Merge branch 'develop' into warpctc_deps

doc/api/v2/fluid/layers.rst

@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ dynamic_lstm
 ..  autofunction:: paddle.v2.fluid.layers.dynamic_lstm
     :noindex:
 
+dynamic_gru
+-----------
+..  autofunction:: paddle.v2.fluid.layers.dynamic_gru
+    :noindex:
+
 data
 ----
 ..  autofunction:: paddle.v2.fluid.layers.data
@@ -500,6 +505,11 @@ swish
 ..  autofunction:: paddle.v2.fluid.layers.swish
     :noindex:
 
+im2sequence
+------
+..  autofunction:: paddle.v2.fluid.layers.im2sequence
+    :noindex:
+
 edit_distance
 ---------------
 ..  autofunction:: paddle.v2.fluid.layers.edit_distance_error

doc/getstarted/build_and_install/docker_install_cn.rst

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@
 
   .. code-block:: bash
 
-     docker pull docker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle
+     docker pull docker.paddlepaddlehub.com/paddle
 
 下载GPU版本（cuda8.0_cudnn5_avx_mkl）的Docker镜像：
 
   .. code-block:: bash
 
      docker pull paddlepaddle/paddle:latest-gpu
-     docker pull docker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle:latest-gpu
+     docker pull docker.paddlepaddlehub.com/paddle:latest-gpu
 
 选择下载使用不同的BLAS库的Docker镜像：
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
      docker pull paddlepaddle/paddle:[tag]
      # 比如：
-     docker pull docker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle:0.10.0-gpu
+     docker pull docker.paddlepaddlehub.com/paddle:0.11.0-gpu
 
 .. _docker_run:
 

doc/getstarted/build_and_install/docker_install_en.rst

@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ For users in China, we provide a faster mirror:
 
   .. code-block:: bash
 
-     docker pull docker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle
+     docker pull docker.paddlepaddlehub.com/paddle
 
 Download GPU version (cuda8.0_cudnn5_avx_mkl) images:
 
   .. code-block:: bash
 
      docker pull paddlepaddle/paddle:latest-gpu
-     docker pull docker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle:latest-gpu
+     docker pull docker.paddlepaddlehub.com/paddle:latest-gpu
 
 Choose between different BLAS version:
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ and run:
 
      docker pull paddlepaddle/paddle:[tag]
      # i.e.
-     docker pull docker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle:0.10.0-gpu
+     docker pull docker.paddlepaddlehub.com/paddle:0.11.0-gpu
 
 .. _docker_run:
 

paddle/framework/attribute.cc

@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ Attribute GetAttrValue(const proto::OpDesc::Attr& attr_desc) {
       }
       return val;
     }
+    case proto::AttrType::LONG: {
+      return attr_desc.l();
+    }
     default:
       PADDLE_THROW("Unsupport attr type %d", attr_desc.type());
   }

paddle/framework/attribute.h

@@ -168,6 +168,32 @@ struct ExtractAttribute<bool> {
   const std::string& attr_name_;
 };
 
+template <>
+struct ExtractAttribute<int64_t> {
+  explicit ExtractAttribute(const std::string& attr_name)
+      : attr_name_(attr_name) {}
+
+  int64_t* operator()(Attribute& attr) const {
+    if (attr.type() == typeid(int)) {  // NOLINT
+      int val = boost::get<int>(attr);
+      attr = static_cast<int64_t>(val);
+    } else if (attr.type() == typeid(float)) {  // NOLINT
+      int val = boost::get<float>(attr);
+      attr = static_cast<int64_t>(val);
+    }
+    int64_t* attr_value = nullptr;
+    try {
+      attr_value = &boost::get<int64_t>(attr);
+    } catch (boost::bad_get& bad_get) {
+      PADDLE_THROW("Cannot get attribute %s by type int64_t, its type is %s",
+                   attr_name_, attr.type().name());
+    }
+    return attr_value;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& attr_name_;
+};
+
 // check whether a certain attribute fit its limits
 // an attribute can have more than one limits
 template <typename T>

paddle/framework/block_desc.cc

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ std::vector<VarDesc *> BlockDesc::AllVars() const {
 
 OpDesc *BlockDesc::AppendOp() {
   need_update_ = true;
-  ops_.emplace_back(new OpDesc());
+  ops_.emplace_back(new OpDesc(this));
   return ops_.back().get();
 }
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void BlockDesc::AppendAllocatedOp(std::unique_ptr<OpDesc> &&op_desc) {
 
 OpDesc *BlockDesc::PrependOp() {
   need_update_ = true;
-  ops_.emplace_front(new OpDesc());
+  ops_.emplace_front(new OpDesc(this));
   return ops_.front().get();
 }
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ BlockDesc::BlockDesc(ProgramDesc *prog, proto::BlockDesc *desc)
     vars_[var_desc.name()].reset(new VarDesc(var_desc));
   }
   for (const proto::OpDesc &op_desc : desc_->ops()) {
-    ops_.emplace_back(new OpDesc(op_desc, prog));
+    ops_.emplace_back(new OpDesc(op_desc, prog, this));
   }
 }
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ BlockDesc::BlockDesc(const BlockDesc &other, proto::BlockDesc *desc,
     : prog_(prog), desc_(desc) {
   need_update_ = true;
   for (auto &op : other.ops_) {
-    ops_.emplace_back(new OpDesc(*op));
+    ops_.emplace_back(new OpDesc(*op, this));
   }
 
   for (auto &it : other.vars_) {

paddle/framework/framework.proto

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ enum AttrType {
   BOOLEAN = 6;
   BOOLEANS = 7;
   BLOCK = 8;
+  LONG = 9;
 }
 
 // OpDesc describes an instance of a C++ framework::OperatorBase
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ message OpDesc {
     optional bool b = 10;
     repeated bool bools = 11;
     optional int32 block_idx = 12;
+    optional int64 l = 13;
   };
 
   message Var {

paddle/framework/op_desc.cc

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void OpDesc::CopyFrom(const OpDesc &op_desc) {
   need_update_ = true;
 }
 
-OpDesc::OpDesc(const proto::OpDesc &desc, ProgramDesc *prog)
+OpDesc::OpDesc(const proto::OpDesc &desc, ProgramDesc *prog, BlockDesc *block)
     : desc_(desc), need_update_(false) {
   // restore inputs_
   int input_size = desc_.inputs_size();
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ OpDesc::OpDesc(const proto::OpDesc &desc, ProgramDesc *prog)
       attrs_[attr_name] = prog->MutableBlock(bid);
     }
   }
+  this->block_ = block;
 }
 
 proto::OpDesc *OpDesc::Proto() {
@@ -282,6 +283,7 @@ struct SetAttrDescVisitor : public boost::static_visitor<void> {
     VectorToRepeated(v, attr_->mutable_bools());
   }
   void operator()(BlockDesc *desc) const { attr_->set_block_idx(desc->ID()); }
+  void operator()(int64_t v) const { attr_->set_l(v); }
   void operator()(boost::blank) const { PADDLE_THROW("Unexpected branch"); }
 };
 

paddle/framework/op_desc.h

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ namespace framework {
 
 class BlockDesc;
 class ProgramDesc;
-
 class OpDesc {
  public:
   OpDesc() {}
@@ -33,7 +32,14 @@ class OpDesc {
   OpDesc(const std::string &type, const VariableNameMap &inputs,
          const VariableNameMap &outputs, const AttributeMap &attrs);
 
-  OpDesc(const proto::OpDesc &desc, ProgramDesc *prog);
+  OpDesc(const proto::OpDesc &desc, ProgramDesc *prog, BlockDesc *block);
+
+  explicit OpDesc(BlockDesc *block) : block_(block) {}
+
+  OpDesc(const OpDesc &other, BlockDesc *block) {
+    *this = other;
+    block_ = block;
+  }
 
   void CopyFrom(const OpDesc &op_desc);
 
@@ -117,6 +123,10 @@ class OpDesc {
 
   void Flush();
 
+  BlockDesc *Block() { return this->block_; }
+
+  void SetBlock(BlockDesc *block) { this->block_ = block; }
+
  private:
   template <typename MapType>
   static std::vector<typename MapType::key_type> MapKeys(const MapType &map) {
@@ -129,6 +139,7 @@ class OpDesc {
   }
 
   proto::OpDesc desc_;
+  BlockDesc *block_;  // not_own
   // input arg name => input variable names
   VariableNameMap inputs_;
   // output arg name => output variable names

paddle/framework/type_defs.h

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ using VariableNameMap = std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>>;
 using Attribute =
     boost::variant<boost::blank, int, float, std::string, std::vector<int>,
                    std::vector<float>, std::vector<std::string>, bool,
-                   std::vector<bool>, BlockDesc*>;
+                   std::vector<bool>, BlockDesc*, int64_t>;
 
 using AttributeMap = std::unordered_map<std::string, Attribute>;
 

paddle/framework/var_desc.h

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ class VarDesc {
 
   std::string Name() const { return desc_.name(); }
 
+  void SetName(std::string name) { desc_.set_name(name); }
+
   void SetShape(const std::vector<int64_t> &dims);
 
   void SetDataType(proto::DataType data_type);

paddle/framework/variable_test.cc

@@ -12,19 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-/*
-  Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
-  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  limitations under the License.
-*/
-
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 

paddle/operators/bipartite_match_op.cc

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ namespace operators {
 using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
 using LoDTensor = framework::LoDTensor;
 
-constexpr char kEPS = 1e-6;
-
 class BipartiteMatchOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
   using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
@@ -46,6 +44,7 @@ class BipartiteMatchKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
   // The match_dist must be initialized to 0 at first.
   void BipartiteMatch(const Tensor& dist, int* match_indices,
                       T* match_dist) const {
+    constexpr T kEPS = static_cast<T>(1e-6);
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(dist.dims().size(), 2, "The rank of dist must be 2.");
     int64_t row = dist.dims()[0];
     int64_t col = dist.dims()[1];

paddle/operators/iou_similarity_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/iou_similarity_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+class IOUSimilarityOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+ protected:
+  void InferShape(framework::InferShapeContext *ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx->HasInput("X"),
+                   "Input(X) of IOUSimilarityOp should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx->HasInput("Y"),
+                   "Input(Y) of IOUSimilarityOp should not be null.");
+    auto x_dims = ctx->GetInputDim("X");
+    auto y_dims = ctx->GetInputDim("Y");
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x_dims.size(), 2UL, "The rank of Input(X) must be 2.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x_dims[1], 4UL, "The shape of X is [N, 4]");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(y_dims.size(), 2UL, "The rank of Input(Y) must be 2.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(y_dims[1], 4UL, "The shape of Y is [M, 4]");
+
+    ctx->ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
+    ctx->SetOutputDim("Out", framework::make_ddim({x_dims[0], y_dims[0]}));
+  }
+};
+
+class IOUSimilarityOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  IOUSimilarityOpMaker(OpProto *proto, OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("X",
+             "(LoDTensor, default LoDTensor<float>) "
+             "Box list X is a 2-D LoDTensor with shape [N, 4] holds N boxes, "
+             "each box is represented as [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax], "
+             "the shape of X is [N, 4]. [xmin, ymin] is the left top "
+             "coordinate of the box if the input is image feature map, they "
+             "are close to the origin of the coordinate system. "
+             "[xmax, ymax] is the right bottom coordinate of the box. "
+             "This tensor can contain LoD information to represent a batch "
+             "of inputs. One instance of this batch can contain different "
+             "numbers of entities.");
+    AddInput("Y",
+             "(Tensor, default Tensor<float>) "
+             "Box list Y holds M boxes, each box is represented as "
+             "[xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax], the shape of X is [N, 4]. "
+             "[xmin, ymin] is the left top coordinate of the box if the "
+             "input is image feature map, and [xmax, ymax] is the right "
+             "bottom coordinate of the box.");
+
+    AddOutput("Out",
+              "(LoDTensor, the lod is same as input X) The output of "
+              "iou_similarity op, a tensor with shape [N, M] "
+              "representing pairwise iou scores.");
+
+    AddComment(R"DOC(
+IOU Similarity Operator.
+Computes intersection-over-union (IOU) between two box lists.
+ Box list 'X' should be a LoDTensor and 'Y' is a common Tensor,
+ boxes in 'Y' are shared by all instance of the batched inputs of X.
+ Given two boxes A and B, the calculation of IOU is as follows:
+
+$$
+IOU(A, B) = 
+\frac{area(A\cap B)}{area(A)+area(B)-area(A\cap B)}
+$$
+
+)DOC");
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(iou_similarity, ops::IOUSimilarityOp,
+                             ops::IOUSimilarityOpMaker);
+
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    iou_similarity,
+    ops::IOUSimilarityKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::IOUSimilarityKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, double>);

paddle/operators/iou_similarity_op.cu

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/iou_similarity_op.h"
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL(
+    iou_similarity,
+    ops::IOUSimilarityKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::IOUSimilarityKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, double>);

paddle/operators/iou_similarity_op.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/platform/for_range.h"
+
+template <typename T>
+inline HOSTDEVICE T IOUSimilarity(T xmin1, T ymin1, T xmax1, T ymax1, T xmin2,
+                                  T ymin2, T xmax2, T ymax2) {
+  constexpr T zero = static_cast<T>(0);
+  T area1 = (ymax1 - ymin1) * (xmax1 - xmin1);
+  T area2 = (ymax2 - ymin2) * (xmax2 - xmin2);
+  T inter_xmax = xmax1 > xmax2 ? xmax2 : xmax1;
+  T inter_ymax = ymax1 > ymax2 ? ymax2 : ymax1;
+  T inter_xmin = xmin1 > xmin2 ? xmin1 : xmin2;
+  T inter_ymin = ymin1 > ymin2 ? ymin1 : ymin2;
+  T inter_height = inter_ymax - inter_ymin;
+  T inter_width = inter_xmax - inter_xmin;
+  inter_height = inter_height > zero ? inter_height : zero;
+  inter_width = inter_width > zero ? inter_width : zero;
+  T inter_area = inter_width * inter_height;
+  T union_area = area1 + area2 - inter_area;
+  T sim_score = inter_area / union_area;
+  return sim_score;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IOUSimilarityFunctor {
+  IOUSimilarityFunctor(const T* x, const T* y, T* z, int cols)
+      : x_(x), y_(y), z_(z), cols_(static_cast<size_t>(cols)) {}
+
+  inline HOSTDEVICE void operator()(size_t row_id) const {
+    T x_min1 = x_[row_id * 4];
+    T y_min1 = x_[row_id * 4 + 1];
+    T x_max1 = x_[row_id * 4 + 2];
+    T y_max1 = x_[row_id * 4 + 3];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cols_; ++i) {
+      T x_min2 = y_[i * 4];
+      T y_min2 = y_[i * 4 + 1];
+      T x_max2 = y_[i * 4 + 2];
+      T y_max2 = y_[i * 4 + 3];
+
+      T sim = IOUSimilarity(x_min1, y_min1, x_max1, y_max1, x_min2, y_min2,
+                            x_max2, y_max2);
+
+      z_[row_id * cols_ + i] = sim;
+    }
+  }
+  const T* x_;
+  const T* y_;
+  T* z_;
+  const size_t cols_;
+};
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+template <typename DeviceContext, typename T>
+class IOUSimilarityKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    const framework::LoDTensor* in_x = ctx.Input<framework::LoDTensor>("X");
+    const framework::Tensor* in_y = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Y");
+    framework::LoDTensor* out = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+
+    int x_n = in_x->dims()[0];
+    int y_n = in_y->dims()[0];
+    IOUSimilarityFunctor<T> functor(in_x->data<T>(), in_y->data<T>(),
+                                    out->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace()), y_n);
+
+    platform::ForRange<DeviceContext> for_range(
+        static_cast<const DeviceContext&>(ctx.device_context()), x_n);
+    for_range(functor);
+  }
+};  // namespace operators
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/lookup_table_op.cc

@@ -66,6 +66,12 @@ class LookupTableOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
                   "(boolean, default false) "
                   "Sparse update")
         .SetDefault(false);
+    AddAttr<int64_t>("padding_idx",
+                     "(int64, default -1) "
+                     "If the value is -1, it makes no effect to lookup. "
+                     "Otherwise the given value indicates padding the output "
+                     "with zeros whenever lookup encounters it in Ids.")
+        .SetDefault(-1);
     AddComment(R"DOC(
 Lookup Table Operator.
 

paddle/operators/lookup_table_op.cu

@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
-template <typename T, int BlockDimX, int BlockDimY, int GridDimX>
+template <typename T, int BlockDimX, int BlockDimY, int GridDimX,
+          bool PaddingFlag>
 __global__ void LookupTable(T* output, const T* table, const int64_t* ids,
-                            const int64_t N, const int64_t K, const int64_t D) {
+                            const int64_t N, const int64_t K, const int64_t D,
+                            const int64_t padding_idx) {
   int idx = threadIdx.x;
   int idy = blockIdx.x + threadIdx.y * GridDimX;
 
@@ -34,8 +36,15 @@ __global__ void LookupTable(T* output, const T* table, const int64_t* ids,
     T* out = output + idy * D;
     const T* tab = table + id * D;
     for (int i = idx; i < D; i += BlockDimX) {
+      if (PaddingFlag) {
+        if (id == padding_idx)
+          out[i] = static_cast<T>(0);
+        else
+          out[i] = tab[i];
+      } else {
         out[i] = tab[i];
       }
+    }
     idy += BlockDimY * GridDimX;
   }
 }
@@ -67,6 +76,7 @@ class LookupTableCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     auto* table_t = context.Input<LoDTensor>("W");
     auto* ids_t = context.Input<LoDTensor>("Ids");
     auto* output_t = context.Output<LoDTensor>("Out");
+    int64_t padding_idx = context.Attr<int64_t>("padding_idx");
 
     size_t N = table_t->dims()[0];
     size_t D = table_t->dims()[1];
@@ -77,10 +87,17 @@ class LookupTableCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
 
     dim3 threads(128, 8);
     dim3 grids(8, 1);
+
+    if (padding_idx == -1)
+      LookupTable<
+          T, 128, 8, 8,
+          false><<<grids, threads, 0, context.cuda_device_context().stream()>>>(
+          output, table, ids, N, K, D, padding_idx);
+    else
       LookupTable<
-        T, 128, 8,
-        8><<<grids, threads, 0, context.cuda_device_context().stream()>>>(
-        output, table, ids, N, K, D);
+          T, 128, 8, 8,
+          true><<<grids, threads, 0, context.cuda_device_context().stream()>>>(
+          output, table, ids, N, K, D, padding_idx);
   }
 };
 
@@ -91,6 +108,8 @@ class LookupTableGradCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     auto& dev_ctx =
         context.template device_context<platform::CUDADeviceContext>();
     bool is_sparse = context.Attr<bool>("is_sparse");
+    // Since paddings are not trainable and fixed in forward, the gradient of
+    // paddings makes no sense and we don't deal with it in backward.
     if (is_sparse) {
       auto* ids = context.Input<LoDTensor>("Ids");
       auto* table = context.Input<LoDTensor>("W");

paddle/operators/lookup_table_op.h

@@ -32,18 +32,32 @@ class LookupTableKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     auto* table_t = context.Input<LoDTensor>("W");      // float tensor
     auto* ids_t = context.Input<LoDTensor>("Ids");      // int tensor
     auto* output_t = context.Output<LoDTensor>("Out");  // float tensor
+    int64_t padding_idx = context.Attr<int64_t>("padding_idx");
 
     int N = table_t->dims()[0];
     int D = table_t->dims()[1];
     auto* ids = ids_t->data<int64_t>();
     auto* table = table_t->data<T>();
     auto* output = output_t->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
+
+    if (padding_idx == -1) {
+      for (int64_t i = 0; i < ids_t->numel(); ++i) {
+        PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(ids[i], N);
+        PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(ids[i], 0);
+        memcpy(output + i * D, table + ids[i] * D, D * sizeof(T));
+      }
+    } else {
       for (int64_t i = 0; i < ids_t->numel(); ++i) {
+        if (ids[i] == padding_idx) {
+          memset(output + i * D, 0, D * sizeof(T));
+        } else {
           PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(ids[i], N);
           PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(ids[i], 0);
           memcpy(output + i * D, table + ids[i] * D, D * sizeof(T));
         }
       }
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -51,6 +65,8 @@ class LookupTableGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
     bool is_sparse = context.Attr<bool>("is_sparse");
+    // Since paddings are not trainable and fixed in forward, the gradient of
+    // paddings makes no sense and we don't deal with it in backward.
     if (is_sparse) {
       auto* ids = context.Input<LoDTensor>("Ids");
       auto* table = context.Input<LoDTensor>("W");

paddle/operators/nce_op.cc

@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@ class NCEOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
                               "This attribute only be used in unitest. Classes "
                               "in this list wiil be used as negative classes "
                               "for every samples. Under normal conditions, "
-                              "user should avoid setting this attribute.");
+                              "user should avoid setting this attribute.")
+        .SetDefault({});
     AddComment(R"DOC(
 Compute and return the noise-contrastive estimation training loss.
 See [Noise-contrastive estimation: A new estimation principle for unnormalized statistical models](http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v9/gutmann10a/gutmann10a.pdf).

