# Index

[Symbols](#indexdiv-Symbols) | [A](#indexdiv-A) | [B](#indexdiv-B) | [C](#indexdiv-C) | [D](#indexdiv-D) | [E](#indexdiv-E) | [F](#indexdiv-F) | [G](#indexdiv-G) | [H](#indexdiv-H) | [I](#indexdiv-I) | [J](#indexdiv-J) | [K](#indexdiv-K) | [L](#indexdiv-L) | [M](#indexdiv-M) | [N](#indexdiv-N) | [O](#indexdiv-O) | [P](#indexdiv-P) | [Q](#indexdiv-Q) | [R](#indexdiv-R) | [S](#indexdiv-S) | [T](#indexdiv-T) | [U](#indexdiv-U) | [V](#indexdiv-V) | [W](#indexdiv-W) | [X](#indexdiv-X) | [Y](#indexdiv-Y) | [Z](#indexdiv-Z)

### Symbols

$, [Positional Parameters](sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-PARAMETERS-POSITIONAL)$libdir, [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)$libdir/plugins, [Shared Library Preloading](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-PRELOAD), [Description](sql-load.html#SQL-LOAD-DESCRIPTION)\*, [Select-List Items](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-SELECT-LIST-ITEMS).pgpass, [The Password File](libpq-pgpass.html).pg\_service.conf, [The Connection Service File](libpq-pgservice.html)::, [Type Casts](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-TYPE-CASTS)\_PG\_fini, [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)\_PG\_init, [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)\_PG\_output\_plugin\_init, [Initialization Function](logicaldecoding-output-plugin.html#LOGICALDECODING-OUTPUT-INIT)

### A

abbrev, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)ABORT, [ABORT](sql-abort.html)abs, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)ACL, [Privileges](ddl-priv.html)aclcontains, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)acldefault, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)aclexplode, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)aclitem, [Privileges](ddl-priv.html)aclitemeq, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)acos, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)acosd, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)acosh, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)administration toolsexternally maintained, [Administration Tools](external-admin-tools.html)adminpack, [adminpack](adminpack.html)advisory lock, [Advisory Locks](explicit-locking.html#ADVISORY-LOCKS)age, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)aggregate function, [Aggregate Functions](tutorial-agg.html), [Aggregate Expressions](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES), [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html), [User-Defined Aggregates](xaggr.html)built-in, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)invocation, [Aggregate Expressions](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES)moving aggregate, [Moving-Aggregate Mode](xaggr.html#XAGGR-MOVING-AGGREGATES)ordered set, [Ordered-Set Aggregates](xaggr.html#XAGGR-ORDERED-SET-AGGREGATES)partial aggregation, [Partial Aggregation](xaggr.html#XAGGR-PARTIAL-AGGREGATES)polymorphic, [Polymorphic and Variadic Aggregates](xaggr.html#XAGGR-POLYMORPHIC-AGGREGATES)support functions for, [Support Functions for Aggregates](xaggr.html#XAGGR-SUPPORT-FUNCTIONS)user-defined, [User-Defined Aggregates](xaggr.html)variadic, [Polymorphic and Variadic Aggregates](xaggr.html#XAGGR-POLYMORPHIC-AGGREGATES)AIX, [AIX](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-AIX)installation on, [AIX](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-AIX)IPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)akeys, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)alias, [Table and Column Aliases](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLE-ALIASES), [Column Labels](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-COLUMN-LABELS)for table name in query, [Joins Between Tables](tutorial-join.html)in the FROM clause, [Table and Column Aliases](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLE-ALIASES)in the select list, [Column Labels](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-COLUMN-LABELS)ALL, [GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS), [DISTINCT](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT), [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html), [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)GROUP BY ALL, [GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS)SELECT ALL, [DISTINCT](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT)allow\_system\_table\_mods configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)ALTER AGGREGATE, [ALTER AGGREGATE](sql-alteraggregate.html)ALTER COLLATION, [ALTER COLLATION](sql-altercollation.html)ALTER CONVERSION, [ALTER CONVERSION](sql-alterconversion.html)ALTER DATABASE, [ALTER DATABASE](sql-alterdatabase.html)ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES, [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html)ALTER DOMAIN, [ALTER DOMAIN](sql-alterdomain.html)ALTER EVENT TRIGGER, [ALTER EVENT TRIGGER](sql-altereventtrigger.html)ALTER EXTENSION, [ALTER EXTENSION](sql-alterextension.html)ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, [ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](sql-alterforeigndatawrapper.html)ALTER FOREIGN TABLE, [ALTER FOREIGN TABLE](sql-alterforeigntable.html)ALTER FUNCTION, [ALTER FUNCTION](sql-alterfunction.html)ALTER GROUP, [ALTER GROUP](sql-altergroup.html)ALTER INDEX, [ALTER INDEX](sql-alterindex.html)ALTER LANGUAGE, [ALTER LANGUAGE](sql-alterlanguage.html)ALTER LARGE OBJECT, [ALTER LARGE OBJECT](sql-alterlargeobject.html)ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](sql-altermaterializedview.html)ALTER OPERATOR, [ALTER OPERATOR](sql-alteroperator.html)ALTER OPERATOR CLASS, [ALTER OPERATOR CLASS](sql-alteropclass.html)ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY, [ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY](sql-alteropfamily.html)ALTER POLICY, [ALTER POLICY](sql-alterpolicy.html)ALTER PROCEDURE, [ALTER PROCEDURE](sql-alterprocedure.html)ALTER PUBLICATION, [ALTER PUBLICATION](sql-alterpublication.html)ALTER ROLE, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.html), [ALTER ROLE](sql-alterrole.html)ALTER ROUTINE, [ALTER ROUTINE](sql-alterroutine.html)ALTER RULE, [ALTER RULE](sql-alterrule.html)ALTER SCHEMA, [ALTER SCHEMA](sql-alterschema.html)ALTER SEQUENCE, [ALTER SEQUENCE](sql-altersequence.html)ALTER SERVER, [ALTER SERVER](sql-alterserver.html)ALTER STATISTICS, [ALTER STATISTICS](sql-alterstatistics.html)ALTER SUBSCRIPTION, [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](sql-altersubscription.html)ALTER SYSTEM, [ALTER SYSTEM](sql-altersystem.html)ALTER TABLE, [ALTER TABLE](sql-altertable.html)ALTER TABLESPACE, [ALTER TABLESPACE](sql-altertablespace.html)ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, [ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](sql-altertsconfig.html)ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, [ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](sql-altertsdictionary.html)ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER, [ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER](sql-altertsparser.html)ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, [ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](sql-altertstemplate.html)ALTER TRIGGER, [ALTER TRIGGER](sql-altertrigger.html)ALTER TYPE, [ALTER TYPE](sql-altertype.html)ALTER USER, [ALTER USER](sql-alteruser.html)ALTER USER MAPPING, [ALTER USER MAPPING](sql-alterusermapping.html)ALTER VIEW, [ALTER VIEW](sql-alterview.html)amcheck, [amcheck](amcheck.html)ANALYZE, [Updating Planner Statistics](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-STATISTICS), [ANALYZE](sql-analyze.html)AND (operator), [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html)anonymous code blocks, [DO](sql-do.html)any, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)ANY, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html), [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html), [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)anyarray, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anycompatible, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anycompatiblearray, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anycompatiblemultirange, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anycompatiblenonarray, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anycompatiblerange, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anyelement, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anyenum, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anymultirange, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anynonarray, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)anyrange, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)applicable role, [applicable\_roles](infoschema-applicable-roles.html)application\_name configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)arbitrary precision numbers, [Arbitrary Precision Numbers](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL)archive\_cleanup\_command configuration parameter, [Archive Recovery](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY)archive\_command configuration parameter, [Archiving](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVING)archive\_mode configuration parameter, [Archiving](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVING)archive\_timeout configuration parameter, [Archiving](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVING)area, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)armor, [armor(), dearmor()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.16)array, [Arrays](arrays.html)accessing, [Accessing Arrays](arrays.html#ARRAYS-ACCESSING)constant, [Array Value Input](arrays.html#ARRAYS-INPUT)constructor, [Array Constructors](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ARRAY-CONSTRUCTORS)declaration, [Declaration of Array Types](arrays.html#ARRAYS-DECLARATION)I/O, [Array Input and Output Syntax](arrays.html#ARRAYS-IO)modifying, [Modifying Arrays](arrays.html#ARRAYS-MODIFYING)of user-defined type, [User-Defined Types](xtypes.html)searching, [Searching in Arrays](arrays.html#ARRAYS-SEARCHING)ARRAY, [Array Constructors](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ARRAY-CONSTRUCTORS), [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)determination of result type, [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)array\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html), [Functions](intagg.html#id-1.11.7.26.4)array\_append, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_cat, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_dims, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_fill, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_length, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_lower, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_ndims, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_nulls configuration parameter, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)array\_position, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_positions, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_prepend, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_remove, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_replace, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_to\_json, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)array\_to\_string, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)array\_to\_tsvector, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)array\_upper, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)ascii, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)asin, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)asind, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)asinh, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)ASSERTin PL/pgSQL, [Checking Assertions](plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-ASSERT)assertionsin PL/pgSQL, [Checking Assertions](plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-ASSERT)asynchronous commit, [Asynchronous Commit](wal-async-commit.html)AT TIME ZONE, [AT TIME ZONE](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-ZONECONVERT)atan, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)atan2, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)atan2d, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)atand, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)atanh, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)authentication\_timeout configuration parameter, [Authentication](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-AUTHENTICATION)auth\_delay, [auth\_delay](auth-delay.html)auth\_delay.milliseconds configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auth-delay.html#id-1.11.7.12.5)auto-increment (see [serial](#ientry-idm6364))autocommitbulk-loading data, [Disable Autocommit](populate.html#DISABLE-AUTOCOMMIT)psql, [Variables](app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-VARIABLES)autosummarize storage parameter, [Index Storage Parameters](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuumconfiguration parameters, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)general information, [The Autovacuum Daemon](routine-vacuuming.html#AUTOVACUUM)autovacuum configuration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)autovacuum\_analyze\_scale\_factorconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_analyze\_thresholdconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_enabled storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_freeze\_max\_ageconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_freeze\_min\_age storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_freeze\_table\_age storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_max\_workers configuration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)autovacuum\_multixact\_freeze\_max\_ageconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_multixact\_freeze\_min\_age storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_multixact\_freeze\_table\_age storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_naptime configuration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)autovacuum\_vacuum\_cost\_delayconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_vacuum\_cost\_limitconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_vacuum\_insert\_scale\_factorconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_vacuum\_insert\_thresholdconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_vacuum\_scale\_factorconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_vacuum\_thresholdconfiguration parameter, [Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-autovacuum.html)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)autovacuum\_work\_mem configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)auto\_explain, [auto\_explain](auto-explain.html)auto\_explain.log\_analyze configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_buffers configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_format configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_level configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_min\_duration configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_nested\_statements configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_settings configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_timing configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_triggers configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_verbose configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.log\_wal configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)auto\_explain.sample\_rate configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5)avals, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)average, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)avg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)

### B

B-Tree (see [index](#ientry-idm30521))backend\_flush\_after configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)Background workers, [Background Worker Processes](bgworker.html)backslash escapes, [String Constants with C-Style Escapes](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-ESCAPE)backslash\_quote configuration parameter, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)backtrace\_functions configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)backup, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP), [Backup and Restore](backup.html)Backup Manifest, [Backup Manifest Format](backup-manifest-format.html)base type, [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html)base64 format, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)BASE\_BACKUP, [Streaming Replication Protocol](protocol-replication.html)batch mode, [Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html)in libpq, [Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html)BEGIN, [BEGIN](sql-begin.html)BETWEEN, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)BETWEEN SYMMETRIC, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)BGWORKER\_BACKEND\_​DATABASE\_CONNECTION, [Background Worker Processes](bgworker.html)BGWORKER\_SHMEM\_ACCESS, [Background Worker Processes](bgworker.html)bgwriter\_delay configuration parameter, [Background Writer](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER)bgwriter\_flush\_after configuration parameter, [Background Writer](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER)bgwriter\_lru\_maxpages configuration parameter, [Background Writer](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER)bgwriter\_lru\_multiplier configuration parameter, [Background Writer](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER)bigint, [Numeric Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-NUMERIC), [Integer Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-INT)bigserial, [Serial Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)binary data, [Binary Data Types](datatype-binary.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)functions, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)binary stringconcatenation, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)converting to character string, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)length, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)bison, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)bit string, [Bit-String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-BIT-STRINGS), [Bit String Types](datatype-bit.html)constant, [Bit-String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-BIT-STRINGS)data type, [Bit String Types](datatype-bit.html)length, [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)bit strings, [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)functions, [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)bitmap scan, [Combining Multiple Indexes](indexes-bitmap-scans.html), [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)bit\_and, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)bit\_count, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)bit\_length, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)bit\_or, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)bit\_xor, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)BLOB (see [large object](#ientry-idm60667))block\_size configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)bloom, [bloom](bloom.html)bonjour configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)bonjour\_name configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)Boolean, [Boolean Type](datatype-boolean.html)data type, [Boolean Type](datatype-boolean.html)operators (see operators, logical)bool\_and, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)bool\_or, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)bootingstarting the server during, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html)bound\_box, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)box, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)box (data type), [Boxes](datatype-geometric.html#id-1.5.7.16.8)BRIN (see [index](#ientry-idm30521))brin\_desummarize\_range, [Index Maintenance Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX)brin\_metapage\_info, [BRIN Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.7)brin\_page\_items, [BRIN Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.7)brin\_page\_type, [BRIN Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.7)brin\_revmap\_data, [BRIN Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.7)brin\_summarize\_new\_values, [Index Maintenance Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX)brin\_summarize\_range, [Index Maintenance Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX)broadcast, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)BSD Authentication, [BSD Authentication](auth-bsd.html)btree\_gin, [btree\_gin](btree-gin.html)btree\_gist, [btree\_gist](btree-gist.html)btrim, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)bt\_index\_check, [Functions](amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.8)bt\_index\_parent\_check, [Functions](amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.8)bt\_metap, [B-Tree Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.6)bt\_page\_items, [B-Tree Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.6)bt\_page\_stats, [B-Tree Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.6)buffering storage parameter, [Index Storage Parameters](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)bytea, [Binary Data Types](datatype-binary.html)bytea\_output configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)

