diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/layers/nn.py b/python/paddle/fluid/layers/nn.py
index 239f46d1d95d541c852b3dc69551a54eee67bfb3..71ea085d3810844bf10fc616c4d5078921bcf211 100755
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/layers/nn.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/layers/nn.py
@@ -3924,6 +3924,10 @@ def conv2d_transpose(input,
           print(conv2d_transpose.shape) # [-1, 2, 34, 34]
     """
     assert param_attr is not False, "param_attr should not be False in conv2d_transpose."
+    if len(input.shape) != 4:
+        raise ValueError("Input size should be 4, "
+                         "but received {}".format(len(input.shape)))
+
     if data_format not in ['NCHW', 'NHWC']:
         raise ValueError(
             "Attr(data_format) of Op(fluid.layers.conv2d_transpose) got wrong value: received "
@@ -4015,7 +4019,14 @@ def conv2d_transpose(input,
         output_size = utils.convert_to_list(output_size, 2, 'output_size')
     else:
         raise ValueError("output_size should be int, list[int] or tuple[int]")
-    groups = 1 if groups is None else groups
+
+    if groups is None:
+        groups = 1
+    elif groups <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("the groups of input must be greater than 0, "
+                         "but received the groups of input is {}".format(
+                             groups))
+
     filter_shape = [input_channel, num_filters // groups] + filter_size
 
     img_filter = helper.create_parameter(
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv2d_transpose_op.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv2d_transpose_op.py
index b106f7aa9c1c8eb84836daa331f2c72917e62a27..027c806fc02e90d792a7316bd9169482ede766fa 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv2d_transpose_op.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv2d_transpose_op.py
@@ -898,6 +898,25 @@ class TestConv2DTransposeOpException(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, attr_padding_with_data_format)
 
+        error_input = fluid.layers.data(
+            name='error_data', shape=[1], dtype="float32")
+
+        def error_input_size():
+            out = fluid.layers.conv2d_transpose(
+                input=error_input, groups=1, num_filters=6, filter_size=3)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, error_input_size)
+
+        def error_groups():
+            out = fluid.layers.conv2d_transpose(
+                input=data,
+                groups=0,
+                num_filters=6,
+                filter_size=3,
+                data_format='NHWC')
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, error_groups)
+
 
 class TestConv2DTransposeRepr(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_case(self):