paddle/operators/nce_op.h

@@ -197,7 +197,8 @@ class NCEGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     // get d_x
     auto d_x = context.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Input"));
     if (d_x != nullptr) {
-      d_x->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
+      auto* d_x_data = d_x->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
+      std::fill(d_x_data, d_x_data + d_x->numel(), 0.0);
       auto d_x_matrix = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*d_x);
       auto w_matrix = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*(context.Input<Tensor>("Weight")));
       for (int64_t i = 0; i < sample_labels->numel(); ++i) {

paddle/operators/prior_box_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/prior_box_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+class PriorBoxOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+  void InferShape(framework::InferShapeContext* ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx->HasInput("Input"),
+                   "Input(Input) of PriorBoxOp should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx->HasInput("Image"),
+                   "Input(Image) of PriorBoxOp should not be null.");
+
+    auto image_dims = ctx->GetInputDim("Image");
+    auto input_dims = ctx->GetInputDim("Input");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(image_dims.size() == 4, "The layout of image is NCHW.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(input_dims.size() == 4, "The layout of input is NCHW.");
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(input_dims[2], image_dims[2],
+                      "The height of input must smaller than image.");
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(input_dims[3], image_dims[3],
+                      "The width of input must smaller than image.");
+
+    auto min_sizes = ctx->Attrs().Get<std::vector<int>>("min_sizes");
+    auto max_sizes = ctx->Attrs().Get<std::vector<int>>("max_sizes");
+    auto variances = ctx->Attrs().Get<std::vector<float>>("variances");
+    auto aspect_ratios = ctx->Attrs().Get<std::vector<float>>("aspect_ratios");
+    bool flip = ctx->Attrs().Get<bool>("flip");
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(min_sizes.size(), 0,
+                      "Size of min_sizes must be at least 1.");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < min_sizes.size(); ++i) {
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(min_sizes[i], 0, "min_sizes[%d] must be positive.", i);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<float> aspect_ratios_vec;
+    ExpandAspectRatios(aspect_ratios, flip, aspect_ratios_vec);
+
+    int num_priors = aspect_ratios_vec.size() * min_sizes.size();
+    if (max_sizes.size() > 0) {
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(max_sizes.size(), min_sizes.size(),
+                        "The number of min_size and max_size must be equal.");
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < min_sizes.size(); ++i) {
+        PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(max_sizes[i], min_sizes[i],
+                          "max_size[%d] must be greater than min_size[%d].", i,
+                          i);
+        num_priors += 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(variances.size(), 4, "Must and only provide 4 variance.");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < variances.size(); ++i) {
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(variances[i], 0.0,
+                        "variance[%d] must be greater than 0.", i);
+    }
+
+    const float step_h = ctx->Attrs().Get<float>("step_h");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(step_h, 0.0, "step_h should be larger than 0.");
+    const float step_w = ctx->Attrs().Get<float>("step_w");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(step_w, 0.0, "step_w should be larger than 0.");
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> dim_vec(4);
+    dim_vec[0] = input_dims[2];
+    dim_vec[1] = input_dims[3];
+    dim_vec[2] = num_priors;
+    dim_vec[3] = 4;
+    ctx->SetOutputDim("Boxes", framework::make_ddim(dim_vec));
+    ctx->SetOutputDim("Variances", framework::make_ddim(dim_vec));
+  }
+};
+
+class PriorBoxOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  PriorBoxOpMaker(OpProto* proto, OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("Input",
+             "(Tensor, default Tensor<float>), "
+             "the input feature data of PriorBoxOp, The layout is NCHW.");
+    AddInput("Image",
+             "(Tensor, default Tensor<float>), "
+             "the input image data of PriorBoxOp, The layout is NCHW.");
+    AddOutput("Boxes",
+              "(Tensor, default Tensor<float>), the output prior boxes of "
+              "PriorBoxOp. The layout is [H, W, num_priors, 4]. "
+              "H is the height of input, W is the width of input, num_priors "
+              "is the box count of each position.");
+    AddOutput("Variances",
+              "(Tensor, default Tensor<float>), the expanded variances of "
+              "PriorBoxOp. The layout is [H, W, num_priors, 4]. "
+              "H is the height of input, W is the width of input, num_priors "
+              "is the box count of each position.");
+    AddAttr<std::vector<int>>("min_sizes", "(vector<int>) ",
+                              "List of min sizes of generated prior boxes.");
+    AddAttr<std::vector<int>>("max_sizes", "(vector<int>) ",
+                              "List of max sizes of generated prior boxes.");
+    AddAttr<std::vector<float>>(
+        "aspect_ratios", "(vector<float>) ",
+        "List of aspect ratios of generated prior boxes.");
+    AddAttr<std::vector<float>>(
+        "variances", "(vector<float>) ",
+        "List of variances to be encoded in prior boxes.");
+    AddAttr<bool>("flip", "(bool) ", "Whether to flip aspect ratios.")
+        .SetDefault(true);
+    AddAttr<bool>("clip", "(bool) ", "Whether to clip out-of-boundary boxes.")
+        .SetDefault(true);
+    AddAttr<float>("step_w",
+                   "Prior boxes step across width, 0 for auto calculation.")
+        .SetDefault(0.0);
+    AddAttr<float>("step_h",
+                   "Prior boxes step across height, 0 for auto calculation.")
+        .SetDefault(0.0);
+    AddAttr<float>("offset",
+                   "(float) "
+                   "Prior boxes center offset.")
+        .SetDefault(0.5);
+    AddComment(R"DOC(
+Prior box operator
+Generate prior boxes for SSD(Single Shot MultiBox Detector) algorithm.
+Each position of the input produce N prior boxes, N is determined by
+ the count of min_sizes, max_sizes and aspect_ratios, The size of the
+ box is in range(min_size, max_size) interval, which is generated in
+ sequence according to the aspect_ratios.
+
+Please get more information from the following papers:
+https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.02325.
+)DOC");
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(prior_box, ops::PriorBoxOp, ops::PriorBoxOpMaker);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    prior_box, ops::PriorBoxOpKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>,
+    ops::PriorBoxOpKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, double>);

