## Appendix L. Acronyms This is a list of acronyms commonly used in the PostgreSQL documentation and in discussions about PostgreSQL. ANSI [ American National Standards Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute) API [Application Programming Interface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API) ASCII [American Standard Code for Information Interchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascii) BKI [Backend Interface](bki.html) CA [Certificate Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority) CIDR [Classless Inter-Domain Routing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing) CPAN [Comprehensive Perl Archive Network](https://www.cpan.org/) CRL [Certificate Revocation List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_revocation_list) CSV [Comma Separated Values](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values) CTE [Common Table Expression](queries-with.html) CVE [Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures](https://cve.mitre.org/) DBA [Database Administrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_administrator) DBI [Database Interface (Perl)](https://dbi.perl.org/) DBMS [Database Management System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dbms) DDL [Data Definition Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Definition_Language), SQL commands such as `CREATE TABLE`, `ALTER USER` DML [Data Manipulation Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Manipulation_Language), SQL commands such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE` DST [Daylight Saving Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time) ECPG [Embedded C for PostgreSQL](ecpg.html) ESQL [Embedded SQL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_SQL) FAQ [Frequently Asked Questions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQ) FSM [Free Space Map](storage-fsm.html) GEQO [Genetic Query Optimizer](geqo.html) GIN [Generalized Inverted Index](gin.html) GiST [Generalized Search Tree](gist.html) Git [Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)) GMT [Greenwich Mean Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT) GSSAPI [Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Security_Services_Application_Program_Interface) GUC [Grand Unified Configuration](config-setting.html), the PostgreSQL subsystem that handles server configuration HBA [Host-Based Authentication](auth-pg-hba-conf.html) HOT [Heap-Only Tuples](https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=blob;f=src/backend/access/heap/README.HOT;hb=HEAD) IEC [International Electrotechnical Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission) IEEE [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers](https://standards.ieee.org/) IPC [Inter-Process Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication) ISO [International Organization for Standardization](https://www.iso.org/home.html) ISSN [International Standard Serial Number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issn) JDBC [Java Database Connectivity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity) JIT [Just-in-Time compilation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation) JSON [JavaScript Object Notation](https://www.json.org) LDAP [Lightweight Directory Access Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol) LSN Log Sequence Number, see [`pg_lsn`](datatype-pg-lsn.html) and [WAL Internals](wal-internals.html). MITM [ Man-in-the-middle attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack) MSVC [Microsoft Visual C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_C++) MVCC [Multi-Version Concurrency Control](mvcc.html) NLS [National Language Support](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization) ODBC [Open Database Connectivity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity) OID [Object Identifier](datatype-oid.html) OLAP [Online Analytical Processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olap) OLTP [Online Transaction Processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLTP) ORDBMS [Object-Relational Database Management System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORDBMS) PAM [Pluggable Authentication Modules](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules) PGSQL [PostgreSQL](index.html) PGXS [PostgreSQL Extension System](extend-pgxs.html) PID [Process Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_identifier) PITR [Point-In-Time Recovery](continuous-archiving.html) (Continuous Archiving) PL [Procedural Languages (server-side)](server-programming.html) POSIX [Portable Operating System Interface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX) RDBMS [Relational Database Management System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_system) RFC [Request For Comments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments) SGML [Standard Generalized Markup Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGML) SNI [ Server Name Indication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication), [RFC 6066](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066#section-3) SPI [Server Programming Interface](spi.html) SP-GiST [Space-Partitioned Generalized Search Tree](spgist.html) SQL [Structured Query Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL) SRF [Set-Returning Function](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-RETURN-SET) SSH [Secure Shell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell) SSL [Secure Sockets Layer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer) SSPI [Security Support Provider Interface](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa380493%28VS.85%29.aspx) SYSV [Unix System V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_V) TCP/IP [Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol) TID [Tuple Identifier](datatype-oid.html) TLS [ Transport Layer Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security) TOAST [The Oversized-Attribute Storage Technique](storage-toast.html) TPC [Transaction Processing Performance Council](http://www.tpc.org/) URL [Uniform Resource Locator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL) UTC [Coordinated Universal Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time) UTF [Unicode Transformation Format](https://www.unicode.org/) UTF8 [Eight-Bit Unicode Transformation Format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utf8) UUID [Universally Unique Identifier](datatype-uuid.html) WAL [Write-Ahead Log](wal.html) XID [Transaction Identifier](datatype-oid.html) XML [Extensible Markup Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML)