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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Makefile
# Makefile for doc directory to install man pages
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
SRCDIR=../../..
include $(SRCDIR)/Makefile.global
all: ecpg.texinfo
-makeinfo ecpg.texinfo
install: install-man install-info
install-man:
-mkdir -p $(POSTMANDIR)
-mkdir $(POSTMANDIR)/man1
#-mkdir $(POSTMANDIR)/man3
#-mkdir $(POSTMANDIR)/man5
#-mkdir $(POSTMANDIR)/manl
install -m644 *.1* $(POSTMANDIR)/man1
#install -m644 *.3* $(POSTMANDIR)/man3
#install -m644 *.5* $(POSTMANDIR)/man5
#install -m644 *.l* $(POSTMANDIR)/manl
install-info: ecpg.info
install -m 755 -d $(DESTDIR)$(POSTGRESDIR)/info
install -m 644 ecpg.info $(DESTDIR)$(POSTGRESDIR)/info; \
#if $(SHELL) -c 'install-info --version' >/dev/null 2>&1; then\
# install-info --infodir=$(infodir) ecpg.info; \
#else true; \
#fi
clean:
rm -f ecpg.info ecpg.?? ecpg.??? missfont.log *~ core
distclean: clean
rm -f Makefile
src/interfaces/ecpg/doc/ecpg.info 已删除 100644 → 0
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This is Info file ecpg.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.67 from the
input file ecpg.texinfo.
This file documents an embedded SQL in C package for PostgreSQL.
Copyright 1996 Linus Tolke
Permission is granted to copy and use in the same way as you are
allowed to copy and use the rest of the PostgreSQL.

File: ecpg.info, Node: Top, Next: Why embedded SQL, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
Ecpg is an embedded sql preprocessor for C and library for
PostgresSQL
It is written by Linus Tolke <linus@epact.se> and Michael Meskes
<meskes@debian.org>.
* Menu:
* Why embedded SQL::
* Simple description of the concept::
* How to use it::
* Limitations::
* Porting from other DBMSs::
* Installation::
* Index::
* For the developer::
-- The Detailed Node Listing --
How to use it
* Preprocessor::
* Library::
* Error handling::
For the developer
* To do list::
* The preprocessor::
* A complete example::
* The library::

File: ecpg.info, Node: Why embedded SQL, Next: Simple description of the concept, Prev: Top, Up: Top
Why embedded SQL
****************
Embedded SQL has some small advantages over other ways to handle SQL
queries. It takes care of all the tidious moving of information to and
from variables in your c-program.
There is an ANSI-standard describing how the embedded language should
work. Most embedded sql preprocessors I have seen and heard of makes
extensions so it is difficult to obtain portability even between them
anyway. I have not read the standard but I hope that my implementation
does not deviate to much and that it would be possible to port programs
with embedded sql written for other DBMS:s to PostgreSQL and thus
promoting the spirit of free software.

File: ecpg.info, Node: Simple description of the concept, Next: How to use it, Prev: Why embedded SQL, Up: Top
Simple description of the concept
*********************************
You write your program in C with some special sql things. For
declaring variables that can be used in SQL statements you need to put
them in a special declare section. You use a special syntax for the
sql queries.
Before compiling you run the file through the embedded sql c
preprocessor and it converts the SQL statements you used to function
calls with the variables used as arguments. Both variables that are used
as input to the SQL statements and variables that will contain the
result are passed.
Then you compile and at link time you link with a special library
that contains the functions used. These functions (actually it is
mostly one single function) fetches the information from the arguments,
performs the SQL query using the ordinary interface (pq) and puts back
the result in the arguments dedicated for output.
Then you run your program and when the control arrives to the SQL
statement the SQL statement is performed against the database and you
can continue with the result.

File: ecpg.info, Node: How to use it, Next: Limitations, Prev: Simple description of the concept, Up: Top
How to use it
*************
This chapter describes how to use the ECPG tool.
* Menu:
* Preprocessor::
* Library::
* Error handling::

File: ecpg.info, Node: Preprocessor, Next: Library, Prev: How to use it, Up: How to use it
Preprocessor
============
The preprocessor is called `ecpg'. After installation it resides in
the postgres `bin' directory.

File: ecpg.info, Node: Library, Next: Error handling, Prev: Preprocessor, Up: How to use it
Library
=======
The library is called `libecpg.a' resp. `libecpg.so'. The library
used the pq library for the communication to the postgres server so you
will have to link your program with `-lecpg -lpq'.
The library has some methods that are "hidden" but that could prove
very useful sometime.
`ECPGdebug(int, FILE *stream)'
If this is called, with the first argument non-zero, then
debuglogging is turned on. Debuglogging is done on `stream'. Most
SQL statement logs its arguments and result.
The most important one (`ECPGdo') that is called on all SQL
statements except `EXEC SQL COMMIT', `EXEC SQL ROLLBACK', `EXEC
SQL CONNECT' logs both its expanded string, i.e. the string with
all the input variables inserted, and the result from the
PostgreSQL server. This can be very useful when searching for
errors in your SQL statements.
`ECPGstatus()'
This method returns TRUE if we are connected to a database and
FALSE if not.

File: ecpg.info, Node: Error handling, Prev: Library, Up: How to use it
Error handling
==============
To be able to detect errors from the postgres server you include a
line like:
exec sql include sqlca;
in the include section of your file. This will define a struct and a
variable with the name `sqlca' as following:
struct sqlca {
int sqlcode;
struct {
int sqlerrml;
char sqlerrmc[1000];
} sqlerrm;
} sqlca;
If an error occured in the last SQL statement then `sqlca.sqlcode'
will be non-zero. If `sqlca.sqlcode' is less that 0 then this is some
kind of serious error, like the database definition does not match the
query given. If it is bigger than 0 then this is a normal error like
the table did not contain the requested row.
sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc will contain a string that describes the
error. The string ends with `line 23.' where the line is the line
number in the source file (actually the file generated by the
preprocessor but I hope I can fix this to be the line number in the
input file.)
List of errors that can occur:
-1, Unsupported type %s on line %d.
Does not normally occur. This is a sign that the preprocessor has
generated something that the library does not know about. Perhaps
you are running incompatible versions of the preprocessor and the
library.
-1, Too many arguments line %d.
-1, Too few arguments line %d.
The preprocessor has goofed up and generated some incorrect code.
-1, Error starting transaction line %d.
PostgreSQL signalled to us that we cannot open the connection.
-1, Postgres error: %s line %d.
Some PostgreSQL error. The message contains the error message from
the PostgreSQL backend.
1, Data not found line %d.
This is a "normal" error that tells you that what you are quering
cannot be found or we have gone through the cursor.
-1, To many matches line %d.
This means that the query has returned several lines. The `SELECT'
you made probably was not unique.
-1, Not correctly formatted int type: %s line %d.
This means that the host variable is of an `int' type and the field
in the PostgreSQL database is of another type and contains a value
that cannot be interpreted as an `int'. The library uses `strtol'
for this conversion.
-1, Not correctly formatted unsigned type: %s line %d.
This means that the host variable is of an `unsigned int' type and
the field in the PostgreSQL database is of another type and
contains a value that cannot be interpreted as an `unsigned int'.
The library uses `strtoul' for this conversion.
-1, Not correctly formatted floating point type: %s line %d.
This means that the host variable is of an `float' type and the
field in the PostgreSQL database is of another type and contains a
value that cannot be interpreted as an `float'. The library uses
`strtod' for this conversion.
-1, Too few arguments line %d.
This means that PostgreSQL has returned more records than we have
matching variables. Perhaps you have forgotten a couple of the host
variables in the `INTO :var1,:var2'-list.
-1, Too many arguments line %d.
This means that PostgreSQL has returned fewer records than we have
host variables. Perhaps you have to many host variables in the
`INTO :var1,:var2'-list.
-1, Empty query line %d.
PostgreSQL returned PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY.
-1, Error: %s line %d.
This means that PostgreSQL returned on of the errors
PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR, PGRES_FATAL_ERROR or PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE.
Which one and why is explained in the message.
-1, Postgres error line %d.
PostgreSQL returns something that the library does not know how to
handle. This is probably because the version of PostgreSQL does not
match the version of the ecpg library.
-1, Error committing line %d.
Error during `COMMIT'. `EXEC SQL COMMIT' is translated to an `end'
operation in PostgreSQL and that is the operation that could not
be performed.
-1, Error rolling back line %d.
Error during `ROLLBACK'. `EXEC SQL ROLLBACK' is translated to an
`abort' operation in PostgreSQL and that is the operation that
could not be performed.
-1, ECPGconnect: could not open database %s.
The connect to the database did not work.

File: ecpg.info, Node: Limitations, Next: Porting from other DBMSs, Prev: How to use it, Up: Top
Limitations
***********
What will never be included and why or what cannot be done with this
concept.
oracles single tasking possibility
Oracle version 7.0 on AIX 3 uses the OS-supported locks on the
shared memory segments and allows the application designer to link
an application in a so called single tasking way. Instead of
starting one client process per application process both the
database part and the application part is run in the same process.
In later versions of oracle this is no longer supported.
This would require a total redesign of the postgres access model
and that effort can not justify the performance gained.

File: ecpg.info, Node: Porting from other DBMSs, Next: Installation, Prev: Limitations, Up: Top
Porting from other DBMSs
************************
To be written by persons that knows the different DBMSs and that
actually does port something...

File: ecpg.info, Node: Installation, Next: Index, Prev: Porting from other DBMSs, Up: Top
Installation
************
Since version 0.5 ecpg is distributed together with PostgreSQL. So
you should get your precompiler, libraries and header files compiled and
installed on the fly.

File: ecpg.info, Node: Index, Next: For the developer, Prev: Installation, Up: Top
Index
*****
* Menu:
* -lecpg: Library.
* debuglogging: Library.
* ecpg: Preprocessor.
* ECPGdebug(int, FILE *stream): Library.
* ECPGstatus(): Library.
* error list: Error handling.
* error messages: Error handling.
* installation: Installation.
* libecpg.a: Library.
* library functions: Library.
* preprocessor: Preprocessor.
* single tasking: Limitations.
* sqlca.h: Error handling.
* sqlcode: Error handling.
* struct sqlca: Error handling.

File: ecpg.info, Node: For the developer, Prev: Index, Up: Top
For the developer
*****************
This chapter is for those that wants to develop the ecpg interface.
It describes how the things work. The ambition is to make this chapter
contain things for those that want to have a look inside and the chapter
on How to use it should be enough for all normal questions.
So, read this before looking at the internals of the `ecpg'. If you
are not interested in how it really works, skip this chapter.
* Menu:
* To do list::
* The preprocessor::
* A complete example::
* The library::

File: ecpg.info, Node: To do list, Next: The preprocessor, Prev: For the developer, Up: For the developer
To do list
==========
In the alpha version the preprocessor has a lot of flaws:
Preprocessor output
The variables should be static.
Preprocessor cannot do syntax checking on your SQL statements
Whatever you write is copied more or less exactly to the
PostgreSQL and you will not be able to locate your errors until
run-time.
no restriction to strings only
The PQ interface, and most of all the PQexec function, that is
used by the ecpg relies on that the request is built up as a
string. In some cases, like when the data contains the null
character, this will be a serious problem.
error codes
There should be different error numbers for the different errors
instead of just -1 for them all.
library functions
to_date et al.
records
Possibility to define records or `struct's in the declare section
in a way that the record can be filled from one row in the
database.
This is a simpler way to handle an entire row at a time.
array operations
Oracle has array operations that enhances speed. When implementing
it in `ecpg' it is done for compatibility reasons only. For them to
improve speed would require a lot more insight in the postgres
internal mechanisms than I possess.
indicator variables
Oracle has indicator variables that tell if a value is `null' or if
it is empty. This largely simplifies array operations and provides
for a way to hack around some design flaws in the handling of
`VARCHAR2' (1). I am not sure if this is an Oracle extension or
part of the ANSI standard.
typedefs
As well as complex types like records and arrays, typedefs would be
a good thing to take care of.
conversion of scripts
To set up a database you need a few scripts with table definitions
and other configuration parameters. If you have these scripts for
an old database you would like to just apply them to get a
postgres database that works in the same way.
The functionality could be accomplished with some conversion
scripts. Speed will never be accomplished in this way. To do this
you need a bigger insight in the database construction and the use
of the database than could be realised in a script.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) like that an empty string isn't distinguishable from a `null'
value

File: ecpg.info, Node: The preprocessor, Next: A complete example, Prev: To do list, Up: For the developer
The preprocessor
================
First four lines are written to the output. Two comments and two
include lines necessary for the interface to the library.
Then the preprocessor works in one pass only reading the input file
and writing to the output as it goes along. Normally it just echoes
everything to the output without looking at it further.
When it comes to an `EXEC SQL' statements it interviens and changes
them depending on what iit is. The `EXEC SQL' statement can be one of
these:
* Declare sections Declare sections begins with
exec sql begin declare section;
and ends with
exec sql end declare section;
In the section only variable declarations are allowed. Every
variable declare within this section is also entered in a list of
variables indexed on their name together with the corresponding
type.
The declaration is echoed to the file to make the variable a normal
C-variable also.
The special types VARCHAR and VARCHAR2 are converted into a named
struct for every variable. A declaration like:
VARCHAR var[180];
is converted into
struct varchar_var { int len; char arr[180]; } var;
* Include statements An include statement looks like:
exec sql include filename;
It is converted into
#include <filename.h>
* Connect statement A connect statements looks like:
exec sql connect 'databasename';
That statement is converted into
ECPGconnect("databasename");
* Open cursor statement An open cursor statement looks like:
exec sql open blablabla;
and is ignore and not copied from the output.
* Commit statement A commit statement looks like
exec sql commit;
and is translated on the output to
ECPGcommit(__LINE__);
* Rollback statement A rollback statement looks like
exec sql rollback;
and is translated on the output to
ECPGrollback(__LINE__);
* Other statements Other SQL statements are other statements that
start with `exec sql' and ends with `;'. Everything inbetween is
treated as an sql statement and parsed for variable substitution.
Variable substitution occur when a symbol starts with a colon
(`:'). Then a variable with that name is found among the variables
that were previously declared within a declare section and
depending on whether or not the SQL statements knows it to be a
variable for input or output the pointers to the variables are
written to the output to allow for access by the function.
For every variable that is part of the SQL request the function
gets another five arguments.
1. The type as a special symbol
2. A pointer to the value
3. The size of the variable if it is a varchar
4. Number of elements in the array (for array fetches)
5. The offset to the next element in the array (for array
fetches)
Since the array fetches are not implemented yet the two last
arguments are not really important. They could perhaps have been
left out.

File: ecpg.info, Node: A complete example, Next: The library, Prev: The preprocessor, Up: For the developer
A complete example
==================
Here is a complete example describing the output of the preprocessor:
exec sql begin declare section;
int index;
int result;
exec sql end declare section;
...
exec sql select res into :result from mytable where index = :index;
is translated into:
/* These two include files are added by the preprocessor */
#include <ecpgtype.h>
#include <ecpglib.h>
/* exec sql begin declare section */
int index;
int result;
/* exec sql end declare section */
...
ECPGdo(__LINE__, "select res from mytable where index = ;;",
ECPGt_int,&index,0,0,sizeof(int),
ECPGt_EOIT,
ECPGt_int,&result,0,0,sizeof(int),
ECPGt_EORT );
(the indentation in this manual is added for readability and not
something that the preprocessor can do.)

