable-cassert enable assertion checks (for debugging)
--enable-debug build with debugging symbols (-g)
--with-CC=<replaceable>compiler</replaceable>
use specific C compiler
--with-CXX=<replaceable>compiler</replaceable>
use specific C++ compiler
--without-CXX prevent building C++ code
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Some systems may have trouble building a specific feature of
<productname>Postgres</productname>. For example, systems with a damaged
C++ compiler may need to specify <option>--without-CXX</option> to instruct
the build procedure to skip construction of <filename>libpq++</filename>.
</para>
<para>
Use the <option>--with-includes</option> and
<option>--with-libraries</option> options if you want to build
<productname>Postgres</productname> using include files or libraries
that are not installed in your system's standard search path. For
example, you might use these to build with an experimental version of
Tcl. If you need to specify more than one nonstandard directory for
include files or libraries, do it like this:
<programlisting>
--with-includes="/opt/tcl/include /opt/perl5/include"
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Parameters for Building (<application>make</application>)</title>
<para>
Many installation-related parameters can be set in the building
stage of <productname>Postgres</productname> installation.
</para>
<para>
In most cases, these parameters should be placed in a file,
<filename>Makefile.custom</filename>, intended just for that purpose.
The default distribution does not contain this optional file, so you
will create it using a text editor of your choice. When upgrading installations,
you can simply copy your old Makefile.custom to the new installation before
doing the build.
</para>
<para>
Alternatively, you can set variables on the <application>make</application>
command line:
<programlisting>
make [ <replaceable>variable</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable> [...] ]
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
A few of the many variables that can be specified are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>POSTGRESDIR</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Top of the installation tree.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>BINDIR</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Location of applications and utilities.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>LIBDIR</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Location of object libraries, including shared libraries.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>HEADERDIR</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Location of include files.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>ODBCINST</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Location of installation-wide <application>psqlODBC</application>
(<acronym>ODBC</acronym>) configuration file.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
There are other optional parameters which are not as commonly used.
Many of those listed below are appropriate when doing
<application>Postgres</application> server code development.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>CFLAGS</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set flags for the C compiler.
Should be assigned with "+=" to retain relevant default parameters.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>YFLAGS</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set flags for the yacc/bison parser. <option>-v</option> might be
used to help diagnose problems building a new parser.
Should be assigned with "+=" to retain relevant default parameters.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>USE_TCL</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable Tcl interface building.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>HSTYLE</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
DocBook <acronym>HTML</acronym> style sheets for building the
documentation from scratch.
Not used unless you are developing new documentation from the
DocBook-compatible <acronym>SGML</acronym> source documents in
<filename>doc/src/sgml/</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<envar>PSTYLE</envar>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
DocBook style sheets for building printed documentation from scratch.
Not used unless you are developing new documentation from the
DocBook-compatible <acronym>SGML</acronym> source documents in
<filename>doc/src/sgml/</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
Here is an example <filename>Makefile.custom</filename> for a
PentiumPro Linux system:
<programlisting>
# Makefile.custom
# Thomas Lockhart 1999-06-01
POSTGRESDIR= /opt/postgres/current
CFLAGS+= -m486 -O2
# documentation
HSTYLE= /home/tgl/SGML/db118.d/docbook/html
PSTYLE= /home/tgl/SGML/db118.d/docbook/print
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
Local variables:
mode:sgml
sgml-omittag:nil
sgml-shorttag:t
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
sgml-indent-step:1
sgml-indent-data:t
sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
End:
-->
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<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/install.sgml,v 1.45 2000/06/05 17:07:53 momjian Exp $
-->
<chapter id="install">
<title>Installation</title>
<abstract>
<para>
Installation instructions for
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.0.2.
</para>
</abstract>
<para>
If you haven't gotten the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> distribution,
get it from <ulink url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org">ftp.postgresql.org</ulink>,
then unpack it:
<programlisting>
&gt; gunzip postgresql-7.0.2.tar.gz
&gt; tar -xf postgresql-7.0.2.tar
&gt; mv postgresql-7.0.2 /usr/src
</programlisting>
</para>
<sect1>
<title>Before you start</title>
<para>
Building <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> requires <acronym>GNU</acronym>
<application>make</application>. It will <emphasis>not</emphasis>
work with other <application>make</application> programs. On GNU/Linux systems
GNU make is the default tool, on other systems you may find that
GNU <application>make</application> is installed under the name
<literal>gmake</literal>.
We will use that name from now on to indicate <acronym>GNU</acronym>
<application>make</application>, no matter what name it has on your system.
To test for <acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</application> enter
<programlisting>
&gt; <userinput>gmake --version</userinput>
</programlisting>
If you need to get <acronym>GNU</acronym>
<application>make</application>, you can
find it at <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org">ftp://ftp.gnu.org</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
Up to date information on supported platforms is at
<ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/ports.htm">
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/ports.htm</ulink>.
In general, most Unix-compatible platforms with modern libraries
should be able to run
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. In the
<filename>doc</filename> subdirectory
of the distribution are several platform-specific FAQ and README documents you
might wish to consult if you are having trouble.
</para>
<para>
Although the minimum required memory for running
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
can be as little as 8MB, there are noticeable speed improvements
when expanding memory
up to 96MB or beyond. The rule is you can never have too much memory.
</para>
<para>
Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about
30 Mbytes for the source tree during compilation and about 5 Mbytes for
the installation directory. An empty database takes about 1 Mbyte, otherwise
they take about five times the amount of space that a flat text file with the
same data would take. If you run the regression tests you will temporarily need
an extra 20MB.
</para>
<para>
To check for disk space, use
<programlisting>
&gt; df -k
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Considering today's prices for hard disks, getting a large and
fast hard disk should
probably be in your plans before putting a database into production use.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Installation Procedure</title>
<procedure>
<title><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Installation</title>
<para>
For a fresh install or upgrading from previous releases of
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>:
</para>
<step performance="optional">
<para>
Create the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> superuser account.
This is the user the server will run as. For production use you
should create a separate, unprivileged account
(<literal>postgres</literal> is commonly used).
If you do not have root access or just want to play around,
your own user account is enough.
</para>
<para>
Running <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> as
<literal>root</literal>, <literal>bin</literal>,
or any other account with special access rights is a security risk;
<emphasis>don't do it</emphasis>. The postmaster will in fact refuse
to start as <literal>root</literal>.
</para>
<para>
You need not do the building and installation itself under this account
(although you can). You will be told when you need to login as the
database superuser.
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required">
<para>
Configure the source code for your system. It is this step at which
you can specify your actual installation path for the build process
and make choices about what gets installed. Change into the
<filename>src</filename>
subdirectory and type:
<programlisting>
&gt; ./configure
</programlisting>
followed by any options you might want to give it. For a first installation
you should be able to do fine without any.
For a complete list of options, type:
<programlisting>
&gt; ./configure --help
</programlisting>
Some of the more commonly used ones are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>--prefix=BASEDIR</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Selects a different base directory for the installation of
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. The default is
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-locale</term>
<listitem>
<para>
If you want to use locales.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-multibyte</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows the use of multibyte character encodings. This is primarily for
languages like Japanese, Korean, or Chinese.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-perl</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Builds the Perl interface and plperl extension language.