### C

C, [libpq — C Library](libpq.html), [ECPG — Embedded SQL in C](ecpg.html)C++, [Using C++ for Extensibility](xfunc-c.html#EXTEND-CPP)CALL, [CALL](sql-call.html)canceling, [Canceling Queries in Progress](libpq-cancel.html)SQL command, [Canceling Queries in Progress](libpq-cancel.html)cardinality, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)CASCADE, [Dependency Tracking](ddl-depend.html)with DROP, [Dependency Tracking](ddl-depend.html)foreign key action, [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)Cascading Replication, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)CASE, [Conditional Expressions](functions-conditional.html), [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)determination of result type, [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)case sensitivityof SQL commands, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)cast, [CREATE CAST](sql-createcast.html)I/O conversion, [CREATE CAST](sql-createcast.html)cbrt, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)ceil, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)ceiling, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)center, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)Certificate, [Certificate Authentication](auth-cert.html)chained transactions, [Transaction Management](plpgsql-transactions.html#PLPGSQL-TRANSACTION-CHAIN), [Parameters](sql-commit.html#SQL-COMMIT-CHAIN), [Parameters](sql-rollback.html#SQL-ROLLBACK-CHAIN)in PL/pgSQL, [Transaction Management](plpgsql-transactions.html#PLPGSQL-TRANSACTION-CHAIN)char, [Character Types](datatype-character.html)character, [Character Types](datatype-character.html)character set, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT), [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html), [Character Set Support](multibyte.html)character string, [String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS), [Character Types](datatype-character.html)concatenation, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)constant, [String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS)converting to binary string, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)data types, [Character Types](datatype-character.html)length, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)character varying, [Character Types](datatype-character.html)character\_length, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)char\_length, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)check constraint, [Check Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)CHECK OPTION, [CREATE VIEW](sql-createview.html)checkpoint, [WAL Configuration](wal-configuration.html)CHECKPOINT, [CHECKPOINT](sql-checkpoint.html)checkpoint\_completion\_target configuration parameter, [Checkpoints](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS)checkpoint\_flush\_after configuration parameter, [Checkpoints](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS)checkpoint\_timeout configuration parameter, [Checkpoints](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS)checkpoint\_warning configuration parameter, [Checkpoints](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS)checksums, [Data Checksums](checksums.html)check\_function\_bodies configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)chr, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)cid, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)cidr, [cidr](datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-CIDR)circle, [Circles](datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-CIRCLE), [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)citext, [citext](citext.html)client authentication, [Client Authentication](client-authentication.html)timeout during, [Authentication](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-AUTHENTICATION)client\_connection\_check\_interval configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)client\_encoding configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)client\_min\_messages configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)clock\_timestamp, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)CLOSE, [CLOSE](sql-close.html)clusterof databases (see [database cluster](#ientry-idm620))CLUSTER, [CLUSTER](sql-cluster.html)clusterdb, [clusterdb](app-clusterdb.html)clustering, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)cluster\_name configuration parameter, [Process Title](runtime-config-logging.html#id-1.6.7.11.7)cmax, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.html)cmin, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.html)COALESCE, [COALESCE](functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-COALESCE-NVL-IFNULL)COLLATE, [Collation Expressions](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-COLLATE-EXPRS)collation, [Collation Support](collation.html)in PL/pgSQL, [Collation of PL/pgSQL Variables](plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-COLLATION)in SQL functions, [SQL Functions with Collations](xfunc-sql.html#id-1.8.3.8.21)COLLATION FOR, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)color, [Color Support](color.html)column, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html), [Table Basics](ddl-basics.html)adding, [Adding a Column](ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-ADDING-A-COLUMN)removing, [Removing a Column](ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-REMOVING-A-COLUMN)renaming, [Renaming a Column](ddl-alter.html#id-1.5.4.8.11)system column, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.html)column data typechanging, [Changing a Column's Data Type](ddl-alter.html#id-1.5.4.8.10)column reference, [Column References](sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-COLUMN-REFS)col\_description, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)comment, [Comments](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-COMMENTS)about database objects, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)in SQL, [Comments](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-COMMENTS)COMMENT, [COMMENT](sql-comment.html)COMMIT, [COMMIT](sql-commit.html)COMMIT PREPARED, [COMMIT PREPARED](sql-commit-prepared.html)commit\_delay configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)commit\_siblings configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)common table expression (see [WITH](#ientry-idm5485))comparison, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html), [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html)composite type, [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)operators, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)row constructor, [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)subquery result row, [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html)compiling, [Building libpq Programs](libpq-build.html)libpq applications, [Building libpq Programs](libpq-build.html)composite type, [Composite Types](rowtypes.html), [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html)comparison, [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)constant, [Constructing Composite Values](rowtypes.html#id-1.5.7.24.6)constructor, [Row Constructors](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ROW-CONSTRUCTORS)computed field, [Using Composite Types in Queries](rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-USAGE)compute\_query\_id configuration parameter, [Statistics Monitoring](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR)concat, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)concat\_ws, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)concurrency, [Concurrency Control](mvcc.html)conditional expression, [Conditional Expressions](functions-conditional.html)configurationof recoveryof a standby server, [Archive Recovery](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY)of the server, [Server Configuration](runtime-config.html)of the serverfunctions, [Configuration Settings Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET)configure, [Installation Procedure](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE)configure environment variables, [configure Environment Variables](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-ENVVARS)configure options, [configure Options](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS)config\_file configuration parameter, [File Locations](runtime-config-file-locations.html)conjunction, [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html)connectby, [Functions Provided](tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.49.5), [connectby](tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.49.5.8)connection service file, [The Connection Service File](libpq-pgservice.html)conninfo, [Connection Strings](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING)constant, [Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS)constraint, [Constraints](ddl-constraints.html)adding, [Adding a Constraint](ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-ADDING-A-CONSTRAINT)check, [Check Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)exclusion, [Exclusion Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-EXCLUSION)foreign key, [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)name, [Check Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)NOT NULL, [Not-Null Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#id-1.5.4.6.6)primary key, [Primary Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-PRIMARY-KEYS)removing, [Removing a Constraint](ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-REMOVING-A-CONSTRAINT)unique, [Unique Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS)constraint exclusion, [Partitioning and Constraint Exclusion](ddl-partitioning.html#DDL-PARTITIONING-CONSTRAINT-EXCLUSION), [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)constraint\_exclusion configuration parameter, [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)container type, [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html)CONTINUEin PL/pgSQL, [CONTINUE](plpgsql-control-structures.html#id-1.8.8.8.7.6)continuous archiving, [Backup and Restore](backup.html)in standby, [Continuous Archiving in Standby](warm-standby.html#CONTINUOUS-ARCHIVING-IN-STANDBY)control file, [Extension Files](extend-extensions.html#id-1.8.3.20.11)convert, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)convert\_from, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)convert\_to, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)COPY, [Populating a Table With Rows](tutorial-populate.html), [Functions Associated with the COPY Command](libpq-copy.html), [COPY](sql-copy.html)with libpq, [Functions Associated with the COPY Command](libpq-copy.html)corr, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)correlation, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)in the query planner, [Extended Statistics](planner-stats.html#PLANNER-STATS-EXTENDED)cos, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)cosd, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)cosh, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)cot, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)cotd, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)count, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)covariancepopulation, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)sample, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)covar\_pop, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)covar\_samp, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)covering index, [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.html)cpu\_index\_tuple\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)cpu\_operator\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)cpu\_tuple\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)CREATE ACCESS METHOD, [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](sql-create-access-method.html)CREATE AGGREGATE, [CREATE AGGREGATE](sql-createaggregate.html)CREATE CAST, [CREATE CAST](sql-createcast.html)CREATE COLLATION, [CREATE COLLATION](sql-createcollation.html)CREATE CONVERSION, [CREATE CONVERSION](sql-createconversion.html)CREATE DATABASE, [Creating a Database](manage-ag-createdb.html), [CREATE DATABASE](sql-createdatabase.html)CREATE DOMAIN, [CREATE DOMAIN](sql-createdomain.html)CREATE EVENT TRIGGER, [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](sql-createeventtrigger.html)CREATE EXTENSION, [CREATE EXTENSION](sql-createextension.html)CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](sql-createforeigndatawrapper.html)CREATE FOREIGN TABLE, [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](sql-createforeigntable.html)CREATE FUNCTION, [CREATE FUNCTION](sql-createfunction.html)CREATE GROUP, [CREATE GROUP](sql-creategroup.html)CREATE INDEX, [CREATE INDEX](sql-createindex.html)CREATE LANGUAGE, [CREATE LANGUAGE](sql-createlanguage.html)CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](sql-creatematerializedview.html)CREATE OPERATOR, [CREATE OPERATOR](sql-createoperator.html)CREATE OPERATOR CLASS, [CREATE OPERATOR CLASS](sql-createopclass.html)CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY, [CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY](sql-createopfamily.html)CREATE POLICY, [CREATE POLICY](sql-createpolicy.html)CREATE PROCEDURE, [CREATE PROCEDURE](sql-createprocedure.html)CREATE PUBLICATION, [CREATE PUBLICATION](sql-createpublication.html)CREATE ROLE, [Database Roles](database-roles.html), [CREATE ROLE](sql-createrole.html)CREATE RULE, [CREATE RULE](sql-createrule.html)CREATE SCHEMA, [CREATE SCHEMA](sql-createschema.html)CREATE SEQUENCE, [CREATE SEQUENCE](sql-createsequence.html)CREATE SERVER, [CREATE SERVER](sql-createserver.html)CREATE STATISTICS, [CREATE STATISTICS](sql-createstatistics.html)CREATE SUBSCRIPTION, [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](sql-createsubscription.html)CREATE TABLE, [Creating a New Table](tutorial-table.html), [CREATE TABLE](sql-createtable.html)CREATE TABLE AS, [CREATE TABLE AS](sql-createtableas.html)CREATE TABLESPACE, [Tablespaces](manage-ag-tablespaces.html), [CREATE TABLESPACE](sql-createtablespace.html)CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, [CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](sql-createtsconfig.html)CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, [CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](sql-createtsdictionary.html)CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER, [CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER](sql-createtsparser.html)CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, [CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](sql-createtstemplate.html)CREATE TRANSFORM, [CREATE TRANSFORM](sql-createtransform.html)CREATE TRIGGER, [CREATE TRIGGER](sql-createtrigger.html)CREATE TYPE, [CREATE TYPE](sql-createtype.html)CREATE USER, [CREATE USER](sql-createuser.html)CREATE USER MAPPING, [CREATE USER MAPPING](sql-createusermapping.html)CREATE VIEW, [CREATE VIEW](sql-createview.html)createdb, [Creating a Database](tutorial-createdb.html), [Creating a Database](manage-ag-createdb.html), [createdb](app-createdb.html)createuser, [Database Roles](database-roles.html), [createuser](app-createuser.html)CREATE\_REPLICATION\_SLOT, [Streaming Replication Protocol](protocol-replication.html)cross compilation, [Build Process Details](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-BUILD-PROCESS)cross join, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)crosstab, [crosstab(text)](tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.49.5.5), [crosstabN(text)](tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.49.5.6), [crosstab(text, text)](tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.49.5.7)crypt, [crypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.7.7)cstring, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)CSV (Comma-Separated Values) formatin psql, [Meta-Commands](app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS)ctid, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.html)CTID, [View Rules in Non-SELECT Statements](rules-views.html#id-1.8.6.7.6)CUBE, [GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS)cube (extension), [cube](cube.html)cume\_dist, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)hypothetical, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)current\_catalog, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)current\_database, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)current\_date, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)current\_logfilesand the log\_destination configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)and the pg\_current\_logfile function, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)current\_query, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)current\_role, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)current\_schema, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)current\_schemas, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)current\_setting, [Configuration Settings Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET)current\_time, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)current\_timestamp, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)current\_user, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)currval, [Sequence Manipulation Functions](functions-sequence.html)cursor, [Cursors](plpgsql-cursors.html), [CLOSE](sql-close.html), [DECLARE](sql-declare.html), [EXPLAIN](sql-explain.html), [FETCH](sql-fetch.html), [MOVE](sql-move.html)CLOSE, [CLOSE](sql-close.html)DECLARE, [DECLARE](sql-declare.html)FETCH, [FETCH](sql-fetch.html)in PL/pgSQL, [Cursors](plpgsql-cursors.html)MOVE, [MOVE](sql-move.html)showing the query plan, [EXPLAIN](sql-explain.html)cursor\_tuple\_fraction configuration parameter, [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)custom scan provider, [Writing a Custom Scan Provider](custom-scan.html)handler for, [Writing a Custom Scan Provider](custom-scan.html)Cygwin, [Cygwin](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-CYGWIN)installation on, [Cygwin](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-CYGWIN)

### D

data area (see [database cluster](#ientry-idm620))data partitioning, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)data type, [Data Types](datatype.html), [Numeric Types](datatype-numeric.html), [Enumerated Types](datatype-enum.html), [Domain Types](domains.html), [Type Conversion](typeconv.html), [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html), [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html), [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html), [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC), [Base Types in C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-BASETYPE), [User-Defined Types](xtypes.html)base, [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html)category, [Overview](typeconv-overview.html)composite, [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html)constant, [Constants of Other Types](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-GENERIC)container, [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.html)conversion, [Type Conversion](typeconv.html)domain, [Domain Types](domains.html)enumerated (enum), [Enumerated Types](datatype-enum.html)internal organization, [Base Types in C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-BASETYPE)numeric, [Numeric Types](datatype-numeric.html)polymorphic, [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC)type cast, [Type Casts](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-TYPE-CASTS)user-defined, [User-Defined Types](xtypes.html)database, [Creating a Database](tutorial-createdb.html), [Managing Databases](managing-databases.html)creating, [Creating a Database](tutorial-createdb.html)privilege to create, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.html)database activity, [Monitoring Database Activity](monitoring.html)monitoring, [Monitoring Database Activity](monitoring.html)database cluster, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html), [Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.html)data\_checksums configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)data\_directory configuration parameter, [File Locations](runtime-config-file-locations.html)data\_directory\_mode configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)data\_sync\_retry configuration parameter, [Error Handling](runtime-config-error-handling.html)date, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Dates](datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.18.5)constants, [Special Values](datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-DATETIME-SPECIAL-VALUES)current, [Current Date/Time](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-CURRENT)output format, [Date/Time Output](datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-DATETIME-OUTPUT)(see also [formatting](#ientry-idm15463))DateStyle configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)date\_bin, [date\_bin](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-BIN)date\_part, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html), [EXTRACT, date\_part](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-EXTRACT)date\_trunc, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html), [date\_trunc](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-TRUNC)dblink, [dblink](dblink.html), [dblink](contrib-dblink-function.html)dblink\_build\_sql\_delete, [dblink\_build\_sql\_delete](contrib-dblink-build-sql-delete.html)dblink\_build\_sql\_insert, [dblink\_build\_sql\_insert](contrib-dblink-build-sql-insert.html)dblink\_build\_sql\_update, [dblink\_build\_sql\_update](contrib-dblink-build-sql-update.html)dblink\_cancel\_query, [dblink\_cancel\_query](contrib-dblink-cancel-query.html)dblink\_close, [dblink\_close](contrib-dblink-close.html)dblink\_connect, [dblink\_connect](contrib-dblink-connect.html)dblink\_connect\_u, [dblink\_connect\_u](contrib-dblink-connect-u.html)dblink\_disconnect, [dblink\_disconnect](contrib-dblink-disconnect.html)dblink\_error\_message, [dblink\_error\_message](contrib-dblink-error-message.html)dblink\_exec, [dblink\_exec](contrib-dblink-exec.html)dblink\_fetch, [dblink\_fetch](contrib-dblink-fetch.html)dblink\_get\_connections, [dblink\_get\_connections](contrib-dblink-get-connections.html)dblink\_get\_notify, [dblink\_get\_notify](contrib-dblink-get-notify.html)dblink\_get\_pkey, [dblink\_get\_pkey](contrib-dblink-get-pkey.html)dblink\_get\_result, [dblink\_get\_result](contrib-dblink-get-result.html)dblink\_is\_busy, [dblink\_is\_busy](contrib-dblink-is-busy.html)dblink\_open, [dblink\_open](contrib-dblink-open.html)dblink\_send\_query, [dblink\_send\_query](contrib-dblink-send-query.html)db\_user\_namespace configuration parameter, [Authentication](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-AUTHENTICATION)deadlock, [Deadlocks](explicit-locking.html#LOCKING-DEADLOCKS)timeout during, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.html)deadlock\_timeout configuration parameter, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.html)DEALLOCATE, [DEALLOCATE](sql-deallocate.html)dearmor, [armor(), dearmor()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.16)debug\_assertions configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)debug\_deadlocks configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)debug\_discard\_caches configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)debug\_pretty\_print configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)debug\_print\_parse configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)debug\_print\_plan configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)debug\_print\_rewritten configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)decimal (see [numeric](#ientry-idm1475))DECLARE, [DECLARE](sql-declare.html)decode, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)decode\_byteain PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)decrypt, [Raw Encryption Functions](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.9)decrypt\_iv, [Raw Encryption Functions](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.9)deduplicate\_items storage parameter, [Index Storage Parameters](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)default value, [Default Values](ddl-default.html)changing, [Changing a Column's Default Value](ddl-alter.html#id-1.5.4.8.9)default-roles, [Default Roles Renamed to Predefined Roles](default-roles.html)default\_statistics\_target configuration parameter, [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)default\_tablespace configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)default\_table\_access\_method configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)default\_text\_search\_config configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)default\_toast\_compression configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)default\_transaction\_deferrable configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)default\_transaction\_isolation configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)default\_transaction\_read\_only configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)deferrable transaction, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)setting, [SET TRANSACTION](sql-set-transaction.html)setting default, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)defined, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)degrees, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)delay, [Delaying Execution](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-DELAY)DELETE, [Deletions](tutorial-delete.html), [Deleting Data](dml-delete.html), [Returning Data from Modified Rows](dml-returning.html), [DELETE](sql-delete.html)RETURNING, [Returning Data from Modified Rows](dml-returning.html)delete, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)deleting, [Deleting Data](dml-delete.html)dense\_rank, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)hypothetical, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)diagonal, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)diameter, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)dict\_int, [dict\_int](dict-int.html)dict\_xsyn, [dict\_xsyn](dict-xsyn.html)difference, [Soundex](fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.24.6)digest, [digest()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.6.2)dirty read, [Transaction Isolation](transaction-iso.html)DISCARD, [DISCARD](sql-discard.html)disjunction, [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html)disk drive, [WAL Internals](wal-internals.html)disk space, [Recovering Disk Space](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-SPACE-RECOVERY)disk usage, [Determining Disk Usage](disk-usage.html)DISTINCT, [Querying a Table](tutorial-select.html), [GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS), [DISTINCT](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT)GROUP BY DISTINCT, [GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS)SELECT DISTINCT, [DISTINCT](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT)div, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)dmetaphone, [Double Metaphone](fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.24.9)dmetaphone\_alt, [Double Metaphone](fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.24.9)DO, [DO](sql-do.html)document, [What Is a Document?](textsearch-intro.html#TEXTSEARCH-DOCUMENT)text search, [What Is a Document?](textsearch-intro.html#TEXTSEARCH-DOCUMENT)dollar quoting, [Dollar-Quoted String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-DOLLAR-QUOTING)domain, [Domain Types](domains.html)double precision, [Floating-Point Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT)DROP ACCESS METHOD, [DROP ACCESS METHOD](sql-drop-access-method.html)DROP AGGREGATE, [DROP AGGREGATE](sql-dropaggregate.html)DROP CAST, [DROP CAST](sql-dropcast.html)DROP COLLATION, [DROP COLLATION](sql-dropcollation.html)DROP CONVERSION, [DROP CONVERSION](sql-dropconversion.html)DROP DATABASE, [Destroying a Database](manage-ag-dropdb.html), [DROP DATABASE](sql-dropdatabase.html)DROP DOMAIN, [DROP DOMAIN](sql-dropdomain.html)DROP EVENT TRIGGER, [DROP EVENT TRIGGER](sql-dropeventtrigger.html)DROP EXTENSION, [DROP EXTENSION](sql-dropextension.html)DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, [DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](sql-dropforeigndatawrapper.html)DROP FOREIGN TABLE, [DROP FOREIGN TABLE](sql-dropforeigntable.html)DROP FUNCTION, [DROP FUNCTION](sql-dropfunction.html)DROP GROUP, [DROP GROUP](sql-dropgroup.html)DROP INDEX, [DROP INDEX](sql-dropindex.html)DROP LANGUAGE, [DROP LANGUAGE](sql-droplanguage.html)DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW, [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](sql-dropmaterializedview.html)DROP OPERATOR, [DROP OPERATOR](sql-dropoperator.html)DROP OPERATOR CLASS, [DROP OPERATOR CLASS](sql-dropopclass.html)DROP OPERATOR FAMILY, [DROP OPERATOR FAMILY](sql-dropopfamily.html)DROP OWNED, [DROP OWNED](sql-drop-owned.html)DROP POLICY, [DROP POLICY](sql-droppolicy.html)DROP PROCEDURE, [DROP PROCEDURE](sql-dropprocedure.html)DROP PUBLICATION, [DROP PUBLICATION](sql-droppublication.html)DROP ROLE, [Database Roles](database-roles.html), [DROP ROLE](sql-droprole.html)DROP ROUTINE, [DROP ROUTINE](sql-droproutine.html)DROP RULE, [DROP RULE](sql-droprule.html)DROP SCHEMA, [DROP SCHEMA](sql-dropschema.html)DROP SEQUENCE, [DROP SEQUENCE](sql-dropsequence.html)DROP SERVER, [DROP SERVER](sql-dropserver.html)DROP STATISTICS, [DROP STATISTICS](sql-dropstatistics.html)DROP SUBSCRIPTION, [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](sql-dropsubscription.html)DROP TABLE, [Creating a New Table](tutorial-table.html), [DROP TABLE](sql-droptable.html)DROP TABLESPACE, [DROP TABLESPACE](sql-droptablespace.html)DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, [DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](sql-droptsconfig.html)DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, [DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](sql-droptsdictionary.html)DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER, [DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER](sql-droptsparser.html)DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, [DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](sql-droptstemplate.html)DROP TRANSFORM, [DROP TRANSFORM](sql-droptransform.html)DROP TRIGGER, [DROP TRIGGER](sql-droptrigger.html)DROP TYPE, [DROP TYPE](sql-droptype.html)DROP USER, [DROP USER](sql-dropuser.html)DROP USER MAPPING, [DROP USER MAPPING](sql-dropusermapping.html)DROP VIEW, [DROP VIEW](sql-dropview.html)dropdb, [Destroying a Database](manage-ag-dropdb.html), [dropdb](app-dropdb.html)dropuser, [Database Roles](database-roles.html), [dropuser](app-dropuser.html)DROP\_REPLICATION\_SLOT, [Streaming Replication Protocol](protocol-replication.html)DTD, [Creating XML Values](datatype-xml.html#id-1.5.7.21.6)DTrace, [Developer Options](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-DEVEL), [Dynamic Tracing](dynamic-trace.html)duplicate, [Querying a Table](tutorial-select.html)duplicates, [DISTINCT](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT)dynamic loading, [Other Defaults](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-OTHER), [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)dynamic\_library\_path, [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)dynamic\_library\_path configuration parameter, [Other Defaults](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-OTHER)dynamic\_shared\_memory\_type configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)

### E

each, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)earth, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)earthdistance, [earthdistance](earthdistance.html)earth\_box, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)earth\_distance, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)ECPG, [ECPG — Embedded SQL in C](ecpg.html)ecpg, [ecpg](app-ecpg.html)effective\_cache\_size configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)effective\_io\_concurrency configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)elog, [Reporting Errors Within the Server](error-message-reporting.html)in PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)in PL/Python, [Utility Functions](plpython-util.html)in PL/Tcl, [Database Access from PL/Tcl](pltcl-dbaccess.html)embedded SQL, [ECPG — Embedded SQL in C](ecpg.html)in C, [ECPG — Embedded SQL in C](ecpg.html)enabled role, [enabled\_roles](infoschema-enabled-roles.html)enable\_async\_append configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_bitmapscan configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_gathermerge configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_hashagg configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_hashjoin configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_incremental\_sort configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_indexonlyscan configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_indexscan configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_material configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_memoize configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_mergejoin configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_nestloop configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_parallel\_append configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_parallel\_hash configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_partitionwise\_aggregate configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_partitionwise\_join configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_partition\_pruning configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_seqscan configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_sort configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)enable\_tidscan configuration parameter, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)encode, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)encode\_array\_constructorin PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)encode\_array\_literalin PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)encode\_byteain PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)encode\_typed\_literalin PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)encrypt, [Raw Encryption Functions](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.9)encryption, [Encryption Options](encryption-options.html), [pgcrypto](pgcrypto.html)for specific columns, [pgcrypto](pgcrypto.html)encrypt\_iv, [Raw Encryption Functions](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.9)END, [END](sql-end.html)enumerated types, [Enumerated Types](datatype-enum.html)enum\_first, [Enum Support Functions](functions-enum.html)enum\_last, [Enum Support Functions](functions-enum.html)enum\_range, [Enum Support Functions](functions-enum.html)environment variable, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)ephemeral named relationregistering with SPI, [SPI\_register\_relation](spi-spi-register-relation.html), [SPI\_register\_trigger\_data](spi-spi-register-trigger-data.html)unregistering from SPI, [SPI\_unregister\_relation](spi-spi-unregister-relation.html)ereport, [Reporting Errors Within the Server](error-message-reporting.html)error codes, [PostgreSQL Error Codes](errcodes-appendix.html)libpq, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)list of, [PostgreSQL Error Codes](errcodes-appendix.html)error message, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)escape format, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)escape string syntax, [String Constants with C-Style Escapes](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-ESCAPE)escape\_string\_warning configuration parameter, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)escaping strings, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)in libpq, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)event log, [Registering Event Log on Windows](event-log-registration.html)event log, [Registering Event Log on Windows](event-log-registration.html)event trigger, [Event Triggers](event-triggers.html), [Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](event-trigger-interface.html)in C, [Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](event-trigger-interface.html)in PL/Tcl, [Event Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl](pltcl-event-trigger.html)event\_source configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)event\_trigger, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)every, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)EXCEPT, [Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](queries-union.html)exceptionsin PL/pgSQL, [Trapping Errors](plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING)in PL/Tcl, [Error Handling in PL/Tcl](pltcl-error-handling.html)exclusion constraint, [Exclusion Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-EXCLUSION)EXECUTE, [EXECUTE](sql-execute.html)exist, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)EXISTS, [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html)EXITin PL/pgSQL, [EXIT](plpgsql-control-structures.html#id-1.8.8.8.7.5)exit\_on\_error configuration parameter, [Error Handling](runtime-config-error-handling.html)exp, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)EXPLAIN, [Using EXPLAIN](using-explain.html), [EXPLAIN](sql-explain.html)expression, [Value Expressions](sql-expressions.html)order of evaluation, [Expression Evaluation Rules](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-EXPRESS-EVAL)syntax, [Value Expressions](sql-expressions.html)extending SQL, [Extending SQL](extend.html)extension, [Packaging Related Objects into an Extension](extend-extensions.html)externally maintained, [Extensions](external-extensions.html)external\_pid\_file configuration parameter, [File Locations](runtime-config-file-locations.html)extract, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html), [EXTRACT, date\_part](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-EXTRACT)extra\_float\_digits configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)

### F

factorial, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)failover, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)false, [Boolean Type](datatype-boolean.html)family, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)fast path, [The Fast-Path Interface](libpq-fastpath.html)fastupdate storage parameter, [Index Storage Parameters](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)fdw\_handler, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)FETCH, [FETCH](sql-fetch.html)fieldcomputed, [Using Composite Types in Queries](rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-USAGE)field selection, [Field Selection](sql-expressions.html#FIELD-SELECTION)file system mount points, [Use of Secondary File Systems](creating-cluster.html#CREATING-CLUSTER-MOUNT-POINTS)file\_fdw, [file\_fdw](file-fdw.html)fillfactor storage parameter, [Index Storage Parameters](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS), [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)FILTER, [Aggregate Expressions](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES)first\_value, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)flex, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)float4 (see [real](#ientry-idm6275))float8 (see [double precision](#ientry-idm6277))floating point, [Floating-Point Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT)floating-pointdisplay, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)floor, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)force\_parallel\_mode configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)foreign data, [Foreign Data](ddl-foreign-data.html)foreign data wrapper, [Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](fdwhandler.html)handler for, [Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](fdwhandler.html)foreign key, [Foreign Keys](tutorial-fk.html), [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)self-referential, [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)foreign table, [Foreign Data](ddl-foreign-data.html)format, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [format](functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-FORMAT)use in PL/pgSQL, [Executing Dynamic Commands](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN)formatting, [Data Type Formatting Functions](functions-formatting.html)format\_type, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)Free Space Map, [Free Space Map](storage-fsm.html)FreeBSDIPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html)from\_collapse\_limit configuration parameter, [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)FSM (see [Free Space Map](#ientry-idm143790))fsm\_page\_contents, [General Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4)fsync configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)full text search, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html), [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html), [Full Text Search](textsearch.html)data types, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html)functions and operators, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html)full\_page\_writes configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)function, [Table Functions](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS), [Functions and Operators](functions.html), [Statistics Information Functions](functions-statistics.html), [Functions](typeconv-func.html), [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC), [User-Defined Functions](xfunc.html), [Query Language (SQL) Functions](xfunc-sql.html), [Internal Functions](xfunc-internal.html), [C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.html)default values for arguments, [SQL Functions with Default Values for Arguments](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-PARAMETER-DEFAULTS)in the FROM clause, [Table Functions](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS)internal, [Internal Functions](xfunc-internal.html)invocation, [Function Calls](sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-FUNCTION-CALLS)mixed notation, [Using Mixed Notation](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-MIXED)named argument, [Arguments for SQL Functions](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTION-ARGUMENTS)named notation, [Using Named Notation](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-NAMED)output parameter, [SQL Functions with Output Parameters](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-OUTPUT-PARAMETERS)polymorphic, [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC)positional notation, [Using Positional Notation](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-POSITIONAL)RETURNS TABLE, [SQL Functions Returning TABLE](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTIONS-RETURNING-TABLE)statistics, [Statistics Information Functions](functions-statistics.html)type resolution in an invocation, [Functions](typeconv-func.html)user-defined, [User-Defined Functions](xfunc.html), [Query Language (SQL) Functions](xfunc-sql.html), [C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.html)in C, [C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.html)in SQL, [Query Language (SQL) Functions](xfunc-sql.html)variadic, [SQL Functions with Variable Numbers of Arguments](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-VARIADIC-FUNCTIONS)with SETOF, [SQL Functions Returning Sets](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTIONS-RETURNING-SET)functional dependency, [The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP)fuzzystrmatch, [fuzzystrmatch](fuzzystrmatch.html)

### G

gcd, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)gc\_to\_sec, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)generated column, [Generated Columns](ddl-generated-columns.html), [Parameters](sql-createforeigntable.html#id-1.9.3.66.6), [Parameters](sql-createtable.html#id-1.9.3.85.6)in triggers, [Overview of Trigger Behavior](trigger-definition.html)generate\_series, [Set Returning Functions](functions-srf.html)generate\_subscripts, [Set Returning Functions](functions-srf.html)genetic query optimization, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)gen\_random\_bytes, [Random-Data Functions](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.10)gen\_random\_uuid, [UUID Functions](functions-uuid.html), [Random-Data Functions](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.10)gen\_salt, [gen\_salt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.7.8)GEQO (see [genetic query optimization](#ientry-idm40433))geqo configuration parameter, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)geqo\_effort configuration parameter, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)geqo\_generations configuration parameter, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)geqo\_pool\_size configuration parameter, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)geqo\_seed configuration parameter, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)geqo\_selection\_bias configuration parameter, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)geqo\_threshold configuration parameter, [Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO)get\_bit, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)get\_byte, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)get\_current\_ts\_config, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)get\_raw\_page, [General Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4)GIN (see [index](#ientry-idm30521))gin\_clean\_pending\_list, [Index Maintenance Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX)gin\_fuzzy\_search\_limit configuration parameter, [Other Defaults](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-OTHER)gin\_leafpage\_items, [GIN Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8)gin\_metapage\_info, [GIN Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8)gin\_page\_opaque\_info, [GIN Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8)gin\_pending\_list\_limitconfiguration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)storage parameter, [Index Storage Parameters](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)GiST (see [index](#ientry-idm30521))gist\_page\_items, [GiST Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.9)gist\_page\_items\_bytea, [GiST Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.9)gist\_page\_opaque\_info, [GiST Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.9)global data, [Global Data in PL/Tcl](pltcl-global.html)in PL/Python, [Sharing Data](plpython-sharing.html)in PL/Tcl, [Global Data in PL/Tcl](pltcl-global.html)GRANT, [Privileges](ddl-priv.html), [GRANT](sql-grant.html)GREATEST, [GREATEST and LEAST](functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-GREATEST-LEAST), [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)determination of result type, [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)Gregorian calendar, [History of Units](datetime-units-history.html)GROUP BY, [Aggregate Functions](tutorial-agg.html), [The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP)grouping, [The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP)GROUPING, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)GROUPING SETS, [GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS)gssapi, [Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](gssapi-enc.html)GSSAPI, [GSSAPI Authentication](gssapi-auth.html)with libpq, [Parameter Key Words](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)GUID, [UUID Type](datatype-uuid.html)

### H

hash (see [index](#ientry-idm30521))hash\_bitmap\_info, [Hash Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.10)hash\_mem\_multiplier configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)hash\_metapage\_info, [Hash Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.10)hash\_page\_items, [Hash Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.10)hash\_page\_stats, [Hash Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.10)hash\_page\_type, [Hash Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.10)has\_any\_column\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_column\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_database\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_foreign\_data\_wrapper\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_function\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_language\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_schema\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_sequence\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_server\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_tablespace\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_table\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)has\_type\_privilege, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)HAVING, [Aggregate Functions](tutorial-agg.html), [The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP)hba\_file configuration parameter, [File Locations](runtime-config-file-locations.html)heap\_page\_items, [Heap Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.5)heap\_page\_item\_attrs, [Heap Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.5)heap\_tuple\_infomask\_flags, [Heap Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.5)height, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)hex format, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)hierarchical database, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html)high availability, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)history, [A Brief History of PostgreSQL](history.html)of PostgreSQL, [A Brief History of PostgreSQL](history.html)hmac, [hmac()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.6.3)host, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)host name, [Parameter Key Words](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)hostmask, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)Hot Standby, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)hot\_standby configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)hot\_standby\_feedback configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)HP-UXIPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)hstore, [hstore](hstore.html), [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)hstore\_to\_array, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)hstore\_to\_json, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)hstore\_to\_jsonb, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)hstore\_to\_jsonb\_loose, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)hstore\_to\_json\_loose, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)hstore\_to\_matrix, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)huge\_pages configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)huge\_page\_size configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)hypothetical-set aggregatebuilt-in, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)

### I

icount, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)ICU, [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES), [Managing Collations](collation.html#COLLATION-MANAGING), [Parameters](sql-createcollation.html#id-1.9.3.59.6)ident, [Ident Authentication](auth-ident.html)identifier, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)length, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)syntax of, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)IDENTIFY\_SYSTEM, [Streaming Replication Protocol](protocol-replication.html)ident\_file configuration parameter, [File Locations](runtime-config-file-locations.html)idle\_in\_transaction\_session\_timeout configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)idle\_session\_timeout configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)idx, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)IFNULL, [COALESCE](functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-COALESCE-NVL-IFNULL)ignore\_checksum\_failure configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)ignore\_invalid\_pages configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)ignore\_system\_indexes configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)IMMUTABLE, [Function Volatility Categories](xfunc-volatility.html)IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA, [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](sql-importforeignschema.html)IN, [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html), [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)INCLUDEin index definitions, [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.html)includein configuration file, [Managing Configuration File Contents](config-setting.html#CONFIG-INCLUDES)include\_dirin configuration file, [Managing Configuration File Contents](config-setting.html#CONFIG-INCLUDES)include\_if\_existsin configuration file, [Managing Configuration File Contents](config-setting.html#CONFIG-INCLUDES)index, [Indexes](indexes.html), [Multicolumn Indexes](indexes-multicolumn.html), [Indexes and ORDER BY](indexes-ordering.html), [Combining Multiple Indexes](indexes-bitmap-scans.html), [Unique Indexes](indexes-unique.html), [Indexes on Expressions](indexes-expressional.html), [Partial Indexes](indexes-partial.html), [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.html), [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.html), [Examining Index Usage](indexes-examine.html), [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html), [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html), [Locking and Indexes](locking-indexes.html), [Interfacing Extensions to Indexes](xindex.html), [Building Indexes Concurrently](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-CONCURRENTLY), [Rebuilding Indexes Concurrently](sql-reindex.html#SQL-REINDEX-CONCURRENTLY), [Operators and Functions](ltree.html#id-1.11.7.30.6)and ORDER BY, [Indexes and ORDER BY](indexes-ordering.html)B-Tree, [B-Tree](indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPES-BTREE), [B-Tree Indexes](btree.html)BRIN, [BRIN](indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPES-BRIN), [BRIN Indexes](brin.html)building concurrently, [Building Indexes Concurrently](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-CONCURRENTLY)combining multiple indexes, [Combining Multiple Indexes](indexes-bitmap-scans.html)covering, [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.html)examining usage, [Examining Index Usage](indexes-examine.html)on expressions, [Indexes on Expressions](indexes-expressional.html)for user-defined data type, [Interfacing Extensions to Indexes](xindex.html)GIN, [GIN](indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPES-GIN), [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html), [GIN Indexes](gin.html)text search, [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html)GiST, [GiST](indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPE-GIST), [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html), [GiST Indexes](gist.html)text search, [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html)hash, [Hash](indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPES-HASH)Hash, [Hash Indexes](hash-index.html)index-only scans, [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.html)locks, [Locking and Indexes](locking-indexes.html)multicolumn, [Multicolumn Indexes](indexes-multicolumn.html)partial, [Partial Indexes](indexes-partial.html)rebuilding concurrently, [Rebuilding Indexes Concurrently](sql-reindex.html#SQL-REINDEX-CONCURRENTLY)SP-GiST, [SP-GiST](indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPE-SPGIST), [SP-GiST Indexes](spgist.html)unique, [Unique Indexes](indexes-unique.html)Index Access Method, [Index Access Method Interface Definition](indexam.html)index scan, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)index-only scan, [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.html)indexamIndex Access Method, [Index Access Method Interface Definition](indexam.html)index\_am\_handler, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)inet (data type), [inet](datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-INET)inet\_client\_addr, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)inet\_client\_port, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)inet\_merge, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)inet\_same\_family, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)inet\_server\_addr, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)inet\_server\_port, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)infinityfloating point, [Floating-Point Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT)numeric (data type), [Arbitrary Precision Numbers](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL)information schema, [The Information Schema](information-schema.html)inheritance, [Inheritance](tutorial-inheritance.html), [Inheritance](ddl-inherit.html)initcap, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)initdb, [Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.html), [initdb](app-initdb.html)Initialization Fork, [The Initialization Fork](storage-init.html)input function, [User-Defined Types](xtypes.html)INSERT, [Populating a Table With Rows](tutorial-populate.html), [Inserting Data](dml-insert.html), [Returning Data from Modified Rows](dml-returning.html), [INSERT](sql-insert.html)RETURNING, [Returning Data from Modified Rows](dml-returning.html)inserting, [Inserting Data](dml-insert.html)installation, [Installation from Source Code](installation.html)binaries, [Installation from Binaries](install-binaries.html)on Windows, [Installation from Source Code on Windows](install-windows.html)instr function, [Appendix](plpgsql-porting.html#PLPGSQL-PORTING-APPENDIX)int2 (see [smallint](#ientry-idm6144))int4 (see [integer](#ientry-idm1471))int8 (see [bigint](#ientry-idm1473))intagg, [intagg](intagg.html)intarray, [intarray](intarray.html)integer, [Numeric Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-NUMERIC), [Integer Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-INT)integer\_datetimes configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)interfacesexternally maintained, [Client Interfaces](external-interfaces.html)internal, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)INTERSECT, [Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](queries-union.html)interval, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Interval Input](datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-INTERVAL-INPUT)output format, [Interval Output](datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-INTERVAL-OUTPUT)(see also [formatting](#ientry-idm15463))IntervalStyle configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)intset, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)int\_array\_aggregate, [Functions](intagg.html#id-1.11.7.26.4)int\_array\_enum, [Functions](intagg.html#id-1.11.7.26.4)inverse distribution, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)in\_hot\_standby configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)in\_range support functions, [B-Tree Support Functions](btree-support-funcs.html)IS DISTINCT FROM, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html), [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)IS DOCUMENT, [IS DOCUMENT](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.6.3)IS FALSE, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)IS NOT DISTINCT FROM, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html), [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)IS NOT DOCUMENT, [IS NOT DOCUMENT](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.6.4)IS NOT FALSE, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)IS NOT NULL, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)IS NOT TRUE, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)IS NOT UNKNOWN, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)IS NULL, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html), [Platform and Client Compatibility](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-CLIENTS)IS TRUE, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)IS UNKNOWN, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)isclosed, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)isempty, [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)isfinite, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)isn, [isn](isn.html)ISNULL, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)isn\_weak, [Functions and Operators](isn.html#id-1.11.7.28.7)isopen, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)is\_array\_refin PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)is\_valid, [Functions and Operators](isn.html#id-1.11.7.28.7)

### J

JIT, [Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)](jit.html)jit configuration parameter, [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)jit\_above\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)jit\_debugging\_support configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)jit\_dump\_bitcode configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)jit\_expressions configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)jit\_inline\_above\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)jit\_optimize\_above\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)jit\_profiling\_support configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)jit\_provider configuration parameter, [Shared Library Preloading](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-PRELOAD)jit\_tuple\_deforming configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)join, [Joins Between Tables](tutorial-join.html), [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN), [Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses](explicit-joins.html)controlling the order, [Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses](explicit-joins.html)cross, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)left, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)natural, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)outer, [Joins Between Tables](tutorial-join.html), [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)right, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)self, [Joins Between Tables](tutorial-join.html)join\_collapse\_limit configuration parameter, [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)JSON, [JSON Types](datatype-json.html), [JSON Functions and Operators](functions-json.html)functions and operators, [JSON Functions and Operators](functions-json.html)JSONB, [JSON Types](datatype-json.html)jsonbcontainment, [jsonb Containment and Existence](datatype-json.html#JSON-CONTAINMENT)existence, [jsonb Containment and Existence](datatype-json.html#JSON-CONTAINMENT)indexes on, [jsonb Indexing](datatype-json.html#JSON-INDEXING)jsonb\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)jsonb\_array\_elements, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_array\_elements\_text, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_array\_length, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_build\_array, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_build\_object, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_each, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_each\_text, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_extract\_path, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_extract\_path\_text, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_insert, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_object, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_object\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)jsonb\_object\_keys, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_exists, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_exists\_tz, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_match, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_match\_tz, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_query, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_query\_array, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_query\_array\_tz, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_query\_first, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_query\_first\_tz, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_path\_query\_tz, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_populate\_record, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_populate\_recordset, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_pretty, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_set, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_set\_lax, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_strip\_nulls, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_to\_record, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_to\_recordset, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonb\_to\_tsvector, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)jsonb\_typeof, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)jsonpath, [jsonpath Type](datatype-json.html#DATATYPE-JSONPATH)json\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)json\_array\_elements, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_array\_elements\_text, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_array\_length, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_build\_array, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_build\_object, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_each, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_each\_text, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_extract\_path, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_extract\_path\_text, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_object, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_object\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)json\_object\_keys, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_populate\_record, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_populate\_recordset, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_strip\_nulls, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_to\_record, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_to\_recordset, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)json\_to\_tsvector, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)json\_typeof, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)Julian date, [Julian Dates](datetime-julian-dates.html)Just-In-Time compilation (see [JIT](#ientry-idm55395))justify\_days, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)justify\_hours, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)justify\_interval, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)