paddle/operators/prior_box_op.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/math/math_function.h"
+#include "paddle/platform/transform.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+inline void ExpandAspectRatios(const std::vector<float>& input_aspect_ratior,
+                               bool flip,
+                               std::vector<float>& output_aspect_ratior) {
+  constexpr float epsilon = 1e-6;
+  output_aspect_ratior.clear();
+  output_aspect_ratior.push_back(1.);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < input_aspect_ratior.size(); ++i) {
+    float ar = input_aspect_ratior[i];
+    bool already_exist = false;
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < output_aspect_ratior.size(); ++j) {
+      if (fabs(ar - output_aspect_ratior[j]) < epsilon) {
+        already_exist = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!already_exist) {
+      output_aspect_ratior.push_back(ar);
+      if (flip) {
+        output_aspect_ratior.push_back(1. / ar);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ClipFunctor {
+  HOSTDEVICE T operator()(T in) const {
+    return std::min<T>(std::max<T>(in, 0.), 1.);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class PriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    auto* input = ctx.Input<paddle::framework::Tensor>("Input");
+    auto* image = ctx.Input<paddle::framework::Tensor>("Image");
+    auto* boxes = ctx.Output<paddle::framework::Tensor>("Boxes");
+    auto* vars = ctx.Output<paddle::framework::Tensor>("Variances");
+
+    auto min_sizes = ctx.Attr<std::vector<int>>("min_sizes");
+    auto max_sizes = ctx.Attr<std::vector<int>>("max_sizes");
+    auto input_aspect_ratio = ctx.Attr<std::vector<float>>("aspect_ratios");
+    auto variances = ctx.Attr<std::vector<float>>("variances");
+    auto flip = ctx.Attr<bool>("flip");
+    auto clip = ctx.Attr<bool>("clip");
+
+    std::vector<float> aspect_ratios;
+    ExpandAspectRatios(input_aspect_ratio, flip, aspect_ratios);
+
+    T step_w = static_cast<T>(ctx.Attr<float>("step_w"));
+    T step_h = static_cast<T>(ctx.Attr<float>("step_h"));
+    T offset = static_cast<T>(ctx.Attr<float>("offset"));
+
+    auto img_width = image->dims()[3];
+    auto img_height = image->dims()[2];
+
+    auto feature_width = input->dims()[3];
+    auto feature_height = input->dims()[2];
+
+    T step_width, step_height;
+    if (step_w == 0 || step_h == 0) {
+      step_width = static_cast<T>(img_width) / feature_width;
+      step_height = static_cast<T>(img_height) / feature_height;
+    } else {
+      step_width = step_w;
+      step_height = step_h;
+    }
+
+    int num_priors = aspect_ratios.size() * min_sizes.size();
+    if (max_sizes.size() > 0) {
+      num_priors += max_sizes.size();
+    }
+
+    boxes->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    vars->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    auto e_boxes = framework::EigenTensor<T, 4>::From(*boxes);
+    for (int h = 0; h < feature_height; ++h) {
+      for (int w = 0; w < feature_width; ++w) {
+        T center_x = (w + offset) * step_width;
+        T center_y = (h + offset) * step_height;
+        T box_width, box_height;
+        int idx = 0;
+        for (size_t s = 0; s < min_sizes.size(); ++s) {
+          int min_size = min_sizes[s];
+          // first prior: aspect_ratio = 1, size = min_size
+          box_width = box_height = min_size;
+          // xmin
+          e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width / 2.) / img_width;
+          // ymin
+          e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height / 2.) / img_height;
+          // xmax
+          e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width / 2.) / img_width;
+          // ymax
+          e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height / 2.) / img_height;
+
+          idx++;
+          if (max_sizes.size() > 0) {
+            int max_size = max_sizes[s];
+            // second prior: aspect_ratio = 1,
+            // size = sqrt(min_size * max_size)
+            box_width = box_height = sqrt(min_size * max_size);
+            // xmin
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width / 2.) / img_width;
+            // ymin
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height / 2.) / img_height;
+            // xmax
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width / 2.) / img_width;
+            // ymax
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height / 2.) / img_height;
+            idx++;
+          }
+
+          // rest of priors
+          for (size_t r = 0; r < aspect_ratios.size(); ++r) {
+            float ar = aspect_ratios[r];
+            if (fabs(ar - 1.) < 1e-6) {
+              continue;
+            }
+            box_width = min_size * sqrt(ar);
+            box_height = min_size / sqrt(ar);
+            // xmin
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width / 2.) / img_width;
+            // ymin
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height / 2.) / img_height;
+            // xmax
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width / 2.) / img_width;
+            // ymax
+            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height / 2.) / img_height;
+            idx++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (clip) {
+      platform::Transform<platform::CPUDeviceContext> trans;
+      ClipFunctor<T> clip_func;
+      trans(ctx.template device_context<platform::CPUDeviceContext>(),
+            boxes->data<T>(), boxes->data<T>() + boxes->numel(),
+            boxes->data<T>(), clip_func);
+    }
+
+    framework::Tensor var_t;
+    var_t.mutable_data<T>(
+        framework::make_ddim({1, static_cast<int>(variances.size())}),
+        ctx.GetPlace());
+    auto var_et = framework::EigenTensor<T, 2>::From(var_t);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < variances.size(); ++i) {
+      var_et(0, i) = variances[i];
+    }
+
+    int box_num = feature_height * feature_width * num_priors;
+    auto var_dim = vars->dims();
+    vars->Resize({box_num, static_cast<int>(variances.size())});
+
+    auto e_vars = framework::EigenMatrix<T, Eigen::RowMajor>::From(*vars);
+    e_vars = var_et.broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(box_num, 1));
+
+    vars->Resize(var_dim);
+  }
+};  // namespace operators
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/pybind/print_operators_doc.cc

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ std::string AttrType(paddle::framework::proto::AttrType at) {
       return "bool array";
     case paddle::framework::proto::BLOCK:
       return "block id";
+    case paddle::framework::proto::LONG:
+      return "long";
   }
   return "UNKNOWN";  // not possible
 }

paddle/pybind/protobuf.cc

@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ void BindVarDsec(py::module &m) {
              return name;
            },
            py::return_value_policy::reference)
+      .def("set_name", &VarDesc::SetName)
       .def("set_shape", &VarDesc::SetShape)
       .def("set_dtype", &VarDesc::SetDataType)
       .def("shape", &VarDesc::Shape, py::return_value_policy::reference)
@@ -280,7 +281,8 @@ void BindOpDesc(py::module &m) {
       .def("check_attrs", &OpDesc::CheckAttrs)
       .def("infer_shape", &OpDesc::InferShape)
       .def("infer_var_type", &OpDesc::InferVarType)
-      .def("serialize_to_string", SerializeMessage<OpDesc>);
+      .def("serialize_to_string", SerializeMessage<OpDesc>)
+      .def("block", &OpDesc::Block, py::return_value_policy::reference);
 }
 