Please note that the Perl interface needs to be
installed into the usual place for Perl modules (typically under
<filename>/usr/lib/perl</filename>), so you must have root access
to perform the installation step. (It is often easiest to leave out
<option>--with-perl</option> initially, and then build and install the
Perl interface after completing the installation of PostgreSQL
itself.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-odbc</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Builds the ODBC driver package.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-tcl</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Builds interface libraries and programs requiring
Tcl/Tk, including libpgtcl, pgtclsh, and pgtksh.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required">
<para>
Compile the program. Type
<programlisting>
&gt; gmake
</programlisting>
The compilation process can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour.
Your mileage will most certainly vary. Remember to use GNU make.
</para>
<para>
The last line displayed will hopefully be
<programlisting>
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
</programlisting>
</para>
</step>
<step performance="optional">
<para>
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it,
you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression tests
are a test suite to verify that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
runs on your machine in the way the developers expected it to.
For detailed instructions see <xref endterm="regress-title"
linkend="regress">.
(Be sure to use the "parallel regress test" method, since the sequential
method only works with an already-installed server.)
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required">
<para>
If you are not upgrading an existing system, skip to
<xref linkend="continue">.
</para>
<para>
If you are running 7.*, skip to step
<xref linkend="nodump">.
</para>
<para>
You now need to back up your existing database.
To dump your database installation, type:
<programlisting>
&gt; pg_dumpall > db.out
</programlisting>
If you wish to preserve object id's (oids), then use the -o
option when running <application>pg_dumpall</application>.
However, unless you have a
special reason for doing this (such as using OIDs as keys
in tables), don't do it.
</para>
<para>
Make sure to use the <application>pg_dumpall</application>
command from the version you are currently running.
7.0.2's <application>pg_dumpall</application> should not
be used on older databases.
</para>
<caution>
<para>
You must make sure that your database is not updated in the middle of
your backup. If necessary, bring down postmaster, edit the permissions
in file <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</filename>
to allow only you on, then
bring <application>postmaster</application> back up.
</para>
</caution>
<para>
Rather than using <application>pg_dumpall</application>,
<application>pg_upgrade</application> can often be used.
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required" id="nodump">
<para>
If you are upgrading an existing system, kill the database
server now. Type
<programlisting>
&gt; ps ax | grep postmaster
</programlisting>
or
<programlisting>
&gt; ps -e | grep postmaster
</programlisting>
(It depends on your system which one of these two works. No harm can be done
by typing the wrong one.)
This should list the process numbers for a number of processes, similar
to this:
<programlisting>
263 ? SW 0:00 (postmaster)
777 p1 S 0:00 grep postmaster
</programlisting>
Type the following line, with <replaceable>pid</replaceable>
replaced by the process id for process <literal>postmaster</literal>
(263 in the above case). (Do not use the id for the process
"grep postmaster".)
<programlisting>
&gt; kill <replaceable>pid</replaceable>
</programlisting>
</para>
<tip>
<para>
On systems which have <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
started at boot time, there
is probably a startup file that will accomplish the same
thing. For example, on a
Redhat Linux system one might find that
<programlisting>
&gt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
</programlisting>
works.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
If you used pg_dumpall, move the old directory out of the way.
Type the following:
<programlisting>
&gt; mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old
</programlisting>
(substitute your particular paths).
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required" id="continue">
<para>
Install the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> executable files and
libraries. Type
<programlisting>
&gt; gmake install
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
You should do this step as the user that you want the installed executables
to be owned by. This does not have to be the same as the database superuser;
some people prefer to have the installed files be owned by root.
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required">
<para>
If necessary, tell your system how to find the new shared libraries.
How to do this varies between platforms. The most widely usable method
is to set the environment variable
<envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</envar>:
<programlisting>
&gt; LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
&gt; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
</programlisting>
on sh, ksh, bash, zsh or
<programlisting>
&gt; setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
on csh or tcsh.
You might want to put this into a shell startup file such as
<filename>/etc/profile</filename>.
</para>
<para>
On some systems the following is the preferred method, but you must have root
access. Edit file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> to add a line
<programlisting>
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/lib</filename>
</programlisting>
Then run command <command>/sbin/ldconfig</command>.
</para>
<para>
If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system. If you later on get
a message like
<programlisting>
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
</programlisting>
then the above was necessary. Simply do this step then.
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required">
<para>
If you moved the old directory out of the way,
create the database installation (the working data files).
To do this you must log in to your
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> superuser account. It will not
work as root.
<programlisting>
&gt; mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
&gt; chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
&gt; su - postgres
&gt; /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The <option>-D</option> option specifies the location where the data will be
stored. You can use any path you want, it does not have to be under
the installation directory. Just make sure that the superuser account
can write to the directory (or create it, if it doesn't already exist)
before starting <command>initdb</command>.
(If you have already been doing the installation up to now as the
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
superuser, you may have to log in as root temporarily to create the data
directory underneath a root-owned directory.)
</para>
</step>
<step performance="required">
<para>
The previous step should have told you how to start up the database server.
Do so now. The command should look something like
<programlisting>
&gt; /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
</programlisting>
This will start the server in the foreground. To make it detach to
the background, you can use the <option>-S</option> option, but then you won't
see any log messages the server produces. A better way to put the server
in the background is
<programlisting>
&gt; nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
&lt;/dev/null &gt;>server.log 2&gt;>1 &amp;
</programlisting>
</para>
</step>
<step performance="optional">
<para>
If you did a pg_dumpall, reload your data back in:
<programlisting>
&gt; /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d template1 -f db.out
</programlisting>
You also might want to copy over the old <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>
file and any other files you might have had set up for authentication, such
as password files.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>
This concludes the installation proper. To make your life more
productive and enjoyable
you should look at the following optional steps and suggestions:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Life will be more convenient if you set up some environment
variables. First of all
you probably want to include
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename> (or equivalent)
into your <envar>PATH</envar>. To do this, add the following to
your shell startup
file, such as <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> (or
<filename>/etc/profile</filename>,
if you want it to affect every user):
<programlisting>
&gt; PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Furthermore, if you set <envar>PGDATA</envar> in the environment
of the PostgreSQL
superuser, you can omit the <option>-D</option> for
<filename>postmaster</filename>
and <filename>initdb</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You probably want to install the <application>man</application> and
<acronym>HTML</acronym> documentation. Type
<programlisting>
&gt; cd /usr/src/pgsql/postgresql-7.0.2/doc
&gt; gmake install
</programlisting>
This will install files under <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/doc</filename>
and <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/man</filename>. To enable your system
to find the <application>man</application> documentation, you need to
add a line like the following to a shell startup file:
<programlisting>
&gt; MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The documentation is also available in Postscript format. If you have
a Postscript printer, or have your machine already set up to accept
Postscript files using a print filter, then to print the User's Guide
simply type
<programlisting>
&gt; cd /usr/local/pgsql/doc
&gt; gunzip -c user.ps.tz | lpr
</programlisting>
Here is how you might do it if you have Ghostscript on your system and are
writing to a laserjet printer.
<programlisting>
&gt; gunzip -c user.ps.gz \
| gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -q -dNOPAUSE -sOutputFile=- \
| lpr
</programlisting>
Printer setups can vary wildly from system to system.
If in doubt, consult your manuals or your local expert.