### K

key word, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS), [SQL Key Words](sql-keywords-appendix.html)list of, [SQL Key Words](sql-keywords-appendix.html)syntax of, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)krb\_caseins\_users configuration parameter, [Authentication](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-AUTHENTICATION)krb\_server\_keyfile configuration parameter, [Authentication](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-AUTHENTICATION)

### L

label (see [alias](#ientry-idm810))lag, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)language\_handler, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)large object, [Large Objects](largeobjects.html)lastval, [Sequence Manipulation Functions](functions-sequence.html)last\_value, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)LATERAL, [LATERAL Subqueries](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-LATERAL)in the FROM clause, [LATERAL Subqueries](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-LATERAL)latitude, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)lca, [Operators and Functions](ltree.html#id-1.11.7.30.6)lcm, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)lc\_collate configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)lc\_ctype configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)lc\_messages configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)lc\_monetary configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)lc\_numeric configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)lc\_time configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)LDAP, [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES), [LDAP Authentication](auth-ldap.html)LDAP connection parameter lookup, [LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](libpq-ldap.html)ldconfig, [Shared Libraries](install-post.html#INSTALL-POST-SHLIBS)lead, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)LEAST, [GREATEST and LEAST](functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-GREATEST-LEAST), [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)determination of result type, [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)left, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)left join, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)length, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html), [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html), [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)of a binary string (see binary strings, length)of a character string (see [character string, length](#ientry-idm1275))length(tsvector), [Manipulating Documents](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSVECTOR)levenshtein, [Levenshtein](fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.24.7)levenshtein\_less\_equal, [Levenshtein](fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.24.7)lex, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)libedit, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)libperl, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)libpq, [libpq — C Library](libpq.html), [Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html), [Retrieving Query Results Row-by-Row](libpq-single-row-mode.html)pipeline mode, [Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html)single-row mode, [Retrieving Query Results Row-by-Row](libpq-single-row-mode.html)libpq-fe.h, [libpq — C Library](libpq.html), [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)libpq-int.h, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)libpython, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)library finalization function, [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)library initialization function, [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)LIKE, [LIKE](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-LIKE)and locales, [Behavior](locale.html#id-1.6.11.3.5)LIKE\_REGEX, [Differences from XQuery (LIKE\_REGEX)](functions-matching.html#POSIX-VS-XQUERY), [SQL/JSON Regular Expressions](functions-json.html#JSONPATH-REGULAR-EXPRESSIONS)in SQL/JSON, [SQL/JSON Regular Expressions](functions-json.html#JSONPATH-REGULAR-EXPRESSIONS)LIMIT, [LIMIT and OFFSET](queries-limit.html)line, [Lines](datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LINE), [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)line segment, [Line Segments](datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LSEG)linear regression, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)LinuxIPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html)LISTEN, [LISTEN](sql-listen.html)listen\_addresses configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)llvm-config, [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES)ll\_to\_earth, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)ln, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)lo, [lo](lo.html)LOAD, [LOAD](sql-load.html)load balancing, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)locale, [Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.html), [Locale Support](locale.html)localtime, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)localtimestamp, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)local\_preload\_libraries configuration parameter, [Shared Library Preloading](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-PRELOAD)lock, [Explicit Locking](explicit-locking.html), [Advisory Locks](explicit-locking.html#ADVISORY-LOCKS), [Viewing Locks](monitoring-locks.html)advisory, [Advisory Locks](explicit-locking.html#ADVISORY-LOCKS)monitoring, [Viewing Locks](monitoring-locks.html)LOCK, [Table-Level Locks](explicit-locking.html#LOCKING-TABLES), [LOCK](sql-lock.html)lock\_timeout configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)log, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)log shipping, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)log10, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)Loggingcurrent\_logfiles file and the pg\_current\_logfile function, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_current\_logfile function, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)logging\_collector configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)Logical Decoding, [Logical Decoding](logicaldecoding.html), [Logical Decoding](logicaldecoding-explanation.html#id-1.8.14.8.2)logical\_decoding\_work\_mem configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)login privilege, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.html)log\_autovacuum\_min\_durationconfiguration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)log\_btree\_build\_stats configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)log\_checkpoints configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_connections configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_destination configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)log\_directory configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)log\_disconnections configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_duration configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_error\_verbosity configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_executor\_stats configuration parameter, [Statistics Monitoring](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR)log\_filename configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)log\_file\_mode configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)log\_hostname configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_line\_prefix configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_lock\_waits configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_min\_duration\_sample configuration parameter, [When to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN)log\_min\_duration\_statement configuration parameter, [When to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN)log\_min\_error\_statement configuration parameter, [When to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN)log\_min\_messages configuration parameter, [When to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN)log\_parameter\_max\_length configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_parameter\_max\_length\_on\_error configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_parser\_stats configuration parameter, [Statistics Monitoring](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR)log\_planner\_stats configuration parameter, [Statistics Monitoring](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR)log\_recovery\_conflict\_waits configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_replication\_commands configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_rotation\_age configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)log\_rotation\_size configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)log\_statement configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_statement\_sample\_rate configuration parameter, [When to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN)log\_statement\_stats configuration parameter, [Statistics Monitoring](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR)log\_temp\_files configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_timezone configuration parameter, [What to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT)log\_transaction\_sample\_rate configuration parameter, [When to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN)log\_truncate\_on\_rotation configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)longitude, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)looks\_like\_numberin PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)loop, [Simple Loops](plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-CONTROL-STRUCTURES-LOOPS)in PL/pgSQL, [Simple Loops](plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-CONTROL-STRUCTURES-LOOPS)lower, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)and locales, [Behavior](locale.html#id-1.6.11.3.5)lower\_inc, [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)lower\_inf, [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)lo\_close, [Closing a Large Object Descriptor](lo-interfaces.html#LO-CLOSE)lo\_compat\_privileges configuration parameter, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)lo\_creat, [Creating a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-CREATE), [Server-Side Functions](lo-funcs.html)lo\_create, [Creating a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-CREATE)lo\_export, [Exporting a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-EXPORT), [Server-Side Functions](lo-funcs.html)lo\_from\_bytea, [Server-Side Functions](lo-funcs.html)lo\_get, [Server-Side Functions](lo-funcs.html)lo\_import, [Importing a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-IMPORT), [Server-Side Functions](lo-funcs.html)lo\_import\_with\_oid, [Importing a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-IMPORT)lo\_lseek, [Seeking in a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-SEEK)lo\_lseek64, [Seeking in a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-SEEK)lo\_open, [Opening an Existing Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-OPEN)lo\_put, [Server-Side Functions](lo-funcs.html)lo\_read, [Reading Data from a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-READ)lo\_tell, [Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-TELL)lo\_tell64, [Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-TELL)lo\_truncate, [Truncating a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-TRUNCATE)lo\_truncate64, [Truncating a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-TRUNCATE)lo\_unlink, [Removing a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-UNLINK), [Server-Side Functions](lo-funcs.html)lo\_write, [Writing Data to a Large Object](lo-interfaces.html#LO-WRITE)lpad, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)lseg, [Line Segments](datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LSEG), [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)LSN, [WAL Internals](wal-internals.html)ltree, [ltree](ltree.html)ltree2text, [Operators and Functions](ltree.html#id-1.11.7.30.6)ltrim, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)

### M

MAC address (see macaddr)MAC address (EUI-64 format) (see macaddr)macaddr (data type), [macaddr](datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-MACADDR)macaddr8 (data type), [macaddr8](datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-MACADDR8)macaddr8\_set7bit, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)macOS, [macOS](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-MACOS)installation on, [macOS](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-MACOS)IPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)magic block, [Dynamic Loading](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD)maintenance, [Routine Database Maintenance Tasks](maintenance.html)maintenance\_io\_concurrency configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)maintenance\_work\_mem configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)make, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)makeaclitem, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)make\_date, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)make\_interval, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)make\_time, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)make\_timestamp, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)make\_timestamptz, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)make\_valid, [Functions and Operators](isn.html#id-1.11.7.28.7)MANPATH, [Environment Variables](install-post.html#id-1.6.4.9.3)masklen, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)materialized view, [Materialized Views](rules-materializedviews.html)implementation through rules, [Materialized Views](rules-materializedviews.html)materialized views, [pg\_matviews](view-pg-matviews.html)max, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)max\_connections configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)max\_files\_per\_process configuration parameter, [Kernel Resource Usage](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-KERNEL)max\_function\_args configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)max\_identifier\_length configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)max\_index\_keys configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)max\_locks\_per\_transaction configuration parameter, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.html)max\_logical\_replication\_workers configuration parameter, [Subscribers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SUBSCRIBER)max\_parallel\_maintenance\_workers configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)max\_parallel\_workers configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)max\_parallel\_workers\_per\_gather configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)max\_pred\_locks\_per\_page configuration parameter, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.html)max\_pred\_locks\_per\_relation configuration parameter, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.html)max\_pred\_locks\_per\_transaction configuration parameter, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.html)max\_prepared\_transactions configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)max\_replication\_slots configuration parameter, [Sending Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SENDER)max\_slot\_wal\_keep\_size configuration parameter, [Sending Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SENDER)max\_stack\_depth configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)max\_standby\_archive\_delay configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)max\_standby\_streaming\_delay configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)max\_sync\_workers\_per\_subscription configuration parameter, [Subscribers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SUBSCRIBER)max\_wal\_senders configuration parameter, [Sending Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SENDER)max\_wal\_size configuration parameter, [Checkpoints](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS)max\_worker\_processes configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)md5, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)MD5, [Password Authentication](auth-password.html)median, [Aggregate Expressions](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES)(see also [percentile](#ientry-idm24845))memory contextin SPI, [Memory Management](spi-memory.html)memory overcommit, [Linux Memory Overcommit](kernel-resources.html#LINUX-MEMORY-OVERCOMMIT)metaphone, [Metaphone](fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.24.8)min, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)MinGW, [MinGW/Native Windows](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-MINGW)installation on, [MinGW/Native Windows](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-MINGW)min\_dynamic\_shared\_memory configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)min\_parallel\_index\_scan\_size configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)min\_parallel\_table\_scan\_size configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)min\_scale, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)min\_wal\_size configuration parameter, [Checkpoints](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS)mod, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)modestatistical, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)monitoring, [Monitoring Database Activity](monitoring.html)database activity, [Monitoring Database Activity](monitoring.html)MOVE, [MOVE](sql-move.html)moving-aggregate mode, [Moving-Aggregate Mode](xaggr.html#XAGGR-MOVING-AGGREGATES)multirange (function), [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)multirange type, [Range Types](rangetypes.html)Multiversion Concurrency Control, [Introduction](mvcc-intro.html)MultiXactId, [Multixacts and Wraparound](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-MULTIXACT-WRAPAROUND)MVCC, [Introduction](mvcc-intro.html)

### N

name, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)qualified, [Creating a Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CREATE)syntax of, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)unqualified, [The Schema Search Path](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH)NaN (see [not a number](#ientry-idm6224))natural join, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)negation, [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html)NetBSDIPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html)netmask, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)network, [Network Address Types](datatype-net-types.html), [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)data types, [Network Address Types](datatype-net-types.html)nextval, [Sequence Manipulation Functions](functions-sequence.html)NFS, [NFS](creating-cluster.html#CREATING-CLUSTER-NFS)nlevel, [Operators and Functions](ltree.html#id-1.11.7.30.6)non-durable, [Non-Durable Settings](non-durability.html)nonblocking connection, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html), [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)nonrepeatable read, [Transaction Isolation](transaction-iso.html)normalize, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)normalized, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)normal\_rand, [normal\_rand](tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.49.5.4)NOT (operator), [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html)not a numberfloating point, [Floating-Point Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT)numeric (data type), [Arbitrary Precision Numbers](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL)NOT IN, [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html), [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)not-null constraint, [Not-Null Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#id-1.5.4.6.6)notation, [Calling Functions](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html)functions, [Calling Functions](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html)notice processing, [Notice Processing](libpq-notice-processing.html)in libpq, [Notice Processing](libpq-notice-processing.html)notice processor, [Notice Processing](libpq-notice-processing.html)notice receiver, [Notice Processing](libpq-notice-processing.html)NOTIFY, [Asynchronous Notification](libpq-notify.html), [NOTIFY](sql-notify.html)in libpq, [Asynchronous Notification](libpq-notify.html)NOTNULL, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)now, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)npoints, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)nth\_value, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)ntile, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)null valuewith check constraints, [Check Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)comparing, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)default value, [Default Values](ddl-default.html)in DISTINCT, [DISTINCT](queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT)in libpq, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)in PL/Perl, [PL/Perl Functions and Arguments](plperl-funcs.html)in PL/Python, [Null, None](plpython-data.html#id-1.8.11.11.4)with unique constraints, [Unique Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS)NULLIF, [NULLIF](functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-NULLIF)numberconstant, [Numeric Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-NUMERIC)numeric, [Numeric Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-NUMERIC)numeric (data type), [Arbitrary Precision Numbers](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL)numnode, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Manipulating Queries](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSQUERY)num\_nonnulls, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)num\_nulls, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.html)NVL, [COALESCE](functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-COALESCE-NVL-IFNULL)

### O

object identifier, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)data type, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)object-oriented database, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html)obj\_description, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)octet\_length, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)OFFSET, [LIMIT and OFFSET](queries-limit.html)oid, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)OIDin libpq, [Retrieving Other Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-NONSELECT)oid2name, [oid2name](oid2name.html)old\_snapshot, [old\_snapshot](oldsnapshot.html)old\_snapshot\_threshold configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)ON CONFLICT, [INSERT](sql-insert.html)ONLY, [The FROM Clause](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-FROM)OOM, [Linux Memory Overcommit](kernel-resources.html#LINUX-MEMORY-OVERCOMMIT)OpenBSDIPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html)OpenSSL, [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES)(see also [SSL](#ientry-idm37276))operator, [Operators](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-OPERATORS), [Operator Precedence](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-PRECEDENCE), [Functions and Operators](functions.html), [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html), [Operators](typeconv-oper.html), [User-Defined Operators](xoper.html)invocation, [Operator Invocations](sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-OPERATOR-CALLS)logical, [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html)precedence, [Operator Precedence](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-PRECEDENCE)syntax, [Operators](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-OPERATORS)type resolution in an invocation, [Operators](typeconv-oper.html)user-defined, [User-Defined Operators](xoper.html)operator class, [Operator Classes and Operator Families](indexes-opclass.html), [Index Methods and Operator Classes](xindex.html#XINDEX-OPCLASS)operator family, [Operator Classes and Operator Families](indexes-opclass.html), [Operator Classes and Operator Families](xindex.html#XINDEX-OPFAMILY)optimization information, [Function Optimization Information](xfunc-optimization.html), [Operator Optimization Information](xoper-optimization.html)for functions, [Function Optimization Information](xfunc-optimization.html)for operators, [Operator Optimization Information](xoper-optimization.html)OR (operator), [Logical Operators](functions-logical.html)Oracle, [Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](plpgsql-porting.html)porting from PL/SQL to PL/pgSQL, [Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](plpgsql-porting.html)ORDER BY, [Querying a Table](tutorial-select.html), [Sorting Rows (ORDER BY)](queries-order.html)and locales, [Behavior](locale.html#id-1.6.11.3.5)ordered-set aggregate, [Aggregate Expressions](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES)built-in, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)ordering operator, [System Dependencies on Operator Classes](xindex.html#XINDEX-OPCLASS-DEPENDENCIES)ordinality, [Set Returning Functions](functions-srf.html)outer join, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)output function, [User-Defined Types](xtypes.html)OVER clause, [Window Function Calls](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-WINDOW-FUNCTIONS)overcommit, [Linux Memory Overcommit](kernel-resources.html#LINUX-MEMORY-OVERCOMMIT)OVERLAPS, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)overlay, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)overloading, [Function Overloading](xfunc-overload.html)functions, [Function Overloading](xfunc-overload.html)operators, [User-Defined Operators](xoper.html)owner, [Privileges](ddl-priv.html)

