/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. */ #include #include "paddle/fluid/operators/math/cross_entropy.h" #include "paddle/fluid/operators/math/math_function.h" #include "paddle/fluid/operators/softmax_with_cross_entropy_op.h" #include "paddle/fluid/platform/for_range.h" namespace paddle { namespace operators { using Tensor = framework::Tensor; namespace { template __global__ void CrossEntropyGrad(T* logit_grad, const int64_t* labels, const int64_t n, const int64_t d, const int64_t remain, const int ignore_index) { CUDA_KERNEL_LOOP_TYPE(index, n * remain, int64_t) { int64_t idx_n = index / remain; int64_t idx_remain = index % remain; int64_t tmp = labels[index]; if (ignore_index != tmp) { int64_t idx = idx_n * d + tmp * remain + idx_remain; logit_grad[idx] -= static_cast(1.); } } } template __global__ void Scale(T* logit_grad, const T* loss_grad, const int64_t num, const int64_t d, const int64_t remain, const int64_t* labels, const int ignore_index) { CUDA_KERNEL_LOOP_TYPE(index, num, int64_t) { int64_t idx_n = index / d; int64_t idx_remain = index % remain; int64_t idx_lbl = idx_n * remain + idx_remain; if (labels[idx_lbl] == ignore_index) { logit_grad[index] = static_cast(0.); } else { logit_grad[index] *= loss_grad[idx_lbl]; } } } template __global__ void SoftCrossEntropyGradientKernel(T* logit_grad, const T* loss_grad, const T* labels, const int64_t n, const int64_t d, const int64_t remain) { int64_t ids = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (ids < n * d) { int64_t idx_n = ids / d; int64_t idx_remain = ids % remain; int64_t idx_loss = idx_n * remain + idx_remain; logit_grad[ids] = loss_grad[idx_loss] * (logit_grad[ids] - labels[ids]); } } } // namespace static __device__ __forceinline__ platform::float16 exp_on_device( platform::float16 x) { return ::Eigen::numext::exp(x); } static __device__ __forceinline__ float exp_on_device(float x) { return expf(x); } static __device__ __forceinline__ double exp_on_device(double x) { return exp(x); } static __device__ __forceinline__ platform::float16 log_on_device( platform::float16 x) { return math::TolerableValue()(::Eigen::numext::log(x)); } static __device__ __forceinline__ float log_on_device(float x) { return math::TolerableValue()(logf(x)); } static __device__ __forceinline__ double log_on_device(double x) { return math::TolerableValue()(log(x)); } /** In the following codes, 3 CUDA kernels are implemented to calculate softmax * and loss **/ /* Supposing the x is `logits` and y is `labels`, the equations are as followings: cross\_entropy_i = \sum_{j}[- y_i_j * log({e^{x_i_j}/\sum_{j}e^{x_i_j}})] = \sum_{j}[- y_i_j * log({e^{x_i_j - max_i}/\sum_{j}e^{x_i_j-max_i}})] = \sum_{j}[-y_i_j * (x_i_j - max_i - log\sum_{j}e^{x_i_j - max_i})] = \sum_{j}[-y_i_j * (x_i_j - max_i - logDiffMaxSum_i)] = \sum_{j}(-y_i_j * tmp_i_j) softmax_i_j = e^{tmp_i_j} where: max_i = \max_{j}{x_i_j} logDiffMaxSum_i = log\sum_{j}e^{x_i_j - max_i} tmp_i_j = x_i_j - max_i - logDiffMaxSum_i Therefore, the calculation can be separated into 3 steps: Step 1: row-wise operation to calculate max_i Step 2: row-wise operation to calculate logDiffMaxSum_i Step 3: calculate tmp_i_j, and finally get softmax_i_j and cross\_entropy_i To save memory, we can share memory among max_i, logDiffMaxSum_i and cross\_entropy_i. In this way, the 3 steps should be changed to: Step 1 (RowReductionForMax): row-wise operation to calculate max_i Step 2 (RowReductionForDiffMaxSum): calculate immediate result of softmax'_i_j = x_i_j - max_i, and row-wise operation to calculate logDiffMaxSum_i Step 3 (RowReductionForSoftmaxAndCrossEntropy): calculate tmp_i_j = softmax'_i_j - logDiffMaxSum_i, and finally get softmax_i_j and cross\_entropy_i */ // There are 3 kinds of reduce algorithms in cub: // BLOCK_REDUCE_RAKING_COMMUTATIVE_ONLY // BLOCK_REDUCE_RAKING // BLOCK_REDUCE_WARP_REDUCTIONS (default) template using BlockReduce = cub::BlockReduce; template using BlockReduceTempStorage = typename BlockReduce::TempStorage; // Make sure that BlockDim <= axis_dim // This kernel is used to calculate the max element of each row template static __global__ void RowReductionForMax(const T* logits_data, T* max_data, int64_t d, int axis_dim) { __shared__ BlockReduceTempStorage temp_storage; // logits_data view as [n, axis_dim, remain] // max_data view as [n, 1, remain] // blockDim = n * remain, split blockIdx to idx_n and idx_remain int64_t remain = d / axis_dim; int64_t idx_n = blockIdx.x / remain; int64_t idx_remain = blockIdx.x % remain; int64_t beg_idx = idx_n * d + threadIdx.x * remain + idx_remain; int64_t end_idx = (idx_n + 1) * d; int64_t step = BlockDim * remain; T cur_max = logits_data[beg_idx]; beg_idx += step; while (beg_idx < end_idx) { if (cur_max < logits_data[beg_idx]) { cur_max = logits_data[beg_idx]; } beg_idx += step; } cur_max = BlockReduce(temp_storage).Reduce(cur_max, cub::Max()); if (threadIdx.x == 0) max_data[blockIdx.x] = cur_max; } // Make sure that BlockDim <= axis_dim template static __global__ void RowReductionForDiffMaxSum(const T* logits_data, T* max_data, T* softmax, int64_t d, int axis_dim) { __shared__ BlockReduceTempStorage temp_storage; // logits, softmax data view as [n, axis_dim, remain] // max_data view as [n, 1, remain] // blockDim = n * remain, split blockIdx to idx_n and idx_remain int64_t remain = d / axis_dim; int64_t idx_n = blockIdx.x / remain; int64_t idx_remain = blockIdx.x % remain; int64_t beg_idx = idx_n * d + threadIdx.x * remain + idx_remain; int64_t end_idx = (idx_n + 1) * d; auto block_max = max_data[blockIdx.x]; int64_t step = BlockDim * remain; // In numeric stable mode softmax_with_loss, we calc loss with // tmp_i_j = x_i_j - max_i - logDiffMaxSum_i, instead of // log(exp(x_i_j - max_i)/DiffMaxSum_i). Therefore, log(0) will not occur. // Also we calc softmax_i_j = e^{tmp_i_j}, the maximum and minimum value will // be 1.0 and 0.0, represent prob is 1.0 and 0.0. // So there is no need to clip on shift_softmax. softmax[beg_idx] = logits_data[beg_idx] - block_max; T diff_max_sum = exp_on_device(softmax[beg_idx]); auto idx = beg_idx + step; while (idx < end_idx) { softmax[idx] = logits_data[idx] - block_max; diff_max_sum += exp_on_device(softmax[idx]); idx += step; } diff_max_sum = BlockReduce(temp_storage).Reduce(diff_max_sum, cub::Sum()); if (threadIdx.x == 0) max_data[blockIdx.x] = log_on_device(diff_max_sum); if (!CalculateLogSoftmax) return; __syncthreads(); diff_max_sum = max_data[blockIdx.x]; softmax[beg_idx] -= diff_max_sum; beg_idx += step; while (beg_idx < end_idx) { softmax[beg_idx] -= diff_max_sum; beg_idx += step; } // Note(zhiqiu): since different threads may use max_data[blockIdx.x] to // calculate diff_max_sum, __syncthreads() is needed here. __syncthreads(); if (threadIdx.x == 0) max_data[blockIdx.x] = 0; } // Make sure that BlockDim <= axis_dim template static __global__ void RowReductionForSoftmaxAndCrossEntropy( const T* logits_data, const T* labels_data, T* loss_data, T* softmax, int64_t d, int axis_dim) { __shared__ BlockReduceTempStorage temp_storage; // logits, softmax, labels data view as [n, axis_dim, remain] // loss_data view as [n, 1, remain] // blockDim = n * remain, split blockIdx to idx_n and idx_remain int64_t remain = d / axis_dim; int64_t idx_n = blockIdx.x / remain; int64_t idx_remain = blockIdx.x % remain; int64_t beg_idx = idx_n * d + threadIdx.x * remain + idx_remain; int64_t end_idx = (idx_n + 1) * d; // log_diff_max_sum shares memory with loss auto block_log_diff_max_sum = loss_data[blockIdx.x]; auto tmp = softmax[beg_idx] - block_log_diff_max_sum; softmax[beg_idx] = exp_on_device(tmp); auto loss = -labels_data[beg_idx] * tmp; int64_t step = BlockDim * remain; beg_idx += step; while (beg_idx < end_idx) { tmp = softmax[beg_idx] - block_log_diff_max_sum; softmax[beg_idx] = exp_on_device(tmp); loss -= (labels_data[beg_idx] * tmp); beg_idx += step; } loss = BlockReduce(temp_storage).Reduce(loss, cub::Sum()); if (threadIdx.x == 0) loss_data[blockIdx.x] = loss; } template struct HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFunctor { public: HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFunctor(const int64_t* labels, T* loss, T* log_softmax, int64_t d, int axis_dim) : labels_(labels), loss_(loss), log_softmax_(log_softmax), d_(d), axis_dim_(axis_dim) {} __device__ void operator()(int64_t idx) const { // logits view as [n, axis_dim, remain], where d = axis_dim * remain int64_t remain = d_ / axis_dim_; int64_t idx_n = idx / d_; int64_t idx_axis = (idx % d_) / remain; int64_t idx_remain = idx % remain; // labels, loss view as [n, remain] int64_t idx_lbl = idx_n * remain + idx_remain; // It also would ignore labels not in range(class_num). if (idx_axis != labels_[idx_lbl]) { log_softmax_[idx] = exp_on_device(log_softmax_[idx]); } else { auto softmax = log_softmax_[idx]; log_softmax_[idx] = exp_on_device(softmax); loss_[idx_lbl] = -softmax; } } private: const int64_t* labels_; T* loss_; T* log_softmax_; int64_t d_; int axis_dim_; }; template struct HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFunctorWithIgnoreIdx { public: HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFunctorWithIgnoreIdx(const int64_t* labels, T* loss, T* log_softmax, int64_t d, int axis_dim, int ignore_idx) : labels_(labels), loss_(loss), log_softmax_(log_softmax), d_(d), axis_dim_(axis_dim), ignore_idx_(ignore_idx) {} __device__ void operator()(int64_t idx) const { // logits view as [n, axis_dim, remain], where d = axis_dim * remain int64_t remain = d_ / axis_dim_; int64_t idx_n = idx / d_; int64_t idx_axis = (idx % d_) / remain; int64_t idx_remain = idx % remain; // labels, loss view as [n, remain] int64_t idx_lbl = idx_n * remain + idx_remain; if (idx_axis != labels_[idx_lbl] || idx_axis == ignore_idx_) { log_softmax_[idx] = exp_on_device(log_softmax_[idx]); } else { auto softmax = log_softmax_[idx]; log_softmax_[idx] = exp_on_device(softmax); loss_[idx_lbl] = -softmax; } } private: const int64_t* labels_; T* loss_; T* log_softmax_; int64_t d_; int axis_dim_; int ignore_idx_; }; template static void HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropy( const platform::CUDADeviceContext& ctx, const T* logits_data, const int64_t* labels_data, T* loss_data, T* softmax_data, int64_t n, int64_t d, int axis_dim, int ignore_idx) { constexpr int kMaxBlockDim = 512; int64_t block_dim = axis_dim >= kMaxBlockDim ? kMaxBlockDim : (1 << static_cast(std::log2(axis_dim))); int64_t grid_dim = n * d / axis_dim; auto stream = ctx.stream(); #define CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(BlockDim) \ case BlockDim: { \ RowReductionForMax<<>>( \ logits_data, loss_data, d, axis_dim); \ RowReductionForDiffMaxSum<<>>( \ logits_data, loss_data, softmax_data, d, axis_dim); \ platform::ForRange for_range(ctx, n* d); \ if (ignore_idx >= 0 && ignore_idx < axis_dim) { \ for_range(HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFunctorWithIgnoreIdx( \ labels_data, loss_data, softmax_data, d, axis_dim, ignore_idx)); \ } else { \ for_range(HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFunctor( \ labels_data, loss_data, softmax_data, d, axis_dim)); \ } \ } break switch (block_dim) { CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(512); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(256); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(128); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(64); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(32); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(16); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(8); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(4); CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(2); default: PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unavailable( "Block Dimension must be 2^n in softmax_with_cross_entropy_op.")); break; } #undef CALL_HARD_LABEL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL } template static void SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFusedKernel( const T* logits_data, const T* labels_data, T* softmax_data, T* loss_data, int64_t n, int64_t d, int axis_dim, cudaStream_t stream) { constexpr int kMaxBlockDim = 512; int64_t block_dim = axis_dim >= kMaxBlockDim ? kMaxBlockDim : (1 << static_cast(std::log2(axis_dim))); int64_t grid_dim = n * d / axis_dim; #define CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(BlockDim) \ case BlockDim: \ RowReductionForMax<<>>( \ logits_data, loss_data, d, axis_dim); \ RowReductionForDiffMaxSum<<>>( \ logits_data, loss_data, softmax_data, d, axis_dim); \ RowReductionForSoftmaxAndCrossEntropy< \ T, BlockDim><<>>( \ logits_data, labels_data, loss_data, softmax_data, d, axis_dim); \ break switch (block_dim) { CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(512); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(256); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(128); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(64); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(32); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(16); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(8); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(4); CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL(2); default: PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unavailable( "Block Dimension must be 2^n in softmax_with_cross_entropy_op.")); break; } #undef CALL_SOFTMAX_WITH_CROSS_ENTROPY_FUSED_KERNEL } template class SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel { public: void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override { PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ( platform::is_gpu_place(context.GetPlace()), true, platform::errors::Unavailable("softmax_with_cross_entropy operator's " "CUDA kernel only runs on GPU device.")); const Tensor* logits = context.Input("Logits"); const Tensor* labels = context.Input("Label"); Tensor* softmax = context.Output("Softmax"); Tensor* loss = context.Output("Loss"); const int rank = logits->dims().size(); const int axis = CanonicalAxis(context.Attr("axis"), rank); int axis_dim = logits->dims()[axis]; const int64_t n = SizeToAxis(axis, logits->dims()); const int64_t d = SizeFromAxis(axis, logits->dims()); auto* softmax_data = softmax->mutable_data(context.GetPlace()); auto* loss_data = loss->mutable_data(context.GetPlace()); if (axis_dim == 1) { math::SetConstant set_constant; set_constant(context.cuda_device_context(), softmax, static_cast(1)); set_constant(context.cuda_device_context(), loss, static_cast(0)); return; } auto soft_label = context.Attr("soft_label"); auto ignore_index = context.Attr("ignore_index"); if (soft_label) { auto* logits_data = logits->data(); auto* labels_data = labels->data(); SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyFusedKernel( logits_data, labels_data, softmax_data, loss_data, n, d, axis_dim, context.cuda_device_context().stream()); } else { if (!context.Attr("numeric_stable_mode")) { // CUDNN kernel only suppoer 2-D tensor and perfome softmax on last dim Tensor logits_2d, softmax_2d, labels_2d, loss_2d; logits_2d.ShareDataWith(*logits).Resize({n, d}); softmax_2d.ShareDataWith(*softmax).Resize({n, d}); labels_2d.ShareDataWith(*labels).Resize({n, labels->numel() / n}); loss_2d.ShareDataWith(*loss).Resize({n, 1}); math::SoftmaxCUDNNFunctor()(context.cuda_device_context(), &logits_2d, &softmax_2d); math::CrossEntropyFunctor()( context.cuda_device_context(), &loss_2d, &softmax_2d, &labels_2d, false, ignore_index, axis_dim); } else { auto* logits_data = logits->data(); auto* labels_data = labels->data(); HardLabelSoftmaxWithCrossEntropy( context.cuda_device_context(), logits_data, labels_data, loss_data, softmax_data, n, d, axis_dim, ignore_index); } } } }; template class SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyGradCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel { public: void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override { PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ( platform::is_gpu_place(context.GetPlace()), true, platform::errors::Unavailable("softmax_with_cross_entropy operator's " "CUDA kernel only runs on GPU device.")); const Tensor* labels = context.Input("Label"); const T* loss_grad_data = context.Input(framework::GradVarName("Loss"))->data(); Tensor* logit_grad = context.Output(framework::GradVarName("Logits")); const Tensor* softmax = context.Input("Softmax"); if (logit_grad != softmax) { framework::TensorCopy(*softmax, context.GetPlace(), context.device_context(), logit_grad); } T* logit_grad_data = logit_grad->data(); const int rank = logit_grad->dims().size(); const int axis = CanonicalAxis(context.Attr("axis"), rank); int axis_dim = logit_grad->dims()[axis]; const int64_t n = SizeToAxis(axis, logit_grad->dims()); const int64_t d = SizeFromAxis(axis, logit_grad->dims()); const int64_t remain = d / axis_dim; int block = 512; auto stream = context.cuda_device_context().stream(); auto ignore_index = context.Attr("ignore_index"); if (context.Attr("soft_label")) { int64_t grid = (n * d + block - 1) / block; const T* label_data = labels->data(); SoftCrossEntropyGradientKernel<<>>( logit_grad_data, loss_grad_data, label_data, n, d, remain); } else { int64_t grid = (n * remain + block - 1) / block; const int64_t* label_data = labels->data(); CrossEntropyGrad<<>>( logit_grad_data, label_data, n, d, remain, ignore_index); int64_t num = n * d; grid = (num + block - 1) / block; Scale<<>>(logit_grad_data, loss_grad_data, num, d, remain, label_data, ignore_index); } } }; } // namespace operators } // namespace paddle namespace ops = paddle::operators; REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL( softmax_with_cross_entropy, ops::SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyCUDAKernel, ops::SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyCUDAKernel, ops::SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyCUDAKernel); REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL( softmax_with_cross_entropy_grad, ops::SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyGradCUDAKernel, ops::SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyGradCUDAKernel, ops::SoftmaxWithCrossEntropyGradCUDAKernel);