File: ecpg.info, Node: The library, Prev: A complete example, Up: For the developer
The library
===========
The most important function in the library is the `ECPGdo' function.
It takes a variable amount of arguments. Hopefully we wont run into
machines with limits on the amount of variables that can be accepted by
a varchar function. This could easily add up to 50 or so arguments.
The arguments are:
A line number
This is a line number for the original line used in error messages
only.
A string
This is the sql request that is to be issued. This request is
modified by the input variables, i.e. the variables that where not
known at compile time but are to be entered in the request. Where
the variables should go the string contains `;;'.
Input variables
As described in the section about the preprocessor every input
variable gets five arguments.
ECPGt_EOIT
An enum telling that there are no more input variables.
Output variables
As described in the section about the preprocessor every input
variable gets five arguments. These variables are filled by the
function.
ECPGt_EORT
An enum telling that there are no more variables.
All the SQL statements are performed in one transaction unless you
issue a commit transaction. This works so that the first transaction or
the first after a commit or rollback always begins a transaction.
To be completed: entries describing the other entries.

Tag Table:
Node: Top319
Node: Why embedded SQL940
Node: Simple description of the concept1722
Node: How to use it2921
Node: Preprocessor3174
Node: Library3401
Node: Error handling4495
Node: Limitations8883
Node: Porting from other DBMSs9668
Node: Installation9923
Node: Index10213
Node: For the developer11130
Node: To do list11731
Node: The preprocessor14242
Node: A complete example17511
Node: The library18547

