Merge pull request #15610 from wzzju/quantization_inference_passes

Quantization inference passes

paddle/fluid/pybind/ir.cc

@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/pybind/ir.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_pattern_detector.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_desc.h"
@@ -27,6 +29,10 @@ namespace py = pybind11;
 using paddle::framework::ir::Graph;
 using paddle::framework::ir::Node;
 using paddle::framework::ir::GraphSafeRemoveNodes;
+using paddle::framework::ir::HasCircle;
+using paddle::framework::ir::GraphNum;
+using paddle::framework::ir::TopologySortOperations;
+using paddle::framework::ir::BuildOperationAdjList;
 using paddle::framework::OpDesc;
 using paddle::framework::ProgramDesc;
 using paddle::framework::VarDesc;
@@ -36,6 +42,12 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace pybind {
 void BindGraph(py::module *m) {
   m->def("graph_safe_remove_nodes", GraphSafeRemoveNodes);
+  m->def("has_circle", HasCircle);
+  m->def("graph_num", GraphNum);
+  m->def("topology_sort", TopologySortOperations,
+         return_value_policy::reference);
+  m->def("build_adjacency_list", BuildOperationAdjList,
+         return_value_policy::reference);
   py::class_<Graph, std::shared_ptr<Graph>>(
       *m, "Graph",
       "The graph is a Directed Acyclic Single Static Assignment Graph, see "
@@ -46,7 +58,6 @@ void BindGraph(py::module *m) {
       .def("get_float", &Graph::Get<float>)
       .def("get_double", &Graph::Get<double>)
       .def("get_string", &Graph::Get<std::string>)
-      .def("get_program", &Graph::Get<ProgramDesc>)
       .def("get_marked_nodes", &Graph::Get<std::unordered_set<const Node *>>)
       .def("set", [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name,
                      int attr) { return self.Set(attr_name, new int(attr)); })
@@ -63,11 +74,6 @@ void BindGraph(py::module *m) {
            [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name, double attr) {
              return self.Set(attr_name, new double(attr));
            })
-      .def("set",
-           [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name,
-              const ProgramDesc &attr) {
-             return self.Set(attr_name, new ProgramDesc(attr));
-           })
       .def("set",
            [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name,
               const std::unordered_set<const Node *> &attr) {
@@ -108,42 +114,42 @@ void BindNode(py::module *m) {
       .def("is_op", &Node::IsOp)
       .def("is_var", &Node::IsVar)
       .def("is_ctrl_var", &Node::IsCtrlVar)
+      .def("clear_inputs", [](Node &self) { self.inputs.clear(); })
       .def("inputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, int node_id) {
-             for (auto it = self.inputs.begin(); it != self.inputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if ((*it)->id() == node_id) {
-                 self.inputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos = std::find_if(
+                 self.inputs.begin(), self.inputs.end(),
+                 [&node_id](const Node *n) { return n->id() == node_id; });
+             if (pos != self.inputs.end()) {
+               self.inputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("inputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, Node &node) {
-             for (auto it = self.inputs.begin(); it != self.inputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if (*it == &node) {
-                 self.inputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos =
+                 std::find(self.inputs.begin(), self.inputs.end(), &node);
+             if (pos != self.inputs.end()) {
+               self.inputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("inputs_append",
            [](Node &self, Node &node) { self.inputs.push_back(&node); })
+      .def("clear_outputs", [](Node &self) { self.outputs.clear(); })
       .def("outputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, int node_id) {
-             for (auto it = self.outputs.begin(); it != self.outputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if ((*it)->id() == node_id) {
-                 self.outputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos = std::find_if(
+                 self.outputs.begin(), self.outputs.end(),
+                 [&node_id](const Node *n) { return n->id() == node_id; });
+             if (pos != self.outputs.end()) {
+               self.outputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("outputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, Node &node) {
-             for (auto it = self.outputs.begin(); it != self.outputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if (*it == &node) {
-                 self.outputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos =
+                 std::find(self.outputs.begin(), self.outputs.end(), &node);
+             if (pos != self.outputs.end()) {
+               self.outputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("outputs_append",

paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc

@@ -829,8 +829,7 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
   m.def("disable_profiler", platform::DisableProfiler);
   m.def("is_profiler_enabled", platform::IsProfileEnabled);
   m.def("reset_profiler", platform::ResetProfiler);
-  m.def("get_pass", [](const py::bytes &binary_str) {
-    std::string pass_type(binary_str);
+  m.def("get_pass", [](const std::string &pass_type) {
     auto pass = framework::ir::PassRegistry::Instance().Get(pass_type);
     return std::shared_ptr<framework::ir::Pass>(std::move(pass));
   });
@@ -838,10 +837,9 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
   py::class_<ir::Pass, std::shared_ptr<ir::Pass>> pass(m, "Pass");
   pass.def(py::init())
       .def("has", &ir::Pass::Has)
-      .def("set",
-           [](ir::Pass &self, const std::string &attr_name,
-              const ProgramDesc &attr) {
-             return self.Set(attr_name, new ProgramDesc(attr));
+      .def("set_not_owned",
+           [](ir::Pass &self, const std::string &attr_name, ProgramDesc &attr) {
+             self.SetNotOwned<ProgramDesc>(attr_name, &attr);
            })
       .def(
           "set",
@@ -850,7 +848,6 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
           })
       .def("set", [](ir::Pass &self, const std::string &name,
                      int val) { self.Set<const int>(name, new int(val)); })
-      .def("get_program", &ir::Pass::Get<ProgramDesc>)
       .def("type", &ir::Pass::Type)
       .def("apply", [](ir::Pass &self, std::shared_ptr<ir::Graph> graph) {
         std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> origin_graph(graph.get());

python/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ if (WITH_TESTING)
   add_subdirectory(paddle/dataset/tests)
   add_subdirectory(paddle/fluid/tests)
   add_subdirectory(paddle/fluid/contrib/tests)
+  add_subdirectory(paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests)
 endif()
 install(DIRECTORY ${PADDLE_PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR}
     DESTINATION opt/paddle/share/wheels

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/CMakeLists.txt

+file(GLOB TEST_OPS RELATIVE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" "test_*.py")
+string(REPLACE ".py" "" TEST_OPS "${TEST_OPS}")
+
+foreach(src ${TEST_OPS})
+    py_test(${src} SRCS ${src}.py)
+endforeach()

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/unitest/configs/config.yaml → python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/configs/config.yaml

 version: 1.0
-include: ["./unitest/configs/pruners.yaml", "./unitest/configs/pruners_0.yaml"]
+include: ["./configs/pruners.yaml", "./configs/pruners_0.yaml"]
 pruners:
     pruner_1:
         class: 'RatioPruner'

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/unitest/test_factory.py → python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/test_factory.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import unittest
 
 class TestFactory(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_parse(self):
-        factory = ConfigFactory('./unitest/configs/config.yaml')
+        factory = ConfigFactory('./configs/config.yaml')
 
         pruner = factory.instance('pruner_1')
         self.assertEquals(pruner.ratios['conv1_1.w'], 0.3)

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/test_graph.py

+#   copyright (c) 2018 paddlepaddle authors. all rights reserved.
+#
+# licensed under the apache license, version 2.0 (the "license");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the license.
+# you may obtain a copy of the license at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/license-2.0
+#
+# unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the license is distributed on an "as is" basis,
+# without warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied.
+# see the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the license.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import unittest
+import paddle.fluid as fluid
+import six
+from paddle.fluid.framework import IrGraph
+from paddle.fluid import core
+
+
+def residual_block(num):
+    def conv_bn_layer(input,
+                      ch_out,
+                      filter_size,
+                      stride,
+                      padding,
+                      act='relu',
+                      bias_attr=False):
+        tmp = fluid.layers.conv2d(
+            input=input,
+            filter_size=filter_size,
+            num_filters=ch_out,
+            stride=stride,
+            padding=padding,
+            act=None,
+            bias_attr=bias_attr)
+        return fluid.layers.batch_norm(input=tmp, act=act)
+
+    data = fluid.layers.data(name='image', shape=[1, 32, 32], dtype='float32')
+    label = fluid.layers.data(name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
+    hidden = data
+    for _ in six.moves.xrange(num):
+        conv = conv_bn_layer(hidden, 16, 3, 1, 1, act=None, bias_attr=True)
+        short = conv_bn_layer(hidden, 16, 1, 1, 0, act=None)
+        hidden = fluid.layers.elementwise_add(x=conv, y=short, act='relu')
+    fc = fluid.layers.fc(input=hidden, size=10)
+    loss = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=fc, label=label)
+    loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)
+    return loss
+
+
+class TestGraph(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_graph_functions(self):
+        main = fluid.Program()
+        startup = fluid.Program()
+        with fluid.program_guard(main, startup):
+            loss = residual_block(2)
+            opt = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
+            opt.minimize(loss)
+        graph = IrGraph(core.Graph(main.desc), for_test=False)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('conv2d') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        graph.draw('.', 'residual', marked_nodes)
+        self.assertFalse(graph.has_circle())
+        self.assertEqual(graph.graph_num(), 1)
+        nodes = graph.topology_sort()
+        self.assertEqual(len(nodes), len(graph.all_ops()))
+        nodes_map = graph.build_adjacency_list()
+        self.assertEqual(len(nodes_map), len(graph.all_ops()))
+        nodes_num = len(graph.all_nodes())
+        graph.safe_remove_nodes(marked_nodes)
+        self.assertEqual(len(graph.all_nodes()), nodes_num - len(marked_nodes))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/unitest/test_quantization_pass.py → python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/test_quantization_pass.py

@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@ import random
 import numpy as np
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import six
-from paddle.fluid.framework import Program
+import paddle
 from paddle.fluid.framework import IrGraph
 from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import QuantizationTransformPass
+from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import QuantizationFreezePass
+from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import ConvertToInt8Pass
+from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import TransformForMobilePass
 from paddle.fluid import core
 
 
@@ -65,6 +68,28 @@ def residual_block(num):
     return loss
 
 
+def conv_net(img, label):
+    conv_pool_1 = fluid.nets.simple_img_conv_pool(
+        input=img,
+        filter_size=5,
+        num_filters=20,
+        pool_size=2,
+        pool_stride=2,
+        act="relu")
+    conv_pool_1 = fluid.layers.batch_norm(conv_pool_1)
+    conv_pool_2 = fluid.nets.simple_img_conv_pool(
+        input=conv_pool_1,
+        filter_size=5,
+        num_filters=50,
+        pool_size=2,
+        pool_stride=2,
+        act="relu")
+    prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=conv_pool_2, size=10, act='softmax')
+    loss = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
+    avg_loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)
+    return avg_loss
+
+
 class TestQuantizationTransformPass(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.quantizable_op_and_inputs = {
@@ -171,5 +196,177 @@ class TestQuantizationTransformPass(unittest.TestCase):
         self.residual_block_quant('range_abs_max')
 
 
+class TestQuantizationFreezePass(unittest.TestCase):
+    def freeze_graph(self, use_cuda, seed, quant_type):
+        def build_program(main, startup, is_test):
+            main.random_seed = seed
+            startup.random_seed = seed
+            with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+                with fluid.program_guard(main, startup):
+                    img = fluid.layers.data(
+                        name='image', shape=[1, 28, 28], dtype='float32')
+                    label = fluid.layers.data(
+                        name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
+                    loss = conv_net(img, label)
+                    if not is_test:
+                        opt = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
+                        opt.minimize(loss)
+            return [img, label], loss
+
+        random.seed(0)
+        np.random.seed(0)
+
+        main = fluid.Program()
+        startup = fluid.Program()
+        test_program = fluid.Program()
+        feeds, loss = build_program(main, startup, False)
+        build_program(test_program, startup, True)
+        test_program = test_program.clone(for_test=True)
+        main_graph = IrGraph(core.Graph(main.desc), for_test=False)
+        test_graph = IrGraph(core.Graph(test_program.desc), for_test=True)
+
+        place = fluid.CUDAPlace(0) if use_cuda else fluid.CPUPlace()
+        exe = fluid.Executor(place)
+        scope = fluid.Scope()
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            exe.run(startup)
+        transform_pass = QuantizationTransformPass(
+            scope=scope, program_exe=exe, activation_quantize_type=quant_type)
+        transform_pass.apply(main_graph)
+        transform_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        dev_name = '_gpu_' if use_cuda else '_cpu_'
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in main_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        main_graph.draw('.', 'main' + dev_name + quant_type, marked_nodes)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test' + dev_name + quant_type, marked_nodes)
+
+        quantized_main_program = main_graph.to_program()
+        quantized_test_program = test_graph.to_program()
+        iters = 5
+        batch_size = 8
+
+        #train_exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
+        #    main_program=quantized_main_program,
+        #    use_cuda=bool(use_cuda),
+        #    loss_name=loss.name,
+        #    scope=scope)
+        train_reader = paddle.batch(
+            paddle.reader.shuffle(
+                paddle.dataset.mnist.train(), buf_size=500),
+            batch_size=batch_size)
+        test_reader = paddle.batch(
+            paddle.dataset.mnist.test(), batch_size=batch_size)
+        feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(feed_list=feeds, place=place)
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            for _ in range(iters):
+                data = next(train_reader())
+                loss_v = exe.run(program=quantized_main_program,
+                                 feed=feeder.feed(data),
+                                 fetch_list=[loss])
+                #loss_v = train_exe.run(feed=feeder.feed(data),
+                #                       fetch_list=[loss.name])
+                #print('{}: {}'.format('loss' + dev_name + quant_type, loss_v))
+
+        test_data = next(test_reader())
+        with fluid.program_guard(quantized_test_program):
+            w_var = fluid.framework._get_var('conv2d_1.w_0.quantized',
+                                             quantized_test_program)
+        # Testing
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            test_loss1, w_quant = exe.run(program=quantized_test_program,
+                                          feed=feeder.feed(test_data),
+                                          fetch_list=[loss, w_var])
+
+        # Freeze graph for inference, but the weight of fc/conv is still float type.
+        freeze_pass = QuantizationFreezePass(scope=scope, place=place)
+        freeze_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test_freeze' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                        marked_nodes)
+
+        server_program = test_graph.to_program()
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            test_loss2, = exe.run(program=server_program,
+                                  feed=feeder.feed(test_data),
+                                  fetch_list=[loss])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(test_loss1, test_loss2, delta=5e-3)
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('test_loss1' + dev_name + quant_type, test_loss1))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('test_loss2' + dev_name + quant_type, test_loss2))
+        w_freeze = np.array(scope.find_var('conv2d_1.w_0').get_tensor())
+        # Maybe failed, this is due to the calculation precision
+        # self.assertAlmostEqual(np.sum(w_freeze), np.sum(w_quant))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_freeze' + dev_name + quant_type,
+        #                      np.sum(w_freeze)))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_quant' + dev_name + quant_type,
+        #                      np.sum(w_quant)))
+
+        # Convert parameter to 8-bit.
+        convert_int8_pass = ConvertToInt8Pass(scope=scope, place=place)
+        convert_int8_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test_int8' + dev_name + quant_type, marked_nodes)
+        server_program_int8 = test_graph.to_program()
+        # Save the 8-bit parameter and model file.
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            fluid.io.save_inference_model('server_int8' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                                          ['image', 'label'], [loss], exe,
+                                          server_program_int8)
+            # Test whether the 8-bit parameter and model file can be loaded successfully.
+            [infer, feed, fetch] = fluid.io.load_inference_model(
+                'server_int8' + dev_name + quant_type, exe)
+        # Check the loaded 8-bit weight.
+        w_8bit = np.array(scope.find_var('conv2d_1.w_0.int8').get_tensor())
+        self.assertEqual(w_8bit.dtype, np.int8)
+        self.assertEqual(np.sum(w_8bit), np.sum(w_freeze))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_8bit' + dev_name + quant_type, np.sum(w_8bit)))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_freeze' + dev_name + quant_type,
+        #                      np.sum(w_freeze)))
+
+        mobile_pass = TransformForMobilePass()
+        mobile_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test_mobile' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                        marked_nodes)
+
+        mobile_program = test_graph.to_program()
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            fluid.io.save_inference_model('mobile_int8' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                                          ['image', 'label'], [loss], exe,
+                                          mobile_program)
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cuda_dynamic(self):
+        if fluid.core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
+            with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+                self.freeze_graph(True, seed=1, quant_type='abs_max')
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cpu_dynamic(self):
+        with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+            self.freeze_graph(False, seed=2, quant_type='abs_max')
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cuda_static(self):
+        if fluid.core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
+            with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+                self.freeze_graph(True, seed=1, quant_type='range_abs_max')
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cpu_static(self):
+        with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+            self.freeze_graph(False, seed=2, quant_type='range_abs_max')
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/tests/test_quantize_transpiler.py