### P

pageinspect, [pageinspect](pageinspect.html)pages\_per\_range storage parameter, [Index Storage Parameters](sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)page\_checksum, [General Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4)page\_header, [General Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4)palloc, [Writing Code](xfunc-c.html#id-1.8.3.13.8)PAM, [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES), [PAM Authentication](auth-pam.html)parallel query, [Parallel Query](parallel-query.html)parallel\_leader\_participation configuration parameter, [Asynchronous Behavior](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR)parallel\_setup\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)parallel\_tuple\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)parallel\_workers storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)parametersyntax, [Positional Parameters](sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-PARAMETERS-POSITIONAL)parenthesis, [Value Expressions](sql-expressions.html)parse\_ident, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)partition pruning, [Partition Pruning](ddl-partitioning.html#DDL-PARTITION-PRUNING)partitioned table, [Table Partitioning](ddl-partitioning.html)partitioning, [Table Partitioning](ddl-partitioning.html)password, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.html)authentication, [Password Authentication](auth-password.html)of the superuser, [Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.html)password file, [The Password File](libpq-pgpass.html)passwordcheck, [passwordcheck](passwordcheck.html)password\_encryption configuration parameter, [Authentication](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-AUTHENTICATION)path, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)for schemas, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)PATH, [Environment Variables](install-post.html#id-1.6.4.9.3)path (data type), [Paths](datatype-geometric.html#id-1.5.7.16.9)pattern matching, [Pattern Matching](functions-matching.html)patternsin psql and pg\_dump, [Patterns](app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS)pclose, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)peer, [Peer Authentication](auth-peer.html)percentilecontinuous, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)discrete, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)percent\_rank, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)hypothetical, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)performance, [Performance Tips](performance-tips.html)perl, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)Perl, [PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](plperl.html)permission (see [privilege](#ientry-idm2992))pfree, [Writing Code](xfunc-c.html#id-1.8.3.13.8)PGAPPNAME, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)pgbench, [pgbench](pgbench.html)PGcancel, [Canceling Queries in Progress](libpq-cancel.html)PGCHANNELBINDING, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGCLIENTENCODING, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGconn, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PGCONNECT\_TIMEOUT, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)pgcrypto, [pgcrypto](pgcrypto.html)PGDATA, [Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.html)PGDATABASE, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGDATESTYLE, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGEventProc, [Event Callback Procedure](libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-PROC)PGGEQO, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGGSSENCMODE, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGGSSLIB, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGHOST, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGHOSTADDR, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGKRBSRVNAME, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGLOCALEDIR, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGOPTIONS, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGPASSFILE, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGPASSWORD, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGPORT, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)pgp\_armor\_headers, [pgp\_armor\_headers](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.17)pgp\_key\_id, [pgp\_key\_id()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.15)pgp\_pub\_decrypt, [pgp\_pub\_decrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.14)pgp\_pub\_decrypt\_bytea, [pgp\_pub\_decrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.14)pgp\_pub\_encrypt, [pgp\_pub\_encrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.13)pgp\_pub\_encrypt\_bytea, [pgp\_pub\_encrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.13)pgp\_sym\_decrypt, [pgp\_sym\_decrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.12)pgp\_sym\_decrypt\_bytea, [pgp\_sym\_decrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.12)pgp\_sym\_encrypt, [pgp\_sym\_encrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.11)pgp\_sym\_encrypt\_bytea, [pgp\_sym\_encrypt()](pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8.11)PGREQUIREPEER, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGREQUIRESSL, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGresult, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)pgrowlocks, [pgrowlocks](pgrowlocks.html), [Overview](pgrowlocks.html#id-1.11.7.38.5)PGSERVICE, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSERVICEFILE, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLCERT, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLCOMPRESSION, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLCRL, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLCRLDIR, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLKEY, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLMAXPROTOCOLVERSION, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLMINPROTOCOLVERSION, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLMODE, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLROOTCERT, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGSSLSNI, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)pgstatginindex, [Functions](pgstattuple.html#id-1.11.7.40.5)pgstathashindex, [Functions](pgstattuple.html#id-1.11.7.40.5)pgstatindex, [Functions](pgstattuple.html#id-1.11.7.40.5)pgstattuple, [pgstattuple](pgstattuple.html), [Functions](pgstattuple.html#id-1.11.7.40.5)pgstattuple\_approx, [Functions](pgstattuple.html#id-1.11.7.40.5)PGSYSCONFDIR, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGTARGETSESSIONATTRS, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGTZ, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)PGUSER, [Environment Variables](libpq-envars.html)pgxs, [Extension Building Infrastructure](extend-pgxs.html)pg\_advisory\_lock, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_advisory\_lock\_shared, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_advisory\_unlock, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_advisory\_unlock\_all, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_advisory\_unlock\_shared, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_advisory\_xact\_lock, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_advisory\_xact\_lock\_shared, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_aggregate, [pg\_aggregate](catalog-pg-aggregate.html)pg\_am, [pg\_am](catalog-pg-am.html)pg\_amcheck, [pg\_amcheck](app-pgamcheck.html)pg\_amop, [pg\_amop](catalog-pg-amop.html)pg\_amproc, [pg\_amproc](catalog-pg-amproc.html)pg\_archivecleanup, [pg\_archivecleanup](pgarchivecleanup.html)pg\_attrdef, [pg\_attrdef](catalog-pg-attrdef.html)pg\_attribute, [pg\_attribute](catalog-pg-attribute.html)pg\_authid, [pg\_authid](catalog-pg-authid.html)pg\_auth\_members, [pg\_auth\_members](catalog-pg-auth-members.html)pg\_available\_extensions, [pg\_available\_extensions](view-pg-available-extensions.html)pg\_available\_extension\_versions, [pg\_available\_extension\_versions](view-pg-available-extension-versions.html)pg\_backend\_memory\_contexts, [pg\_backend\_memory\_contexts](view-pg-backend-memory-contexts.html)pg\_backend\_pid, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_backup\_start\_time, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_basebackup, [pg\_basebackup](app-pgbasebackup.html)pg\_blocking\_pids, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_buffercache, [pg\_buffercache](pgbuffercache.html)pg\_buffercache\_pages, [pg\_buffercache](pgbuffercache.html)pg\_cancel\_backend, [Server Signaling Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SIGNAL)pg\_cast, [pg\_cast](catalog-pg-cast.html)pg\_checksums, [pg\_checksums](app-pgchecksums.html)pg\_class, [pg\_class](catalog-pg-class.html)pg\_client\_encoding, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)pg\_collation, [pg\_collation](catalog-pg-collation.html)pg\_collation\_actual\_version, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_collation\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)PG\_COLOR, [When Color is Used](color-when.html)PG\_COLORS, [Configuring the Colors](color-which.html)pg\_column\_compression, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_column\_size, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_config, [pg\_config](app-pgconfig.html), [pg\_config](view-pg-config.html)with ecpg, [Processing Embedded SQL Programs](ecpg-process.html)with libpq, [Building libpq Programs](libpq-build.html)with user-defined C functions, [Writing Code](xfunc-c.html#id-1.8.3.13.8)pg\_conf\_load\_time, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_constraint, [pg\_constraint](catalog-pg-constraint.html)pg\_controldata, [pg\_controldata](app-pgcontroldata.html)pg\_control\_checkpoint, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_control\_init, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_control\_recovery, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_control\_system, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_conversion, [pg\_conversion](catalog-pg-conversion.html)pg\_conversion\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_copy\_logical\_replication\_slot, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_copy\_physical\_replication\_slot, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_create\_logical\_replication\_slot, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_create\_physical\_replication\_slot, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_create\_restore\_point, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_ctl, [Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.html), [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html), [pg\_ctl](app-pg-ctl.html)pg\_current\_logfile, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_current\_snapshot, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_current\_wal\_flush\_lsn, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_current\_wal\_insert\_lsn, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_current\_wal\_lsn, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_current\_xact\_id, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_current\_xact\_id\_if\_assigned, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_cursors, [pg\_cursors](view-pg-cursors.html)pg\_database, [Template Databases](manage-ag-templatedbs.html), [pg\_database](catalog-pg-database.html)pg\_database\_size, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_db\_role\_setting, [pg\_db\_role\_setting](catalog-pg-db-role-setting.html)pg\_ddl\_command, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)pg\_default\_acl, [pg\_default\_acl](catalog-pg-default-acl.html)pg\_depend, [pg\_depend](catalog-pg-depend.html)pg\_describe\_object, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_description, [pg\_description](catalog-pg-description.html)pg\_drop\_replication\_slot, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_dump, [pg\_dump](app-pgdump.html)pg\_dumpall, [pg\_dumpall](app-pg-dumpall.html)use during upgrade, [Upgrading Data via pg\_dumpall](upgrading.html#UPGRADING-VIA-PGDUMPALL)pg\_enum, [pg\_enum](catalog-pg-enum.html)pg\_event\_trigger, [pg\_event\_trigger](catalog-pg-event-trigger.html)pg\_event\_trigger\_ddl\_commands, [Capturing Changes at Command End](functions-event-triggers.html#PG-EVENT-TRIGGER-DDL-COMMAND-END-FUNCTIONS)pg\_event\_trigger\_dropped\_objects, [Processing Objects Dropped by a DDL Command](functions-event-triggers.html#PG-EVENT-TRIGGER-SQL-DROP-FUNCTIONS)pg\_event\_trigger\_table\_rewrite\_oid, [Handling a Table Rewrite Event](functions-event-triggers.html#PG-EVENT-TRIGGER-TABLE-REWRITE-FUNCTIONS)pg\_event\_trigger\_table\_rewrite\_reason, [Handling a Table Rewrite Event](functions-event-triggers.html#PG-EVENT-TRIGGER-TABLE-REWRITE-FUNCTIONS)pg\_export\_snapshot, [Snapshot Synchronization Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-SNAPSHOT-SYNCHRONIZATION)pg\_extension, [pg\_extension](catalog-pg-extension.html)pg\_extension\_config\_dump, [Extension Configuration Tables](extend-extensions.html#EXTEND-EXTENSIONS-CONFIG-TABLES)pg\_filenode\_relation, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_file\_rename, [adminpack](adminpack.html)pg\_file\_settings, [pg\_file\_settings](view-pg-file-settings.html)pg\_file\_sync, [adminpack](adminpack.html)pg\_file\_unlink, [adminpack](adminpack.html)pg\_file\_write, [adminpack](adminpack.html)pg\_foreign\_data\_wrapper, [pg\_foreign\_data\_wrapper](catalog-pg-foreign-data-wrapper.html)pg\_foreign\_server, [pg\_foreign\_server](catalog-pg-foreign-server.html)pg\_foreign\_table, [pg\_foreign\_table](catalog-pg-foreign-table.html)pg\_freespace, [Functions](pgfreespacemap.html#id-1.11.7.36.5)pg\_freespacemap, [pg\_freespacemap](pgfreespacemap.html)pg\_function\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_catalog\_foreign\_keys, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_constraintdef, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_expr, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_functiondef, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_function\_arguments, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_function\_identity\_arguments, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_function\_result, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_indexdef, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_keywords, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_object\_address, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_ruledef, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_serial\_sequence, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_statisticsobjdef, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_triggerdef, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_userbyid, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_viewdef, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_get\_wal\_replay\_pause\_state, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_group, [pg\_group](view-pg-group.html)pg\_has\_role, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_hba.conf, [The pg\_hba.conf File](auth-pg-hba-conf.html)pg\_hba\_file\_rules, [pg\_hba\_file\_rules](view-pg-hba-file-rules.html)pg\_ident.conf, [User Name Maps](auth-username-maps.html)pg\_identify\_object, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_identify\_object\_as\_address, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_import\_system\_collations, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_index, [pg\_index](catalog-pg-index.html)pg\_indexam\_has\_property, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_indexes, [pg\_indexes](view-pg-indexes.html)pg\_indexes\_size, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_index\_column\_has\_property, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_index\_has\_property, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_inherits, [pg\_inherits](catalog-pg-inherits.html)pg\_init\_privs, [pg\_init\_privs](catalog-pg-init-privs.html)pg\_isready, [pg\_isready](app-pg-isready.html)pg\_is\_in\_backup, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_is\_in\_recovery, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_is\_other\_temp\_schema, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_is\_wal\_replay\_paused, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_jit\_available, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_language, [pg\_language](catalog-pg-language.html)pg\_largeobject, [pg\_largeobject](catalog-pg-largeobject.html)pg\_largeobject\_metadata, [pg\_largeobject\_metadata](catalog-pg-largeobject-metadata.html)pg\_last\_committed\_xact, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_last\_wal\_receive\_lsn, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_last\_wal\_replay\_lsn, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_last\_xact\_replay\_timestamp, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_listening\_channels, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_locks, [pg\_locks](view-pg-locks.html)pg\_logdir\_ls, [adminpack](adminpack.html)pg\_logical\_emit\_message, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_logical\_slot\_get\_binary\_changes, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_logical\_slot\_get\_changes, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_logical\_slot\_peek\_binary\_changes, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_logical\_slot\_peek\_changes, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_log\_backend\_memory\_contexts, [Server Signaling Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SIGNAL)pg\_lsn, [pg\_lsn Type](datatype-pg-lsn.html)pg\_ls\_archive\_statusdir, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_ls\_dir, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_ls\_logdir, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_ls\_tmpdir, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_ls\_waldir, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_matviews, [pg\_matviews](view-pg-matviews.html)pg\_mcv\_list\_items, [Inspecting MCV Lists](functions-statistics.html#FUNCTIONS-STATISTICS-MCV)pg\_my\_temp\_schema, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_namespace, [pg\_namespace](catalog-pg-namespace.html)pg\_notification\_queue\_usage, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_notify, [pg\_notify](sql-notify.html#id-1.9.3.157.7.5)pg\_opclass, [pg\_opclass](catalog-pg-opclass.html)pg\_opclass\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_operator, [pg\_operator](catalog-pg-operator.html)pg\_operator\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_opfamily, [pg\_opfamily](catalog-pg-opfamily.html)pg\_opfamily\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_options\_to\_table, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_partitioned\_table, [pg\_partitioned\_table](catalog-pg-partitioned-table.html)pg\_partition\_ancestors, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_partition\_root, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_partition\_tree, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_policies, [pg\_policies](view-pg-policies.html)pg\_policy, [pg\_policy](catalog-pg-policy.html)pg\_postmaster\_start\_time, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_prepared\_statements, [pg\_prepared\_statements](view-pg-prepared-statements.html)pg\_prepared\_xacts, [pg\_prepared\_xacts](view-pg-prepared-xacts.html)pg\_prewarm, [pg\_prewarm](pgprewarm.html)pg\_prewarm.autoprewarm configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](pgprewarm.html#id-1.11.7.37.5)pg\_prewarm.autoprewarm\_interval configuration parameter, [Configuration Parameters](pgprewarm.html#id-1.11.7.37.5)pg\_proc, [pg\_proc](catalog-pg-proc.html)pg\_promote, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_publication, [pg\_publication](catalog-pg-publication.html)pg\_publication\_rel, [pg\_publication\_rel](catalog-pg-publication-rel.html)pg\_publication\_tables, [pg\_publication\_tables](view-pg-publication-tables.html)pg\_range, [pg\_range](catalog-pg-range.html)pg\_read\_binary\_file, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_read\_file, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_receivewal, [pg\_receivewal](app-pgreceivewal.html)pg\_receivexlog, [pg\_receivexlog renamed to pg\_receivewal](app-pgreceivexlog.html) (see [pg\_receivewal](#ientry-idm116294))pg\_recvlogical, [pg\_recvlogical](app-pgrecvlogical.html)pg\_relation\_filenode, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_relation\_filepath, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_relation\_size, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_reload\_conf, [Server Signaling Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SIGNAL)pg\_relpages, [Functions](pgstattuple.html#id-1.11.7.40.5)pg\_replication\_origin, [pg\_replication\_origin](catalog-pg-replication-origin.html)pg\_replication\_origin\_advance, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_create, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_drop, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_oid, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_progress, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_session\_is\_setup, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_session\_progress, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_session\_reset, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_session\_setup, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_status, [pg\_replication\_origin\_status](view-pg-replication-origin-status.html)pg\_replication\_origin\_xact\_reset, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_origin\_xact\_setup, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_replication\_slots, [pg\_replication\_slots](view-pg-replication-slots.html)pg\_replication\_slot\_advance, [Replication Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-REPLICATION)pg\_resetwal, [pg\_resetwal](app-pgresetwal.html)pg\_resetxlog, [pg\_resetxlog renamed to pg\_resetwal](app-pgresetxlog.html) (see [pg\_resetwal](#ientry-idm122612))pg\_restore, [pg\_restore](app-pgrestore.html)pg\_rewind, [pg\_rewind](app-pgrewind.html)pg\_rewrite, [pg\_rewrite](catalog-pg-rewrite.html)pg\_roles, [pg\_roles](view-pg-roles.html)pg\_rotate\_logfile, [Server Signaling Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SIGNAL)pg\_rules, [pg\_rules](view-pg-rules.html)pg\_safe\_snapshot\_blocking\_pids, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_seclabel, [pg\_seclabel](catalog-pg-seclabel.html)pg\_seclabels, [pg\_seclabels](view-pg-seclabels.html)pg\_sequence, [pg\_sequence](catalog-pg-sequence.html)pg\_sequences, [pg\_sequences](view-pg-sequences.html)pg\_service.conf, [The Connection Service File](libpq-pgservice.html)pg\_settings, [pg\_settings](view-pg-settings.html)pg\_shadow, [pg\_shadow](view-pg-shadow.html)pg\_shdepend, [pg\_shdepend](catalog-pg-shdepend.html)pg\_shdescription, [pg\_shdescription](catalog-pg-shdescription.html)pg\_shmem\_allocations, [pg\_shmem\_allocations](view-pg-shmem-allocations.html)pg\_shseclabel, [pg\_shseclabel](catalog-pg-shseclabel.html)pg\_size\_bytes, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_size\_pretty, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_sleep, [Delaying Execution](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-DELAY)pg\_sleep\_for, [Delaying Execution](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-DELAY)pg\_sleep\_until, [Delaying Execution](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-DELAY)pg\_snapshot\_xip, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_snapshot\_xmax, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_snapshot\_xmin, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_start\_backup, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_statio\_all\_indexes, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_statio\_all\_indexes](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW)pg\_statio\_all\_sequences, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_statio\_all\_sequences](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW)pg\_statio\_all\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_statio\_all\_tables](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW)pg\_statio\_sys\_indexes, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_statio\_sys\_sequences, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_statio\_sys\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_statio\_user\_indexes, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_statio\_user\_sequences, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_statio\_user\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_statistic, [Single-Column Statistics](planner-stats.html#id-1.5.13.5.3), [pg\_statistic](catalog-pg-statistic.html)pg\_statistics\_obj\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_statistic\_ext, [Extended Statistics](planner-stats.html#PLANNER-STATS-EXTENDED), [pg\_statistic\_ext](catalog-pg-statistic-ext.html)pg\_statistic\_ext\_data, [Extended Statistics](planner-stats.html#PLANNER-STATS-EXTENDED), [pg\_statistic\_ext](catalog-pg-statistic-ext.html)pg\_stats, [Single-Column Statistics](planner-stats.html#id-1.5.13.5.3), [pg\_stats](view-pg-stats.html)pg\_stats\_ext, [pg\_stats\_ext](view-pg-stats-ext.html)pg\_stats\_ext\_exprs, [pg\_stats\_ext\_exprs](view-pg-stats-ext-exprs.html)pg\_stat\_activity, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_activity](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW)pg\_stat\_all\_indexes, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_all\_indexes](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW)pg\_stat\_all\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_all\_tables](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW)pg\_stat\_archiver, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_archiver](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ARCHIVER-VIEW)pg\_stat\_bgwriter, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_bgwriter](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW)pg\_stat\_clear\_snapshot, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_database, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_database](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW)pg\_stat\_database\_conflicts, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_database\_conflicts](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW)pg\_stat\_file, [Generic File Access Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE)pg\_stat\_get\_activity, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_activity, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_activity\_start, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_client\_addr, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_client\_port, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_dbid, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_idset, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_pid, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_start, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_userid, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_wait\_event, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_wait\_event\_type, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_backend\_xact\_start, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_get\_snapshot\_timestamp, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_gssapi, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_gssapi](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-GSSAPI-VIEW)pg\_stat\_progress\_analyze, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [ANALYZE Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.html#ANALYZE-PROGRESS-REPORTING)pg\_stat\_progress\_basebackup, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [Base Backup Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.html#BASEBACKUP-PROGRESS-REPORTING)pg\_stat\_progress\_cluster, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [CLUSTER Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.html#CLUSTER-PROGRESS-REPORTING)pg\_stat\_progress\_copy, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [COPY Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.html#COPY-PROGRESS-REPORTING)pg\_stat\_progress\_create\_index, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [CREATE INDEX Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.html#CREATE-INDEX-PROGRESS-REPORTING)pg\_stat\_progress\_vacuum, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [VACUUM Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.html#VACUUM-PROGRESS-REPORTING)pg\_stat\_replication, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_replication](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW)pg\_stat\_replication\_slots, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_replication\_slots](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-SLOTS-VIEW)pg\_stat\_reset, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_reset\_replication\_slot, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_reset\_shared, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_reset\_single\_function\_counters, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_reset\_single\_table\_counters, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_reset\_slru, [Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS)pg\_stat\_slru, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_slru](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SLRU-VIEW)pg\_stat\_ssl, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_ssl](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW)pg\_stat\_statements, [pg\_stat\_statements](pgstatstatements.html)function, [Functions](pgstatstatements.html#id-1.11.7.39.8)pg\_stat\_statements\_info, [The pg\_stat\_statements\_info View](pgstatstatements.html#id-1.11.7.39.7)pg\_stat\_statements\_reset, [Functions](pgstatstatements.html#id-1.11.7.39.8)pg\_stat\_subscription, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_subscription](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION)pg\_stat\_sys\_indexes, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stat\_sys\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stat\_user\_functions, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_user\_functions](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW)pg\_stat\_user\_indexes, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stat\_user\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stat\_wal, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_wal](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-VIEW)pg\_stat\_wal\_receiver, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS), [pg\_stat\_wal\_receiver](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-RECEIVER-VIEW)pg\_stat\_xact\_all\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stat\_xact\_sys\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stat\_xact\_user\_functions, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stat\_xact\_user\_tables, [Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS)pg\_stop\_backup, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_subscription, [pg\_subscription](catalog-pg-subscription.html)pg\_subscription\_rel, [pg\_subscription\_rel](catalog-pg-subscription-rel.html)pg\_surgery, [pg\_surgery](pgsurgery.html)pg\_switch\_wal, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_tables, [pg\_tables](view-pg-tables.html)pg\_tablespace, [pg\_tablespace](catalog-pg-tablespace.html)pg\_tablespace\_databases, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_tablespace\_location, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_tablespace\_size, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_table\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_table\_size, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_temp, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)securing functions, [Writing SECURITY DEFINER Functions Safely](sql-createfunction.html#SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-SECURITY)pg\_terminate\_backend, [Server Signaling Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SIGNAL)pg\_test\_fsync, [pg\_test\_fsync](pgtestfsync.html)pg\_test\_timing, [pg\_test\_timing](pgtesttiming.html)pg\_timezone\_abbrevs, [pg\_timezone\_abbrevs](view-pg-timezone-abbrevs.html)pg\_timezone\_names, [pg\_timezone\_names](view-pg-timezone-names.html)pg\_total\_relation\_size, [Database Object Management Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-DBOBJECT)pg\_transform, [pg\_transform](catalog-pg-transform.html)pg\_trgm, [pg\_trgm](pgtrgm.html)pg\_trgm.similarity\_threshold configuration parameter, [GUC Parameters](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.7)pg\_trgm.strict\_word\_similarity\_threshold configuration parameter, [GUC Parameters](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.7)pg\_trgm.word\_similarity\_threshold configuration parameter, [GUC Parameters](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.7)pg\_trigger, [pg\_trigger](catalog-pg-trigger.html)pg\_trigger\_depth, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_try\_advisory\_lock, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_try\_advisory\_lock\_shared, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_try\_advisory\_xact\_lock, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_try\_advisory\_xact\_lock\_shared, [Advisory Lock Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADVISORY-LOCKS)pg\_ts\_config, [pg\_ts\_config](catalog-pg-ts-config.html)pg\_ts\_config\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_ts\_config\_map, [pg\_ts\_config\_map](catalog-pg-ts-config-map.html)pg\_ts\_dict, [pg\_ts\_dict](catalog-pg-ts-dict.html)pg\_ts\_dict\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_ts\_parser, [pg\_ts\_parser](catalog-pg-ts-parser.html)pg\_ts\_parser\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_ts\_template, [pg\_ts\_template](catalog-pg-ts-template.html)pg\_ts\_template\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_type, [pg\_type](catalog-pg-type.html)pg\_typeof, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_type\_is\_visible, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_upgrade, [pg\_upgrade](pgupgrade.html)pg\_user, [pg\_user](view-pg-user.html)pg\_user\_mapping, [pg\_user\_mapping](catalog-pg-user-mapping.html)pg\_user\_mappings, [pg\_user\_mappings](view-pg-user-mappings.html)pg\_verifybackup, [pg\_verifybackup](app-pgverifybackup.html)pg\_views, [pg\_views](view-pg-views.html)pg\_visibility, [pg\_visibility](pgvisibility.html)pg\_visible\_in\_snapshot, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_waldump, [pg\_waldump](pgwaldump.html)pg\_walfile\_name, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_walfile\_name\_offset, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_wal\_lsn\_diff, [Backup Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP)pg\_wal\_replay\_pause, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_wal\_replay\_resume, [Recovery Control Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-RECOVERY-CONTROL)pg\_xact\_commit\_timestamp, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_xact\_commit\_timestamp\_origin, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_xact\_status, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)pg\_xlogdump, [pg\_xlogdump renamed to pg\_waldump](pgxlogdump.html) (see [pg\_waldump](#ientry-idm123733))phantom read, [Transaction Isolation](transaction-iso.html)phraseto\_tsquery, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Parsing Queries](textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-PARSING-QUERIES)pi, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)PIC, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)PIDdetermining PID of server processin libpq, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)pipelining, [Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html)in libpq, [Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html)PITR, [Backup and Restore](backup.html)PITR standby, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)pkg-config, [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES)with ecpg, [Processing Embedded SQL Programs](ecpg-process.html)with libpq, [Building libpq Programs](libpq-build.html)PL/Perl, [PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](plperl.html)PL/PerlU, [Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl](plperl-trusted.html)PL/pgSQL, [PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language](plpgsql.html)PL/Python, [PL/Python — Python Procedural Language](plpython.html)PL/SQL (Oracle), [Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](plpgsql-porting.html)porting to PL/pgSQL, [Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](plpgsql-porting.html)PL/Tcl, [PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language](pltcl.html)plainto\_tsquery, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Parsing Queries](textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-PARSING-QUERIES)plan\_cache\_mode configuration parameter, [Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER)plperl.on\_init configuration parameter, [Configuration](plperl-under-the-hood.html#PLPERL-CONFIG)plperl.on\_plperlu\_init configuration parameter, [Configuration](plperl-under-the-hood.html#PLPERL-CONFIG)plperl.on\_plperl\_init configuration parameter, [Configuration](plperl-under-the-hood.html#PLPERL-CONFIG)plperl.use\_strict configuration parameter, [Configuration](plperl-under-the-hood.html#PLPERL-CONFIG)plpgsql.check\_asserts configuration parameter, [Checking Assertions](plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-ASSERT)plpgsql.variable\_conflict configuration parameter, [Variable Substitution](plpgsql-implementation.html#PLPGSQL-VAR-SUBST)pltcl.start\_proc configuration parameter, [PL/Tcl Configuration](pltcl-config.html)pltclu.start\_proc configuration parameter, [PL/Tcl Configuration](pltcl-config.html)point, [Points](datatype-geometric.html#id-1.5.7.16.5), [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)point-in-time recovery, [Backup and Restore](backup.html)policy, [Row Security Policies](ddl-rowsecurity.html)polygon, [Polygons](datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-POLYGON), [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)polymorphic function, [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC)polymorphic type, [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC)popcount (see [bit\_count](#ientry-idm13382))popen, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)populate\_record, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)port, [Parameter Key Words](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)port configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)position, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)POSTGRES, [The Berkeley POSTGRES Project](history.html#HISTORY-BERKELEY)postgres, [Architectural Fundamentals](tutorial-arch.html), [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html), [Creating a Database](manage-ag-createdb.html), [postgres](app-postgres.html)postgres user, [The PostgreSQL User Account](postgres-user.html)Postgres95, [Postgres95](history.html#HISTORY-POSTGRES95)postgresql.auto.conf, [Parameter Interaction via the Configuration File](config-setting.html#CONFIG-SETTING-CONFIGURATION-FILE)postgresql.conf, [Parameter Interaction via the Configuration File](config-setting.html#CONFIG-SETTING-CONFIGURATION-FILE)postgres\_fdw, [postgres\_fdw](postgres-fdw.html)postmaster, [postmaster](app-postmaster.html)post\_auth\_delay configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)power, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)PQbackendPID, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQbinaryTuples, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)with COPY, [Functions Associated with the COPY Command](libpq-copy.html)PQcancel, [Canceling Queries in Progress](libpq-cancel.html)PQclear, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQclientEncoding, [Control Functions](libpq-control.html)PQcmdStatus, [Retrieving Other Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-NONSELECT)PQcmdTuples, [Retrieving Other Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-NONSELECT)PQconndefaults, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconnectdb, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconnectdbParams, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconnectionNeedsPassword, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQconnectionUsedPassword, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQconnectPoll, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconnectStart, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconnectStartParams, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconninfo, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconninfoFree, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQconninfoParse, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQconsumeInput, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQcopyResult, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQdb, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQdescribePortal, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQdescribePrepared, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQencryptPassword, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQencryptPasswordConn, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQendcopy, [Obsolete Functions for COPY](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-DEPRECATED)PQenterPipelineMode, [Functions Associated with Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html#LIBPQ-PIPELINE-FUNCTIONS)PQerrorMessage, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQescapeBytea, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)PQescapeByteaConn, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)PQescapeIdentifier, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)PQescapeLiteral, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)PQescapeString, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)PQescapeStringConn, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)PQexec, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQexecParams, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQexecPrepared, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQexitPipelineMode, [Functions Associated with Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html#LIBPQ-PIPELINE-FUNCTIONS)PQfformat, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)with COPY, [Functions Associated with the COPY Command](libpq-copy.html)PQfinish, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQfireResultCreateEvents, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQflush, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQfmod, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQfn, [The Fast-Path Interface](libpq-fastpath.html)PQfname, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQfnumber, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQfreeCancel, [Canceling Queries in Progress](libpq-cancel.html)PQfreemem, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQfsize, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQftable, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQftablecol, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQftype, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQgetCancel, [Canceling Queries in Progress](libpq-cancel.html)PQgetCopyData, [Functions for Receiving COPY Data](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-RECEIVE)PQgetisnull, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQgetlength, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQgetline, [Obsolete Functions for COPY](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-DEPRECATED)PQgetlineAsync, [Obsolete Functions for COPY](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-DEPRECATED)PQgetResult, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQgetssl, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQgetSSLKeyPassHook\_OpenSSL, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQgetvalue, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQhost, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQhostaddr, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQinitOpenSSL, [SSL Library Initialization](libpq-ssl.html#LIBPQ-SSL-INITIALIZE)PQinitSSL, [SSL Library Initialization](libpq-ssl.html#LIBPQ-SSL-INITIALIZE)PQinstanceData, [Event Support Functions](libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS)PQisBusy, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQisnonblocking, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQisthreadsafe, [Behavior in Threaded Programs](libpq-threading.html)PQlibVersion, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)(see also [PQserverVersion](#ientry-idm57198))PQmakeEmptyPGresult, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQnfields, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)with COPY, [Functions Associated with the COPY Command](libpq-copy.html)PQnotifies, [Asynchronous Notification](libpq-notify.html)PQnparams, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQntuples, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQoidStatus, [Retrieving Other Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-NONSELECT)PQoidValue, [Retrieving Other Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-NONSELECT)PQoptions, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQparameterStatus, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQparamtype, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQpass, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQping, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQpingParams, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQpipelineStatus, [Functions Associated with Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html#LIBPQ-PIPELINE-FUNCTIONS)PQpipelineSync, [Functions Associated with Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html#LIBPQ-PIPELINE-FUNCTIONS)PQport, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQprepare, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQprint, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)PQprotocolVersion, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQputCopyData, [Functions for Sending COPY Data](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-SEND)PQputCopyEnd, [Functions for Sending COPY Data](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-SEND)PQputline, [Obsolete Functions for COPY](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-DEPRECATED)PQputnbytes, [Obsolete Functions for COPY](libpq-copy.html#LIBPQ-COPY-DEPRECATED)PQregisterEventProc, [Event Support Functions](libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS)PQrequestCancel, [Canceling Queries in Progress](libpq-cancel.html)PQreset, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQresetPoll, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQresetStart, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQresStatus, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQresultAlloc, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQresultErrorField, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQresultErrorMessage, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQresultInstanceData, [Event Support Functions](libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS)PQresultMemorySize, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQresultSetInstanceData, [Event Support Functions](libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS)PQresultStatus, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQresultVerboseErrorMessage, [Main Functions](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN)PQsendDescribePortal, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQsendDescribePrepared, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQsendFlushRequest, [Functions Associated with Pipeline Mode](libpq-pipeline-mode.html#LIBPQ-PIPELINE-FUNCTIONS)PQsendPrepare, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQsendQuery, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQsendQueryParams, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQsendQueryPrepared, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQserverVersion, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQsetClientEncoding, [Control Functions](libpq-control.html)PQsetdb, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQsetdbLogin, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQsetErrorContextVisibility, [Control Functions](libpq-control.html)PQsetErrorVerbosity, [Control Functions](libpq-control.html)PQsetInstanceData, [Event Support Functions](libpq-events.html#LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS)PQsetnonblocking, [Asynchronous Command Processing](libpq-async.html)PQsetNoticeProcessor, [Notice Processing](libpq-notice-processing.html)PQsetNoticeReceiver, [Notice Processing](libpq-notice-processing.html)PQsetResultAttrs, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQsetSingleRowMode, [Retrieving Query Results Row-by-Row](libpq-single-row-mode.html)PQsetSSLKeyPassHook\_OpenSSL, [Database Connection Control Functions](libpq-connect.html)PQsetTraceFlags, [Control Functions](libpq-control.html)PQsetvalue, [Miscellaneous Functions](libpq-misc.html)PQsocket, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQsslAttribute, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQsslAttributeNames, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQsslInUse, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQsslStruct, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQstatus, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQtrace, [Control Functions](libpq-control.html)PQtransactionStatus, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQtty, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)PQunescapeBytea, [Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands](libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING)PQuntrace, [Control Functions](libpq-control.html)PQuser, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)predicate locking, [Serializable Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-SERIALIZABLE)PREPARE, [PREPARE](sql-prepare.html)PREPARE TRANSACTION, [PREPARE TRANSACTION](sql-prepare-transaction.html)prepared statements, [DEALLOCATE](sql-deallocate.html), [EXECUTE](sql-execute.html), [EXPLAIN](sql-explain.html), [PREPARE](sql-prepare.html)creating, [PREPARE](sql-prepare.html)executing, [EXECUTE](sql-execute.html)removing, [DEALLOCATE](sql-deallocate.html)showing the query plan, [EXPLAIN](sql-explain.html)preparing a queryin PL/pgSQL, [Plan Caching](plpgsql-implementation.html#PLPGSQL-PLAN-CACHING)in PL/Python, [Database Access Functions](plpython-database.html#id-1.8.11.15.3)in PL/Tcl, [Database Access from PL/Tcl](pltcl-dbaccess.html)pre\_auth\_delay configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)primary key, [Primary Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-PRIMARY-KEYS)primary\_conninfo configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)primary\_slot\_name configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)privilege, [Privileges](ddl-priv.html), [Schemas and Privileges](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PRIV), [Rules and Privileges](rules-privileges.html), [Rules and Privileges](rules-privileges.html)querying, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)with rules, [Rules and Privileges](rules-privileges.html)for schemas, [Schemas and Privileges](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PRIV)with views, [Rules and Privileges](rules-privileges.html)procedural language, [Procedural Languages](xplang.html), [Writing a Procedural Language Handler](plhandler.html)externally maintained, [Procedural Languages](external-pl.html)handler for, [Writing a Procedural Language Handler](plhandler.html)procedure, [User-Defined Procedures](xproc.html)user-defined, [User-Defined Procedures](xproc.html)proceduresoutput parameter, [SQL Procedures with Output Parameters](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-OUTPUT-PARAMETERS-PROC)promote\_trigger\_file configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)protocol, [Frontend/Backend Protocol](protocol.html)frontend-backend, [Frontend/Backend Protocol](protocol.html)ps, [Standard Unix Tools](monitoring-ps.html)to monitor activity, [Standard Unix Tools](monitoring-ps.html)psql, [Accessing a Database](tutorial-accessdb.html), [psql](app-psql.html)Python, [PL/Python — Python Procedural Language](plpython.html)

### Q

qualified name, [Creating a Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CREATE)query, [Querying a Table](tutorial-select.html), [Queries](queries.html)query plan, [Using EXPLAIN](using-explain.html)query tree, [The Query Tree](querytree.html)querytree, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Manipulating Queries](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSQUERY)quotation marksand identifiers, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)escaping, [String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS)quote\_all\_identifiers configuration parameter, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)quote\_ident, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)in PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)use in PL/pgSQL, [Executing Dynamic Commands](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN)quote\_literal, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)in PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)use in PL/pgSQL, [Executing Dynamic Commands](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN)quote\_nullable, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)in PL/Perl, [Utility Functions in PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)use in PL/pgSQL, [Executing Dynamic Commands](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN)

### R

radians, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)radius, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)RADIUS, [RADIUS Authentication](auth-radius.html)RAISEin PL/pgSQL, [Reporting Errors and Messages](plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-RAISE)random, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)random\_page\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)range table, [The Query Tree](querytree.html)range type, [Range Types](rangetypes.html)exclude, [Constraints on Ranges](rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-CONSTRAINT)indexes on, [Indexing](rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-INDEXING)range\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)range\_intersect\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)range\_merge, [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)rank, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)hypothetical, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)read committed, [Read Committed Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-READ-COMMITTED)read-only transaction, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)setting, [SET TRANSACTION](sql-set-transaction.html)setting default, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)readline, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)real, [Floating-Point Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT)REASSIGN OWNED, [REASSIGN OWNED](sql-reassign-owned.html)record, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)recovery.conf, [recovery.conf file merged into postgresql.conf](recovery-config.html)recovery.signal, [Archive Recovery](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY)recovery\_end\_command configuration parameter, [Archive Recovery](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY)recovery\_init\_sync\_method configuration parameter, [Error Handling](runtime-config-error-handling.html)recovery\_min\_apply\_delay configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)recovery\_target configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)recovery\_target\_action configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)recovery\_target\_inclusive configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)recovery\_target\_lsn configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)recovery\_target\_name configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)recovery\_target\_time configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)recovery\_target\_timeline configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)recovery\_target\_xid configuration parameter, [Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-RECOVERY-TARGET)rectangle, [Boxes](datatype-geometric.html#id-1.5.7.16.8)RECURSIVE, [CREATE VIEW](sql-createview.html)in common table expressions, [Recursive Queries](queries-with.html#QUERIES-WITH-RECURSIVE)in views, [CREATE VIEW](sql-createview.html)referential integrity, [Foreign Keys](tutorial-fk.html), [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW, [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](sql-refreshmaterializedview.html)regclass, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regcollation, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regconfig, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regdictionary, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regexp\_match, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [POSIX Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP)regexp\_matches, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [POSIX Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP)regexp\_replace, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [POSIX Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP)regexp\_split\_to\_array, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [POSIX Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP)regexp\_split\_to\_table, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [POSIX Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP)regnamespace, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regoper, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regoperator, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regproc, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regprocedure, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regression intercept, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regression slope, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regression test, [Installation Procedure](install-procedure.html)regression tests, [Regression Tests](regress.html)regrole, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regr\_avgx, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_avgy, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_count, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_intercept, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_r2, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_slope, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_sxx, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_sxy, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regr\_syy, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)regtype, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)regular expression, [SIMILAR TO Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-SIMILARTO-REGEXP), [POSIX Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP)(see also [pattern matching](#ientry-idm14100))regular expressionsand locales, [Behavior](locale.html#id-1.6.11.3.5)reindex, [Routine Reindexing](routine-reindex.html)REINDEX, [REINDEX](sql-reindex.html)reindexdb, [reindexdb](app-reindexdb.html)relation, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html)relational database, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html)RELEASE SAVEPOINT, [RELEASE SAVEPOINT](sql-release-savepoint.html)remove\_temp\_files\_after\_crash configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)repeat, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)repeatable read, [Repeatable Read Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-REPEATABLE-READ)replace, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)replication, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)Replication Origins, [Replication Progress Tracking](replication-origins.html)Replication Progress Tracking, [Replication Progress Tracking](replication-origins.html)replication slotlogical replication, [Replication Slots](logicaldecoding-explanation.html#LOGICALDECODING-REPLICATION-SLOTS)streaming replication, [Replication Slots](warm-standby.html#STREAMING-REPLICATION-SLOTS)reporting errorsin PL/pgSQL, [Reporting Errors and Messages](plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-RAISE)RESET, [RESET](sql-reset.html)restartpoint, [WAL Configuration](wal-configuration.html)restart\_after\_crash configuration parameter, [Error Handling](runtime-config-error-handling.html)restore\_command configuration parameter, [Archive Recovery](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY)RESTRICT, [Dependency Tracking](ddl-depend.html)with DROP, [Dependency Tracking](ddl-depend.html)foreign key action, [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)RETURN NEXTin PL/pgSQL, [RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY](plpgsql-control-structures.html#id-1.8.8.8.3.4)RETURN QUERYin PL/pgSQL, [RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY](plpgsql-control-structures.html#id-1.8.8.8.3.4)RETURNING, [Returning Data from Modified Rows](dml-returning.html)RETURNING INTO, [Executing a Command with a Single-Row Result](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-SQL-ONEROW)in PL/pgSQL, [Executing a Command with a Single-Row Result](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-SQL-ONEROW)reverse, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)REVOKE, [Privileges](ddl-priv.html), [REVOKE](sql-revoke.html)right, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)right join, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN)role, [Database Roles](database-roles.html), [Role Membership](role-membership.html), [Predefined Roles](predefined-roles.html)applicable, [applicable\_roles](infoschema-applicable-roles.html)enabled, [enabled\_roles](infoschema-enabled-roles.html)membership in, [Role Membership](role-membership.html)privilege to create, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.html)privilege to initiate replication, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.html)ROLLBACK, [ROLLBACK](sql-rollback.html)rollbackpsql, [Variables](app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-VARIABLES)ROLLBACK PREPARED, [ROLLBACK PREPARED](sql-rollback-prepared.html)ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, [ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT](sql-rollback-to.html)ROLLUP, [GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS)round, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)routine, [User-Defined Procedures](xproc.html)routine maintenance, [Routine Database Maintenance Tasks](maintenance.html)row, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html), [Table Basics](ddl-basics.html)ROW, [Row Constructors](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ROW-CONSTRUCTORS)row estimation, [Row Estimation Examples](row-estimation-examples.html)multivariate, [Multivariate Statistics Examples](multivariate-statistics-examples.html)planner, [Row Estimation Examples](row-estimation-examples.html)row type, [Composite Types](rowtypes.html)constructor, [Row Constructors](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ROW-CONSTRUCTORS)row-level security, [Row Security Policies](ddl-rowsecurity.html)row-wise comparison, [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)row\_number, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)row\_security configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)row\_security\_active, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)row\_to\_json, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)rpad, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)rtrim, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)rule, [The Rule System](rules.html), [Views and the Rule System](rules-views.html), [How SELECT Rules Work](rules-views.html#RULES-SELECT), [Materialized Views](rules-materializedviews.html), [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.html), [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.html), [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.html), [Rules Versus Triggers](rules-triggers.html)and materialized views, [Materialized Views](rules-materializedviews.html)and views, [Views and the Rule System](rules-views.html)for DELETE, [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.html)for INSERT, [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.html)for SELECT, [How SELECT Rules Work](rules-views.html#RULES-SELECT)compared with triggers, [Rules Versus Triggers](rules-triggers.html)for UPDATE, [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.html)