End Tag Table
src/interfaces/ecpg/doc/ecpg.texinfo 已删除 100644 → 0
浏览文件 @ fe521fbe
\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ecpg.info
@settitle Ecpg - Embedded SQL in C for PostgreSQL
@setchapternewpage odd
@c %**end of header
@ifinfo
This file documents an embedded SQL in C package for PostgreSQL.
Copyright 1996 Linus Tolke
Permission is granted to copy and use in the same way as you are allowed
to copy and use the rest of the PostgreSQL.
@end ifinfo
@c This title page illustrates only one of the
@c two methods of forming a title page.
@titlepage
@title ECPG
@subtitle Embedded SQL in C for PostgreSQL
@author Linus Tolke
@c The following two commands
@c start the copyright page.
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1996-1997 Linus Tolke, 1998 Michael Meskes
Published by Linus Tolke
Permission is granted to copy and use in the same way as you are allowed
to copy and use the rest of the PostgreSQL.
@end titlepage
@node Top, Why embedded SQL, (dir), (dir)
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@ifinfo
Ecpg is an embedded sql preprocessor for C and library for PostgresSQL
It is written by Linus Tolke <linus@@epact.se> and Michael Meskes <meskes@@debian.org>.
@end ifinfo
@menu
* Why embedded SQL::
* Simple description of the concept::
* How to use it::
* Limitations::
* Porting from other DBMSs::
* Installation::
* Index::
* For the developer::
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
How to use it
* Preprocessor::
* Library::
* Error handling::
For the developer
* To do list::
* The preprocessor::
* A complete example::
* The library::
@end menu
@node Why embedded SQL, Simple description of the concept, Top, Top
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@chapter Why embedded SQL
Embedded SQL has some small advantages over other ways to handle SQL
queries. It takes care of all the tidious moving of information to and
from variables in your c-program.
There is an ANSI-standard describing how the embedded language should
work. Most embedded sql preprocessors I have seen and heard of makes
extensions so it is difficult to obtain portability even between them
anyway. I have not read the standard but I hope that my implementation
does not deviate to much and that it would be possible to port programs
with embedded sql written for other DBMS:s to PostgreSQL and thus
promoting the spirit of free software.
@node Simple description of the concept, How to use it, Why embedded SQL, Top
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@chapter Simple description of the concept
You write your program in C with some special sql things.
For declaring variables that can be used in SQL statements you need to
put them in a special declare section.
You use a special syntax for the sql queries.
Before compiling you run the file through the embedded sql c
preprocessor and it converts the SQL statements you used to function
calls with the variables used as arguments. Both variables that are used
as input to the SQL statements and variables that will contain the
result are passed.
Then you compile and at link time you link with a special library that
contains the functions used. These functions (actually it is mostly one
single function) fetches the information from the arguments, performs
the SQL query using the ordinary interface (pq) and puts back
the result in the arguments dedicated for output.
Then you run your program and when the control arrives to the SQL
statement the SQL statement is performed against the database and you
can continue with the result.
@node How to use it, Limitations, Simple description of the concept, Top
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@chapter How to use it
This chapter describes how to use the ECPG tool.
@menu
* Preprocessor::
* Library::
* Error handling::
@end menu
@node Preprocessor, Library, How to use it, How to use it
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@section Preprocessor
@cindex preprocessor
@cindex @code{ecpg}
The preprocessor is called @code{ecpg}. After installation it resides in
the postgres @code{bin} directory.
@node Library, Error handling, Preprocessor, How to use it
@section Library
@cindex library functions
@cindex @code{libecpg.a}
@cindex @code{-lecpg}
The library is called @code{libecpg.a} resp. @code{libecpg.so}. The library
used the pq library for the communication to the postgres server so you will
have to link your program with @code{-lecpg -lpq}.
The library has some methods that are "hidden" but that could prove very
useful sometime.
@table @asis
@item @code{ECPGdebug(int, FILE *stream)}
@cindex @code{ECPGdebug(int, FILE *stream)}
@cindex debuglogging
If this is called, with the first argument non-zero, then debuglogging is turned
on. Debuglogging is done on @code{stream}. Most SQL statement logs its
arguments and result.
The most important one (@code{ECPGdo}) that is called on all SQL
statements except @code{EXEC SQL COMMIT}, @code{EXEC SQL ROLLBACK},
@code{EXEC SQL CONNECT} logs both its expanded string, i.e. the string
with all the input variables inserted, and the result from the
PostgreSQL server. This can be very useful when searching for errors
in your SQL statements.
@item @code{ECPGstatus()}
@cindex @code{ECPGstatus()}
This method returns TRUE if we are connected to a database and FALSE if
not.
@end table
@node Error handling, , Library, How to use it
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@section Error handling
@cindex @code{sqlca.h}
@cindex @code{struct sqlca}
@cindex @code{sqlcode}
@cindex @code{error messages}
To be able to detect errors from the postgres server you include a line
like:
@example
exec sql include sqlca;
@end example
in the include section of your file. This will define a struct and a
variable with the name @code{sqlca} as following:
@example
struct sqlca @{
int sqlcode;
struct @{
int sqlerrml;
char sqlerrmc[1000];
@} sqlerrm;
@} sqlca;
@end example
If an error occured in the last SQL statement then @code{sqlca.sqlcode}
will be non-zero. If @code{sqlca.sqlcode} is less that 0 then this is
some kind of serious error, like the database definition does not match
the query given. If it is bigger than 0 then this is a normal error like
the table did not contain the requested row.
sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc will contain a string that describes the error.
The string ends with @code{line 23.} where the line is the line number
in the source file (actually the file generated by the preprocessor but
I hope I can fix this to be the line number in the input file.)
List of errors that can occur:
@cindex error list
@table @asis
@item -1, Unsupported type %s on line %d.
Does not normally occur. This is a sign that the preprocessor has
generated something that the library does not know about. Perhaps you
are running incompatible versions of the preprocessor and the library.
@item -1, Too many arguments line %d.
@itemx -1, Too few arguments line %d.
The preprocessor has goofed up and generated some incorrect code.
@item -1, Error starting transaction line %d.
PostgreSQL signalled to us that we cannot open the connection.
@item -1, Postgres error: %s line %d.
Some PostgreSQL error. The message contains the error message from the
PostgreSQL backend.
@item 1, Data not found line %d.
This is a "normal" error that tells you that what you are quering cannot
be found or we have gone through the cursor.
@item -1, To many matches line %d.
This means that the query has returned several lines. The @code{SELECT}
you made probably was not unique.
@item -1, Not correctly formatted int type: %s line %d.
This means that the host variable is of an @code{int} type and the field
in the PostgreSQL database is of another type and contains a value that
cannot be interpreted as an @code{int}. The library uses @code{strtol}
for this conversion.
@item -1, Not correctly formatted unsigned type: %s line %d.
This means that the host variable is of an @code{unsigned int} type and
the field in the PostgreSQL database is of another type and contains a
value that cannot be interpreted as an @code{unsigned int}. The library
uses @code{strtoul} for this conversion.
@item -1, Not correctly formatted floating point type: %s line %d.
This means that the host variable is of an @code{float} type and
the field in the PostgreSQL database is of another type and contains a
value that cannot be interpreted as an @code{float}. The library
uses @code{strtod} for this conversion.
@item -1, Too few arguments line %d.
This means that PostgreSQL has returned more records than we have
matching variables. Perhaps you have forgotten a couple of the host
variables in the @code{INTO :var1,:var2}-list.
@item -1, Too many arguments line %d.
This means that PostgreSQL has returned fewer records than we have
host variables. Perhaps you have to many host variables in the
@code{INTO :var1,:var2}-list.
@item -1, Empty query line %d.
PostgreSQL returned PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY.
@item -1, Error: %s line %d.
This means that PostgreSQL returned on of the errors
PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR, PGRES_FATAL_ERROR or PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE. Which one
and why is explained in the message.
@item -1, Postgres error line %d.
PostgreSQL returns something that the library does not know how to
handle. This is probably because the version of PostgreSQL does not
match the version of the ecpg library.
@item -1, Error committing line %d.
Error during @code{COMMIT}. @code{EXEC SQL COMMIT} is translated to an
@code{end} operation in PostgreSQL and that is the operation that could
not be performed.
@item -1, Error rolling back line %d.
Error during @code{ROLLBACK}. @code{EXEC SQL ROLLBACK} is translated to
an @code{abort} operation in PostgreSQL and that is the operation that
could not be performed.
@item -1, ECPGconnect: could not open database %s.
The connect to the database did not work.
@end table
@node Limitations, Porting from other DBMSs, How to use it, Top
@chapter Limitations
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
What will never be included and why or what cannot be done with this
concept.
@table @asis
@item oracles single tasking possibility
@cindex single tasking
Oracle version 7.0 on AIX 3 uses the OS-supported locks on the shared
memory segments and allows the application designer to link an
application in a so called single tasking way. Instead of starting one
client process per application process both the database part and the
application part is run in the same process. In later versions of oracle
this is no longer supported.
This would require a total redesign of the postgres access model and
that effort can not justify the performance gained.
@end table
@node Porting from other DBMSs, Installation, Limitations, Top
@chapter Porting from other DBMSs
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
To be written by persons that knows the different DBMSs and that
actually does port something...
@node Installation, Index, Porting from other DBMSs, Top
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@chapter Installation
@cindex installation
Since version 0.5 ecpg is distributed together with PostgreSQL. So you
should get your precompiler, libraries and header files compiled and
installed on the fly.
@node Index, For the developer, Installation, Top
@unnumbered Index
@printindex cp
@node For the developer, , Index, Top
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@chapter For the developer
This chapter is for those that wants to develop the ecpg interface. It
describes how the things work. The ambition is to make this chapter
contain things for those that want to have a look inside and the chapter
on How to use it should be enough for all normal questions.
So, read this before looking at the internals of the @code{ecpg}. If
you are not interested in how it really works, skip this chapter.
@menu
* To do list::
* The preprocessor::
* A complete example::
* The library::
@end menu
@node To do list, The preprocessor, For the developer, For the developer
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@section To do list
This version the preprocessor has some flaws:
@table @asis
@item Preprocessor output
The variables should be static.
@item Preprocessor cannot do syntax checking on your SQL statements
Whatever you write is copied more or less exactly to the PostgreSQL and
you will not be able to locate your errors until run-time.
@item no restriction to strings only
The PQ interface, and most of all the PQexec function, that is used by
the ecpg relies on that the request is built up as a string. In some
cases, like when the data contains the null character, this will be a
serious problem.
@item error codes
There should be different error numbers for the different errors instead
of just -1 for them all.
@item library functions
to_date et al.
@item records
@cindex records
Possibility to define records or @code{struct}s in the declare section
in a way that the record can be filled from one row in the database.
This is a simpler way to handle an entire row at a time.
@item array operations
@cindex array operations
Oracle has array operations that enhances speed. When implementing it in
@code{ecpg} it is done for compatibility reasons only. For them to
improve speed would require a lot more insight in the postgres internal
mechanisms than I possess.
@item indicator variables
@cindex indicator variables
@cindex @code{VARCHAR2}
Oracle has indicator variables that tell if a value is @code{null} or if
it is empty. This largely simplifies array operations and provides for a
way to hack around some design flaws in the handling of @code{VARCHAR2}
@footnote{like that an empty string isn't distinguishable from a
@code{null} value}. I am not sure if this is an Oracle extension or part
of the ANSI standard.
@item typedefs
@cindex typedef
As well as complex types like records and arrays, typedefs would be
a good thing to take care of.
@item conversion of scripts
@cindex conversion of scripts
To set up a database you need a few scripts with table definitions and
other configuration parameters. If you have these scripts for an old
database you would like to just apply them to get a postgres database
that works in the same way.
The functionality could be accomplished with some conversion scripts.
Speed will never be accomplished in this way. To do this you need a
bigger insight in the database construction and the use of the database
than could be realised in a script.
@end table
@node The preprocessor, A complete example, To do list, For the developer
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@section The preprocessor
First four lines are written to the output. Two comments and two include
lines necessary for the interface to the library.
Then the preprocessor works in one pass only reading the input file and
writing to the output as it goes along. Normally it just echoes
everything to the output without looking at it further.
When it comes to an @code{EXEC SQL} statements it interviens and
changes them depending on what iit is. The @code{EXEC SQL} statement can
be one of these:
@itemize @bullet
@item Declare sections
@cindex Declare section
Declare sections begins with
@example
exec sql begin declare section;
@end example
and ends with
@example
exec sql end declare section;
@end example
In the section only variable declarations are allowed. Every variable
declare within this section is also entered in a list of variables
indexed on their name together with the corresponding type.
The declaration is echoed to the file to make the variable a normal
C-variable also.
The special types VARCHAR and VARCHAR2 are converted into a named struct
for every variable. A declaration like:
@example
VARCHAR var[180];
@end example
is converted into
@example
struct varchar_var @{ int len; char arr[180]; @} var;
@end example
@item Include statements
@cindex Include statement
An include statement looks like:
@example
exec sql include filename;
@end example
It is converted into
@example
#include <filename.h>
@end example
@item Connect statement
@cindex Connect statement
A connect statements looks like:
@example
exec sql connect 'databasename';
@end example
That statement is converted into
@example
ECPGconnect("databasename");
@end example
@item Open cursor statement
@cindex Open cursor statement
An open cursor statement looks like:
@example
exec sql open blablabla;
@end example
and is ignore and not copied from the output.
@item Commit statement
@cindex Commit statement
A commit statement looks like
@example
exec sql commit;
@end example
and is translated on the output to
@example
ECPGcommit(__LINE__);
@end example
@item Rollback statement
@cindex Rollback statement
A rollback statement looks like
@example
exec sql rollback;
@end example
and is translated on the output to
@example
ECPGrollback(__LINE__);
@end example
@item Other statements
Other SQL statements are other statements that start with
@code{exec sql} and ends with @code{;}. Everything inbetween is treated
as an sql statement and parsed for variable substitution.
Variable substitution occur when a symbol starts with a colon
(@code{:}). Then a variable with that name is found among the variables
that were previously declared within a declare section and depending on
whether or not the SQL statements knows it to be a variable for input or
output the pointers to the variables are written to the output to allow
for access by the function.
For every variable that is part of the SQL request the function gets
another five arguments.
@enumerate
@item The type as a special symbol
@item A pointer to the value
@item The size of the variable if it is a varchar
@item Number of elements in the array (for array fetches)
@item The offset to the next element in the array (for array fetches)
@end enumerate
Since the array fetches are not implemented yet the two last arguments
are not really important. They could perhaps have been left out.
@end itemize
@node A complete example, The library, The preprocessor, For the developer
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@section A complete example
Here is a complete example describing the output of the preprocessor:
@example
exec sql begin declare section;
int index;
int result;
exec sql end declare section;
...
exec sql select res into :result from mytable where index = :index;
@end example
is translated into:
@example
/* These two include files are added by the preprocessor */
#include <ecpgtype.h>
#include <ecpglib.h>
/* exec sql begin declare section */
int index;
int result;
/* exec sql end declare section */
...
ECPGdo(__LINE__, "select res from mytable where index = ;;",
ECPGt_int,&index,0,0,sizeof(int),
ECPGt_EOIT,
ECPGt_int,&result,0,0,sizeof(int),
ECPGt_EORT );
@end example
(the indentation in this manual is added for readability and not
something that the preprocessor can do.)
@node The library, , A complete example, For the developer
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@section The library
The most important function in the library is the @code{ECPGdo}
function. It takes a variable amount of arguments. Hopefully we wont run
into machines with limits on the amount of variables that can be
accepted by a varchar function. This could easily add up to 50 or so
arguments.
The arguments are:
@table @asis
@item A line number
This is a line number for the original line used in error messages only.
@item A string
This is the sql request that is to be issued. This request is modified
by the input variables, i.e. the variables that where not known at
compile time but are to be entered in the request. Where the variables
should go the string contains @code{;;}.
@item Input variables
As described in the section about the preprocessor every input variable
gets five arguments.
@item ECPGt_EOIT
An enum telling that there are no more input variables.
@item Output variables
As described in the section about the preprocessor every input variable
gets five arguments. These variables are filled by the function.
@item ECPGt_EORT
An enum telling that there are no more variables.
@end table
All the SQL statements are performed in one transaction unless you issue
a commit transaction. This works so that the first transaction or the
first after a commit or rollback always begins a transaction.
To be completed: entries describing the other entries.
@contents
@bye
src/interfaces/ecpg/doc/texinfo.tex 已删除 100755 → 0
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\def\need{\parsearg\needx}
% Old definition--didn't work.
%\def\needx #1{\par %
%% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally
%% if the depth of the box does not fit.
%{\baselineskip=0pt%
%\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\penalty 10000
%\prevdepth=-1000pt
%}}
\def\needx#1{%
% Go into vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a
% paragraph.
\par
%
% Don't add any leading before our big empty box, but allow a page
% break, since the best break might be right here.
\allowbreak
\nointerlineskip
\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}%
%
% TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
% main vertical list is 10000 or more. But in order to see if the
% empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
% page breaks. On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
% page after the empty box. So we use a penalty of 9999.
%
% There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
% page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
% sight. (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
% almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
% good page breaking, for example.) However, I could not construct an
% example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
% document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
\penalty9999
%
% Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
\kern -#1\mil
%
% Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
\nobreak
}
% @br forces paragraph break
\let\br = \par
% @dots{} output some dots
\def\dots{$\ldots$}
% @page forces the start of a new page
\def\page{\par\vfill\supereject}
% @exdent text....
% outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin
% This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment.
% That's how much \exdent should take out.
\newskip\exdentamount
% This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun.
\def\exdent{\parsearg\exdentyyy}
\def\exdentyyy #1{{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}}
% This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example.
\def\nofillexdent{\parsearg\nofillexdentyyy}
\def\nofillexdentyyy #1{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount
\leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}}
%\hbox{{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}}
% @include file insert text of that file as input.
\def\include{\parsearg\includezzz}
%Use \input\thisfile to avoid blank after \input, which may be an active
%char (in which case the blank would become the \input argument).
%The grouping keeps the value of \thisfile correct even when @include
%is nested.
\def\includezzz #1{\begingroup
\def\thisfile{#1}\input\thisfile
\endgroup}
\def\thisfile{}
% @center line outputs that line, centered
\def\center{\parsearg\centerzzz}
\def\centerzzz #1{{\advance\hsize by -\leftskip
\advance\hsize by -\rightskip
\centerline{#1}}}
% @sp n outputs n lines of vertical space
\def\sp{\parsearg\spxxx}
\def\spxxx #1{\par \vskip #1\baselineskip}
% @comment ...line which is ignored...
% @c is the same as @comment
% @ignore ... @end ignore is another way to write a comment
\def\comment{\catcode 64=\other \catcode 123=\other \catcode 125=\other%
\parsearg \commentxxx}
\def\commentxxx #1{\catcode 64=0 \catcode 123=1 \catcode 125=2 }
\let\c=\comment
% Prevent errors for section commands.
% Used in @ignore and in failing conditionals.
\def\ignoresections{%
\let\chapter=\relax
\let\unnumbered=\relax
\let\top=\relax
\let\unnumberedsec=\relax
\let\unnumberedsection=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsec=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsection=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsubsec=\relax
\let\unnumberedsubsubsection=\relax
\let\section=\relax
\let\subsec=\relax
\let\subsubsec=\relax
\let\subsection=\relax
\let\subsubsection=\relax
\let\appendix=\relax
\let\appendixsec=\relax
\let\appendixsection=\relax
\let\appendixsubsec=\relax
\let\appendixsubsection=\relax
\let\appendixsubsubsec=\relax
\let\appendixsubsubsection=\relax
\let\contents=\relax
\let\smallbook=\relax
\let\titlepage=\relax
}
% Used in nested conditionals, where we have to parse the Texinfo source
% and so want to turn off most commands, in case they are used
% incorrectly.
%
\def\ignoremorecommands{%
\let\defcv = \relax
\let\deffn = \relax
\let\deffnx = \relax
\let\defindex = \relax
\let\defivar = \relax
\let\defmac = \relax
\let\defmethod = \relax
\let\defop = \relax
\let\defopt = \relax
\let\defspec = \relax
\let\deftp = \relax
\let\deftypefn = \relax
\let\deftypefun = \relax
\let\deftypevar = \relax
\let\deftypevr = \relax
\let\defun = \relax
\let\defvar = \relax
\let\defvr = \relax
\let\ref = \relax
\let\xref = \relax
\let\printindex = \relax
\let\pxref = \relax
\let\settitle = \relax
\let\include = \relax
\let\lowersections = \relax
\let\down = \relax
\let\raisesections = \relax
\let\up = \relax
\let\set = \relax
\let\clear = \relax
}
% Ignore @ignore ... @end ignore.
%
\def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}}
% Also ignore @ifinfo, @menu, and @direntry text.
%
\def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}}
\def\menu{\doignore{menu}}
\def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}}
% Ignore text until a line `@end #1'.
%
\def\doignore#1{\begingroup
% Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
\ignoresections
%
% Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end #1'.
\long\def\doignoretext##1\end #1{\enddoignore}%
%
% Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants.
\catcode32 = 10
%
% And now expand that command.
\doignoretext
}
% What we do to finish off ignored text.
%
\def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
\newif\ifwarnedobs\warnedobsfalse
\def\obstexwarn{%
\ifwarnedobs\relax\else
% We need to warn folks that they may have trouble with TeX 3.0.
% This uses \immediate\write16 rather than \message to get newlines.
\immediate\write16{}
\immediate\write16{***WARNING*** for users of Unix TeX 3.0!}
\immediate\write16{This manual trips a bug in TeX version 3.0 (tex hangs).}
\immediate\write16{If you are running another version of TeX, relax.}
\immediate\write16{If you are running Unix TeX 3.0, kill this TeX process.}
\immediate\write16{ Then upgrade your TeX installation if you can.}
\immediate\write16{If you are stuck with version 3.0, run the}
\immediate\write16{ script ``tex3patch'' from the Texinfo distribution}
\immediate\write16{ to use a workaround.}
\immediate\write16{}
\warnedobstrue
\fi
}
% **In TeX 3.0, setting text in \nullfont hangs tex. For a
% workaround (which requires the file ``dummy.tfm'' to be installed),
% uncomment the following line:
%%%%%\font\nullfont=dummy\let\obstexwarn=\relax
% Ignore text, except that we keep track of conditional commands for
% purposes of nesting, up to an `@end #1' command.
%
\def\nestedignore#1{%
\obstexwarn
% We must actually expand the ignored text to look for the @end
% command, so that nested ignore constructs work. Thus, we put the
% text into a \vbox and then do nothing with the result. To minimize
% the change of memory overflow, we follow the approach outlined on
% page 401 of the TeXbook: make the current font be a dummy font.
%
\setbox0 = \vbox\bgroup
% Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
\ignoresections
%
% Define `@end #1' to end the box, which will in turn undefine the
% @end command again.
\expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\egroup\ignorespaces}%
%
% We are going to be parsing Texinfo commands. Most cause no
% trouble when they are used incorrectly, but some commands do
% complicated argument parsing or otherwise get confused, so we
% undefine them.
%
% We can't do anything about stray @-signs, unfortunately;
% they'll produce `undefined control sequence' errors.
\ignoremorecommands
%
% Set the current font to be \nullfont, a TeX primitive, and define
% all the font commands to also use \nullfont. We don't use
% dummy.tfm, as suggested in the TeXbook, because not all sites
% might have that installed. Therefore, math mode will still
% produce output, but that should be an extremely small amount of
% stuff compared to the main input.
%
\nullfont
\let\tenrm = \nullfont \let\tenit = \nullfont \let\tensl = \nullfont
\let\tenbf = \nullfont \let\tentt = \nullfont \let\smallcaps = \nullfont
\let\tensf = \nullfont
% Similarly for index fonts (mostly for their use in
% smallexample)
\let\indrm = \nullfont \let\indit = \nullfont \let\indsl = \nullfont
\let\indbf = \nullfont \let\indtt = \nullfont \let\indsc = \nullfont
\let\indsf = \nullfont
%
% Don't complain when characters are missing from the fonts.
\tracinglostchars = 0
%
% Don't bother to do space factor calculations.
\frenchspacing
%
% Don't report underfull hboxes.
\hbadness = 10000
%
% Do minimal line-breaking.
\pretolerance = 10000
%
% Do not execute instructions in @tex
\def\tex{\doignore{tex}}
}
% @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value.
% @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE.
%
% Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be
% empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our
% own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we
% didn't need it.
%
\def\set{\parsearg\setxxx}
\def\setxxx#1{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy}
\def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{%
\def\temp{#2}%
\ifx\temp\empty \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname = \empty
\else \setzzz{#1}#2\endsetzzz % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted.
\fi
}
\def\setzzz#1#2 \endsetzzz{\expandafter\xdef\csname SET#1\endcsname{#2}}
% @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR.
%
\def\clear{\parsearg\clearxxx}
\def\clearxxx#1{\global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax}
% @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo.
%
\def\value#1{\expandafter
\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
{\{No value for ``#1''\}}
\else \csname SET#1\endcsname \fi}
% @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined
% with @set.
%
\def\ifset{\parsearg\ifsetxxx}
\def\ifsetxxx #1{%
\expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
\expandafter\ifsetfail
\else
\expandafter\ifsetsucceed
\fi
}
\def\ifsetsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifset}}
\def\ifsetfail{\nestedignore{ifset}}
\defineunmatchedend{ifset}
% @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been
% defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear.
%
\def\ifclear{\parsearg\ifclearxxx}
\def\ifclearxxx #1{%
\expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
\expandafter\ifclearsucceed
\else
\expandafter\ifclearfail
\fi
}
\def\ifclearsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifclear}}
\def\ifclearfail{\nestedignore{ifclear}}
\defineunmatchedend{ifclear}
% @iftex always succeeds; we read the text following, through @end
% iftex). But `@end iftex' should be valid only after an @iftex.
%
\def\iftex{\conditionalsucceed{iftex}}
\defineunmatchedend{iftex}
% We can't just want to start a group at @iftex (for example) and end it
% at @end iftex, since then @set commands inside the conditional have no
% effect (they'd get reverted at the end of the group). So we must
% define \Eiftex to redefine itself to be its previous value. (We can't
% just define it to fail again with an ``unmatched end'' error, since
% the @ifset might be nested.)
%
\def\conditionalsucceed#1{%
\edef\temp{%
% Remember the current value of \E#1.
\let\nece{prevE#1} = \nece{E#1}%
%
% At the `@end #1', redefine \E#1 to be its previous value.
\def\nece{E#1}{\let\nece{E#1} = \nece{prevE#1}}%
}%
\temp
}
% We need to expand lots of \csname's, but we don't want to expand the
% control sequences after we've constructed them.
%
\def\nece#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}
% @asis just yields its argument. Used with @table, for example.
%
\def\asis#1{#1}
% @math means output in math mode.
% We don't use $'s directly in the definition of \math because control
% sequences like \math are expanded when the toc file is written. Then,
% we read the toc file back, the $'s will be normal characters (as they
% should be, according to the definition of Texinfo). So we must use a
% control sequence to switch into and out of math mode.
%
% This isn't quite enough for @math to work properly in indices, but it
% seems unlikely it will ever be needed there.
%
\let\implicitmath = $
\def\math#1{\implicitmath #1\implicitmath}
% @bullet and @minus need the same treatment as @math, just above.
\def\bullet{\implicitmath\ptexbullet\implicitmath}
\def\minus{\implicitmath-\implicitmath}
\def\node{\ENVcheck\parsearg\nodezzz}
\def\nodezzz#1{\nodexxx [#1,]}
\def\nodexxx[#1,#2]{\gdef\lastnode{#1}}
\let\nwnode=\node
\let\lastnode=\relax
\def\donoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}\fi
\let\lastnode=\relax}
\def\unnumbnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\unnumbsetref{\lastnode}\fi
\let\lastnode=\relax}
\def\appendixnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\appendixsetref{\lastnode}\fi
\let\lastnode=\relax}
\let\refill=\relax
% @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file.
% So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input.
% This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo.
\def\setfilename{%
\readauxfile
\opencontents
\openindices
\fixbackslash % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'.
\global\let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds.
\comment % Ignore the actual filename.
}
\outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend}
\def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**}
\def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{See Info file \file{\ignorespaces #3{}},
node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}}
\message{fonts,}
% Font-change commands.
% Texinfo supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
% So we set up a \sf analogous to plain's \rm, etc.
\newfam\sffam
\def\sf{\fam=\sffam \tensf}
\let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf.
%% Try out Computer Modern fonts at \magstephalf
\let\mainmagstep=\magstephalf
\ifx\bigger\relax
\let\mainmagstep=\magstep1
\font\textrm=cmr12
\font\texttt=cmtt12
\else
\font\textrm=cmr10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\texttt=cmtt10 scaled \mainmagstep
\fi
% Instead of cmb10, you many want to use cmbx10.
% cmbx10 is a prettier font on its own, but cmb10
% looks better when embedded in a line with cmr10.
\font\textbf=cmb10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\textit=cmti10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\textsl=cmsl10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\textsf=cmss10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\textsc=cmcsc10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep
\font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep
% A few fonts for @defun, etc.
\font\defbf=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1 %was 1314
\font\deftt=cmtt10 scaled \magstep1
\def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \bf}
% Fonts for indices and small examples.
% We actually use the slanted font rather than the italic,
% because texinfo normally uses the slanted fonts for that.
% Do not make many font distinctions in general in the index, since they
% aren't very useful.
\font\ninett=cmtt9
\font\indrm=cmr9
\font\indit=cmsl9
\let\indsl=\indit
\let\indtt=\ninett
\let\indsf=\indrm
\let\indbf=\indrm
\let\indsc=\indrm
\font\indi=cmmi9
\font\indsy=cmsy9
% Fonts for headings
\font\chaprm=cmbx12 scaled \magstep2
\font\chapit=cmti12 scaled \magstep2
\font\chapsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstep2
\font\chaptt=cmtt12 scaled \magstep2
\font\chapsf=cmss12 scaled \magstep2
\let\chapbf=\chaprm
\font\chapsc=cmcsc10 scaled\magstep3
\font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2
\font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3
\font\secrm=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1
\font\secit=cmti12 scaled \magstep1
\font\secsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstep1
\font\sectt=cmtt12 scaled \magstep1
\font\secsf=cmss12 scaled \magstep1
\font\secbf=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1
\font\secsc=cmcsc10 scaled\magstep2
\font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1
\font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2
% \font\ssecrm=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1 % This size an font looked bad.
% \font\ssecit=cmti10 scaled \magstep1 % The letters were too crowded.
% \font\ssecsl=cmsl10 scaled \magstep1
% \font\ssectt=cmtt10 scaled \magstep1
% \font\ssecsf=cmss10 scaled \magstep1
%\font\ssecrm=cmb10 scaled 1315 % Note the use of cmb rather than cmbx.
%\font\ssecit=cmti10 scaled 1315 % Also, the size is a little larger than
%\font\ssecsl=cmsl10 scaled 1315 % being scaled magstep1.
%\font\ssectt=cmtt10 scaled 1315
%\font\ssecsf=cmss10 scaled 1315
%\let\ssecbf=\ssecrm
\font\ssecrm=cmbx12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssecit=cmti12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssecsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssectt=cmtt12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssecsf=cmss12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssecbf=cmbx12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssecsc=cmcsc10 scaled \magstep1
\font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep1
% The smallcaps and symbol fonts should actually be scaled \magstep1.5,
% but that is not a standard magnification.
% Fonts for title page:
\font\titlerm = cmbx12 scaled \magstep3
\let\authorrm = \secrm
% In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters,
% we have to define the \textfont of the standard families. Since
% texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts, we
% don't bother to reset \scriptfont and \scriptscriptfont (which would
% also require loading a lot more fonts).
%
\def\resetmathfonts{%
\textfont0 = \tenrm \textfont1 = \teni \textfont2 = \tensy
\textfont\itfam = \tenit \textfont\slfam = \tensl \textfont\bffam = \tenbf
\textfont\ttfam = \tentt \textfont\sffam = \tensf
}
% The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead
% of just \STYLE. We do this so that font changes will continue to work
% in math mode, where it is the current \fam that is relevant in most
% cases, not the current. Plain TeX does, for example,
% \def\bf{\fam=\bffam \tenbf} By redefining \tenbf, we obviate the need
% to redefine \bf itself.
\def\textfonts{%
\let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl
\let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc
\let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy
\resetmathfonts}
\def\chapfonts{%
\let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl
\let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc
\let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy
\resetmathfonts}
\def\secfonts{%
\let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl
\let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc
\let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy
\resetmathfonts}
\def\subsecfonts{%
\let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl
\let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc
\let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy
\resetmathfonts}
\def\indexfonts{%
\let\tenrm=\indrm \let\tenit=\indit \let\tensl=\indsl
\let\tenbf=\indbf \let\tentt=\indtt \let\smallcaps=\indsc
\let\tensf=\indsf \let\teni=\indi \let\tensy=\indsy
\resetmathfonts}
% Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes.
%
\textfonts
% Count depth in font-changes, for error checks
\newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0
% Fonts for short table of contents.
\font\shortcontrm=cmr12
\font\shortcontbf=cmbx12
\font\shortcontsl=cmsl12
%% Add scribe-like font environments, plus @l for inline lisp (usually sans
%% serif) and @ii for TeX italic
% \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction
% unless the following character is such as not to need one.
\def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else\/\fi\fi\fi}
\def\smartitalic#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
\let\i=\smartitalic
\let\var=\smartitalic
\let\dfn=\smartitalic
\let\emph=\smartitalic
\let\cite=\smartitalic
\def\b#1{{\bf #1}}
\let\strong=\b
% We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at
% the end of a paragraph. Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the
% group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called.
%
\def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1 \aftergroup\restorehyphenation}
\def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- }
\def\t#1{%
{\tt \nohyphenation \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}%
\null
}
\let\ttfont = \t
%\def\samp #1{`{\tt \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}'\null}
\def\samp #1{`\tclose{#1}'\null}
\def\key #1{{\tt \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null}
\def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1}
\let\file=\samp
% @code is a modification of @t,
% which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text.
\def\tclose#1{%
{%
% Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font.
\spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font
%
% Switch to typewriter.
\tt
%
% But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
\def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}%
%
% Turn off hyphenation.
\nohyphenation
%
\rawbackslash
\frenchspacing
#1%
}%
\null
}
% We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in \code.
% Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overful hboxes
% in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc.
% Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control
% both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words.
% We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that)
% and arrange explicitly to hyphenate an a dash.
% -- rms.
{
\catcode`\-=\active
\catcode`\_=\active
\global\def\code{\begingroup \catcode`\-=\active \let-\codedash \catcode`\_=\active \let_\codeunder \codex}
% The following is used by \doprintindex to insure that long function names
% wrap around. It is necessary for - and _ to be active before the index is
% read from the file, as \entry parses the arguments long before \code is
% ever called. -- mycroft
\global\def\indexbreaks{\catcode`\-=\active \let-\realdash \catcode`\_=\active \let_\realunder}
}
\def\realdash{-}
\def\realunder{_}
\def\codedash{-\discretionary{}{}{}}
\def\codeunder{\normalunderscore\discretionary{}{}{}}
\def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup}
%\let\exp=\tclose %Was temporary
% @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command,
% then @kbd has no effect.
\def\xkey{\key}
\def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}%
\ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}%
\else\tclose{\look}\fi
\else\tclose{\look}\fi}
% Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'. The only reason for the
% argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of
% @dmn{}pt.
%
\def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1}
\def\kbd#1{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdfoo\look??\par}
\def\l#1{{\li #1}\null} %
\def\r#1{{\rm #1}} % roman font
% Use of \lowercase was suggested.
\def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}} % smallcaps font
\def\ii#1{{\it #1}} % italic font
\message{page headings,}
\newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in
\newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc
% First the title page. Must do @settitle before @titlepage.
\def\titlefont#1{{\titlerm #1}}
\newif\ifseenauthor
\newif\iffinishedtitlepage
\def\shorttitlepage{\parsearg\shorttitlepagezzz}
\def\shorttitlepagezzz #1{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
\endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}
\def\titlepage{\begingroup \parindent=0pt \textfonts
\let\subtitlerm=\tenrm
% I deinstalled the following change because \cmr12 is undefined.
% This change was not in the ChangeLog anyway. --rms.
% \let\subtitlerm=\cmr12
\def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}%
%
\def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines}%
%
% Leave some space at the very top of the page.
\vglue\titlepagetopglue
%
% Now you can print the title using @title.
\def\title{\parsearg\titlezzz}%
\def\titlezzz##1{\leftline{\titlefont{##1}}
% print a rule at the page bottom also.
\finishedtitlepagefalse
\vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt}%
% No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title.
\finishedtitlepagetrue
%
% Now you can put text using @subtitle.
\def\subtitle{\parsearg\subtitlezzz}%
\def\subtitlezzz##1{{\subtitlefont \rightline{##1}}}%
%
% @author should come last, but may come many times.
\def\author{\parsearg\authorzzz}%
\def\authorzzz##1{\ifseenauthor\else\vskip 0pt plus 1filll\seenauthortrue\fi
{\authorfont \leftline{##1}}}%
%
% Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space
% at the top of the second. We don't want the ragged left on the second.
\let\oldpage = \page
\def\page{%
\iffinishedtitlepage\else
\finishtitlepage
\fi
\oldpage
\let\page = \oldpage
\hbox{}}%
% \def\page{\oldpage \hbox{}}
}
\def\Etitlepage{%
\iffinishedtitlepage\else
\finishtitlepage
\fi
% It is important to do the page break before ending the group,
% because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group.
% If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page
% after the title page, which we certainly don't want.