@@ -204,9 +204,11 @@ class TestQuantizeTranspiler(unittest.TestCase):
         build_program(test_program, startup, True)
         test_program = test_program.clone(for_test=True)
 
-        quant_transpiler = QuantizeTranspiler()
-        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(main)
-        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(test_program)
+        quant_type = 'range_abs_max'  # 'range_abs_max' or 'abs_max'
+        quant_transpiler = QuantizeTranspiler(
+            activation_quantize_type=quant_type)
+        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(main, startup)
+        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(test_program, startup)
 
         place = fluid.CUDAPlace(0) if use_cuda else fluid.CPUPlace()
         exe = fluid.Executor(place)

python/paddle/fluid/framework.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 import collections
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections import Iterable
+import contextlib
 from .wrapped_decorator import signature_safe_contextmanager
 import os
 import re
@@ -1529,12 +1531,16 @@ class Block(object):
 
 class IrGraph(object):
     """
-    IrGraph uses core.Graph as the delegation to accomplish the manipulation.
+    Python IrGraph. Beneath it is a core.Graph, which is used for
+    create a c++ Ir Pass Graph. An IrGraph is just a graph view of
+    a Program. In an IrGraph, both Variables and Operators are graph
+    nodes.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, graph, for_test=False):
         """
-        Construct the IrGraph using core.Graph.
+        Construct an IrGraph using core.Graph.
+
         Args:
             graph(core.Graph): C++ Graph.
             for_test(bool): True for the test graph and false for the train graph.
@@ -1545,23 +1551,81 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         self._for_test = for_test
 
     def is_test(self):
+        """
+        If the graph is used for testing, the function returns true. Otherwise, returns false.
+        """
         return self._for_test
 
-    def all_parameters(self):
-        param_nodes = set()
-        for node in self.graph.nodes():
-            if node.is_var() and node.var() is not None and node.var(
-            ).persistable():
-                param_nodes.add(node)
-        return param_nodes
+    def all_nodes(self):
+        """
+        Return all nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
+        return {node for node in self.graph.nodes()}
 
     def all_vars(self):
+        """
+        Return all variable nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
         return {node for node in self.graph.nodes() if node.is_var()}
 
+    def all_persistable_vars(self):
+        """
+        Return all persistable variable nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
+        persistable_nodes = set()
+        for node in self.graph.nodes():
+            if node.is_var() and node.var() is not None and node.var(
+            ).persistable():
+                persistable_nodes.add(node)
+        return persistable_nodes
+
     def all_ops(self):
+        """
+        Return all operator nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
         return {node for node in self.graph.nodes() if node.is_op()}
 
+    def var_node(self, name):
+        """
+        Get a variable node by name from the graph.
+
+        Args:
+            name(str): the name of the variable node.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: The If input's type is not str, or this graph
+            doesn't have a variable with the giving name.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the variable node with the giving name.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(name, six.string_types):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "var require string as parameter, but get %s instead." %
+                (type(name)))
+        target_var_node = None
+        var_nodes = self.all_vars()
+        for var_node in var_nodes:
+            if var_node.name() == name:
+                target_var_node = var_node
+        if target_var_node is None:
+            raise ValueError("var_node %s not in this graph" % name)
+        return target_var_node
+
     def create_param_node(self, name, var_type, shape, var_dtype):
+        """
+        Create a persistable variable node in the graph. In IrGraph,
+        it can not distinguish between persistable variables and parameters.
+
+        Args:
+            name(str): the name of the persistable variable node.
+            vart_type(core.VarDesc.VarType): the type of the persistable variable node.
+            shape(list): the shape of the persistable variable node.
+            var_dtype(core.VarDesc.VarType): the data type of the persistable variable node.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created persistable variable node.
+        """
         var_desc = core.VarDesc(name)
         var_desc.set_type(var_type)
         var_desc.set_shape(shape)
@@ -1570,6 +1634,20 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         return self.graph.create_var_node(var_desc)
 
     def create_var_node(self, name, var_type, shape, var_dtype):
+        """
+        Create a variable node in the graph. The created variable node is
+        not persistable.
+
+        Args:
+            name(str): the name of the variable node.
+            vart_type(core.VarDesc.VarType): the type of the variable node.
+            shape(list): the shape of the variable node.
+            var_dtype(core.VarDesc.VarType): the data type of the variable node.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created variable node.
+        """
+
         var_desc = core.VarDesc(name)
         var_desc.set_type(var_type)
         var_desc.set_shape(shape)
@@ -1577,19 +1655,41 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         return self.graph.create_var_node(var_desc)
 
     def create_var_node_from_desc(self, var_desc):
+        """
+        Create a variable node by using an existing VarDesc in the graph.
+        Depend on the giving VarDesc, the created variable node may be persistable.
+
+        Args:
+            var_desc(core.VarDesc): the giving variable description.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created variable node.
+        """
         return self.graph.create_var_node(var_desc)
 
     def create_op_node(self, op_type, attrs, inputs, outputs):
+        """
+        Create a operator node in the graph.
+
+        Args:
+            op_type(str): the type of the operator node.
+            attrs(dict): the attributes of the operator node.
+            inputs(dict): the inputs of the operator node.
+            outputs(dict): the outpus of the operator node.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created operator node.
+        """
         op_desc = core.OpDesc()
         op_desc.set_type(op_type)
-        for attr, value in attrs.iteritems():
+        for attr, value in six.iteritems(attrs):
             self._update_desc_attr(op_desc, attr, value)
-        for input_name, var_nodes in inputs.iteritems():
+        for input_name, var_nodes in six.iteritems(inputs):
             if not isinstance(var_nodes, list):
                 var_nodes = [var_nodes]
             op_desc.set_input(input_name,
                               [var_node.name() for var_node in var_nodes])
-        for output_name, var_nodes in outputs.iteritems():
+        for output_name, var_nodes in six.iteritems(outputs):
             if not isinstance(var_nodes, list):
                 var_nodes = [var_nodes]
             op_desc.set_output(output_name,
@@ -1597,11 +1697,29 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         return self.graph.create_op_node(op_desc)
 
     def create_op_node_from_desc(self, op_desc):
+        """
+        Create a operator node by using an existing OpDesc in the graph.
+
+        Args:
+            op_desc(core.VarDesc): the giving operator description.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created operator node.
+        """
         return self.graph.create_op_node(op_desc)
 
     def update_input_link(self, old_input_node, new_input_node, op_node):
-        assert old_input_node in self.graph.nodes() and new_input_node in self.graph.nodes() and \
-            op_node in self.graph.nodes(), 'Th three arguments must be in the graph nodes.'
+        """
+        Update the input's link of a operator node.
+
+        Args:
+            old_input_node(core.Node): the old input node of the giving op_node.
+            new_input_node(core.Node): the new input node of the giving op_node.
+            op_node(core.Node): the operator node that is needed to update input's link.
+        """
+        assert old_input_node in self.graph.nodes() and new_input_node in \
+        self.graph.nodes() and op_node in self.graph.nodes(), \
+        'The three arguments(old_input_node&new_input_node&op_node) must be in the graph nodes.'
         old_input_node.outputs_remove(op_node)
         op_node.inputs_remove(old_input_node)
         new_input_node.outputs_append(op_node)
@@ -1609,17 +1727,85 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         op_node.op()._rename_input(old_input_node.name(), new_input_node.name())
 