 }  // namespace pybind

python/paddle/v2/dataset/wmt16.py

@@ -305,9 +305,9 @@ def get_dict(lang, dict_size, reverse=False):
 
     dict_path = os.path.join(paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME,
                              "wmt16/%s_%d.dict" % (lang, dict_size))
-    assert (os.path.exists(dict_path), "Word dictionary does not exist. "
-            "Please invoke paddle.dataset.wmt16.train/test/validation "
-            "first to build the dictionary.")
+    assert os.path.exists(dict_path), "Word dictionary does not exist. "
+    "Please invoke paddle.dataset.wmt16.train/test/validation first "
+    "to build the dictionary."
     tar_file = os.path.join(paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME, "wmt16.tar.gz")
     return __load_dict(tar_file, dict_size, lang, reverse)
 

python/paddle/v2/fluid/layers/nn.py

@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@ from ..layer_helper import LayerHelper
 from ..initializer import Normal, Constant
 from ..framework import Variable
 from ..param_attr import ParamAttr
+from layer_function_generator import autodoc
 from tensor import concat
 
 __all__ = [
     'fc',
     'embedding',
     'dynamic_lstm',
+    'dynamic_gru',
     'gru_unit',
     'linear_chain_crf',
     'crf_decoding',
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ __all__ = [
     'warpctc',
     'sequence_reshape',
     'transpose',
+    'im2sequence',
+    'nce',
 ]
 
 
@@ -181,20 +185,33 @@ def fc(input,
     return helper.append_activation(pre_activation)
 
 
-def embedding(input, size, is_sparse=False, param_attr=None, dtype='float32'):
+def embedding(input,
+              size,
+              is_sparse=False,
+              padding_idx=None,
+              param_attr=None,
+              dtype='float32'):
     """
     **Embedding Layer**
 
-    This layer is used to lookup a vector of IDs, provided by *input*, in a lookup table.
-    The result of this lookup is the embedding of each ID in the *input*.
+    This layer is used to lookup embeddings of IDs, provided by :attr:`input`, in 
+    a lookup table. The result of this lookup is the embedding of each ID in the
+    :attr:`input`.
 
     All the input variables are passed in as local variables to the LayerHelper
     constructor.
 
     Args:
-       input(Variable): Input to the function
-       size(tuple|list|None): Shape of the look up table parameter
-       is_sparse(bool): Boolean flag that specifying whether the input is sparse
+        input(Variable): The tensor variable containing the IDs.
+        size(tuple|list): The shape of the look up table parameter. It should
+            have two elements which indicate the size of the dictionary of
+            embeddings and the size of each embedding vector respectively.
+        is_sparse(bool): The flag indicating whether to use sparse update.
+        padding_idx(int|long|None): If :attr:`None`, it makes no effect to lookup.
+            Otherwise the given :attr:`padding_idx` indicates padding the output
+            with zeros whenever lookup encounters it in :attr:`input`. If 
+            :math:`padding_idx < 0`, the padding_idx to use in lookup is 
+            :math:`size[0] + dim`.
         param_attr(ParamAttr): Parameters for this layer
         dtype(np.dtype|core.DataType|str): The type of data : float32, float_16, int etc
 
@@ -214,12 +231,15 @@ def embedding(input, size, is_sparse=False, param_attr=None, dtype='float32'):
     w = helper.create_parameter(
         attr=helper.param_attr, shape=size, dtype=dtype, is_bias=False)
     tmp = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype)
+    padding_idx = -1 if padding_idx is None else padding_idx if padding_idx >= 0 else (
+        size[0] + padding_idx)
     helper.append_op(
         type='lookup_table',
         inputs={'Ids': input,
                 'W': w},
         outputs={'Out': tmp},
-        attrs={'is_sparse': is_sparse})
+        attrs={'is_sparse': is_sparse,
+               'padding_idx': padding_idx})
     return tmp
 
 
@@ -366,6 +386,113 @@ def dynamic_lstm(input,
     return hidden, cell
 
 
+def dynamic_gru(input,
+                size,
+                param_attr=None,
+                bias_attr=None,
+                is_reverse=False,
+                gate_activation='sigmoid',
+                candidate_activation='tanh',
+                h_0=None):
+    """
+    **Dynamic GRU Layer**
+
+    Refer to `Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on 
+    Sequence Modeling <https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.3555>`_
+    
+    The formula is as follows:
+
+    .. math::
+
+        u_t & = act_g(W_{ux}x_{t} + W_{uh}h_{t-1} + b_u)
+
+        r_t & = act_g(W_{rx}x_{t} + W_{rh}h_{t-1} + b_r)
+
+        \\tilde{h_t} & = act_c(W_{cx}x_{t} + W_{ch}(r_t \odot h_{t-1}) + b_c)
+        
+        h_t & = (1-u_t) \odot h_{t-1} + u_t \odot \\tilde{h_t}
+    
+    The :math:`\odot` is the element-wise product of the vectors. :math:`act_g`
+    is the update gate and reset gate activation function and :math:`sigmoid` 
+    is usually used for it. :math:`act_c` is the activation function for 
+    candidate hidden state and :math:`tanh` is usually used for it.
+
+    Note that these :math:`W_{ux}x_{t}, W_{rx}x_{t}, W_{cx}x_{t}` operations on
+    the input :math:`x_{t}` are NOT included in this operator. Users can choose
+    to use fully-connect layer before GRU layer. 
+
+    Args:
+        input(Variable): The input of dynamic_gru layer, which supports 
+            variable-time length input sequence. The underlying tensor in this 
+            Variable is a matrix with shape :math:`(T \\times 3D)`, where
+            :math:`T` is the total time steps in this mini-batch, :math:`D` 
+            is the hidden size.
+        size(int): The dimension of the gru cell.
+        param_attr(ParamAttr|None): The parameter attribute for the learnable 
+            hidden-hidden weight matrix. Note:
+
+            - The shape of the weight matrix is :math:`(T \\times 3D)`, where 
+              :math:`D` is the hidden size.
+            - All elements in the weight matrix can be divided into two parts. 
+              The first part are weights of the update gate and reset gate with
+              shape :math:`(D \\times 2D)`, and the second part are weights for 
+              candidate hidden state with shape :math:`(D \\times D)`.
+        bias_attr(ParamAttr): The parameter attribute for learnable the 
+            hidden-hidden bias.
+        is_reverse(bool): Whether to compute reversed GRU, default 
+            :attr:`False`.
+        gate_activation(str): The activation for update gate and reset gate.
+            Choices = ["sigmoid", "tanh", "relu", "identity"], default "sigmoid".
+        activation(str): The activation for candidate hidden state. 
+            Choices = ["sigmoid", "tanh", "relu", "identity"], default "tanh".
+
+    Returns:
+        Variable: The hidden state of GRU. The shape is (T \\times D), and lod \
+            is the same with the input.
+    
+    Examples:
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            hidden_dim = 512
+            x = fluid.layers.fc(input=data, size=hidden_dim * 3)
+            hidden = fluid.layers.dynamic_gru(input=x, dim=hidden_dim)
+    """
+
+    helper = LayerHelper('gru', **locals())
+    dtype = helper.input_dtype()
+
+    weight = helper.create_parameter(
+        attr=helper.param_attr, shape=[size, 3 * size], dtype=dtype)
+    bias = helper.create_parameter(
+        attr=helper.bias_attr, shape=[1, 3 * size], dtype=dtype, is_bias=True)
+    inputs = {'Input': input, 'Weight': weight, 'Bias': bias}
+    if h_0 != None:
+        assert h_0.shape == (
+            size, size), 'The shape of h0 should be(%d, %d)' % (size, size)
+        inputs['h0'] = h_0
+
+    hidden = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype)
+    batch_gate = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype)
+    batch_reset_hidden_prev = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype)
+    batch_hidden = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype)
+
+    helper.append_op(
+        type='gru',
+        inputs=inputs,
+        outputs={
+            'Hidden': hidden,
+            'BatchGate': batch_gate,
+            'BatchResetHiddenPrev': batch_reset_hidden_prev,
+            'BatchHidden': batch_hidden
+        },
+        attrs={
+            'is_reverse': is_reverse,
+            'gate_activation': gate_activation,
+            'activation': candidate_activation
+        })
+    return hidden
+
+
 def gru_unit(input,
              hidden,
              size,
@@ -2190,6 +2317,61 @@ def sequence_reshape(input, new_dim):
     return out
 