\oldpage
\endgroup
\HEADINGSon
}
\def\finishtitlepage{%
\vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt width \hsize
\vskip\titlepagebottomglue
\finishedtitlepagetrue
}
%%% Set up page headings and footings.
\let\thispage=\folio
\newtoks \evenheadline % Token sequence for heading line of even pages
\newtoks \oddheadline % Token sequence for heading line of odd pages
\newtoks \evenfootline % Token sequence for footing line of even pages
\newtoks \oddfootline % Token sequence for footing line of odd pages
% Now make Tex use those variables
\headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline
\else \the\evenheadline \fi}}
\footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline
\else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook}
\let\HEADINGShook=\relax
% Commands to set those variables.
% For example, this is what @headings on does
% @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter
% @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle
% @evenfooting @thisfile||
% @oddfooting ||@thisfile
\def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx}
\def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx}
\def\everyheading{\parsearg\everyheadingxxx}
\def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx}
\def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx}
\def\everyfooting{\parsearg\everyfootingxxx}
{\catcode`\@=0 %
\gdef\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\evenheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
\gdef\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\oddheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
\gdef\everyheadingxxx #1{\everyheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\everyheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}
\global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
\gdef\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\evenfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
\gdef\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\oddfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
\gdef\everyfootingxxx #1{\everyfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
\gdef\everyfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
\global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}
\global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
%
}% unbind the catcode of @.
% @headings double turns headings on for double-sided printing.
% @headings single turns headings on for single-sided printing.
% @headings off turns them off.
% @headings on same as @headings double, retained for compatibility.
% @headings after turns on double-sided headings after this page.
% @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page.
% @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page.
% By default, they are off.
\def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname}
\def\HEADINGSoff{
\global\evenheadline={\hfil} \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddheadline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil}}
\HEADINGSoff
% When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1.
% For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner,
% chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document
% title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top
% edge of all pages.
\def\HEADINGSdouble{
%\pagealignmacro
\global\pageno=1
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
}
% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
% page number on top right.
\def\HEADINGSsingle{
%\pagealignmacro
\global\pageno=1
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
}
\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}
\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex}
\let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter
\def\HEADINGSdoublex{%
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
}
\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex}
\def\HEADINGSsinglex{%
\global\evenfootline={\hfil}
\global\oddfootline={\hfil}
\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
}
% Subroutines used in generating headings
% Produces Day Month Year style of output.
\def\today{\number\day\space
\ifcase\month\or
January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
\space\number\year}
% Use this if you want the Month Day, Year style of output.
%\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
%January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
%July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
%\space\number\day, \number\year}
% @settitle line... specifies the title of the document, for headings
% It generates no output of its own
\def\thistitle{No Title}
\def\settitle{\parsearg\settitlezzz}
\def\settitlezzz #1{\gdef\thistitle{#1}}
\message{tables,}
% @tabs -- simple alignment
% These don't work. For one thing, \+ is defined as outer.
% So these macros cannot even be defined.
%\def\tabs{\parsearg\tabszzz}
%\def\tabszzz #1{\settabs\+#1\cr}
%\def\tabline{\parsearg\tablinezzz}
%\def\tablinezzz #1{\+#1\cr}
%\def\&{&}
% Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x), @kitem(x), @xitem(x).
% default indentation of table text
\newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in
% default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text
\newdimen\itemindent \itemindent=.3in
% margin between end of table item and start of table text.
\newdimen\itemmargin \itemmargin=.1in
% used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin
\newdimen\itemmax
% Note @table, @vtable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with
% these defs.
% They also define \itemindex
% to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none).
\newif\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip
\def\itemxpar{\par\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip\vskip-\parskip\nobreak\fi}
\def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz}
\def\internalBitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\itemzzz}
\def\internalBxitem "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \smallbreak \parsearg\xitemzzz}
\def\internalBxitemx "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \itemxpar \parsearg\xitemzzz}
\def\internalBkitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\kitemzzz}
\def\internalBkitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\kitemzzz}
\def\kitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \lastfunction}}%
\itemzzz {#1}}
\def\xitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \xitemsubtopic}}%
\itemzzz {#1}}
\def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup %
\advance\hsize by -\rightskip
\advance\hsize by -\tableindent
\setbox0=\hbox{\itemfont{#1}}%
\itemindex{#1}%
\nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx.
%
% Be sure we are not still in the middle of a paragraph.
%{\parskip = 0in
%\par
%}%
%
% If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line
% by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that
% line. We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next
% command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the
% horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space.
\ifdim \wd0>\itemmax
%
% Make this a paragraph so we get the \parskip glue and wrapping,
% but leave it ragged-right.
\begingroup
\advance\leftskip by-\tableindent
\advance\hsize by\tableindent
\advance\rightskip by0pt plus1fil
\leavevmode\unhbox0\par
\endgroup
%
% We're going to be starting a paragraph, but we don't want the
% \parskip glue -- logically it's part of the @item we just started.
\nobreak \vskip-\parskip
%
% Stop a page break at the \parskip glue coming up. Unfortunately
% we can't prevent a possible page break at the following
% \baselineskip glue.
\nobreak
\endgroup
\itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse
\else
% The item text fits into the space. Start a paragraph, so that the
% following text (if any) will end up on the same line. Since that
% text will be indented by \tableindent, we make the item text be in
% a zero-width box.
\noindent
\rlap{\hskip -\tableindent\box0}\ignorespaces%
\endgroup%
\itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue%
\fi
}
\def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a table}}
\def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a table}}
\def\kitem{\errmessage{@kitem while not in a table}}
\def\kitemx{\errmessage{@kitemx while not in a table}}
\def\xitem{\errmessage{@xitem while not in a table}}
\def\xitemx{\errmessage{@xitemx while not in a table}}
%% Contains a kludge to get @end[description] to work
\def\description{\tablez{\dontindex}{1}{}{}{}{}}
\def\table{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\tablex}
{\obeylines\obeyspaces%
\gdef\tablex #1^^M{%
\tabley\dontindex#1 \endtabley}}
\def\ftable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\ftablex}
{\obeylines\obeyspaces%
\gdef\ftablex #1^^M{%
\tabley\fnitemindex#1 \endtabley
\def\Eftable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\let\Etable=\relax}}
\def\vtable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\vtablex}
{\obeylines\obeyspaces%
\gdef\vtablex #1^^M{%
\tabley\vritemindex#1 \endtabley
\def\Evtable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\let\Etable=\relax}}
\def\dontindex #1{}
\def\fnitemindex #1{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}}%
\def\vritemindex #1{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}}%
{\obeyspaces %
\gdef\tabley#1#2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7\endtabley{\endgroup%
\tablez{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}
\def\tablez #1#2#3#4#5#6{%
\aboveenvbreak %
\begingroup %
\def\Edescription{\Etable}% Neccessary kludge.
\let\itemindex=#1%
\ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \leftskip by #3\mil \fi %
\ifnum 0#4>0 \tableindent=#4\mil \fi %
\ifnum 0#5>0 \advance \rightskip by #5\mil \fi %
\def\itemfont{#2}%
\itemmax=\tableindent %
\advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin %
\advance \leftskip by \tableindent %
\exdentamount=\tableindent
\parindent = 0pt
\parskip = \smallskipamount
\ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi%
\def\Etable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\let\item = \internalBitem %
\let\itemx = \internalBitemx %
\let\kitem = \internalBkitem %
\let\kitemx = \internalBkitemx %
\let\xitem = \internalBxitem %
\let\xitemx = \internalBxitemx %
}
% This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize
\newcount \itemno
\def\itemize{\parsearg\itemizezzz}
\def\itemizezzz #1{%
\begingroup % ended by the @end itemsize
\itemizey {#1}{\Eitemize}
}
\def\itemizey #1#2{%
\aboveenvbreak %
\itemmax=\itemindent %
\advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin %
\advance \leftskip by \itemindent %
\exdentamount=\itemindent
\parindent = 0pt %
\parskip = \smallskipamount %
\ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi%
\def#2{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
\def\itemcontents{#1}%
\let\item=\itemizeitem}
% Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value.
% These are `.?!:;,'
\def\frenchspacing{\sfcode46=1000 \sfcode63=1000 \sfcode33=1000
\sfcode58=1000 \sfcode59=1000 \sfcode44=1000 }
% \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in
% TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder.
%
\def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}%
% Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter,
% or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list. No
% argument is the same as `1'.
%
\def\enumerate{\parsearg\enumeratezzz}
\def\enumeratezzz #1{\enumeratey #1 \endenumeratey}
\def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{%
\begingroup % ended by the @end enumerate
%
% If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'.
\def\thearg{#1}%
\ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi
%
% Detect if the argument is a single token. If so, it might be a
% letter. Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number.
% (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made.
% This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at
% all -- the first parameter is undelimited.)
\expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark
\ifx\rest\empty
% Only one token in the argument. It could still be anything.
% A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero.
% An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and
% not equal to itself.
% Otherwise, we assume it's a number.
%
% We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from
% continuing to look for a <number>.
%
\ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax
\numericenumerate % a number (we hope)
\else
% It's a letter.
\ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax
\lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter
\else
\uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter
\fi
\fi
\else
% Multiple tokens in the argument. We hope it's a number.
\numericenumerate
\fi
}
% An @enumerate whose labels are integers. The starting integer is
% given in \thearg.
%
\def\numericenumerate{%
\itemno = \thearg
\startenumeration{\the\itemno}%
}
% The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg.
\def\lowercaseenumerate{%
\itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
\startenumeration{%
% Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
\ifnum\itemno=0
\errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
alphabet}%
\fi
\char\lccode\itemno
}%
}
% The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg.
\def\uppercaseenumerate{%
\itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
\startenumeration{%
% Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
\ifnum\itemno=0
\errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
alphabet}
\fi
\char\uccode\itemno
}%
}
% Call itemizey, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the
% common last two arguments. Also subtract one from the initial value in
% \itemno, since @item increments \itemno.
%
\def\startenumeration#1{%
\advance\itemno by -1
\itemizey{#1.}\Eenumerate\flushcr
}
% @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg
% to @enumerate.
%
\def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}}
\def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}}
\def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate}
\def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate}
% Definition of @item while inside @itemize.
\def\itemizeitem{%
\advance\itemno by 1
{\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}%
\ifhmode \errmessage{\in hmode at itemizeitem}\fi
{\parskip=0in \hskip 0pt
\hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents\hskip \itemmargin}%
\vadjust{\penalty 1200}}%
\flushcr}
\message{indexing,}
% Index generation facilities
% Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite
% except not \outer, so it can be used within \newindex.
{\catcode`\@=11
\gdef\newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}}
% \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo.
% It automatically defines \fooindex such that
% \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo.
% It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for
% the file that accumulates this index. The file's extension is foo.
% The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long
% for the sake of vms.
\def\newindex #1{
\expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file
\openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex
\noexpand\doindex {#1}}
}
% @defindex foo == \newindex{foo}
\def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex}
% Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code.
\def\newcodeindex #1{
\expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file
\openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex
\noexpand\docodeindex {#1}}
}
\def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex}
% @synindex foo bar makes index foo feed into index bar.
% Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index.
\def\synindex #1 #2 {%
\expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
\expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex
\noexpand\doindex {#2}}%
}
% @syncodeindex foo bar similar, but put all entries made for index foo
% inside @code.
\def\syncodeindex #1 #2 {%
\expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
\expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex
\noexpand\docodeindex {#2}}%
}
% Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros.
% Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro,
% and it is "foo", the name of the index.
% \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work.
% This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros.
% There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic}
% which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index.
\def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer}
\def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}}
% like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument.
\def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer}
\def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}}
\def\indexdummies{%
\def\_{{\realbackslash _}}%
\def\w{\realbackslash w }%
\def\bf{\realbackslash bf }%
\def\rm{\realbackslash rm }%
\def\sl{\realbackslash sl }%
\def\sf{\realbackslash sf}%
\def\tt{\realbackslash tt}%
\def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr}%
\def\less{\realbackslash less}%
\def\hat{\realbackslash hat}%
\def\char{\realbackslash char}%
\def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX}%
\def\dots{\realbackslash dots }%
\def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright }%
\def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}}%
\def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}}%
\def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}}%
\def\t##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}%
\def\r##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}%
\def\i##1{\realbackslash i {##1}}%
\def\b##1{\realbackslash b {##1}}%
\def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite {##1}}%
\def\key##1{\realbackslash key {##1}}%
\def\file##1{\realbackslash file {##1}}%
\def\var##1{\realbackslash var {##1}}%
\def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}}%
\def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}}%
\def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}}%
}
% \indexnofonts no-ops all font-change commands.
% This is used when outputting the strings to sort the index by.
\def\indexdummyfont#1{#1}
\def\indexdummytex{TeX}
\def\indexdummydots{...}
\def\indexnofonts{%
\let\w=\indexdummyfont
\let\t=\indexdummyfont
\let\r=\indexdummyfont
\let\i=\indexdummyfont
\let\b=\indexdummyfont
\let\emph=\indexdummyfont
\let\strong=\indexdummyfont
\let\cite=\indexdummyfont
\let\sc=\indexdummyfont
%Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command
% and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |...
%\let\tt=\indexdummyfont
\let\tclose=\indexdummyfont
\let\code=\indexdummyfont
\let\file=\indexdummyfont
\let\samp=\indexdummyfont
\let\kbd=\indexdummyfont
\let\key=\indexdummyfont
\let\var=\indexdummyfont
\let\TeX=\indexdummytex
\let\dots=\indexdummydots
}
% To define \realbackslash, we must make \ not be an escape.
% We must first make another character (@) an escape
% so we do not become unable to do a definition.
{\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\other
@gdef@realbackslash{\}}
\let\indexbackslash=0 %overridden during \printindex.
\def\doind #1#2{%
{\count10=\lastpenalty %
{\indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage
\escapechar=`\\%
{\let\folio=0% Expand all macros now EXCEPT \folio
\def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now
% so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash in the indx.
%
% Now process the index-string once, with all font commands turned off,
% to get the string to sort the index by.
{\indexnofonts
\xdef\temp1{#2}%
}%
% Now produce the complete index entry. We process the index-string again,
% this time with font commands expanded, to get what to print in the index.
\edef\temp{%
\write \csname#1indfile\endcsname{%
\realbackslash entry {\temp1}{\folio}{#2}}}%
\temp }%
}\penalty\count10}}
\def\dosubind #1#2#3{%
{\count10=\lastpenalty %
{\indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage
\escapechar=`\\%
{\let\folio=0%
\def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}%
%
% Now process the index-string once, with all font commands turned off,
% to get the string to sort the index by.
{\indexnofonts
\xdef\temp1{#2 #3}%
}%
% Now produce the complete index entry. We process the index-string again,
% this time with font commands expanded, to get what to print in the index.
\edef\temp{%
\write \csname#1indfile\endcsname{%
\realbackslash entry {\temp1}{\folio}{#2}{#3}}}%
\temp }%
}\penalty\count10}}
% The index entry written in the file actually looks like
% \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}
% or
% \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic}
% The texindex program reads in these files and writes files
% containing these kinds of lines:
% \initial {c}
% before the first topic whose initial is c
% \entry {topic}{pagelist}
% for a topic that is used without subtopics
% \primary {topic}
% for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics
% \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist}
% for each subtopic.
% Define the user-accessible indexing commands
% @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex.
\def\findex {\fnindex}
\def\kindex {\kyindex}
\def\cindex {\cpindex}
\def\vindex {\vrindex}
\def\tindex {\tpindex}
\def\pindex {\pgindex}
\def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub}
{\obeylines %
\gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup %
\dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}}
% Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material.
% This is what you call to cause a particular index to get printed.
% Write
% @unnumbered Function Index
% @printindex fn
\def\printindex{\parsearg\doprintindex}
\def\doprintindex#1{%
\tex
\dobreak \chapheadingskip {10000}
\catcode`\%=\other\catcode`\&=\other\catcode`\#=\other
\catcode`\$=\other
\catcode`\~=\other
\indexbreaks
%
% The following don't help, since the chars were translated
% when the raw index was written, and their fonts were discarded
% due to \indexnofonts.
%\catcode`\"=\active
%\catcode`\^=\active
%\catcode`\_=\active
%\catcode`\|=\active
%\catcode`\<=\active
%\catcode`\>=\active
% %
\def\indexbackslash{\rawbackslashxx}
\indexfonts\rm \tolerance=9500 \advance\baselineskip -1pt
\begindoublecolumns
%
% See if the index file exists and is nonempty.
\openin 1 \jobname.#1s
\ifeof 1
% \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index,
% and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the
% index. The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure
% there is some text.
(Index is nonexistent)