     def link_to(self, node_in, node_out):
+        """
+        Connect two nodes.
+
+        Args:
+            node_in(core.Node): the input node.
+            node_out(core.Node): the output node.
+        """
         assert node_in in self.graph.nodes() and node_out in self.graph.nodes(), \
-            'Th two arguments must be in the graph nodes.'
+            'The two arguments(node_in&node_out) must be in the graph nodes.'
         node_in.outputs_append(node_out)
         node_out.inputs_append(node_in)
 
     def safe_remove_nodes(self, remove_nodes):
+        """
+        Remove nodes safely since links connected to these removed nodes are
+        also removed.
+
+        Args:
+            remove_nodes(set): the nodes prepared to be removed.
+        """
         if not isinstance(remove_nodes, set):
+            if isinstance(remove_nodes, Iterable):
                 remove_nodes = set(remove_nodes)
+            else:
+                remove_nodes = {remove_nodes}
         core.graph_safe_remove_nodes(self.graph, remove_nodes)
 
-    def draw(self, save_path, name, marked_nodes=None):
+    def has_circle(self):
+        """
+        Check if the graph has a circle.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the graph has a circle else False.
+        """
+        return core.has_circle(self.graph)
+
+    def graph_num(self):
+        """
+        Count the number of unconnected graphs in this graph.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: the number of unconnected graphs.
+        """
+        return core.graph_num(self.graph)
+
+    def topology_sort(self):
+        """
+        Perform the topology sort operation on the graph.
+
+        Notes: the `graph` cannot contain a circle.
+
+        Returns:
+            set(core.Node): nodes in topology order.
+        """
+        return core.topology_sort(self.graph)
+
+    def build_adjacency_list(self):
+        """
+        Build an adjacency list of operations for the `graph`.
+
+        Returns:
+            dict{core.Node: set(core.Node)}: the adjacency list.
+        """
+        return core.build_adjacency_list(self.graph)
+
+    def draw(self, save_path, name, marked_nodes=None, remove_ctr_var=True):
+        """
+        Draw the graph. If `dot` command is installed, the drawn graph
+        will be saved as pdf file type, otherwise dot file type is used.
+
+        Args:
+            save_path(str): the save path of drawn graph.
+            name(str): the name of drawn graph.
+            marked_nodes(set(core.Node)): nodes that are needed to be marked.
+            Default value is None.
+            remove_ctr_var(bool): If it is set True, all control variable nodes
+            in the graph will be removed. Default value is True.
+        """
+
         def _convert_to_pdf(dot_file_path):
             pdf_save_path = os.path.splitext(dot_file_path)[0] + '.pdf'
             exited_code = subprocess.call('dot -Tpdf ' + dot_file_path \
@@ -1629,15 +1815,17 @@ class IrGraph(object):
                 print('The {} is saved as the dot filetype.'.format(
                     dot_file_path))
 
+        if remove_ctr_var:
             remove_ctr_vars = set()
-        ops_num = 0
             for node in self.graph.nodes():
                 if node.is_ctrl_var():
                     remove_ctr_vars.add(node)
-            elif node.is_op():
+            self.safe_remove_nodes(remove_ctr_vars)
+        ops_num = 0
+        for node in self.graph.nodes():
+            if node.is_op():
                 ops_num += 1
         print('Total ops num = {}.'.format(ops_num))
-        self.safe_remove_nodes(remove_ctr_vars)
         if marked_nodes is not None:
             if not isinstance(marked_nodes, set):
                 marked_nodes = set(marked_nodes)
@@ -1652,10 +1840,20 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         _convert_to_pdf(viz_dot_path)
 
     def to_program(self):
+        """
+        Convert the graph into a Program.
+
+        Notes: When the graph includes backward operator nodes, the
+        conversion process may be failed. Usually, this function is
+        only used to convert a test graph.
+
+        Returns:
+            Program: a program converted from the graph.
+        """
         convert_pass = core.get_pass('graph_to_program_pass')
-        convert_pass.set('program', Program().desc)
+        desc = core.ProgramDesc()
+        convert_pass.set_not_owned('program', desc)
         convert_pass.apply(self.graph)
-        desc = convert_pass.get_program('program')
         program = Program._construct_from_desc(desc)
         return program