### S

SAVEPOINT, [SAVEPOINT](sql-savepoint.html)savepoints, [RELEASE SAVEPOINT](sql-release-savepoint.html), [ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT](sql-rollback-to.html), [SAVEPOINT](sql-savepoint.html)defining, [SAVEPOINT](sql-savepoint.html)releasing, [RELEASE SAVEPOINT](sql-release-savepoint.html)rolling back, [ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT](sql-rollback-to.html)scalar (see [expression](#ientry-idm1732))scale, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)schema, [Schemas](ddl-schemas.html), [Creating a Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CREATE), [The Public Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PUBLIC), [Overview](manage-ag-overview.html)creating, [Creating a Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CREATE)current, [The Schema Search Path](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH), [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)public, [The Public Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PUBLIC)removing, [Creating a Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CREATE)SCRAM, [Password Authentication](auth-password.html)search path, [The Schema Search Path](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH)current, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)object visibility, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)search\_path configuration parameter, [The Schema Search Path](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH), [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)use in securing functions, [Writing SECURITY DEFINER Functions Safely](sql-createfunction.html#SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-SECURITY)SECURITY LABEL, [SECURITY LABEL](sql-security-label.html)sec\_to\_gc, [Cube-Based Earth Distances](earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.22.7)seg, [seg](seg.html)segment\_size configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)SELECT, [Querying a Table](tutorial-select.html), [Queries](queries.html), [SELECT Output Columns](typeconv-select.html), [SELECT](sql-select.html)determination of result type, [SELECT Output Columns](typeconv-select.html)select list, [Select Lists](queries-select-lists.html)SELECT INTO, [Executing a Command with a Single-Row Result](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-SQL-ONEROW), [SELECT INTO](sql-selectinto.html)in PL/pgSQL, [Executing a Command with a Single-Row Result](plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-SQL-ONEROW)semaphores, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)sepgsql, [sepgsql](sepgsql.html)sepgsql.debug\_audit configuration parameter, [GUC Parameters](sepgsql.html#SEPGSQL-PARAMETERS)sepgsql.permissive configuration parameter, [GUC Parameters](sepgsql.html#SEPGSQL-PARAMETERS)sequence, [Sequence Manipulation Functions](functions-sequence.html)and serial type, [Serial Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)sequential scan, [Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE)seq\_page\_cost configuration parameter, [Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS)serial, [Serial Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)serial2, [Serial Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)serial4, [Serial Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)serial8, [Serial Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)serializable, [Serializable Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-SERIALIZABLE)Serializable Snapshot Isolation, [Introduction](mvcc-intro.html)serialization anomaly, [Transaction Isolation](transaction-iso.html), [Serializable Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-SERIALIZABLE)server log, [Error Reporting and Logging](runtime-config-logging.html), [Log File Maintenance](logfile-maintenance.html)log file maintenance, [Log File Maintenance](logfile-maintenance.html)Server Name Indication, [Parameter Key Words](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)server spoofing, [Preventing Server Spoofing](preventing-server-spoofing.html)server\_encoding configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)server\_version configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)server\_version\_num configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)session\_preload\_libraries configuration parameter, [Shared Library Preloading](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-PRELOAD)session\_replication\_role configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)session\_user, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)SET, [Configuration Settings Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET), [SET](sql-set.html)SET CONSTRAINTS, [SET CONSTRAINTS](sql-set-constraints.html)set difference, [Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](queries-union.html)set intersection, [Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](queries-union.html)set operation, [Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](queries-union.html)set returning functions, [Set Returning Functions](functions-srf.html)functions, [Set Returning Functions](functions-srf.html)SET ROLE, [SET ROLE](sql-set-role.html)SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION, [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](sql-set-session-authorization.html)SET TRANSACTION, [SET TRANSACTION](sql-set-transaction.html)set union, [Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](queries-union.html)SET XML OPTION, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)setseed, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)setval, [Sequence Manipulation Functions](functions-sequence.html)setweight, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Manipulating Documents](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSVECTOR)setweight for specific lexeme(s), [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)set\_bit, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html)set\_byte, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)set\_config, [Configuration Settings Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET)set\_limit, [Functions and Operators](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.6)set\_masklen, [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)sha224, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)sha256, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)sha384, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)sha512, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)shared library, [Shared Libraries](install-post.html#INSTALL-POST-SHLIBS), [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)shared memory, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC)shared\_buffers configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)shared\_memory\_type configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)shared\_preload\_libraries, [Shared Memory and LWLocks](xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-SHARED-ADDIN)shared\_preload\_libraries configuration parameter, [Shared Library Preloading](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-PRELOAD)shobj\_description, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)SHOW, [Configuration Settings Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET), [SHOW](sql-show.html), [Streaming Replication Protocol](protocol-replication.html)show\_limit, [Functions and Operators](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.6)show\_trgm, [Functions and Operators](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.6)shutdown, [Shutting Down the Server](server-shutdown.html)SIGHUP, [Parameter Interaction via the Configuration File](config-setting.html#CONFIG-SETTING-CONFIGURATION-FILE), [The pg\_hba.conf File](auth-pg-hba-conf.html), [User Name Maps](auth-username-maps.html)SIGINT, [Shutting Down the Server](server-shutdown.html)sign, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)signalbackend processes, [Server Signaling Functions](functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SIGNAL)significant digits, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)SIGQUIT, [Shutting Down the Server](server-shutdown.html)SIGTERM, [Shutting Down the Server](server-shutdown.html)SIMILAR TO, [SIMILAR TO Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-SIMILARTO-REGEXP)similarity, [Functions and Operators](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.6)sin, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)sind, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)single-user mode, [Options for Single-User Mode](app-postgres.html#id-1.9.5.14.6.5)sinh, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)skeys, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)sleep, [Delaying Execution](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-DELAY)slice, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)sliced bread (see [TOAST](#ientry-idm60681))slope, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)SLRU, [pg\_stat\_slru](monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SLRU-VIEW)smallint, [Integer Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-INT)smallserial, [Serial Types](datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)Solaris, [Solaris](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-SOLARIS)installation on, [Solaris](installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-SOLARIS)shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions](xfunc-c.html#DFUNC)start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html)SOME, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html), [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html), [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.html)sort, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)sorting, [Sorting Rows (ORDER BY)](queries-order.html)sort\_asc, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)sort\_desc, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)soundex, [Soundex](fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.24.6)SP-GiST (see [index](#ientry-idm30521))SPI, [Server Programming Interface](spi.html), [spi](contrib-spi.html)examples, [spi](contrib-spi.html)spi\_commitin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)SPI\_commit, [SPI\_commit](spi-spi-commit.html)SPI\_commit\_and\_chain, [SPI\_commit](spi-spi-commit.html)SPI\_connect, [SPI\_connect](spi-spi-connect.html)SPI\_connect\_ext, [SPI\_connect](spi-spi-connect.html)SPI\_copytuple, [SPI\_copytuple](spi-spi-copytuple.html)spi\_cursor\_closein PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)SPI\_cursor\_close, [SPI\_cursor\_close](spi-spi-cursor-close.html)SPI\_cursor\_fetch, [SPI\_cursor\_fetch](spi-spi-cursor-fetch.html)SPI\_cursor\_find, [SPI\_cursor\_find](spi-spi-cursor-find.html)SPI\_cursor\_move, [SPI\_cursor\_move](spi-spi-cursor-move.html)SPI\_cursor\_open, [SPI\_cursor\_open](spi-spi-cursor-open.html)SPI\_cursor\_open\_with\_args, [SPI\_cursor\_open\_with\_args](spi-spi-cursor-open-with-args.html)SPI\_cursor\_open\_with\_paramlist, [SPI\_cursor\_open\_with\_paramlist](spi-spi-cursor-open-with-paramlist.html)SPI\_cursor\_parse\_open, [SPI\_cursor\_parse\_open](spi-spi-cursor-parse-open.html)SPI\_exec, [SPI\_exec](spi-spi-exec.html)SPI\_execp, [SPI\_execp](spi-spi-execp.html)SPI\_execute, [SPI\_execute](spi-spi-execute.html)SPI\_execute\_extended, [SPI\_execute\_extended](spi-spi-execute-extended.html)SPI\_execute\_plan, [SPI\_execute\_plan](spi-spi-execute-plan.html)SPI\_execute\_plan\_extended, [SPI\_execute\_plan\_extended](spi-spi-execute-plan-extended.html)SPI\_execute\_plan\_with\_paramlist, [SPI\_execute\_plan\_with\_paramlist](spi-spi-execute-plan-with-paramlist.html)SPI\_execute\_with\_args, [SPI\_execute\_with\_args](spi-spi-execute-with-args.html)spi\_exec\_preparedin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)spi\_exec\_queryin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)spi\_fetchrowin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)SPI\_finish, [SPI\_finish](spi-spi-finish.html)SPI\_fname, [SPI\_fname](spi-spi-fname.html)SPI\_fnumber, [SPI\_fnumber](spi-spi-fnumber.html)spi\_freeplanin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)SPI\_freeplan, [SPI\_freeplan](spi-spi-freeplan.html)SPI\_freetuple, [SPI\_freetuple](spi-spi-freetuple.html)SPI\_freetuptable, [SPI\_freetuptable](spi-spi-freetupletable.html)SPI\_getargcount, [SPI\_getargcount](spi-spi-getargcount.html)SPI\_getargtypeid, [SPI\_getargtypeid](spi-spi-getargtypeid.html)SPI\_getbinval, [SPI\_getbinval](spi-spi-getbinval.html)SPI\_getnspname, [SPI\_getnspname](spi-spi-getnspname.html)SPI\_getrelname, [SPI\_getrelname](spi-spi-getrelname.html)SPI\_gettype, [SPI\_gettype](spi-spi-gettype.html)SPI\_gettypeid, [SPI\_gettypeid](spi-spi-gettypeid.html)SPI\_getvalue, [SPI\_getvalue](spi-spi-getvalue.html)SPI\_is\_cursor\_plan, [SPI\_is\_cursor\_plan](spi-spi-is-cursor-plan.html)SPI\_keepplan, [SPI\_keepplan](spi-spi-keepplan.html)SPI\_modifytuple, [SPI\_modifytuple](spi-spi-modifytuple.html)SPI\_palloc, [SPI\_palloc](spi-spi-palloc.html)SPI\_pfree, [SPI\_pfree](spi-spi-pfree.html)spi\_preparein PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)SPI\_prepare, [SPI\_prepare](spi-spi-prepare.html)SPI\_prepare\_cursor, [SPI\_prepare\_cursor](spi-spi-prepare-cursor.html)SPI\_prepare\_extended, [SPI\_prepare\_extended](spi-spi-prepare-extended.html)SPI\_prepare\_params, [SPI\_prepare\_params](spi-spi-prepare-params.html)spi\_queryin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)spi\_query\_preparedin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)SPI\_register\_relation, [SPI\_register\_relation](spi-spi-register-relation.html)SPI\_register\_trigger\_data, [SPI\_register\_trigger\_data](spi-spi-register-trigger-data.html)SPI\_repalloc, [SPI\_repalloc](spi-realloc.html)SPI\_result\_code\_string, [SPI\_result\_code\_string](spi-spi-result-code-string.html)SPI\_returntuple, [SPI\_returntuple](spi-spi-returntuple.html)spi\_rollbackin PL/Perl, [Database Access from PL/Perl](plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)SPI\_rollback, [SPI\_rollback](spi-spi-rollback.html)SPI\_rollback\_and\_chain, [SPI\_rollback](spi-spi-rollback.html)SPI\_saveplan, [SPI\_saveplan](spi-spi-saveplan.html)SPI\_scroll\_cursor\_fetch, [SPI\_scroll\_cursor\_fetch](spi-spi-scroll-cursor-fetch.html)SPI\_scroll\_cursor\_move, [SPI\_scroll\_cursor\_move](spi-spi-scroll-cursor-move.html)SPI\_start\_transaction, [SPI\_start\_transaction](spi-spi-start-transaction.html)SPI\_unregister\_relation, [SPI\_unregister\_relation](spi-spi-unregister-relation.html)split\_part, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)SQL/CLI, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/Foundation, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/Framework, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/JRT, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/JSON path language, [The SQL/JSON Path Language](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-SQLJSON-PATH)SQL/MDA, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/MED, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/OLB, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/PSM, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/Schemata, [SQL Conformance](features.html)SQL/XML, [SQL Conformance](features.html)limits and conformance, [XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](xml-limits-conformance.html)sqrt, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)ssh, [Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](ssh-tunnels.html)SSI, [Introduction](mvcc-intro.html)SSL, [Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](ssl-tcp.html), [SSL Support](libpq-ssl.html)in libpq, [Connection Status Functions](libpq-status.html)with libpq, [Parameter Key Words](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)ssl configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)sslinfo, [sslinfo](sslinfo.html)ssl\_ca\_file configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_cert\_file configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_cipher, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_ciphers configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_client\_cert\_present, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_client\_dn, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_client\_dn\_field, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_client\_serial, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_crl\_dir configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_crl\_file configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_dh\_params\_file configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_ecdh\_curve configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_extension\_info, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_issuer\_dn, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_issuer\_field, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_is\_used, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)ssl\_key\_file configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_library configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)ssl\_max\_protocol\_version configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_min\_protocol\_version configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_passphrase\_command configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_passphrase\_command\_supports\_reload configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_prefer\_server\_ciphers configuration parameter, [SSL](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SSL)ssl\_version, [Functions Provided](sslinfo.html#id-1.11.7.48.6)SSPI, [SSPI Authentication](sspi-auth.html)STABLE, [Function Volatility Categories](xfunc-volatility.html)standard deviation, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)population, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)sample, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)standard\_conforming\_strings configuration parameter, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)standby server, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)standby.signal, [Archive Recovery](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY), [Standby Server Operation](warm-standby.html#STANDBY-SERVER-OPERATION), [Setting Up a Standby Server](warm-standby.html#STANDBY-SERVER-SETUP)for hot standby, [Administrator's Overview](hot-standby.html#HOT-STANDBY-ADMIN)pg\_basebackup --write-recovery-conf, [Options](app-pgbasebackup.html#id-1.9.4.10.6)standby\_mode (see [standby.signal](#ientry-idm39444))START TRANSACTION, [START TRANSACTION](sql-start-transaction.html)starts\_with, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)START\_REPLICATION, [Streaming Replication Protocol](protocol-replication.html)statement\_timeout configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)statement\_timestamp, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)statistics, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html), [Statistics Used by the Planner](planner-stats.html), [Extended Statistics](planner-stats.html#PLANNER-STATS-EXTENDED), [Updating Planner Statistics](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-STATISTICS), [The Statistics Collector](monitoring-stats.html)of the planner, [Statistics Used by the Planner](planner-stats.html), [Extended Statistics](planner-stats.html#PLANNER-STATS-EXTENDED), [Updating Planner Statistics](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-STATISTICS)stats\_temp\_directory configuration parameter, [Query and Index Statistics Collector](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-COLLECTOR)stddev, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)stddev\_pop, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)stddev\_samp, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)STONITH, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)storage parameters, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)Streaming Replication, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)strict\_word\_similarity, [Functions and Operators](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.6)string (see [character string](#ientry-idm1275))stringsbackslash quotes, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)escape warning, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)standard conforming, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)string\_agg, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)string\_to\_array, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)string\_to\_table, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)strip, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Manipulating Documents](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSVECTOR)strpos, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)subarray, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)subltree, [Operators and Functions](ltree.html#id-1.11.7.30.6)subpath, [Operators and Functions](ltree.html#id-1.11.7.30.6)subquery, [Aggregate Functions](tutorial-agg.html), [Scalar Subqueries](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-SCALAR-SUBQUERIES), [Subqueries](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-SUBQUERIES), [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.html)subscript, [Subscripts](sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-SUBSCRIPTS)substr, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)substring, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html), [Bit String Functions and Operators](functions-bitstring.html), [SIMILAR TO Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-SIMILARTO-REGEXP), [POSIX Regular Expressions](functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP)subtransactionsin PL/Tcl, [Explicit Subtransactions in PL/Tcl](pltcl-subtransactions.html)sum, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)superuser, [Accessing a Database](tutorial-accessdb.html), [Role Attributes](role-attributes.html)superuser\_reserved\_connections configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)support functionsin\_range, [B-Tree Support Functions](btree-support-funcs.html)suppress\_redundant\_updates\_trigger, [Trigger Functions](functions-trigger.html)svals, [hstore Operators and Functions](hstore.html#id-1.11.7.25.6)synchronize\_seqscans configuration parameter, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)synchronous commit, [Asynchronous Commit](wal-async-commit.html)Synchronous Replication, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)synchronous\_commit configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)synchronous\_standby\_names configuration parameter, [Primary Server](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-PRIMARY)syntax, [SQL Syntax](sql-syntax.html)SQL, [SQL Syntax](sql-syntax.html)syslog\_facility configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)syslog\_ident configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)syslog\_sequence\_numbers configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)syslog\_split\_messages configuration parameter, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)system catalog, [The System Catalog Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CATALOG)schema, [The System Catalog Schema](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CATALOG)systemd, [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES), [Starting the Database Server](server-start.html)RemoveIPC, [systemd RemoveIPC](kernel-resources.html#SYSTEMD-REMOVEIPC)