\else
%
% If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof
% false. We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so
% it can discover if there is anything in it.
\read 1 to \temp
\ifeof 1
(Index is empty)
\else
\input \jobname.#1s
\fi
\fi
\closein 1
\enddoublecolumns
\Etex
}
% These macros are used by the sorted index file itself.
% Change them to control the appearance of the index.
% Same as \bigskipamount except no shrink.
% \balancecolumns gets confused if there is any shrink.
\newskip\initialskipamount \initialskipamount 12pt plus4pt
\def\initial #1{%
{\let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt
\ifdim\lastskip<\initialskipamount
\removelastskip \penalty-200 \vskip \initialskipamount\fi
\line{\secbf#1\hfill}\kern 2pt\penalty10000}}
% This typesets a paragraph consisting of #1, dot leaders, and then #2
% flush to the right margin. It is used for index and table of contents
% entries. The paragraph is indented by \leftskip.
%
\def\entry #1#2{\begingroup
%
% Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't
% affect previous text.
\par
%
% Do not fill out the last line with white space.
\parfillskip = 0in
%
% No extra space above this paragraph.
\parskip = 0in
%
% Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines.
\finalhyphendemerits = 0
%
% \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number
% don't both fit on one line. In that case, bob suggests starting the
% dots pretty far over on the line. Unfortunately, a large
% indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across
% lines. So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders.
%
% \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start
% of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that.
\hangindent=2em
%
% When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line
% with blank space.
\rightskip = 0pt plus1fil
%
% Start a ``paragraph'' for the index entry so the line breaking
% parameters we've set above will have an effect.
\noindent
%
% Insert the text of the index entry. TeX will do line-breaking on it.
#1%
% The following is kluged to not output a line of dots in the index if
% there are no page numbers. The next person who breaks this will be
% cursed by a Unix daemon.
\def\tempa{{\rm }}%
\def\tempb{#2}%
\edef\tempc{\tempa}%
\edef\tempd{\tempb}%
\ifx\tempc\tempd\ \else%
%
% If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out
% this line with blank space. (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the
% fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.)
\hfil\penalty50
\null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number.
%
% The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as
% part of (the primitive) \par. Without it, a spurious underfull
% \hbox ensues.
\ #2% The page number ends the paragraph.
\fi%
\par
\endgroup}
% Like \dotfill except takes at least 1 em.
\def\indexdotfill{\cleaders
\hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu . \mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill}
\def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}}
\newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm
\def\secondary #1#2{
{\parfillskip=0in \parskip=0in
\hangindent =1in \hangafter=1
\noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill #2\par
}}
%% Define two-column mode, which is used in indexes.
%% Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416.
\catcode `\@=11
\newbox\partialpage
\newdimen\doublecolumnhsize
\def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup
% Grab any single-column material above us.
\output = {\global\setbox\partialpage
=\vbox{\unvbox255\kern -\topskip \kern \baselineskip}}%
\eject
%
% Now switch to the double-column output routine.
\output={\doublecolumnout}%
%
% Change the page size parameters. We could do this once outside this
% routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11
% format, but then we repeat the same computation. Repeating a couple
% of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the
% execution time, so we may as well do it once.
%
% First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between
% the columns. We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it
% changes automatically with the paper format. The magic constant
% below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +- <
% 1pt) as it did when we hard-coded it.
%
% We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we
% can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially)
% been clobbered.
%
\doublecolumnhsize = \hsize
\advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize
\divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2
\hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
%
% Double the \vsize as well. (We don't need a separate register here,
% since nobody clobbers \vsize.)
\vsize = 2\vsize
\doublecolumnpagegoal
}
\def\enddoublecolumns{\eject \endgroup \pagegoal=\vsize \unvbox\partialpage}
\def\doublecolumnsplit{\splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth
\global\dimen@=\pageheight \global\advance\dimen@ by-\ht\partialpage
\global\setbox1=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \global\setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox1}
\global\setbox3=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \global\setbox2=\vbox{\unvbox3}
\ifdim\ht0>\dimen@ \setbox255=\vbox{\unvbox0\unvbox2} \global\setbox255=\copy5 \fi
\ifdim\ht2>\dimen@ \setbox255=\vbox{\unvbox0\unvbox2} \global\setbox255=\copy5 \fi
}
\def\doublecolumnpagegoal{%
\dimen@=\vsize \advance\dimen@ by-2\ht\partialpage \global\pagegoal=\dimen@
}
\def\pagesofar{\unvbox\partialpage %
\hsize=\doublecolumnhsize % have to restore this since output routine
\wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}}
\def\doublecolumnout{%
\setbox5=\copy255
{\vbadness=10000 \doublecolumnsplit}
\ifvbox255
\setbox0=\vtop to\dimen@{\unvbox0}
\setbox2=\vtop to\dimen@{\unvbox2}
\onepageout\pagesofar \unvbox255 \penalty\outputpenalty
\else
\setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox5}
\ifvbox0
\dimen@=\ht0 \advance\dimen@ by\topskip \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip
\divide\dimen@ by2 \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth
{\vbadness=10000
\loop \global\setbox5=\copy0
\setbox1=\vsplit5 to\dimen@
\setbox3=\vsplit5 to\dimen@
\ifvbox5 \global\advance\dimen@ by1pt \repeat
\setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}
\setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}
\global\setbox\partialpage=\vbox{\pagesofar}
\doublecolumnpagegoal
}
\fi
\fi
}
\catcode `\@=\other
\message{sectioning,}
% Define chapters, sections, etc.
\newcount \chapno
\newcount \secno \secno=0
\newcount \subsecno \subsecno=0
\newcount \subsubsecno \subsubsecno=0
% This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ...
\newcount \appendixno \appendixno = `\@
\def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno}
\newwrite \contentsfile
% This is called from \setfilename.
\def\opencontents{\openout \contentsfile = \jobname.toc}
% Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter.
% page headings and footings can use it. @section does likewise
\def\thischapter{} \def\thissection{}
\def\seccheck#1{\if \pageno<0 %
\errmessage{@#1 not allowed after generating table of contents}\fi
%
}
\def\chapternofonts{%
\let\rawbackslash=\relax%
\let\frenchspacing=\relax%
\def\result{\realbackslash result}
\def\equiv{\realbackslash equiv}
\def\expansion{\realbackslash expansion}
\def\print{\realbackslash print}
\def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX}
\def\dots{\realbackslash dots}
\def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright}
\def\tt{\realbackslash tt}
\def\bf{\realbackslash bf }
\def\w{\realbackslash w}
\def\less{\realbackslash less}
\def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr}
\def\hat{\realbackslash hat}
\def\char{\realbackslash char}
\def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}}
\def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}}
\def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}}
\def\r##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}
\def\b##1{\realbackslash b {##1}}
\def\key##1{\realbackslash key {##1}}
\def\file##1{\realbackslash file {##1}}
\def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}}
% These are redefined because @smartitalic wouldn't work inside xdef.
\def\i##1{\realbackslash i {##1}}
\def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite {##1}}
\def\var##1{\realbackslash var {##1}}
\def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}}
\def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}}
}
\newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level
\newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raise/lowersections modify this count
% @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc.
\def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1}
\let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name
% @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc.
\def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1}
\let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name
% Choose a numbered-heading macro
% #1 is heading level if unmodified by @raisesections or @lowersections
% #2 is text for heading
\def\numhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1
\ifcase\absseclevel
\chapterzzz{#2}
\or
\seczzz{#2}
\or
\numberedsubseczzz{#2}
\or
\numberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
\else
\ifnum \absseclevel<0
\chapterzzz{#2}
\else
\numberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
\fi
\fi
}
% like \numhead, but chooses appendix heading levels
\def\apphead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1
\ifcase\absseclevel
\appendixzzz{#2}
\or
\appendixsectionzzz{#2}
\or
\appendixsubseczzz{#2}
\or
\appendixsubsubseczzz{#2}
\else
\ifnum \absseclevel<0
\appendixzzz{#2}
\else
\appendixsubsubseczzz{#2}
\fi
\fi
}
% like \numhead, but chooses numberless heading levels
\def\unnmhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1
\ifcase\absseclevel
\unnumberedzzz{#2}
\or
\unnumberedseczzz{#2}
\or
\unnumberedsubseczzz{#2}
\or
\unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
\else
\ifnum \absseclevel<0
\unnumberedzzz{#2}
\else
\unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2}
\fi
\fi
}
\def\thischaptername{No Chapter Title}
\outer\def\chapter{\parsearg\chapteryyy}
\def\chapteryyy #1{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz
\def\chapterzzz #1{\seccheck{chapter}%
\secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
\global\advance \chapno by 1 \message{Chapter \the\chapno}%
\chapmacro {#1}{\the\chapno}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
% We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter
% because we don't want its macros evaluated now.
\xdef\thischapter{Chapter \the\chapno: \noexpand\thischaptername}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry {#1}{\the\chapno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\donoderef %
\global\let\section = \numberedsec
\global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
}}
\outer\def\appendix{\parsearg\appendixyyy}
\def\appendixyyy #1{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz
\def\appendixzzz #1{\seccheck{appendix}%
\secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
\global\advance \appendixno by 1 \message{Appendix \appendixletter}%
\chapmacro {#1}{Appendix \appendixletter}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}%
\gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
\xdef\thischapter{Appendix \appendixletter: \noexpand\thischaptername}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry
{#1}{Appendix \appendixletter}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\appendixnoderef %
\global\let\section = \appendixsec
\global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec
}}
\outer\def\top{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy}
\outer\def\unnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy}
\def\unnumberedyyy #1{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz
\def\unnumberedzzz #1{\seccheck{unnumbered}%
\secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
%
% This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the
% argument to \message. Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX
% expanded them. For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX
% expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant
% to be executed, not expanded).
%
% Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear
% as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself. We use
% \the<toks register> to achieve this: TeX expands \the<toks> only once,
% simply yielding the contents of the <toks register>.
\toks0 = {#1}\message{(\the\toks0)}%
%
\unnumbchapmacro {#1}%
\gdef\thischapter{#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbchapentry {#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\unnumbnoderef %
\global\let\section = \unnumberedsec
\global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec
}}
\outer\def\numberedsec{\parsearg\secyyy}
\def\secyyy #1{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz
\def\seczzz #1{\seccheck{section}%
\subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 %
\gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry %
{#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\donoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\appenixsection{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy}
\outer\def\appendixsec{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy}
\def\appendixsecyyy #1{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz
\def\appendixsectionzzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsection}%
\subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 %
\gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry %
{#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\appendixnoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\unnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsecyyy}
\def\unnumberedsecyyy #1{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz
\def\unnumberedseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsec}%
\plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\unnumbnoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\numberedsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsecyyy}
\def\numberedsubsecyyy #1{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz
\def\numberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsection}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 %
\subsecheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry %
{#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\donoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\appendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsecyyy}
\def\appendixsubsecyyy #1{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz
\def\appendixsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsec}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 %
\subsecheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry %
{#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\appendixnoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\unnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsecyyy}
\def\unnumberedsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz
\def\unnumberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsec}%
\plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\unnumbnoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\numberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsubsecyyy}
\def\numberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz
\def\numberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsubsection}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 %
\subsubsecheading {#1}
{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry %
{#1}
{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}
{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\donoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\appendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubsecyyy}
\def\appendixsubsubsecyyy #1{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz
\def\appendixsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsubsec}%
\gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 %
\subsubsecheading {#1}
{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{#1}%
{\appendixletter}
{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\appendixnoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
\outer\def\unnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy}
\def\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz
\def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsubsec}%
\plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
{\chapternofonts%
\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsubsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
\escapechar=`\\%
\write \contentsfile \temp %
\unnumbnoderef %
\penalty 10000 %
}}
% These are variants which are not "outer", so they can appear in @ifinfo.
% Actually, they should now be obsolete; ordinary section commands should work.
\def\infotop{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz}
\def\infounnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz}
\def\infounnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedseczzz}
\def\infounnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubseczzz}
\def\infounnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubseczzz}
\def\infoappendix{\parsearg\appendixzzz}
\def\infoappendixsec{\parsearg\appendixseczzz}
\def\infoappendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubseczzz}
\def\infoappendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubseczzz}
\def\infochapter{\parsearg\chapterzzz}
\def\infosection{\parsearg\sectionzzz}
\def\infosubsection{\parsearg\subsectionzzz}
\def\infosubsubsection{\parsearg\subsubsectionzzz}
% These macros control what the section commands do, according
% to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered).
% Define them by default for a numbered chapter.
\global\let\section = \numberedsec
\global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
\global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
% Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading
% NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and
% such:
% 1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit
% overlong headings to fold.
% 2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a
% heading is obnoxious; this forbids it.
% 3) Likewise, headings look best if no \parindent is used, and
% if justification is not attempted. Hence \raggedright.
\def\majorheading{\parsearg\majorheadingzzz}
\def\majorheadingzzz #1{%
{\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }%
{\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200}
\def\chapheading{\parsearg\chapheadingzzz}
\def\chapheadingzzz #1{\chapbreak %
{\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200}
\def\heading{\parsearg\secheadingi}
\def\subheading{\parsearg\subsecheadingi}
\def\subsubheading{\parsearg\subsubsecheadingi}
% These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only
% (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it),
% given all the information in convenient, parsed form.
%%% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative)
\def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi}
\def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname}
%%% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it
% Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed)
\newskip \chapheadingskip \chapheadingskip = 30pt plus 8pt minus 4pt
\def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}}
\def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject}
\def\chapoddpage{\chappager \ifodd\pageno \else \hbox to 0pt{} \chappager\fi}
\def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname}
\def\CHAPPAGoff{
\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak
\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager}
\def\CHAPPAGon{
\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager
\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager
\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}}
\def\CHAPPAGodd{
\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage
\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage
\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}}
\CHAPPAGon
\def\CHAPFplain{
\global\let\chapmacro=\chfplain
\global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfplain}
\def\chfplain #1#2{%
\pchapsepmacro
{%
\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #2\enspace #1}%
}%
\bigskip
\penalty5000
}
\def\unnchfplain #1{%
\pchapsepmacro %
{\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 %
}
\CHAPFplain % The default
\def\unnchfopen #1{%
\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 %
}
\def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts
\vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}%
\par\penalty 5000 %
}
\def\CHAPFopen{
\global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen
\global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfopen}
% Parameter controlling skip before section headings.
\newskip \subsecheadingskip \subsecheadingskip = 17pt plus 8pt minus 4pt
\def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip {-500}}
\newskip \secheadingskip \secheadingskip = 21pt plus 8pt minus 4pt
\def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip {-1000}}
% @paragraphindent is defined for the Info formatting commands only.
\let\paragraphindent=\comment
% Section fonts are the base font at magstep2, which produces
% a size a bit more than 14 points in the default situation.
\def\secheading #1#2#3{\secheadingi {#2.#3\enspace #1}}
\def\plainsecheading #1{\secheadingi {#1}}
\def\secheadingi #1{{\advance \secheadingskip by \parskip %
\secheadingbreak}%
{\secfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #1\hfill}}%
\ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000 }
% Subsection fonts are the base font at magstep1,
% which produces a size of 12 points.
\def\subsecheading #1#2#3#4{\subsecheadingi {#2.#3.#4\enspace #1}}
\def\subsecheadingi #1{{\advance \subsecheadingskip by \parskip %
\subsecheadingbreak}%
{\subsecfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #1\hfill}}%
\ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000 }
\def\subsubsecfonts{\subsecfonts} % Maybe this should change:
% Perhaps make sssec fonts scaled
% magstep half
\def\subsubsecheading #1#2#3#4#5{\subsubsecheadingi {#2.#3.#4.#5\enspace #1}}
\def\subsubsecheadingi #1{{\advance \subsecheadingskip by \parskip %
\subsecheadingbreak}%
{\subsubsecfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
\parindent=0pt\raggedright
\rm #1\hfill}}%
\ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000}
\message{toc printing,}
% Finish up the main text and prepare to read what we've written