</para>
<para>
The Adminstrator's Guide should probably be your first reading if you
are completely new to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, as it contains
information about how to set up database users and authentication.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will automatically
start the database server whenever it boots.
This is not required; the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server can
be run successfully from non-privileged accounts without root intervention.
</para>
<para>
Different systems have different conventions for starting up
daemons at boot time,
so you are advised to familiarize yourself with them.
Most systems have a file <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> or
<filename>/etc/rc.d/rc.local</filename> which is almost
certainly no bad place
to put such a command.
Whatever you do, postmaster must be run by the
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
superuser (<literal>postgres</literal>) <emphasis>and not by
root</emphasis> or
any other user. Therefore you probably always want to form your command lines
along the lines of <literal>su -c '...' postgres</literal>.
</para>
<para>
It might be advisable to keep a log of the server output. To
start the server that way
try:
<programlisting>
&gt; nohup su -c 'postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data > server.log 2>&1' postgres &
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Here are a few more operating system specific suggestions.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Edit file rc.local on NetBSD or file rc2.d on SPARC Solaris
2.5.1 to contain the following single line:
<programlisting>
&gt; su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -S -D /usr/local/pgsql/data"
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
In FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE edit /usr/local/etc/rc.d/pgsql.sh to
contain the following lines and make it chmod 755 and chown
root:bin.
<programlisting>
#!/bin/sh
[ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ] && {
su -l pgsql -c 'exec /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
-D/usr/local/pgsql/data
-S -o -F > /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' &
echo -n ' pgsql'
}
</programlisting>
You may put the line breaks as shown above. The shell is smart
enough to keep parsing beyond end-of-line if there is an
expression unfinished. The exec saves one layer of shell under
the postmaster process so the parent is init.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
In RedHat Linux add a file
<filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init</filename>
which is based on the example in <filename>contrib/linux/</filename>.
Then make a softlink to this file from
<filename>/etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgres.init</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Run the regression tests against the installed server (using the sequential
test method). If you didn't run the tests before installation, you should
definitely do it now.
For detailed instructions see
<xref endterm="regress-title" linkend="regress">.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
To start experimenting with <productname>Postgres</productname>,
set up the paths as explained above
and start the server. To create a database, type
<programlisting>
&gt; createdb testdb
</programlisting>
Then enter
<programlisting>
&gt; psql testdb
</programlisting>
to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL commands
and start experimenting.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml
浏览文件 @ 8004bcf0
<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.11 2000/05/04 16:15:08 thomas Exp $
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.12 2000/07/21 00:44:12 petere Exp $ -->
Postgres quick Installation Guide.
- thomas 1998-10-26
-->
<chapter id="installation">
<title><![%flattext-install-include[<productname>PostgreSQL</> ]]>Installation Instructions</title>
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [
<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
<!entity info SYSTEM "info.sgml">
<!entity legal SYSTEM "legal.sgml">
<!entity notation SYSTEM "notation.sgml">
<!entity y2k SYSTEM "y2k.sgml">
<!entity config SYSTEM "config.sgml">
<!entity intro-ag SYSTEM "intro-ag.sgml">
<!entity install SYSTEM "install.sgml">
<!entity options SYSTEM "pg_options.sgml">
<!entity ports SYSTEM "ports.sgml">
<!entity recovery SYSTEM "recovery.sgml">
<!entity regress SYSTEM "regress.sgml">
<!entity release SYSTEM "release.sgml">
<!entity runtime SYSTEM "runtime.sgml">
<!entity start-ag SYSTEM "start-ag.sgml">
<!entity biblio SYSTEM "biblio.sgml">
]>
<book id="installation">
<!-- Title information -->
<title>PostgreSQL Installation Guide</title>
<bookinfo>
<releaseinfo>Covering v7.0 for general release</releaseinfo>
<bookbiblio>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>The PostgreSQL Development Team</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<!-- editor in authorgroup is not supported
<AuthorGroup>
-->
<editor>
<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
<surname>Lockhart</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>Caltech/JPL</orgname>
</affiliation>
</editor>
<!--
</AuthorGroup>
-->
<sect1 id="short">
<title>Short Version</title>
<!--
<AuthorInitials>TGL</AuthorInitials>
-->
<para>
<programlisting>
./configure
gmake
gmake install
adduser postgres
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
</programlisting>
The long version is the rest of this
<![%flattext-install-include;[document.]]>
<![%flattext-install-ignore;[chapter.]]>
</para>
</sect1>
<date>(last updated 2000-05-01)</date>
</bookbiblio>
<legalnotice>
<sect1 id="requirements">
<title>Requirements</title>
<para>
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is Copyright &copy; 1996-2000
by PostgreSQL Inc.
In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received explicit testing at the
time of release are listed in <xref linkend="supported-platforms">
below. In the <filename>doc</> subdirectory of the distribution
there are several platform-specific <acronym>FAQ</> documents you
might wish to consult if you are having trouble.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<formalpara>
<title>Compiler</>
<para>
You need a Standard (<quote>ANSI</>) C compiler. Recent versions
of <productname>GCC</> are recommendable, but <productname>PostgreSQL</> is known to
build with a wide variety of compilers from different vendors.
</para>
</formalpara>
<!--
<TOC> </TOC>
<LOT> </LOT>
-->
<formalpara>
<title>Make</title>
<para>
Building <productname>PostgreSQL</> requires <acronym>GNU</> <application>make</>; it
will <emphasis>not</> work with other <application>make</>
programs. <acronym>GNU</> <application>make</> is often installed
under the name <filename>gmake</filename>. This document will
always refer to it by that name. (On GNU/Linux systems GNU make is
the default tool with the name <filename>make</filename>.) To test
for <acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</application> enter
<screen>
<userinput>gmake --version</userinput>
</screen>
If at all possible you should try to use version 3.76.1 or later.
If you need to get <acronym>GNU</acronym>
<application>make</application>, you can find it at your local
<acronym>GNU</acronym> mirror site (see <ulink
url="http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html">http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html</>)
or at <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make</ulink>.
</para>
</formalpara>
<!--
<Dedication>
<Para>
Your name here...
</Para>
</Dedication>
-->
<formalpara>
<title>Resources</>
<para>
Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 30
MB for the source tree during compilation and about 5 MB for the
installation directory. An empty database takes about 1 MB, later
it takes about five times the amount of space that a flat text
file with the same data would take. If you are going to run the
regression tests you will temporarily need an extra 20 MB. Use the
<command>df</command> command to check for disk space.
</para>
</formalpara>
</sect1>
<![%flattext-install-ignore;[
<sect1>
<title>Getting The Source</title>
<para>
The <productname>PostgreSQL</> &version; sources can by obtained from <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-&version;.tar.gz"
>ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-&version;.tar.gz</ulink>.
Use a mirror if possible. Then unpack it:
<screen>
<userinput>gunzip postgresql-&version;.tar.gz</userinput>
<userinput>tar xf postgresql-&version;.tar</userinput>
</screen>
This will create a directory
<filename>postgresql-&version;</filename> with the <productname>PostgreSQL</> sources
in the current directory. Change into that directory for the rest
of the installation procedure.
</para>
</sect1>
]]>
<sect1 id="install-upgrading">
<title>If You Are Upgrading</title>
<para>
The internal data storage format changes with new releases of
<productname>PostgreSQL</>. Therefore, if you are upgrading an existing installation
that does not have a version number
<quote>&majorversion;.x</quote>, you must back up and restore your
data as shown here. These instructions assume that your existing
installation is under the <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</> directory,
and that the data area is in <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data</>.
Substitute your paths appropriately.
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>
Make sure that your database is not updated during or after the
backup. This does not affect the integrity of the backup, but the
changed data would of course not be included. If necessary, edit
the permissions in the file
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</> (or equivalent) to
disallow access from everyone except you.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
To dump your database installation, type:
<screen>
<userinput>pg_dumpall &gt; <replaceable>outputfile</></userinput>
</screen>
If you need to preserve the oids (such as when using them as
foreign keys), then use the -o option when running
<application>pg_dumpall</>.
</para>
<para>
Make sure that you use the <application>pg_dumpall</> command
from the version you are currently running. &version;'s
<application>pg_dumpall</> should not be used on older databases.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
If you are installing the new version at the same location as the
old one then shut down the old server, at the latest before you
install the new files:
<screen>
<userinput>kill -INT `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`</>
</screen>
Versions prior to 7.0 do not have this
<filename>postmaster.pid</> file. If you are using such a version
you must find out the process id of the server yourself, for
example by typing <userinput>ps ax | grep postmaster</>, and
supply it to the <command>kill</> command.
</para>
<para>
On systems which have <productname>PostgreSQL</> started at boot time, there is
probably a startup file that will accomplish the same thing. For
example, on a Redhat Linux system one might find that
<programlisting>
/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
</programlisting>
works.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
If you are installing in the same place as the old version then
it is also a good idea to move the old installation out of the
way, in case you still need it later on. Use a command like this:
<screen>
<userinput>mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old</>
</screen>
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>
After you have installed <productname>PostgreSQL</> &version;, create a new database
directory and start the new server. Remember that you must execute
these commands while logged in to the special database user account
(which you already have if you are upgrading).
<programlisting>
<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/bin</>
<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/bin</>
</programlisting>
Finally, restore your data with
<screen>
<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d template1 -f <replaceable>outputfile</></userinput>
</screen>
using the <emphasis>new</> <application>psql</>.
</para>
<para>
You can also install the new version in parallel with the old one
to decrease the downtime. These topic are discussed at length in
<![%flattext-install-include[the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</>,]]>
<![%flattext-install-ignore[<xref linkend="migration">,]]>
which you are encouraged
to read in any case. The <application>pg_upgrade</> utility can
also often be used.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Installation Procedure</title>
<procedure>
<step id="configure">
<title>Configuration</>
<para>
The first step of the installation procedure to configure the
source tree for your system and choose the options you would like.
This is done by running the <filename>configure</> script. For a
default installation, simply type
<screen>
<userinput>./configure</userinput>
</screen>
This script will run a number of tests to guess values for various
system dependent variables and detect some quirks of your
operating system, and finally creates several files in the build
tree to record what it found.
</para>
<para>
The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as
well as all client applications and interfaces that only require a
C compiler. All files will be installed under
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql</> by default.
</para>
<para>
You can customize the build and installation process by giving one
or more of the following command line options to
<filename>configure</filename>:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>--prefix=<replaceable>PREFIX</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Install all files under the directory <replaceable>PREFIX</>
instead of <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>. The actual
files will be installed into various subdirectories; no files
will ever be installed directly into the
<replaceable>PREFIX</> directory.
</para>
<para>
If you have special needs, you can also customize the
individual subdirectories with the following options.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--exec-prefix=<replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
You can install architecture-dependent files under a
different prefix, <replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</>, than what
<replaceable>PREFIX</> was set to. This can be useful to
share architecture-independent files between hosts. If you
omit this, then <replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</> is set equal to
<replaceable>PREFIX</> and both architecture dependent and
independent files will be installed under the same tree,
which is probably what you want.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--bindir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The default
is <filename><replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</>/bin</>, which
normally means <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--datadir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the
installed programs. The default is
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</>/share</>. Note that this has
nothing to do with where your database files will be placed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--sysconfdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The directory for various configuration files,
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</>/etc</> by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--libdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The location to install libraries and dynamically loadable
modules. The default is
<filename><replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</>/lib</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<preface>
<title>Summary</title>
<varlistentry>
<term>--includedir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The directory for installing C and C++ header files. The
default is <filename><replaceable>PREFIX</>/include</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--docdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<productname>Postgres</productname>,
developed originally in the UC Berkeley Computer Science Department,
pioneered many of the object-relational concepts
now becoming available in some commercial databases.
It provides SQL92/SQL3 language support,
transaction integrity, and type extensibility.
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is an open-source descendant
of this original Berkeley code.
Documentation files, except <quote>man</> pages, will be
installed into this directory. The default is
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</>/doc</>.
</para>
</preface>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<chapter>
<title>Introduction</title>
<varlistentry>
<term>--mandir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The man pages that come with <productname>PostgreSQL</> will be installed under
this directory, in their respective
<filename>man<replaceable>x</></> subdirectories.
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</>/man</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-includes=<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This installation procedure makes some assumptions about the desired configuration
and runtime environment for your system. This may be adequate for many installations,
and is almost certainly adequate for a first installation. But you may want to
do an initial installation up to the point of unpacking the source tree
and installing documentation, and then print or browse the
<citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle>.
<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</> is a colon-separated list of
directories that will be added to the list the compiler
searches for header files. If you have optional packages
(such as GNU Readline) installed in a non-standard location
you have to use this option and probably the corresponding
<option>--with-libraries</> option.
</para>
<para>
Example: <literal>--with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</chapter>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-libraries=<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</> is a colon-separated list of
directories to search for libraries. You will probably have
to use this option (and the corresponding
<option>--with-includes</> option) if you have packages
installed in non-standard locations.
</para>
<para>
Example: <literal>--with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-locale</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables locale support. There is a performance penalty
associated with locale support, but if you are not in an
English-speaking environment you will most likely need this.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
&ports;
&install;
&config;
&release;
&regress;
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-recode</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables character set recode support. See
<filename>doc/README.Charsets</> for details on this feature.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-multibyte</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows the use of multibyte character encodings. This is
primarily for languages like Japanese, Korean, and Chinese.
Read <filename>doc/README.mb</> for details.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-pgport=<replaceable>NUMBER</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set <replaceable>NUMBER</> as the default port number for
server and clients. The default is 5432. The port can always
be changed later on, but if you specify it here then both
server and clients will have the same default compiled in,
which can be very convenient.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-CXX</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the C++ interface library. <filename>configure</> will
automatically pick the C++ compiler that goes with the C
compiler you are using. It is not recommended or supported to
use C and C++ compilers of different origin in the same
build.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-perl</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the Perl interface module. The Perl interface
will be installed at the usual place for Perl modules
(typically under <filename>/usr/lib/perl</filename>), so you
must have root access to perform the installation step (see
<xref linkend="install">). You need to have Perl 5 installed to
use this option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-python</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the Python interface module. You need to have root
access to be able to install the Python module at its default
place
(<filename>/usr/lib/python<replaceable>x</>.<replaceable>y</></>).