 
+@autodoc()
+def nce(input,
+        label,
+        num_total_classes,
+        sample_weight=None,
+        param_attr=None,
+        bias_attr=None,
+        num_neg_samples=None):
+    helper = LayerHelper('nce', **locals())
+    assert isinstance(input, Variable)
+    dim = input.shape[1]
+    assert isinstance(label, Variable)
+    num_true_class = label.shape[1]
+    w = helper.create_parameter(
+        attr=helper.param_attr,
+        shape=[num_total_classes, dim],
+        is_bias=False,
+        dtype=input.dtype)
+    b = helper.create_parameter(
+        attr=helper.bias_attr,
+        shape=[num_total_classes, 1],
+        is_bias=True,
+        dtype=input.dtype)
+    cost = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype=input.dtype)
+    sample_logits = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype=input.dtype)
+    sample_labels = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype=label.dtype)
+
+    if num_neg_samples is None:
+        num_neg_samples = 10
+    else:
+        num_neg_samples = int(num_neg_samples)
+
+    attrs = {
+        'num_total_classes': int(num_total_classes),
+        'num_neg_samples': num_neg_samples
+    }
+
+    helper.append_op(
+        type='nce',
+        inputs={
+            'Input': input,
+            'Label': label,
+            'Weight': w,
+            'Bias': b,
+            'SampleWeight': sample_weight if sample_weight is not None else []
+        },
+        outputs={
+            'Cost': cost,
+            'SampleLogits': sample_logits,
+            'SampleLabels': sample_labels
+        },
+        attrs=attrs)
+    return cost / (num_neg_samples + 1)
+
+
 def transpose(x, perm, name=None):
     """
     **transpose Layer**
@@ -2226,3 +2408,128 @@ def transpose(x, perm, name=None):
         outputs={'Out': [out]},
         attrs={'axis': perm})
     return out
+
+
+def im2sequence(input, filter_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, name=None):
+    """
+    Extracts image patches from the input tensor to form a tensor of shape
+    {input.batch_size * output_height * output_width, filter_size_H *
+    filter_size_W * input.channels} which is similar with im2col.
+    This op use filter / kernel to scan images and convert these images to
+    sequences. After expanding, the number of time step are
+    output_height * output_width for an image, in which output_height and
+    output_width are calculated by below equation:
+
+    .. math::
+
+        output\_size = 1 + \
+            (2 * padding + img\_size - block\_size + stride - 1) / stride
+
+    And the dimension of each time step is block_y * block_x * input.channels.
+
+    Args:
+        input (Variable): The input should be a tensor in NCHW format.
+
+        filter_size(int|tuple|None): The filter size. If filter_size is a tuple,
+            it must contain two integers, (filter_size_H, filter_size_W).
+            Otherwise, the filter will be a square.
+
+        stride(int|tuple): The stride size. If stride is a tuple, it must
+            contain two integers, (stride_H, stride_W). Otherwise, the
+            stride_H = stride_W = stride. Default: stride = 1.
+
+        padding(int|tuple): The padding size. If padding is a tuple, it can
+            contain two integers like (padding_H, padding_W) which means
+            padding_up = padding_down = padding_H and
+            padding_left = padding_right = padding_W. Or it can use
+            (padding_up, padding_left, padding_down, padding_right) to indicate
+            paddings of four direction. Otherwise, a scalar padding means
+            padding_up = padding_down = padding_left = padding_right = padding
+            Default: padding = 0.
+
+        name (int): The name of this layer. It is optional.
+
+    Returns:
+        output: The output is a LoDTensor with shape
+        {input.batch_size * output_height * output_width,
+        filter_size_H * filter_size_W * input.channels}.
+        If we regard output as a matrix, each row of this matrix is
+        a step of a sequence.
+
+    Examples:
+
+    As an example:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+            Given:
+
+            x = [[[[ 6.  2.  1.]
+                   [ 8.  3.  5.]
+                   [ 0.  2.  6.]]
+
+                  [[ 2.  4.  4.]
+                   [ 6.  3.  0.]
+                   [ 6.  4.  7.]]]
+
+                 [[[ 6.  7.  1.]
+                   [ 5.  7.  9.]
+                   [ 2.  4.  8.]]
+
+                  [[ 1.  2.  1.]
+                   [ 1.  3.  5.]
+                   [ 9.  0.  8.]]]]
+
+            x.dims = {2, 2, 3, 3}
+
+            And:
+
+            filter = [2, 2]
+            stride = [1, 1]
+            padding = [0, 0]
+
+            Then:
+
+            output.data = [[ 6.  2.  8.  3.  2.  4.  6.  3.]
+                           [ 2.  1.  3.  5.  4.  4.  3.  0.]
+                           [ 8.  3.  0.  2.  6.  3.  6.  4.]
+                           [ 3.  5.  2.  6.  3.  0.  4.  7.]
+                           [ 6.  7.  5.  7.  1.  2.  1.  3.]
+                           [ 7.  1.  7.  9.  2.  1.  3.  5.]
+                           [ 5.  7.  2.  4.  1.  3.  9.  0.]
+                           [ 7.  9.  4.  8.  3.  5.  0.  8.]]
+
+            output.dims = {8, 9}
+
+            output.lod = [[0, 4, 8]]
+
+        The simple usage is:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            output = fluid.layers.im2sequence(input=layer, stride=[1, 1], filter_size=[2, 2])
+
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(filter_size, int):
+        filter_size = [filter_size, filter_size]
+    if isinstance(stride, int):
+        stride = [stride, stride]
+    if isinstance(padding, int):
+        padding = [padding, padding]
+    if len(padding) == 2:
+        padding.append(padding[0])
+        padding.append(padding[1])
+
+    helper = LayerHelper('im2sequence', **locals())
+    out = helper.create_tmp_variable(dtype=helper.input_dtype())
+    helper.append_op(
+        type='im2sequence',
+        inputs={'X': input},
+        outputs={'Out': out},
+        attrs={
+            'kernels': filter_size,
+            'strides': stride,
+            'paddings': padding,
+        })
+    return out