% to \contentsfile.
\newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in
\def\startcontents#1{%
\pagealignmacro
\immediate\closeout \contentsfile
\ifnum \pageno>0
\pageno = -1 % Request roman numbered pages.
\fi
% Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline.
% It is abundantly clear what they are.
\unnumbchapmacro{#1}\def\thischapter{}%
\begingroup % Set up to handle contents files properly.
\catcode`\\=0 \catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \catcode`\@=11
\raggedbottom % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom.
\advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length.
}
% Normal (long) toc.
\outer\def\contents{%
\startcontents{Table of Contents}%
\input \jobname.toc
\endgroup
\vfill \eject
}
% And just the chapters.
\outer\def\summarycontents{%
\startcontents{Short Contents}%
%
\let\chapentry = \shortchapentry
\let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry
% We want a true roman here for the page numbers.
\secfonts
\let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf \let\sl=\shortcontsl
\rm
\advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little.
\def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{}
\def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{}
\def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{}
\def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{}
\def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{}
\def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{}
\input \jobname.toc
\endgroup
\vfill \eject
}
\let\shortcontents = \summarycontents
% These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents.
% The first argument is the chapter or section name.
% The last argument is the page number.
% The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ...
% Chapter-level things, for both the long and short contents.
\def\chapentry#1#2#3{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#3}}
% See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings
\def\shortchapentry#1#2#3{%
\tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno{#3}}%
}
% Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents.
% The arg is, e.g. `Appendix A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter.
% We could simplify the code here by writing out an \appendixentry
% command in the toc file for appendices, instead of using \chapentry
% for both, but it doesn't seem worth it.
\setbox0 = \hbox{\shortcontrm Appendix }
\newdimen\shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth = \wd0
\def\shortchaplabel#1{%
% We typeset #1 in a box of constant width, regardless of the text of
% #1, so the chapter titles will come out aligned.
\setbox0 = \hbox{#1}%
\dimen0 = \ifdim\wd0 > \shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth \else 0pt \fi
%
% This space should be plenty, since a single number is .5em, and the
% widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts.
% (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after
% the label; that gets put in in \shortchapentry above.)
\advance\dimen0 by 1.1em
\hbox to \dimen0{#1\hfil}%
}
\def\unnumbchapentry#1#2{\dochapentry{#1}{#2}}
\def\shortunnumberedentry#1#2{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno{#2}}}
% Sections.
\def\secentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2.#3\labelspace#1}{#4}}
\def\unnumbsecentry#1#2{\dosecentry{#1}{#2}}
% Subsections.
\def\subsecentry#1#2#3#4#5{\dosubsecentry{#2.#3.#4\labelspace#1}{#5}}
\def\unnumbsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#2}}
% And subsubsections.
\def\subsubsecentry#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
\dosubsubsecentry{#2.#3.#4.#5\labelspace#1}{#6}}
\def\unnumbsubsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#2}}
% This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels.
\newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 3pc
% Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the
% page number.
%
% If the toc has to be broken over pages, we would want to be at chapters
% if at all possible; hence the \penalty.
\def\dochapentry#1#2{%
\penalty-300 \vskip\baselineskip
\begingroup
\chapentryfonts
\tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
\endgroup
\nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip
}
\def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup
\secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent
\tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
\endgroup}
\def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
\subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent
\tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
\endgroup}
\def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
\subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent
\tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
\endgroup}
% Final typesetting of a toc entry; we use the same \entry macro as for
% the index entries, but we want to suppress hyphenation here. (We
% can't do that in the \entry macro, since index entries might consist
% of hyphenated-identifiers-that-do-not-fit-on-a-line-and-nothing-else.)
%
\def\tocentry#1#2{\begingroup
\hyphenpenalty = 10000
\entry{#1}{#2}%
\endgroup}
% Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title.
\def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax}
\def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}}
\def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}}
\def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm}
\def\secentryfonts{\textfonts}
\let\subsecentryfonts = \textfonts
\let\subsubsecentryfonts = \textfonts
\message{environments,}
% Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of
% \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em.
% Furthermore, these definitions must come after we define our fonts.
\newbox\dblarrowbox \newbox\longdblarrowbox
\newbox\pushcharbox \newbox\bullbox
\newbox\equivbox \newbox\errorbox
\let\ptexequiv = \equiv
%{\tentt
%\global\setbox\dblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}
%\global\setbox\longdblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}
%\global\setbox\pushcharbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}
%\global\setbox\equivbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}
% Adapted from the manmac format (p.420 of TeXbook)
%\global\setbox\bullbox = \hbox to 1em{\kern.15em\vrule height .75ex width .85ex
% depth .1ex\hfil}
%}
\def\point{$\star$}
\def\result{\leavevmode\raise.15ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}}
\def\expansion{\leavevmode\raise.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}}
\def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}}
\def\equiv{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}}
% Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit.
{\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box.
\dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules
% The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.)
\setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \tensf error\kern-1.5pt}
\global\setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil
\hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right.
\advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules.
\vbox{
\hrule height\dimen2
\hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt % Space to left of text.
\vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below.
\kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right.
\hrule height\dimen2}
\hfil}
% The @error{} command.
\def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox}
% @tex ... @end tex escapes into raw Tex temporarily.
% One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works.
% But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character.
\def\tex{\begingroup
\catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
\catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6
\catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=13 \let~=\tie
\catcode `\%=14
\catcode 43=12
\catcode`\"=12
\catcode`\==12
\catcode`\|=12
\catcode`\<=12
\catcode`\>=12
\escapechar=`\\
%
\let\{=\ptexlbrace
\let\}=\ptexrbrace
\let\.=\ptexdot
\let\*=\ptexstar
\let\dots=\ptexdots
\def\@{@}%
\let\bullet=\ptexbullet
\let\b=\ptexb \let\c=\ptexc \let\i=\ptexi \let\t=\ptext \let\l=\ptexl
\let\L=\ptexL
%
\let\Etex=\endgroup}
% Define @lisp ... @endlisp.
% @lisp does a \begingroup so it can rebind things,
% including the definition of @endlisp (which normally is erroneous).
% Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp.
\newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in
% This is the definition that ^^M gets inside @lisp, @example, and other
% such environments. \null is better than a space, since it doesn't
% have any width.
\def\lisppar{\null\endgraf}
% Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword
% space in the output. Don't allow a line break at this space, as this
% is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input
% should produce a line of output anyway.
%
{\obeyspaces %
\gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie}}
% Define \obeyedspace to be our active space, whatever it is. This is
% for use in \parsearg.
{\sepspaces%
\global\let\obeyedspace= }
% This space is always present above and below environments.
\newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt
% Make spacing and below environment symmetrical. We use \parskip here
% to help in doing that, since in @example-like environments \parskip
% is reset to zero; thus the \afterenvbreak inserts no space -- but the
% start of the next paragraph will insert \parskip
%
\def\aboveenvbreak{{\advance\envskipamount by \parskip
\endgraf \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount
\removelastskip \penalty-50 \vskip\envskipamount \fi}}
\let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak
% \nonarrowing is a flag. If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins.
\let\nonarrowing=\relax
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around argument
\font\circle=lcircle10
\newdimen\circthick
\newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner
\newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip
\circthick=\fontdimen8\circle
%
\def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth
\def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}}
\def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}}
\def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}}
\def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
\ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr
\hskip\rskip}}
\def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
\cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr
\hskip\rskip}}
%
\newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip
\long\def\cartouche{%
\begingroup
\lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip
\leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt %we want these *outside*.
\cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip
\advance\cartinner by-\rskip
\cartouter=\hsize
\advance\cartouter by 18pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either
% side, and for 6pt waste from
% each corner char
\normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip
% Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin.
\let\nonarrowing=\comment
\vbox\bgroup
\baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt
\carttop
\hbox\bgroup
\hskip\lskip
\vrule\kern3pt
\vbox\bgroup
\hsize=\cartinner
\kern3pt
\begingroup
\baselineskip=\normbskip
\lineskip=\normlskip
\parskip=\normpskip
\vskip -\parskip
\def\Ecartouche{%
\endgroup
\kern3pt
\egroup
\kern3pt\vrule
\hskip\rskip
\egroup
\cartbot
\egroup
\endgroup
}}
% This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants,
% inside a group.
\def\nonfillstart{%
\aboveenvbreak
\inENV % This group ends at the end of the body
\hfuzz = 12pt % Don't be fussy
\sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens.
\singlespace
\let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines
\obeylines % each line of input is a line of output
\parskip = 0pt
\parindent = 0pt
\emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes
% @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing
% at next level down.
\ifx\nonarrowing\relax
\advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing
\exdentamount=\lispnarrowing
\let\exdent=\nofillexdent
\let\nonarrowing=\relax
\fi
}
% To ending an @example-like environment, we first end the paragraph
% (via \afterenvbreak's vertical glue), and then the group. That way we
% keep the zero \parskip that the environments set -- \parskip glue
% will be inserted at the beginning of the next paragraph in the
% document, after the environment.
%
\def\nonfillfinish{\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
% This macro is
\def\lisp{\begingroup
\nonfillstart
\let\Elisp = \nonfillfinish
\tt
\rawbackslash % have \ input char produce \ char from current font
\gobble
}
% Define the \E... control sequence only if we are inside the
% environment, so the error checking in \end will work.
%
% We must call \lisp last in the definition, since it reads the
% return following the @example (or whatever) command.
%
\def\example{\begingroup \def\Eexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
\def\smallexample{\begingroup \def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
\def\smalllisp{\begingroup \def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
% @smallexample and @smalllisp. This is not used unless the @smallbook
% command is given. Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox.
%
\def\smalllispx{\begingroup
\nonfillstart
\let\Esmalllisp = \nonfillfinish
\let\Esmallexample = \nonfillfinish
%
% Smaller interline space and fonts for small examples.
\baselineskip 10pt
\indexfonts \tt
\rawbackslash % output the \ character from the current font
\gobble
}
% This is @display; same as @lisp except use roman font.
%
\def\display{\begingroup
\nonfillstart
\let\Edisplay = \nonfillfinish
\gobble
}
% This is @format; same as @display except don't narrow margins.
%
\def\format{\begingroup
\let\nonarrowing = t
\nonfillstart
\let\Eformat = \nonfillfinish
\gobble
}
% @flushleft (same as @format) and @flushright.
%
\def\flushleft{\begingroup
\let\nonarrowing = t
\nonfillstart
\let\Eflushleft = \nonfillfinish
\gobble
}
\def\flushright{\begingroup
\let\nonarrowing = t
\nonfillstart
\let\Eflushright = \nonfillfinish
\advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill
\gobble}
% @quotation does normal linebreaking and narrows the margins.
%
\def\quotation{%
\begingroup\inENV %This group ends at the end of the @quotation body
{\parskip=0pt % because we will skip by \parskip too, later
\aboveenvbreak}%
\singlespace
\parindent=0pt
\let\Equotation = \nonfillfinish
% @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing
% at next level down.
\ifx\nonarrowing\relax
\advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing
\advance \rightskip by \lispnarrowing
\exdentamount=\lispnarrowing
\let\nonarrowing=\relax
\fi}
\message{defuns,}
% Define formatter for defuns
% First, allow user to change definition object font (\df) internally
\def\setdeffont #1 {\csname DEF#1\endcsname}
\newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in
\newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt
\newskip\deftypemargin \deftypemargin=12pt
\newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt
\newcount\parencount
% define \functionparens, which makes ( and ) and & do special things.
% \functionparens affects the group it is contained in.
\def\activeparens{%
\catcode`\(=\active \catcode`\)=\active \catcode`\&=\active
\catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active}
% Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars.
\let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = )
{\activeparens % Now, smart parens don't turn on until &foo (see \amprm)
% Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc. For example,
% if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet,
% so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence.
\global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen
\global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack
\gdef\functionparens{\boldbrax\let&=\amprm\parencount=0 }
\gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb}
% Definitions of (, ) and & used in args for functions.
% This is the definition of ( outside of all parentheses.
\gdef\oprm#1 {{\rm\char`\(}#1 \bf \let(=\opnested %
\global\advance\parencount by 1 }
%
% This is the definition of ( when already inside a level of parens.
\gdef\opnested{\char`\(\global\advance\parencount by 1 }
%
\gdef\clrm{% Print a paren in roman if it is taking us back to depth of 0.
% also in that case restore the outer-level definition of (.
\ifnum \parencount=1 {\rm \char `\)}\sl \let(=\oprm \else \char `\) \fi
\global\advance \parencount by -1 }
% If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards
\gdef\amprm#1 {{\rm\&#1}\let(=\oprm \let)=\clrm\ }
%
\gdef\normalparens{\boldbrax\let&=\ampnr}
} % End of definition inside \activeparens
%% These parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than the
%% contained text. This is especially needed for [ and ]
\def\opnr{{\sf\char`\(}} \def\clnr{{\sf\char`\)}} \def\ampnr{\&}
\def\lbrb{{\bf\char`\[}} \def\rbrb{{\bf\char`\]}}
% First, defname, which formats the header line itself.
% #1 should be the function name.
% #2 should be the type of definition, such as "Function".
\def\defname #1#2{%
% Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were
% outside the @def...
\dimen2=\leftskip
\advance\dimen2 by -\defbodyindent
\dimen3=\rightskip
\advance\dimen3 by -\defbodyindent
\noindent %
\setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \deflastargmargin{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}%
\dimen0=\hsize \advance \dimen0 by -\wd0 % compute size for first line
\dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -\defargsindent %size for continuations
\parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1 %
% Now output arg 2 ("Function" or some such)
% ending at \deftypemargin from the right margin,
% but stuck inside a box of width 0 so it does not interfere with linebreaking
{% Adjust \hsize to exclude the ambient margins,
% so that \rightline will obey them.
\advance \hsize by -\dimen2 \advance \hsize by -\dimen3
\rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}}}%
% Make all lines underfull and no complaints:
\tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000
\advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
{\df #1}\enskip % Generate function name
}
% Actually process the body of a definition
% #1 should be the terminating control sequence, such as \Edefun.
% #2 should be the "another name" control sequence, such as \defunx.
% #3 should be the control sequence that actually processes the header,
% such as \defunheader.
\def\defparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup %
\catcode 61=\active % 61 is `='
\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}
\def\defmethparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}}}
\def\defopparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}
% These parsing functions are similar to the preceding ones
% except that they do not make parens into active characters.
% These are used for "variables" since they have no arguments.
\def\defvarparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit#3}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup %
\catcode 61=\active %
\obeylines\spacesplit#3}
% This is used for \def{tp,vr}parsebody. It could probably be used for
% some of the others, too, with some judicious conditionals.
%
\def\parsebodycommon#1#2#3{%
\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines
}
\def\defvrparsebody#1#2#3#4 {%
\parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}%
\spacesplit{#3{#4}}%
}
% This loses on `@deftp {Data Type} {struct termios}' -- it thinks the
% type is just `struct', because we lose the braces in `{struct
% termios}' when \spacesplit reads its undelimited argument. Sigh.
% \let\deftpparsebody=\defvrparsebody
%
% So, to get around this, we put \empty in with the type name. That
% way, TeX won't find exactly `{...}' as an undelimited argument, and
% won't strip off the braces.
%
\def\deftpparsebody #1#2#3#4 {%
\parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}%
\spacesplit{\parsetpheaderline{#3{#4}}}\empty
}
% Fine, but then we have to eventually remove the \empty *and* the
% braces (if any). That's what this does, putting the result in \tptemp.
%
\def\removeemptybraces\empty#1\relax{\def\tptemp{#1}}%
% After \spacesplit has done its work, this is called -- #1 is the final
% thing to call, #2 the type name (which starts with \empty), and #3
% (which might be empty) the arguments.
%
\def\parsetpheaderline#1#2#3{%
\removeemptybraces#2\relax
#1{\tptemp}{#3}%
}%
\def\defopvarparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV %
\medbreak %
% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
% so that it will exit this group.
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
\def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
\parindent=0in
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}
% Split up #2 at the first space token.
% call #1 with two arguments:
% the first is all of #2 before the space token,
% the second is all of #2 after that space token.
% If #2 contains no space token, all of it is passed as the first arg
% and the second is passed as empty.
{\obeylines
\gdef\spacesplit#1#2^^M{\endgroup\spacesplitfoo{#1}#2 \relax\spacesplitfoo}%
\long\gdef\spacesplitfoo#1#2 #3#4\spacesplitfoo{%
\ifx\relax #3%
#1{#2}{}\else #1{#2}{#3#4}\fi}}
% So much for the things common to all kinds of definitions.
% Define @defun.
% First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of \defun
% Use this to expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up
\def\defunargs #1{\functionparens \sl
% Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars.
% Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar.
\hyphenchar\tensl=0
#1%
\hyphenchar\tensl=45
\ifnum\parencount=0 \else \errmessage{unbalanced parens in @def arguments}\fi%
\interlinepenalty=10000
\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000%
}
\def\deftypefunargs #1{%
% Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars.
% Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar.
\functionparens
\tclose{#1}% avoid \code because of side effects on active chars
\interlinepenalty=10000
\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000%
}
% Do complete processing of one @defun or @defunx line already parsed.
% @deffn Command forward-char nchars
\def\deffn{\defmethparsebody\Edeffn\deffnx\deffnheader}
\def\deffnheader #1#2#3{\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}%
\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defunargs{#3}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}
% @defun == @deffn Function