To be able to use this option, you must have Python installed
and your system needs to support shared libraries. If you
instead want to build a new complete interpreter binary, you
will have to do it manually.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-tcl</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Builds components that require Tcl, which are libpgtcl,
pgtclsh, and PL/Tcl.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-x</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use the X Window System. If you specified --with-tcl then this
will enable the build of modules requiring Tcl/Tk, that is,
pgtksh and pgaccess.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-tclconfig=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></term>
<term>--with-tkconfig=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Tcl/Tk installs the files <filename>tclConfig.sh</filename> and
<filename>tkConfig.sh</filename> which contain certain
configuration information that is needed to build modules
interfacing to Tcl or Tk. These files are normally found
automatically at their well-known location, but if you want to
use a different version of Tcl or Tk you can specify the
directory where to find them.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-odbc</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the ODBC driver package.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-odbcinst=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the directory where the ODBC driver will expect its
<filename>odbcinst.ini</> configuration file. The default is
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/etc</filename> or whatever you
specified as <option>--sysconfdir</option>. A default file
will be installed there.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-krb4=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<term>--with-krb5=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with suppport for Kerberos authentication. You can use
either Kerberos version 4 or 5, but not both. The
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</> argument specifies the root
directory of the Kerberos installation;
<filename>/usr/athena</> is assumed as default. If the
relevant headers files and libraries are not under a common
parent directory, then you must use the
<option>--with-includes</> and <option>--with-libraries</>
options in addition to this option. If, on the other hand,
the required files are in a location that is searched by
default (e.g., <filename>/usr/lib</>), then you can leave off
the argument.
</para>
<para>
<filename>configure</> will check for the required header
files and libraries to make sure that your Kerberos
installation is sufficient before proceeding.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-krb-srvnam=<replaceable>NAME</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name of the Kerberos service principal.
<quote>postgres</quote> is the default. There's probably no
reason to change this.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--with-krb-srvtab=<replaceable>FILE</></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the location of the Kerberos server shared key file
(<quote>srvtab</>). If you are using Kerberos 4, this
defaults to <filename>/etc/srvtab</>, with Kerberos 5 to
<filename>FILE:/usr/local/pgsql/etc/krb5.keytab</>, or
equivalent, depending on what you set <option>--sysconfdir</>
to above.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-syslog</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables the <productname>PostgreSQL</> server to use the
syslog logging facility. (Using this option does not mean
that you have to log with syslog or even that it will be done
by default, it simply makes it possible to turn this option
on at run time.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>--enable-debug</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging symbols.
This means that you can run the programs through a debugger
to analyze problems. This option is not recommended for
production use.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<formalpara>
<title>Environment variables</>
<para>
You can set the <envar>CC</> environment variable to choose the C
compiler to use. If you don't then <filename>configure</> will
look for one. For example:
<screen>
<userinput>CC=/opt/bin/gcc ./configure</>
</screen>
</para>
</formalpara>
</step>
<step>
<title>Build</title>
<para>
To start the build, type
<screen>
<userinput>gmake</userinput>
</screen>
(Remember to use <acronym>GNU</> <application>make</>.) The build
can take anywhere from 5 minutes to half an hour. The last line
displayed should be
<screen>
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
</screen>
</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Regression Tests</title>
<para>
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it,
you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression
tests are a test suite to verify that <productname>PostgreSQL</> runs on your machine
in the way the developers expected it to. Type
<screen>
<userinput>gmake -C src/test/regress all runcheck</userinput>
<!-- XXX How about just `gmake check'? -->
</screen>
It is possible that some tests fail, due to differences in error
message wording or floating point results. The file
<filename>src/test/regress/README</> and
<![%flattext-install-include[the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle>]]>
<![%flattext-install-ignore[<xref linkend="regress">]]>
contain detailed
information about interpreting the test results. You can repeat
this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
</para>
</step>
<step id="install">
<title>Installing The Files</title>
<note>
<para>
If you are upgrading an existing system and are going to install
the new files over the old ones then you should have backed up
your data and shut down the old server by now, as explained in
<xref linkend="install-upgrading"> above.
</para>
</note>
<para>
To install <productname>PostgreSQL</> enter
<screen>
<userinput>gmake install</userinput>
</screen>
This will install files into the directories that were specified
in <xref linkend="configure">. Make sure that you have appropriate
permissions to write into that area. Normally you need to do this
step as root. Alternatively, you could create the target
directories in advance and arrange for appropriate permissions to
be granted.
</para>
<para>
If you built the Perl or Python interfaces and you were not the
root user when you executed the above command then that part of
the installation probably failed. In that case you should become
the root user and then do
<screen>
<userinput>gmake -C src/interfaces/perl5 install</userinput>
<userinput>gmake -C src/interfaces/python install</userinput>
</screen>
Due to a quirk in the Perl build environment the first command
will actually rebuild the complete interface and then install it.
This is not harmful, just unusual. If you do not have superuser
access you are on your own: you can still take the required files
and place them in other directories where Perl or Python can find
them, but how to do that is left as an exercise.
</para>
<formalpara>
<title>Client-only installation</title>
<para>
If you want to install only the client applications and
interfaces, then you can use these commands:
<screen>
<userinput>gmake -C src/bin install</>
<userinput>gmake -C src/interfaces install</>
<userinput>gmake -C doc install</>
</screen>
</para>
</formalpara>
<para>
To undo the installation use the command <command>gmake
uninstall</>. However, this will not remove the Perl and Python
interfaces and it will not remove any directories.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<formalpara>
<title>Cleanup</>
<para>
After the installation you can make room by removing the built
files from the source tree with the <command>gmake clean</>
command. This will preserve the choices made by the configure
program, so that you can rebuild everything with <command>gmake</>
later on. To reset the source tree to the state in which it was
distributed, use <command>gmake distclean</>. If you are going to
build for several platforms from the same source tree you must do
this and re-configure for each build.
</para>
</formalpara>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Post-Installation Setup</title>
<sect2>
<title>Shared Libraries</title>
<para>
On most systems that have shared libraries (which most systems do)
you need to tell your system how to find the newly installed
shared libraries. How to do this varies between platforms, but the
most widely usable method is to set the environment variable
<envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</> like so: In Bourne shells (sh, ksh,
bash, zsh)
<programlisting>
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
</programlisting>
or in csh or tcsh
<programlisting>
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
Replace <literal>/usr/local/pgsql/lib</> with whatever you set
<option><literal>--libdir</></> to in <xref linkend="configure">.
You should put these commands into a shell startup file such as
<filename>/etc/profile</> or <filename>~/.bash_profile</>.
</para>
<para>
On Linux systems the following is the preferred method, but you
must have root access. Edit the file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</>
to add a line
<programlisting>
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/lib</>
</programlisting>
Then run command <command>/sbin/ldconfig</>.