### T

table, [Concepts](tutorial-concepts.html), [Table Basics](ddl-basics.html), [Modifying Tables](ddl-alter.html)creating, [Table Basics](ddl-basics.html)inheritance, [Inheritance](ddl-inherit.html)modifying, [Modifying Tables](ddl-alter.html)partitioning, [Table Partitioning](ddl-partitioning.html)removing, [Table Basics](ddl-basics.html)renaming, [Renaming a Table](ddl-alter.html#id-1.5.4.8.12)Table Access Method, [Table Access Method Interface Definition](tableam.html)TABLE command, [SELECT](sql-select.html)table expression, [Table Expressions](queries-table-expressions.html)table function, [Table Functions](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS), [xmltable](functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-PROCESSING-XMLTABLE)XMLTABLE, [xmltable](functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-PROCESSING-XMLTABLE)table sampling method, [Writing a Table Sampling Method](tablesample-method.html)tableamTable Access Method, [Table Access Method Interface Definition](tableam.html)tablefunc, [tablefunc](tablefunc.html)tableoid, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.html)TABLESAMPLE method, [Writing a Table Sampling Method](tablesample-method.html)tablespace, [Tablespaces](manage-ag-tablespaces.html)default, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)temporary, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)table\_am\_handler, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)tan, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)tand, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)tanh, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)target list, [The Query Tree](querytree.html)Tcl, [PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language](pltcl.html)tcn, [tcn](tcn.html)tcp\_keepalives\_count configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)tcp\_keepalives\_idle configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)tcp\_keepalives\_interval configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)tcp\_user\_timeout configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)template0, [Template Databases](manage-ag-templatedbs.html)template1, [Creating a Database](manage-ag-createdb.html), [Template Databases](manage-ag-templatedbs.html)temp\_buffers configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)temp\_file\_limit configuration parameter, [Disk](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-DISK)temp\_tablespaces configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)test, [Regression Tests](regress.html)test\_decoding, [test\_decoding](test-decoding.html)text, [Character Types](datatype-character.html), [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)text search, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html), [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html), [Full Text Search](textsearch.html), [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html)data types, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html)functions and operators, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.html)indexes, [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.html)text2ltree, [Operators and Functions](ltree.html#id-1.11.7.30.6)threads, [Behavior in Threaded Programs](libpq-threading.html)with libpq, [Behavior in Threaded Programs](libpq-threading.html)tid, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)time, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Times](datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.18.6)constants, [Special Values](datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-DATETIME-SPECIAL-VALUES)current, [Current Date/Time](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-CURRENT)output format, [Date/Time Output](datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-DATETIME-OUTPUT)(see also [formatting](#ientry-idm15463))time span, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html)time with time zone, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Times](datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.18.6)time without time zone, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Times](datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.18.6)time zone, [Time Zones](datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-TIMEZONES), [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT), [POSIX Time Zone Specifications](datetime-posix-timezone-specs.html)conversion, [AT TIME ZONE](functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-ZONECONVERT)input abbreviations, [Date/Time Configuration Files](datetime-config-files.html)POSIX-style specification, [POSIX Time Zone Specifications](datetime-posix-timezone-specs.html)time zone data, [Build Process Details](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-BUILD-PROCESS)time zone names, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)timelines, [Backup and Restore](backup.html)TIMELINE\_HISTORY, [Streaming Replication Protocol](protocol-replication.html)timeofday, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)timeoutclient authentication, [Authentication](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-AUTHENTICATION)deadlock, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.html)timestamp, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Time Stamps](datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.18.7)timestamp with time zone, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Time Stamps](datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.18.7)timestamp without time zone, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html), [Time Stamps](datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.18.7)timestamptz, [Date/Time Types](datatype-datetime.html)TimeZone configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)timezone\_abbreviations configuration parameter, [Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT)TOAST, [TOAST](storage-toast.html)and user-defined types, [TOAST Considerations](xtypes.html#XTYPES-TOAST)per-column storage settings, [Description](sql-altertable.html#id-1.9.3.35.5)per-type storage settings, [Description](sql-altertype.html#id-1.9.3.42.5)versus large objects, [Introduction](lo-intro.html)toast\_tuple\_target storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)token, [Lexical Structure](sql-syntax-lexical.html)to\_ascii, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)to\_char, [Data Type Formatting Functions](functions-formatting.html)and locales, [Behavior](locale.html#id-1.6.11.3.5)to\_date, [Data Type Formatting Functions](functions-formatting.html)to\_hex, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)to\_json, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)to\_jsonb, [Processing and Creating JSON Data](functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-PROCESSING)to\_number, [Data Type Formatting Functions](functions-formatting.html)to\_regclass, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regcollation, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regnamespace, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regoper, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regoperator, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regproc, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regprocedure, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regrole, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_regtype, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)to\_timestamp, [Data Type Formatting Functions](functions-formatting.html), [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)to\_tsquery, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Parsing Queries](textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-PARSING-QUERIES)to\_tsvector, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Parsing Documents](textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-PARSING-DOCUMENTS)trace\_locks configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)trace\_lock\_oidmin configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)trace\_lock\_table configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)trace\_lwlocks configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)trace\_notify configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)trace\_recovery\_messages configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)trace\_sort configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)trace\_userlocks configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)track\_activities configuration parameter, [Query and Index Statistics Collector](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-COLLECTOR)track\_activity\_query\_size configuration parameter, [Query and Index Statistics Collector](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-COLLECTOR)track\_commit\_timestamp configuration parameter, [Sending Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SENDER)track\_counts configuration parameter, [Query and Index Statistics Collector](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-COLLECTOR)track\_functions configuration parameter, [Query and Index Statistics Collector](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-COLLECTOR)track\_io\_timing configuration parameter, [Query and Index Statistics Collector](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-COLLECTOR)track\_wal\_io\_timing configuration parameter, [Query and Index Statistics Collector](runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-COLLECTOR)transaction, [Transactions](tutorial-transactions.html)transaction ID, [Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-WRAPAROUND)wraparound, [Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-WRAPAROUND)transaction isolation, [Transaction Isolation](transaction-iso.html)transaction isolation level, [Transaction Isolation](transaction-iso.html), [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)read committed, [Read Committed Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-READ-COMMITTED)repeatable read, [Repeatable Read Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-REPEATABLE-READ)serializable, [Serializable Isolation Level](transaction-iso.html#XACT-SERIALIZABLE)setting, [SET TRANSACTION](sql-set-transaction.html)setting default, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)transaction log (see [WAL](#ientry-idm54912))transaction\_deferrable configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)transaction\_isolation configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)transaction\_read\_only configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)transaction\_timestamp, [Date/Time Functions and Operators](functions-datetime.html)transform\_null\_equals configuration parameter, [Platform and Client Compatibility](runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-CLIENTS)transition tables, [CREATE TRIGGER](sql-createtrigger.html)(see also [ephemeral named relation](#ientry-idm84199))implementation in PLs, [SPI\_register\_trigger\_data](spi-spi-register-trigger-data.html)referencing from C trigger, [Writing Trigger Functions in C](trigger-interface.html)translate, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)transparent huge pages, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)trigger, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html), [Triggers](triggers.html), [Writing Trigger Functions in C](trigger-interface.html), [Rules Versus Triggers](rules-triggers.html), [Trigger Functions](plpgsql-trigger.html), [Trigger Functions](plpython-trigger.html)arguments for trigger functions, [Overview of Trigger Behavior](trigger-definition.html)constraint trigger, [Description](sql-createtrigger.html#id-1.9.3.93.6)for updating a derived tsvector column, [Triggers for Automatic Updates](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-UPDATE-TRIGGERS)in C, [Writing Trigger Functions in C](trigger-interface.html)in PL/pgSQL, [Trigger Functions](plpgsql-trigger.html)in PL/Python, [Trigger Functions](plpython-trigger.html)in PL/Tcl, [Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl](pltcl-trigger.html)compared with rules, [Rules Versus Triggers](rules-triggers.html)triggered\_change\_notification, [tcn](tcn.html)trigger\_file (see promote\_trigger\_file)trim, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.html)trim\_array, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)trim\_scale, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)true, [Boolean Type](datatype-boolean.html)trunc, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html), [Network Address Functions and Operators](functions-net.html)TRUNCATE, [TRUNCATE](sql-truncate.html)trusted, [Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl](plperl-trusted.html)PL/Perl, [Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl](plperl-trusted.html)tsm\_handler, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)tsm\_system\_rows, [tsm\_system\_rows](tsm-system-rows.html)tsm\_system\_time, [tsm\_system\_time](tsm-system-time.html)tsquery (data type), [tsquery](datatype-textsearch.html#DATATYPE-TSQUERY)tsquery\_phrase, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Manipulating Queries](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSQUERY)tsvector (data type), [tsvector](datatype-textsearch.html#DATATYPE-TSVECTOR)tsvector concatenation, [Manipulating Documents](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSVECTOR)tsvector\_to\_array, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)tsvector\_update\_trigger, [Trigger Functions](functions-trigger.html)tsvector\_update\_trigger\_column, [Trigger Functions](functions-trigger.html)ts\_debug, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Configuration Testing](textsearch-debugging.html#TEXTSEARCH-CONFIGURATION-TESTING)ts\_delete, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)ts\_filter, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)ts\_headline, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Highlighting Results](textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-HEADLINE)ts\_lexize, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Dictionary Testing](textsearch-debugging.html#TEXTSEARCH-DICTIONARY-TESTING)ts\_parse, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Parser Testing](textsearch-debugging.html#TEXTSEARCH-PARSER-TESTING)ts\_rank, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Ranking Search Results](textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-RANKING)ts\_rank\_cd, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Ranking Search Results](textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-RANKING)ts\_rewrite, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Query Rewriting](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-QUERY-REWRITING)ts\_stat, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Gathering Document Statistics](textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-STATISTICS)ts\_token\_type, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html), [Parser Testing](textsearch-debugging.html#TEXTSEARCH-PARSER-TESTING)tuple\_data\_split, [Heap Functions](pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.5)txid\_current, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)txid\_current\_if\_assigned, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)txid\_current\_snapshot, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)txid\_snapshot\_xip, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)txid\_snapshot\_xmax, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)txid\_snapshot\_xmin, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)txid\_status, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)txid\_visible\_in\_snapshot, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)type (see [data type](#ientry-idm1491))type cast, [Numeric Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-NUMERIC), [Type Casts](sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-TYPE-CASTS)

### U

UESCAPE, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS), [String Constants with Unicode Escapes](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-UESCAPE)unaccent, [unaccent](unaccent.html), [Functions](unaccent.html#id-1.11.7.54.8)Unicode escape, [String Constants with Unicode Escapes](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-UESCAPE)in identifiers, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)in string constants, [String Constants with Unicode Escapes](sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-UESCAPE)Unicode normalization, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)UNION, [Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](queries-union.html), [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)determination of result type, [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)uniq, [intarray Functions and Operators](intarray.html#id-1.11.7.27.7)unique constraint, [Unique Constraints](ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS)unistr, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html)Unix domain socket, [Parameter Key Words](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)unix\_socket\_directories configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)unix\_socket\_group configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)unix\_socket\_permissions configuration parameter, [Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS)unknown, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)UNLISTEN, [UNLISTEN](sql-unlisten.html)unnest, [Array Functions and Operators](functions-array.html)for multirange, [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)for tsvector, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)unqualified name, [The Schema Search Path](ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH)updatable views, [Updatable Views](sql-createview.html#SQL-CREATEVIEW-UPDATABLE-VIEWS)UPDATE, [Updates](tutorial-update.html), [Updating Data](dml-update.html), [Returning Data from Modified Rows](dml-returning.html), [UPDATE](sql-update.html)RETURNING, [Returning Data from Modified Rows](dml-returning.html)update\_process\_title configuration parameter, [Process Title](runtime-config-logging.html#id-1.6.7.11.7)updating, [Updating Data](dml-update.html)upgrading, [Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](upgrading.html)upper, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.html), [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)and locales, [Behavior](locale.html#id-1.6.11.3.5)upper\_inc, [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)upper\_inf, [Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](functions-range.html)UPSERT, [INSERT](sql-insert.html)URI, [Connection Strings](libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING)user, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html), [Database Roles](database-roles.html)current, [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html)user mapping, [Foreign Data](ddl-foreign-data.html)User name maps, [User Name Maps](auth-username-maps.html)user\_catalog\_table storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)UUID, [UUID Type](datatype-uuid.html), [UUID Type](datatype-uuid.html), [PostgreSQL Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-FEATURES)generating, [UUID Type](datatype-uuid.html)uuid-ossp, [uuid-ossp](uuid-ossp.html)uuid\_generate\_v1, [uuid-ossp Functions](uuid-ossp.html#id-1.11.7.55.5)uuid\_generate\_v1mc, [uuid-ossp Functions](uuid-ossp.html#id-1.11.7.55.5)uuid\_generate\_v3, [uuid-ossp Functions](uuid-ossp.html#id-1.11.7.55.5)

### V

vacuum, [Routine Vacuuming](routine-vacuuming.html)VACUUM, [VACUUM](sql-vacuum.html)vacuumdb, [vacuumdb](app-vacuumdb.html)vacuumlo, [vacuumlo](vacuumlo.html)vacuum\_cost\_delay configuration parameter, [Cost-based Vacuum Delay](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-VACUUM-COST)vacuum\_cost\_limit configuration parameter, [Cost-based Vacuum Delay](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-VACUUM-COST)vacuum\_cost\_page\_dirty configuration parameter, [Cost-based Vacuum Delay](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-VACUUM-COST)vacuum\_cost\_page\_hit configuration parameter, [Cost-based Vacuum Delay](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-VACUUM-COST)vacuum\_cost\_page\_miss configuration parameter, [Cost-based Vacuum Delay](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-VACUUM-COST)vacuum\_defer\_cleanup\_age configuration parameter, [Primary Server](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-PRIMARY)vacuum\_failsafe\_age configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)vacuum\_freeze\_min\_age configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)vacuum\_freeze\_table\_age configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)vacuum\_index\_cleanup storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)vacuum\_multixact\_failsafe\_age configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)vacuum\_multixact\_freeze\_min\_age configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)vacuum\_multixact\_freeze\_table\_age configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)vacuum\_truncate storage parameter, [Storage Parameters](sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS)value expression, [Value Expressions](sql-expressions.html)VALUES, [VALUES Lists](queries-values.html), [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html), [VALUES](sql-values.html)determination of result type, [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](typeconv-union-case.html)varchar, [Character Types](datatype-character.html)variadic function, [SQL Functions with Variable Numbers of Arguments](xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-VARIADIC-FUNCTIONS)variance, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)population, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)sample, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)var\_pop, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)var\_samp, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)version, [Accessing a Database](tutorial-accessdb.html), [System Information Functions and Operators](functions-info.html), [Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](upgrading.html)compatibility, [Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](upgrading.html)view, [Views](tutorial-views.html), [Views and the Rule System](rules-views.html), [Materialized Views](rules-materializedviews.html), [Cooperation with Views](rules-update.html#RULES-UPDATE-VIEWS)implementation through rules, [Views and the Rule System](rules-views.html)materialized, [Materialized Views](rules-materializedviews.html)updating, [Cooperation with Views](rules-update.html#RULES-UPDATE-VIEWS)Visibility Map, [Visibility Map](storage-vm.html)VM (see [Visibility Map](#ientry-idm143810))void, [Pseudo-Types](datatype-pseudo.html)VOLATILE, [Function Volatility Categories](xfunc-volatility.html)volatility, [Function Volatility Categories](xfunc-volatility.html)functions, [Function Volatility Categories](xfunc-volatility.html)VPATH, [Installation Procedure](install-procedure.html), [Extension Building Infrastructure](extend-pgxs.html)

### W

WAL, [Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log](wal.html)wal\_block\_size configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)wal\_buffers configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_compression configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_consistency\_checking configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)wal\_debug configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)wal\_init\_zero configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_keep\_size configuration parameter, [Sending Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SENDER)wal\_level configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_log\_hints configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_receiver\_create\_temp\_slot configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)wal\_receiver\_status\_interval configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)wal\_receiver\_timeout configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)wal\_recycle configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_retrieve\_retry\_interval configuration parameter, [Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY)wal\_segment\_size configuration parameter, [Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.html)wal\_sender\_timeout configuration parameter, [Sending Servers](runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-SENDER)wal\_skip\_threshold configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_sync\_method configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_writer\_delay configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)wal\_writer\_flush\_after configuration parameter, [Settings](runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS)warm standby, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)websearch\_to\_tsquery, [Text Search Functions and Operators](functions-textsearch.html)WHERE, [The WHERE Clause](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-WHERE)where to log, [Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE)WHILEin PL/pgSQL, [WHILE](plpgsql-control-structures.html#id-1.8.8.8.7.7)width, [Geometric Functions and Operators](functions-geometry.html)width\_bucket, [Mathematical Functions and Operators](functions-math.html)window function, [Window Functions](tutorial-window.html), [Window Function Calls](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-WINDOW-FUNCTIONS), [Window Function Processing](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-WINDOW), [Window Functions](functions-window.html)built-in, [Window Functions](functions-window.html)invocation, [Window Function Calls](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-WINDOW-FUNCTIONS)order of execution, [Window Function Processing](queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-WINDOW)WITH, [WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)](queries-with.html), [SELECT](sql-select.html)in SELECT, [WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)](queries-with.html), [SELECT](sql-select.html)WITH CHECK OPTION, [CREATE VIEW](sql-createview.html)WITHIN GROUP, [Aggregate Expressions](sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES)witness server, [High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.html)word\_similarity, [Functions and Operators](pgtrgm.html#id-1.11.7.42.6)work\_mem configuration parameter, [Memory](runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY)wraparoundof multixact IDs, [Multixacts and Wraparound](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-MULTIXACT-WRAPAROUND)of transaction IDs, [Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures](routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-WRAPAROUND)

### X

xid, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)xid8, [Object Identifier Types](datatype-oid.html)xmax, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.html)xmin, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.html)XML, [XML Type](datatype-xml.html)XML export, [Mapping Tables to XML](functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-MAPPING)XML Functions, [XML Functions](functions-xml.html)XML option, [Creating XML Values](datatype-xml.html#id-1.5.7.21.6), [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)xml2, [xml2](xml2.html)xmlagg, [xmlagg](functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-XMLAGG), [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.html)xmlbinary configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)xmlcomment, [xmlcomment](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.5.3)xmlconcat, [xmlconcat](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.5.4)xmlelement, [xmlelement](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.5.5)XMLEXISTS, [XMLEXISTS](functions-xml.html#XML-EXISTS)xmlforest, [xmlforest](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.5.6)xmloption configuration parameter, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)xmlparse, [Creating XML Values](datatype-xml.html#id-1.5.7.21.6)xmlpi, [xmlpi](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.5.7)xmlroot, [xmlroot](functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.21.5.8)xmlserialize, [Creating XML Values](datatype-xml.html#id-1.5.7.21.6)xmltable, [xmltable](functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-PROCESSING-XMLTABLE)xml\_is\_well\_formed, [xml\_is\_well\_formed](functions-xml.html#XML-IS-WELL-FORMED)xml\_is\_well\_formed\_content, [xml\_is\_well\_formed](functions-xml.html#XML-IS-WELL-FORMED)xml\_is\_well\_formed\_document, [xml\_is\_well\_formed](functions-xml.html#XML-IS-WELL-FORMED)XPath, [xpath](functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-PROCESSING-XPATH)xpath\_exists, [xpath\_exists](functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-PROCESSING-XPATH-EXISTS)xpath\_table, [xpath\_table](xml2.html#id-1.11.7.56.6)XQuery regular expressions, [Differences from XQuery (LIKE\_REGEX)](functions-matching.html#POSIX-VS-XQUERY)xslt\_process, [xslt\_process](xml2.html#id-1.11.7.56.7.3)

### Y

yacc, [Requirements](install-requirements.html)

### Z

zero\_damaged\_pages configuration parameter, [Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.html)zlib, [Requirements](install-requirements.html), [Anti-Features](install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE-OPTIONS-ANTI-FEATURES)