\def\defun{\defparsebody\Edefun\defunx\defunheader}
\def\defunheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{Function}%
\defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}
% @deftypefun int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar})
\def\deftypefun{\defparsebody\Edeftypefun\deftypefunx\deftypefunheader}
% #1 is the data type. #2 is the name and args.
\def\deftypefunheader #1#2{\deftypefunheaderx{#1}#2 \relax}
% #1 is the data type, #2 the name, #3 the args.
\def\deftypefunheaderx #1#2 #3\relax{%
\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {\code{#1} #2}{Function}%
\deftypefunargs {#3}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}
% @deftypefn {Library Function} int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar})
\def\deftypefn{\defmethparsebody\Edeftypefn\deftypefnx\deftypefnheader}
% #1 is the classification. #2 is the data type. #3 is the name and args.
\def\deftypefnheader #1#2#3{\deftypefnheaderx{#1}{#2}#3 \relax}
% #1 is the classification, #2 the data type, #3 the name, #4 the args.
\def\deftypefnheaderx #1#2#3 #4\relax{%
\doind {fn}{\code{#3}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup
\normalparens % notably, turn off `&' magic, which prevents
% at least some C++ text from working
\defname {\code{#2} #3}{#1}%
\deftypefunargs {#4}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}
% @defmac == @deffn Macro
\def\defmac{\defparsebody\Edefmac\defmacx\defmacheader}
\def\defmacheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{Macro}%
\defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}
% @defspec == @deffn Special Form
\def\defspec{\defparsebody\Edefspec\defspecx\defspecheader}
\def\defspecheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{Special Form}%
\defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
\catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
}
% This definition is run if you use @defunx
% anywhere other than immediately after a @defun or @defunx.
\def\deffnx #1 {\errmessage{@deffnx in invalid context}}
\def\defunx #1 {\errmessage{@defunx in invalid context}}
\def\defmacx #1 {\errmessage{@defmacx in invalid context}}
\def\defspecx #1 {\errmessage{@defspecx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypefnx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypefnx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypeunx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypeunx in invalid context}}
% @defmethod, and so on
% @defop {Funny Method} foo-class frobnicate argument
\def\defop #1 {\def\defoptype{#1}%
\defopparsebody\Edefop\defopx\defopheader\defoptype}
\def\defopheader #1#2#3{%
\dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% Make entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defoptype{} on #1}%
\defunargs {#3}\endgroup %
}
% @defmethod == @defop Method
\def\defmethod{\defmethparsebody\Edefmethod\defmethodx\defmethodheader}
\def\defmethodheader #1#2#3{%
\dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% entry in function index
\begingroup\defname {#2}{Method on #1}%
\defunargs {#3}\endgroup %
}
% @defcv {Class Option} foo-class foo-flag
\def\defcv #1 {\def\defcvtype{#1}%
\defopvarparsebody\Edefcv\defcvx\defcvarheader\defcvtype}
\def\defcvarheader #1#2#3{%
\dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defcvtype{} of #1}%
\defvarargs {#3}\endgroup %
}
% @defivar == @defcv {Instance Variable}
\def\defivar{\defvrparsebody\Edefivar\defivarx\defivarheader}
\def\defivarheader #1#2#3{%
\dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#2}{Instance Variable of #1}%
\defvarargs {#3}\endgroup %
}
% These definitions are run if you use @defmethodx, etc.,
% anywhere other than immediately after a @defmethod, etc.
\def\defopx #1 {\errmessage{@defopx in invalid context}}
\def\defmethodx #1 {\errmessage{@defmethodx in invalid context}}
\def\defcvx #1 {\errmessage{@defcvx in invalid context}}
\def\defivarx #1 {\errmessage{@defivarx in invalid context}}
% Now @defvar
% First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of @defvar.
% This is actually simple: just print them in roman.
% This must expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up
\def\defvarargs #1{\normalparens #1%
\interlinepenalty=10000
\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000}
% @defvr Counter foo-count
\def\defvr{\defvrparsebody\Edefvr\defvrx\defvrheader}
\def\defvrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#2}}%
\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defvarargs{#3}\endgroup}
% @defvar == @defvr Variable
\def\defvar{\defvarparsebody\Edefvar\defvarx\defvarheader}
\def\defvarheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{Variable}%
\defvarargs {#2}\endgroup %
}
% @defopt == @defvr {User Option}
\def\defopt{\defvarparsebody\Edefopt\defoptx\defoptheader}
\def\defoptheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index
\begingroup\defname {#1}{User Option}%
\defvarargs {#2}\endgroup %
}
% @deftypevar int foobar
\def\deftypevar{\defvarparsebody\Edeftypevar\deftypevarx\deftypevarheader}
% #1 is the data type. #2 is the name.
\def\deftypevarheader #1#2{%
\doind {vr}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in variables index
\begingroup\defname {\code{#1} #2}{Variable}%
\interlinepenalty=10000
\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000
\endgroup}
% @deftypevr {Global Flag} int enable
\def\deftypevr{\defvrparsebody\Edeftypevr\deftypevrx\deftypevrheader}
\def\deftypevrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#3}}%
\begingroup\defname {\code{#2} #3}{#1}
\interlinepenalty=10000
\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000
\endgroup}
% This definition is run if you use @defvarx
% anywhere other than immediately after a @defvar or @defvarx.
\def\defvrx #1 {\errmessage{@defvrx in invalid context}}
\def\defvarx #1 {\errmessage{@defvarx in invalid context}}
\def\defoptx #1 {\errmessage{@defoptx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypevarx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevarx in invalid context}}
\def\deftypevrx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevrx in invalid context}}
% Now define @deftp
% Args are printed in bold, a slight difference from @defvar.
\def\deftpargs #1{\bf \defvarargs{#1}}
% @deftp Class window height width ...
\def\deftp{\deftpparsebody\Edeftp\deftpx\deftpheader}
\def\deftpheader #1#2#3{\doind {tp}{\code{#2}}%
\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\deftpargs{#3}\endgroup}
% This definition is run if you use @deftpx, etc
% anywhere other than immediately after a @deftp, etc.
\def\deftpx #1 {\errmessage{@deftpx in invalid context}}
\message{cross reference,}
% Define cross-reference macros
\newwrite \auxfile
\newif\ifhavexrefs % True if xref values are known.
\newif\ifwarnedxrefs % True if we warned once that they aren't known.
% \setref{foo} defines a cross-reference point named foo.
\def\setref#1{%
\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
\dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
\dosetq{#1-snt}{Ysectionnumberandtype}}
\def\unnumbsetref#1{%
\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
\dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
\dosetq{#1-snt}{Ynothing}}
\def\appendixsetref#1{%
\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
\dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
\dosetq{#1-snt}{Yappendixletterandtype}}
% \xref, \pxref, and \ref generate cross-references to specified points.
% For \xrefX, #1 is the node name, #2 the name of the Info
% cross-reference, #3 the printed node name, #4 the name of the Info
% file, #5 the name of the printed manual. All but the node name can be
% omitted.
%
\def\pxref#1{see \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
\def\xref#1{See \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
\def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
\def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup%
\def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}%
\def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #3}%
%
\setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual}%
\setbox0=\hbox{\printednodename}%
\ifdim \wd0=0pt%
% No printed node name was explicitly given.
\ifx SETxref-automatic-section-title %
% This line should make the actual chapter or section title appear inside
% the square brackets. Use the real section title if we have it.
\ifdim \wd1>0pt%
% It is in another manual, so we don't have it.
\def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1} \else%
% We know the real title if we have the xref values.
\ifhavexrefs \def\printednodename{\refx{#1-title}}%
% Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
\else \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1} \fi%
\fi\def\printednodename{#1-title}%
\else% This line just uses the node name.
\def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}%
\fi% ends \ifx SETxref-automatic-section-title
\fi% ends \ifdim \wd0
%
%
% If we use \unhbox0 and \unhbox1 to print the node names, TeX does
% not insert empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it
% will not find a line break at a hyphen in a node names. Since some
% manuals are best written with fairly long node names, containing
% hyphens, this is a loss. Therefore, we simply give the text of
% the node name again, so it is as if TeX is seeing it for the first
% time.
\ifdim \wd1>0pt
section ``\printednodename'' in \cite{\printedmanual}%
\else%
\turnoffactive%
\refx{#1-snt}{} [\printednodename], page\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}%
\fi
\endgroup}
% \dosetq is the interface for calls from other macros
% Use \turnoffactive so that punctuation chars such as underscore
% work in node names.
\def\dosetq #1#2{{\let\folio=0 \turnoffactive%
\edef\next{\write\auxfile{\internalsetq {#1}{#2}}}%
\next}}
% \internalsetq {foo}{page} expands into
% CHARACTERS 'xrdef {foo}{...expansion of \Ypage...}
% When the aux file is read, ' is the escape character
\def\internalsetq #1#2{'xrdef {#1}{\csname #2\endcsname}}
% Things to be expanded by \internalsetq
\def\Ypagenumber{\folio}
\def\Ytitle{\thissection}
\def\Ynothing{}
\def\Ysectionnumberandtype{%
\ifnum\secno=0 Chapter\xreftie\the\chapno %
\else \ifnum \subsecno=0 Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno %
\else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 %
Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno %
\else %
Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno %
\fi \fi \fi }
\def\Yappendixletterandtype{%
\ifnum\secno=0 Appendix\xreftie'char\the\appendixno{}%
\else \ifnum \subsecno=0 Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno %
\else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 %
Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno %
\else %
Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno %
\fi \fi \fi }
\gdef\xreftie{'tie}
% Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error
% messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.
%
\ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined
\let\linenumber = \empty % Non-3.0.
\else
\def\linenumber{\the\inputlineno:\space}
\fi
% Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME.
% If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward.
\def\refx#1#2{%
\expandafter\ifx\csname X#1\endcsname\relax
% If not defined, say something at least.
$\langle$un\-de\-fined$\rangle$%
\ifhavexrefs
\message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}%
\else
\ifwarnedxrefs\else
\global\warnedxrefstrue
\message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}%
\fi
\fi
\else
% It's defined, so just use it.
\csname X#1\endcsname
\fi
#2% Output the suffix in any case.
}
% Read the last existing aux file, if any. No error if none exists.
% This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file.
\def\xrdef #1#2{
{\catcode`\'=\other\expandafter \gdef \csname X#1\endcsname {#2}}}
\def\readauxfile{%
\begingroup
\catcode `\^^@=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\^^C=\other
\catcode `\^^D=\other
\catcode `\^^E=\other
\catcode `\^^F=\other
\catcode `\^^G=\other
\catcode `\^^H=\other
\catcode `\ =\other
\catcode `\^^L=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode `\=\other
\catcode 26=\other
\catcode `\^^[=\other
\catcode `\^^\=\other
\catcode `\^^]=\other
\catcode `\^^^=\other
\catcode `\^^_=\other
\catcode `\@=\other
\catcode `\^=\other
\catcode `\~=\other
\catcode `\[=\other
\catcode `\]=\other
\catcode`\"=\other
\catcode`\_=\other
\catcode`\|=\other
\catcode`\<=\other
\catcode`\>=\other
\catcode `\$=\other
\catcode `\#=\other
\catcode `\&=\other
% `\+ does not work, so use 43.
\catcode 43=\other
% the aux file uses ' as the escape.
% Turn off \ as an escape so we do not lose on
% entries which were dumped with control sequences in their names.
% For example, 'xrdef {$\leq $-fun}{page ...} made by @defun ^^
% Reference to such entries still does not work the way one would wish,
% but at least they do not bomb out when the aux file is read in.
\catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
\catcode `\%=\other
\catcode `\'=0
\catcode `\\=\other
\openin 1 \jobname.aux
\ifeof 1 \else \closein 1 \input \jobname.aux \global\havexrefstrue
\global\warnedobstrue
\fi
% Open the new aux file. Tex will close it automatically at exit.
\openout \auxfile=\jobname.aux
\endgroup}
% Footnotes.
\newcount \footnoteno
% The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is
% vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a
% pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is
% removed.
\def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 }
% @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only..
\let\footnotestyle=\comment
\let\ptexfootnote=\footnote
{\catcode `\@=11
%
% Auto-number footnotes. Otherwise like plain.
\gdef\footnote{%
\global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne
\edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}%
%
% In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the
% extra spacing after we do the footnote number.
\let\@sf\empty
\ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
%
% Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number.
\unskip
\thisfootno\@sf
\footnotezzz
}%
% Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the
% footnote text as a parameter. Our footnotes don't need to be so general.
%
\long\gdef\footnotezzz#1{\insert\footins{%
% We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the
% footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment.
% So reset some parameters.
\interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
\splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
\splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox
\floatingpenalty\@MM
\leftskip\z@skip
\rightskip\z@skip
\spaceskip\z@skip
\xspaceskip\z@skip
\parindent\defaultparindent
%
% Hang the footnote text off the number.
\hang
\textindent{\thisfootno}%
%
% Don't crash into the line above the footnote text. Since this
% expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it
% provide a place where TeX can split the footnote.
\footstrut
#1\strut}%
}
}%end \catcode `\@=11
% Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size
% correspondingly. There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers
% used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined.
%
\def\lineskipfactor{.08333}
\def\strutheightpercent{.70833}
\def\strutdepthpercent {.29167}
%
\def\setleading#1{%
\normalbaselineskip = #1\relax
\normallineskip = \lineskipfactor\normalbaselineskip
\normalbaselines
\setbox\strutbox =\hbox{%
\vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip
depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip
}%
}
% @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line. It should
% surround any changed text. This approach does *not* work if the
% change spans more than two lines of output. To handle that, we would
% have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main
% vertical list for the beginning and end of each change).
%
\def\|{%
% \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode.
\leavevmode
%
% Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output.
\vadjust{%
% We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current
% leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record.
\vskip-\baselineskip
%
% \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type. So
% the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin.
\llap{%
%
% For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'.
\vrule height\baselineskip width1pt
%
% This is the space between the bar and the text.
\hskip 12pt
}%
}%
}
% For a final copy, take out the rectangles
% that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided
% that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin).
%
\def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt}
% End of control word definitions.
\message{and turning on texinfo input format.}
\def\openindices{%
\newindex{cp}%
\newcodeindex{fn}%
\newcodeindex{vr}%
\newcodeindex{tp}%
\newcodeindex{ky}%
\newcodeindex{pg}%
}
% Set some numeric style parameters, for 8.5 x 11 format.
%\hsize = 6.5in
\newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt
\parindent = \defaultparindent
\parskip 18pt plus 1pt
\setleading{15pt}
\advance\topskip by 1.2cm
% Prevent underfull vbox error messages.
\vbadness=10000
% Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans.
\widowpenalty=10000
\clubpenalty=10000
% Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're
% using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. We want the amount of
% stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on
% \hsize. This makes it come to about 9pt for the 8.5x11 format.
%
\ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined
% Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway.
\def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}%
\else
\emergencystretch = \hsize
\divide\emergencystretch by 45
\fi
% Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 format (or else 7x9.25)
\def\smallbook{
% These values for secheadingskip and subsecheadingskip are
% experiments. RJC 7 Aug 1992
\global\secheadingskip = 17pt plus 6pt minus 3pt
\global\subsecheadingskip = 14pt plus 6pt minus 3pt
\global\lispnarrowing = 0.3in
\setleading{12pt}
\advance\topskip by -1cm
\global\parskip 3pt plus 1pt
\global\hsize = 5in
\global\vsize=7.5in
\global\tolerance=700
\global\hfuzz=1pt
\global\contentsrightmargin=0pt
\global\pagewidth=\hsize
\global\pageheight=\vsize
\global\let\smalllisp=\smalllispx
\global\let\smallexample=\smalllispx
\global\def\Esmallexample{\Esmalllisp}
}
% Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper.
\def\afourpaper{
\global\tolerance=700
\global\hfuzz=1pt
\setleading{12pt}
\global\parskip 15pt plus 1pt
\global\vsize= 53\baselineskip
\advance\vsize by \topskip
%\global\hsize= 5.85in % A4 wide 10pt
\global\hsize= 6.5in
\global\outerhsize=\hsize
\global\advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
\global\outervsize=\vsize
\global\advance\outervsize by 0.6in
\global\pagewidth=\hsize
\global\pageheight=\vsize
}
% Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text.
\catcode`\"=\other
\catcode`\~=\other
\catcode`\^=\other
\catcode`\_=\other
\catcode`\|=\other
\catcode`\<=\other
\catcode`\>=\other
\catcode`\+=\other
\def\normaldoublequote{"}
\def\normaltilde{~}
\def\normalcaret{^}
\def\normalunderscore{_}
\def\normalverticalbar{|}
\def\normalless{<}
\def\normalgreater{>}
\def\normalplus{+}
% This macro is used to make a character print one way in ttfont
% where it can probably just be output, and another way in other fonts,
% where something hairier probably needs to be done.
%
% #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print
% otherwise. Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero
% interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all
% typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter.
%
\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\the\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
% Turn off all special characters except @
% (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary).
% Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can
% use math or other variants that look better in normal text.
\catcode`\"=\active
\def\activedoublequote{{\tt \char '042}}
\let"=\activedoublequote
\catcode`\~=\active
\def~{{\tt \char '176}}
\chardef\hat=`\^
\catcode`\^=\active
\def^{{\tt \hat}}
\catcode`\_=\active
\def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_}
% Subroutine for the previous macro.
\def\_{\lvvmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}}
% \lvvmode is equivalent in function to \leavevmode.
% Using \leavevmode runs into trouble when written out to
% an index file due to the expansion of \leavevmode into ``\unhbox
% \voidb@x'' ---which looks to TeX like ``\unhbox \voidb\x'' due to our
% magic tricks with @.
\def\lvvmode{\vbox to 0pt{}}
\catcode`\|=\active
\def|{{\tt \char '174}}
\chardef \less=`\<
\catcode`\<=\active
\def<{{\tt \less}}
\chardef \gtr=`\>
\catcode`\>=\active
\def>{{\tt \gtr}}
\catcode`\+=\active
\def+{{\tt \char 43}}
%\catcode 27=\active
%\def^^[{$\diamondsuit$}
% Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters
% even after parsing them.
\def\turnoffactive{\let"=\normaldoublequote
\let~=\normaltilde
\let^=\normalcaret
\let_=\normalunderscore
\let|=\normalverticalbar
\let<=\normalless
\let>=\normalgreater
\let+=\normalplus}
% Set up an active definition for =, but don't enable it most of the time.
{\catcode`\==\active
\global\def={{\tt \char 61}}}
\catcode`\@=0
% \rawbackslashxx output one backslash character in current font
\global\chardef\rawbackslashxx=`\\
%{\catcode`\\=\other
%@gdef@rawbackslashxx{\}}
% \rawbackslash redefines \ as input to do \rawbackslashxx.
{\catcode`\\=\active
@gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@rawbackslashxx }}
% \normalbackslash outputs one backslash in fixed width font.
\def\normalbackslash{{\tt\rawbackslashxx}}
% Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
\escapechar=`\@
% \catcode 17=0 % Define control-q
\catcode`\\=\active
% If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up.
% That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing
% a backslash.
%
@gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash}
@global@let\ = @eatinput
% On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then
% the first `\{ in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix
% that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur.
%
@gdef@fixbackslash{@ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi}
%% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special. The @rm below
%% makes sure that the current font starts out as the newly loaded cmr10
@catcode`@$=@other @catcode`@%=@other @catcode`@&=@other @catcode`@#=@other
@textfonts
@rm
@c Local variables:
@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message"
@c End:
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