</para>
<para>
If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system. If you later
on get a message like
<screen>
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
</screen>
then this step was necessary. Simply take care of it then.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Environment Variables</title>
<para>
If you installed into <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</> or some other
location that is not searched for programs by default, you need to
add <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</> (or what you set
<option><literal>--bindir</></> to in <xref linkend="configure">)
into your <envar>PATH</>. To do this, add the following to your
shell startup file, such as <filename>~/.bash_profile</> (or
<filename>/etc/profile</>, if you want it to affect every user):
<programlisting>
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
</programlisting>
If you are using csh or tcsh, then use this command:
<programlisting>
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin path )
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
To enable your system to find the <application>man</>
documentation, you need to add a line like the following to a
shell startup file:
<programlisting>
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The environment variables <envar>PGHOST</> and <envar>PGPORT</>
specify to client applications the host and port of the database
server, overriding the compiled-in defaults. If you are going to
run client applications remotely then it is convenient if every
user that plans to use the database sets <envar>PGHOST</>, but it
is not required and the settings can be communicated via command
line options to most client programs.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<![%flattext-install-include;[
<sect1>
<title>Getting Started</title>
<para>
The following is a quick summary of how to get <productname>PostgreSQL</> up and
running once installed. The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</>
contains more information.
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>
Create the <productname>PostgreSQL</> server account. This is the user the server
will run as. For production use you should create a separate,
unprivileged account (<quote>postgres</> is commonly used). If
you do not have root access or just want to play around, your own
user account is enough, but running the server as root is a
security risk and therefore not allowed.
<screen>
<userinput>adduser postgres</>
</screen>
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Create a database installation with the <command>initdb</>
command. To run <command>initdb</> you must be logged in to your
<productname>PostgreSQL</> server account. It will not work as
root.
<screen>
root# <userinput>mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
root# <userinput>chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
root# <userinput>su - postgres</>
postgres$ <userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
The <option>-D</> option specifies the location where the data
will be stored. You can use any path you want, it does not have
to be under the installation directory. Just make sure that the
server account can write to the directory (or create it, if it
doesn't already exist) before starting <command>initdb</>, as
illustrated here.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
The previous step should have told you how to start up the
database server. Do so now. The command should look something
like
<programlisting>
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
</programlisting>
This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server
in the background use something like
<programlisting>
nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
&lt;/dev/null &gt;&gt;server.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt;/dev/null &amp;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
To stop a server running in the background you can type
<programlisting>
kill `cat /usr/local/psgql/data/postmaster.pid`
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
In order to allow TCP/IP connections (rather than only Unix
domain socket ones) you need to pass the <option>-i</> option to
<filename>postmaster</>.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Create a database:
<screen>
<userinput>createdb testdb</>
</screen>
Then enter
<screen>
<userinput>psql testdb</>
</screen>
to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL
commands and start experimenting.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>What Now?</title>
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The <citetitle>Tutorial</> should be your first reading if you
are completely new to <acronym>SQL</> databases. It should have
been installed at
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/doc/tutorial/index.html</> unless you
changed the installation directories.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you are familiar with database concepts then you want to
proceed with the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle>,
which contains information about how to set up the database
server, database users, and authentication. It can be found at
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/doc/admin/index.html</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will
automatically start the database server whenever it boots. Some
suggestions for this are in the <citetitle>Administrator's
Guide</citetitle>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Run the regression tests against the installed server (using the
sequential test method). If you didn't run the tests before
installation, you should definitely do it now. This is also
explained in the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<!-- do we still ship this? -->
<!--
<INDEX> </INDEX>
<para>
The documentation is also available in Postscript format. If you
have a Postscript printer, or have your machine already set up to
accept Postscript files using a print filter, then to print, for
example the <citetitle>User's Guide</> simply type
<programlisting>
cd /usr/local/pgsql/doc
gunzip -c user.ps.gz | lpr
</programlisting>
Here is how you might do it if you have <productname>Ghostscript</>
installed on your system and are writing to a Laserjet printer.
<programlisting>
gunzip -c user.ps.gz \
| gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -q -dNOPAUSE -sOutputFile=- \
| lpr
</programlisting>
Printer setups can vary wildly from system to system. If in doubt,
consult your manuals or your local expert.
</para>
-->
</book>
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
Local variables:
mode:sgml
sgml-omittag:nil
sgml-shorttag:t
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
sgml-indent-step:1
sgml-indent-data:t
sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
End:
-->
</sect1>
]]>
<sect1 id="supported-platforms">
<title>Supported Platforms</title>
<para>
At the time of release, <productname>PostgreSQL</> &version; has been verified by the
developer community to work on the following platforms. A supported
platform generally means that <productname>PostgreSQL</> builds and installs according
to these instructions and that the regression tests pass, except
for minor differences.
</para>
<note>
<para>
If you are having problems with the installation on a supported
platform, please write to <email>pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org</email>
or <email>pgsql-ports@postgresql.org</email>, not to the people
listed here.
</para>
</note>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
<entry><acronym>OS</acronym></entry>
<entry>Processor</entry>
<entry>Version</entry>
<entry>Reported</entry>
<entry>Remarks</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>AIX 4.3.2</entry>
<entry>RS6000</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-05, Andread Zeugswetter (<email>Andreas.Zeugswetter@telecom.at</>)</entry>
<entry>See also <filename>doc/FAQ_AIX</></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>BSDI 4.01</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-04, Bruce Momjian (<email>pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</>)</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Compaq Tru64 5.0</entry>
<entry>Alpha</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-11, Andrew McMurry (<email>andrew.mcmurry@astro.uio.no</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>FreeBSD 4.0</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-04, Marc Fournier (<email>scrappy@hub.org</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>HPUX 9.0x and 10.20</entry>
<entry>PA-RISC</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-12, Tom Lane (<email>tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>IRIX 6.5.6f</entry>
<entry>MIPS</entry>
<entry>6.5.3</entry>
<entry>2000-02-18, Kevin Wheatley (<email>hxpro@cinesite.co.uk</>)</entry>
<entry>MIPSPro 7.3.1.1m N32 build</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.0.x</entry>
<entry>Alpha</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-05, Ryan Kirkpatrick (<email>pgsql@rkirkpat.net</>)</entry>
<entry>with published patches</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.2.x</entry>
<entry>armv4l</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-17, Mark Knox (<email>segfault@hardline.org</>)</entry>
<entry>Regression test needs work.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.2.x</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-03-26, Lamar Owen (<email>lamar.owen@wgcr.org</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.0.x</entry>
<entry>MIPS</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (<email>t-ishii@sra.co.jp</>)</entry>
<entry>Cobalt Qube</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.2.5</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-02, Tom Szybist (<email>szybist@boxhill.com</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>LinuxPPC R4</entry>
<entry>PPC603e</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (<email>t-ishii@sra.co.jp</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>mklinux</entry>
<entry>PPC750</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (<email>t-ishii@sra.co.jp</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD 1.4</entry>
<entry>arm32</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-08, Patrick Welche (<email>prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD 1.4U</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-03-26, Patrick Welche (<email>prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD</entry>
<entry>m68k</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-10, Henry B. Hotz (<email>hotz@jpl.nasa.gov</>)</entry>
<entry>Mac 8xx</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13, Tom I. Helbekkmo (<email>tih@kpnQwest.no</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>QNX 4.25</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-01, Dr. Andreas Kardos (<email>kardos@repas-aeg.de</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SCO OpenServer 5</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>6.5</entry>
<entry>1999-05-25, Andrew Merrill (<email>andrew@compclass.com</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SCO UnixWare 7</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-18, Billy G. Allie (<email>Bill.Allie@mug.org</>)</entry>
<entry>See also <filename>doc/FAQ_SCO</></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Solaris</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-12, Marc Fournier (<email>scrappy@hub.org</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Solaris 2.5.1-2.7</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-12, Peter Eisentraut (<email>peter_e@gmx.net</email>),
Marc Fournier (<email>scrappy@hub.org</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SunOS 4.1.4</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (<email>t-ishii@sra.co.jp</>)</entry>
<entry></>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Windows/Win32</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-02, Magnus Hagander (<email>mha@sollentuna.net</>)</entry>
<entry>Client-side libraries or ODBC/JDBC, no server-side</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>WinNT/Cygwin</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-03-30, Daniel Horak (<email>horak@sit.plzen-city.cz</>)</entry>
<entry>with RedHat/Cygnus <productname>Cygwin</> toolset</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<formalpara>
<title>Unsupported Platforms</title>
<para>
The following platforms have not been verified to work. Platforms
listed for version 6.3.x and later should also work with
&version;, but we did not receive explicit confirmation of such at
the time this list was compiled. We include these here to let you
know that these platforms <emphasis>could</> be supported if given
some attention.
</para>
</formalpara>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
<entry><acronym>OS</acronym></entry>
<entry>Processor</entry>
<entry>Version</entry>
<entry>Reported</entry>
<entry>Remarks</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>BeOS</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-05-01, Adam Haberlach (<email>adam@newsnipple.com</>)</entry>
<entry>Client-side coming soon?</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>DGUX 5.4R4.11</entry>
<entry>m88k</entry>
<entry>6.3</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01, Brian E Gallew (<email>geek+@cmu.edu</>)</entry>
<entry>6.4 probably OK. Needs new maintainer.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD 1.3</entry>
<entry>VAX</entry>
<entry>6.3</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01, Tom I Helbekkmo (<email>tih@kpnQwest.no</>)</entry>
<entry>7.0 should work.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>System V R4 4.4</entry>
<entry>m88k</entry>
<entry>6.2.1</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01, Doug Winterburn (<email>dlw@seavme.xroads.com</>)</entry>
<entry>Needs new TAS spinlock code</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>System V R4</entry>
<entry>MIPS</entry>
<entry>6.4</entry>
<entry>1998-10-28, Frank Ridderbusch (<email>ridderbusch.pad@sni.de</>)</entry>
<entry>No 64-bit integer</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Ultrix</entry>
<entry>MIPS, VAX</entry>
<entry>6.x</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>No recent reports. Obsolete?</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>MacOS</entry>
<entry>all</entry>
<entry>6.x</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>Not library compatible; use ODBC/JDBC.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NextStep</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>6.x</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01, David Wetzel (<email>dave@turbocat.de</email>)</entry>
<entry>Client-only support</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/layout.sgml,v 2.3 2000/03/31 03:27:40 thomas Exp $
-->
<chapter id="layout">
<Title>System Layout</Title>
<Para>
<Figure Id="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
<Title><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> file layout</Title>
<Graphic Align="center" FileRef="layout.gif" Format="GIF"></Graphic>
</Figure>
<XRef LinkEnd="ADMIN-LAYOUT" EndTerm="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
shows how the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> distribution is laid
out when installed in the default way. For simplicity,
we will assume that <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
has been installed in the
directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>. Therefore, wherever
you see the directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> you should
substitute the name of the directory where
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is
actually installed.
All <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> commands are installed
in the directory
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename>. Therefore, you should add
this directory to your shell command path. If you use
a variant of the Berkeley C shell, such as csh or tcsh,
you would add
<ProgramListing>
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin path )
</ProgramListing>
in the .login file in your home directory. If you use
a variant of the Bourne shell, such as sh, ksh, or
bash, then you would add
<ProgramListing>
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
export PATH
</ProgramListing>
to the .profile file in your home directory.
From now on, we will assume that you have added the
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> bin directory to your path.
In addition, we
will make frequent reference to "setting a shell
variable" or "setting an environment variable" throughout
this document. If you did not fully understand the
last paragraph on modifying your search path, you
should consult the Unix manual pages that describe your
shell before going any further.
</Para>
<Para>
If you have not set things up in the
default way, you may have some more work to do.
For example, if the database server machine is a remote machine, you
will need to set the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable to the name
of the database server machine. The environment variable
<envar>PGPORT</envar> may also have to be set. The bottom line is this: if
you try to start an application program and it complains
that it cannot connect to the <Application>postmaster</Application>,
you must go back and make sure that your
environment is properly set up.
</Para>
</Chapter>
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<chapter id="ports">
<title>Ports</title>
<para>
This manual describes version 7.0 of <productname>Postgres</productname>.
The <productname>Postgres</productname> developer community has
compiled and tested <productname>Postgres</productname> on a
number of platforms. Check
<ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/ports.htm">the web site</ulink>
for the latest information.
</para>
<sect1>
<title>Currently Supported Platforms</title>
<para>
At the time of publication, the following platforms have been tested:
<table tocentry="1">
<title>Supported Platforms</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
<entry><acronym>OS</acronym></entry>
<entry>Processor</entry>
<entry>Version</entry>
<entry>Reported</entry>
<entry>Remarks</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>AIX 4.3.2</entry>
<entry>RS6000</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-05</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:Andreas.Zeugswetter@telecom.at">Andreas Zeugswetter</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>BSDI 4.01</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-04</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:maillist@candle.pha.pa.us">Bruce Momjian</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Compaq Tru64 5.0</entry>
<entry>Alpha</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-11</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:andrew.mcmurry@astro.uio.no">Andrew McMurry</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>FreeBSD 4.0</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-04</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:scrappy@hub.org">Marc Fournier</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>HPUX</entry>
<entry>PA-RISC</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-12</entry>
<entry>Both 9.0x and 10.20.
<ulink url="mailto:tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us">Tom Lane</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>IRIX 6.5.6f</entry>
<entry>MIPS</entry>
<entry>v6.5.3</entry>
<entry>2000-02-18</entry>
<entry>MIPSPro 7.3.1.1m N32 build.
<ulink url="mailto:hxpro@cinesite.co.uk">Kevin Wheatley</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.0.x</entry>
<entry>Alpha</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-05</entry>
<entry>With published patches.
<ulink url="mailto:pgsql@rkirkpat.net">Ryan Kirkpatrick</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.2.x</entry>
<entry>armv4l</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-17</entry>
<entry>Regression test needs work.
<ulink url="mailto:segfault@hardline.org">Mark Knox</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.2.x</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-03-26</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:lamar.owen@wgcr.org">Lamar Owens</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.0.x</entry>
<entry>MIPS</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13</entry>
<entry>Cobalt Qube.
<ulink url="mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp">Tatsuo Ishii</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Linux 2.2.5</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-02</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:szybist@boxhill.com">Tom Szybist</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>LinuxPPC R4</entry>
<entry>PPC603e</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp">Tatsuo Ishii</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>mklinux</entry>
<entry>PPC750</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp">Tatsuo Ishii</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD 1.4</entry>
<entry>arm32</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-08</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk">Patrick
Welche</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD 1.4U</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-03-26</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk">Patrick
Welche</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD</entry>
<entry>m68k</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-10</entry>
<entry>Mac 8xx.
<ulink url="mailto:hotz@jpl.nasa.gov">Henry B. Hotz</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD/sparc</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:tih@kpnQwest.no">Tom I Helbekkmo</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>QNX 4.25</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-01</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:kardos@repas-aeg.de">Dr. Andreas Kardos</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SCO OpenServer 5</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v6.5</entry>
<entry>1999-05-25</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:andrew@compclass.com">Andrew Merrill</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SCO UnixWare 7</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-18</entry>
<entry>See FAQ.
<ulink url="mailto:Bill.Allie@mug.org">Billy G. Allie</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Solaris</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-12</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:scrappy@hub.org">Marc Fournier</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Solaris 2.5.1-2.7</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-12</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:peter_e@gmx.net">Peter Eisentraut</ulink>,
<ulink url="mailto:scrappy@hub.org">Marc Fournier</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SunOS 4.1.4</entry>
<entry>Sparc</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-13</entry>
<entry><ulink url="mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp">Tatsuo Ishii</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Windows/Win32</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-04-02</entry>
<entry>Client-side libraries or ODBC/JDBC. No server-side.
<ulink url="mha@sollentuna.net">Magnus Hagander</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>WinNT/Cygwin</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-03-30</entry>
<entry>Uses Cygwin library.
<ulink url="mailto:horak@sit.plzen-city.cz">Daniel Horak</ulink></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</para>
<note>
<para>
For <productname>Windows NT</productname>,
the server-side port of <productname>Postgres</productname> uses
the RedHat/Cygnus <productname>Cygwin</productname> library and
toolset. For <productname>Windows 9x</productname>, no
server-side port is available due to OS limitations.
</para>
</note>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Unsupported Platforms</title>
<para>
Platforms listed for v6.3.x-v6.5.x should also work with v7.0,
but we did not receive explicit confirmation of such at the time this
list was compiled. We include these here to let you know that
these platforms <emphasis>could</emphasis> be supported if given some
attention.
</para>
<para>
At the time of publication, the following platforms have not been
tested for v7.0 or v6.5.x:
<table tocentry="1">
<title>Unsupported Platforms</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
<entry><acronym>OS</acronym></entry>
<entry>Processor</entry>
<entry>Version</entry>
<entry>Reported</entry>
<entry>Remarks</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>BeOS</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v7.0</entry>
<entry>2000-05-01</entry>
<entry>Client-side coming soon?
<ulink url="mailto:adam@newsnipple.com">Adam Haberlach</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>DGUX 5.4R4.11</entry>
<entry>m88k</entry>
<entry>v6.3</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>v6.4 probably OK. Needs new maintainer.
<ulink url="mailto:geek+@cmu.edu">Brian E Gallew</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD-current</entry>
<entry>NS32532</entry>
<entry>v6.4</entry>
<entry>1998-10-27</entry>
<entry>Date math annoyances.
<ulink url="mailto:jonb@metronet.com">Jon Buller</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NetBSD 1.3</entry>
<entry>VAX</entry>
<entry>v6.3</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>v7.0 should work.
<ulink url="mailto:tih@kpnQwest.no">Tom I Helbekkmo</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SVR4 4.4</entry>
<entry>m88k</entry>
<entry>v6.2.1</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>v6.4.x will need TAS spinlock code.
<ulink url="mailto:dlw@seavme.xroads.com">Doug Winterburn</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SVR4</entry>
<entry>MIPS</entry>
<entry>v6.4</entry>
<entry>1998-10-28</entry>
<entry>No 64-bit int.
<ulink url="mailto:ridderbusch.pad@sni.de">Frank Ridderbusch</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Ultrix</entry>
<entry>MIPS, VAX</entry>
<entry>v6.x</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>No recent reports; obsolete?</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</para>
<para>
There are a few platforms which have been attempted and which have been
reported to not work with the standard distribution.
Others listed here do not provide sufficient library support for an attempt.
<table tocentry="1">
<title>Incompatible Platforms</title>
<titleabbrev>Incompatibles</titleabbrev>
<tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
<entry><acronym>OS</acronym></entry>
<entry>Processor</entry>
<entry>Version</entry>
<entry>Reported</entry>
<entry>Remarks</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>MacOS</entry>
<entry>all</entry>
<entry>v6.x</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>Not library compatible; use ODBC/JDBC</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>NextStep</entry>
<entry>x86</entry>
<entry>v6.x</entry>
<entry>1998-03-01</entry>
<entry>Client-only support; v1.0.9 worked with patches
<ulink url="mailto:dave@turbocat.de">David Wetzel</ulink></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
Local variables:
mode:sgml
sgml-omittag:nil
sgml-shorttag:t
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
sgml-indent-step:1
sgml-indent-data:t
sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
End:
-->
doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
浏览文件 @ 8004bcf0
<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml,v 1.38 2000/07/01 15:05:47 petere Exp $
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml,v 1.39 2000/07/21 00:44:13 petere Exp $
-->
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [
<!entity version "7.1">
<!entity majorversion "7.1">
<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
<!entity info SYSTEM "info.sgml">
......@@ -47,12 +50,9 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml,v 1.38 2000/07/01 15:05:47 pe
%allfiles;
<!-- administrator's guide -->
<!entity config SYSTEM "config.sgml">
<!entity intro-ag SYSTEM "intro-ag.sgml">
<!entity install SYSTEM "install.sgml">
<!entity installation SYSTEM "installation.sgml">
<!entity installw SYSTEM "install-win32.sgml">
<!entity layout SYSTEM "layout.sgml">
<!entity ports SYSTEM "ports.sgml">
<!entity recovery SYSTEM "recovery.sgml">
<!entity regress SYSTEM "regress.sgml">
<!entity release SYSTEM "release.sgml">
......@@ -103,6 +103,12 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml,v 1.38 2000/07/01 15:05:47 pe
<!entity page SYSTEM "page.sgml">
<!entity protocol SYSTEM "protocol.sgml">
<!entity sources SYSTEM "sources.sgml">
<!-- see standalone-install.sgml about these -->
<!entity % flattext-install-ignore "INCLUDE">
<!entity % flattext-install-include "IGNORE">
]>
<!-- entity manpages SYSTEM "man/manpages.sgml" subdoc -->
......@@ -217,10 +223,7 @@ Your name here...
included twice.
&intro-ag;
-->
&ports;
&config;
&layout;
&install;
&installation;
&installw;
&runtime;
&client-auth;
......
doc/src/sgml/standalone-install.sgml 0 → 100644
浏览文件 @ 8004bcf0
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/standalone-install.sgml,v 2.1 2000/07/21 00:44:13 petere Exp $ -->
<!--
This file helps in generating the INSTALL text file that lives in the
top level directory of the distribution. The exact process is like
this:
1. Paste together with installation.sgml
2. Process with jade to HTML (use -V nochunks)
3. Remove "Chapter 1" heading
4. Save as text file in Netscape
5. Put in place of old INSTALL file
Running `make INSTALL' in the doc/src/sgml directory will do 1 through
3 for you.
-->
<!doctype chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [
<!entity version "7.1">
<!entity majorversion "7.1">
<!--
The standalone version has some portions that are different from the
version that is integrated into the Administrator's Guide, in
particular as regards links. The following are essentially SGML's
equivalent of C's #ifdef and friends. The other end of this is in
installation.sgml.
-->
<!entity % flattext-install-ignore "IGNORE">
<!entity % flattext-install-include "INCLUDE">
<!--
When you're building the Administrator's Guide, you want to flip the
IGNORE and INCLUDE.
-->
]>
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