python/paddle/v2/fluid/memory_optimization_transpiler.py

@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ dtype_to_size = {
 
 
 class ControlFlowGraph(object):
-    def __init__(self, Program):
+    def __init__(self, Program, ops, forward_num):
         self._program = Program
-        self._succesors = defaultdict(set)
-        self._presucessors = defaultdict(set)
+        self._ops = ops
+        self._forward_num = forward_num
+        self._successors = defaultdict(set)
+        self._presuccessors = defaultdict(set)
         self._uses = defaultdict(set)
         self._defs = defaultdict(set)
         self._live_in = defaultdict(set)
@@ -45,25 +47,16 @@ class ControlFlowGraph(object):
             self._add(node1, node2)
 
     def _add(self, node1, node2):
-        self._succesors[node1].add(node2)
-        self._presucessors[node2].add(node1)
+        self._successors[node1].add(node2)
+        self._presuccessors[node2].add(node1)
 
     def _build_graph(self):
-        program_desc = self._program.get_desc()
-        block_size = program_desc.num_blocks()
-
-        # TODO(qijun) handle Program with if/while operators
-        self.global_block_desc = program_desc.block(0)
-        self.op_size = self.global_block_desc.op_size()
-
+        self.op_size = len(self._ops)
         op_node_connections = [(i, i + 1) for i in range(self.op_size - 1)]
         self._add_connections(op_node_connections)
-
-        self.ops = [self.global_block_desc.op(i) for i in range(self.op_size)]
-
         for i in range(self.op_size):
-            self._uses[i].update(self.ops[i].input_arg_names())
-            self._defs[i].update(self.ops[i].output_arg_names())
+            self._uses[i].update(self._ops[i].input_arg_names())
+            self._defs[i].update(self._ops[i].output_arg_names())
 
     def _update_graph(self, old_name, new_name, begin_idx=0):
         for i in range(begin_idx, self.op_size):
@@ -103,7 +96,7 @@ class ControlFlowGraph(object):
                 live_out[i] = set(self._live_out[i])
                 self._live_in[i] = self._uses[i] | (
                     self._live_out[i] - self._defs[i])
-                for s in self._succesors[i]:
+                for s in self._successors[i]:
                     self._live_out[i] |= self._live_in[s]
 
             if self._reach_fixed_point(live_in, live_out):
@@ -113,39 +106,76 @@ class ControlFlowGraph(object):
         u = a & b
         return a - u, b - u
 
+    def _has_var(self, block_desc, var_name, is_forward):
+        if is_forward:
+            return block_desc.has_var(str(var_name))
+        else:
+            return block_desc.has_var_recursive(str(var_name))
+
+    def _find_var(self, block_desc, var_name, is_forward):
+        if is_forward:
+            return block_desc.find_var(str(var_name))
+        else:
+            return block_desc.find_var_recursive(str(var_name))
+
     def memory_optimize(self):
+        def check_var_validity(block_desc, x, is_forward):
+            if str(x) == "@EMPTY@":
+                return False
+            if not self._has_var(block_desc, x, is_forward):
+                return False
+            if self._find_var(block_desc, x, is_forward).persistable():
+                return False
+            if self._find_var(
+                    block_desc, x,
+                    is_forward).type() != core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR:
+                return False
+            return True
+
         self._build_graph()
         self._dataflow_analyze()
         self.pool = []
         for i in range(self.op_size):
+            op = self._ops[i]
+            if op.type() == "while" or op.type() == "while_grad":
+                continue
+            block_desc = op.block()
+            is_forward = i < self._forward_num
             if self.pool:
-                out_pair = [(x, self.global_block_desc.var(str(x)).shape())
-                            for x in self._defs[i]]
+                defs_can_optimize = filter(
+                    lambda x: check_var_validity(block_desc, x, is_forward),
+                    self._defs[i])
+                out_pair = [
+                    (x, self._find_var(block_desc, x, is_forward).shape())
+                    for x in defs_can_optimize
+                ]
                 for x, x_shape in out_pair:
-                    if not self.global_block_desc.var(str(x)).persistable():
                     for index, cache_pair in enumerate(self.pool):
                         cache_var = cache_pair[0]
                         cache_shape = cache_pair[1]
                         if x_shape == cache_shape:
-                                x_dtype = self.global_block_desc.var(str(
-                                    x)).dtype()
-                                cache_dtype = self.global_block_desc.var(
-                                    str(cache_var)).dtype()
+                            if self._has_var(block_desc, cache_var, is_forward):
+                                x_dtype = self._find_var(block_desc, x,
+                                                         is_forward).dtype()
+                                cache_dtype = self._find_var(
+                                    block_desc, cache_var, is_forward).dtype()
                                 # TODO(qijun): actually, we should compare dtype_to_size[x_dtype]
                                 # and dtype_to_size[cache_dtype]
                                 if x_dtype == cache_dtype:
-                                    print(
-                                        ("Hit Cache !!!! cache pool index "
+                                    print(("Hit Cache !!!! cache pool index "
                                            "is %d, var name is %s, "
                                            "cached var name is %s, "
                                            "var shape is %s ") %
-                                        (index, x, cache_var, str(cache_shape)))
+                                          (index, x, cache_var,
+                                           str(cache_shape)))
                                     self.pool.pop(index)
+                                    if x == cache_var:
+                                        break
                                     _rename_arg_(
-                                        self.ops, x, cache_var, begin_idx=i)
-                                    self._program.current_block().var(str(
-                                        x)).desc = self.global_block_desc.var(
-                                            str(cache_var))
+                                        self._ops, x, cache_var, begin_idx=i)
+                                    self._program.block(block_desc.id).var(
+                                        str(x)).desc = self._find_var(
+                                            block_desc, cache_var, is_forward)
                                     self._update_graph(
                                         x, cache_var, begin_idx=i)
                                     break
@@ -153,20 +183,70 @@ class ControlFlowGraph(object):
             in_diff, out_diff = self._get_diff(self._live_in[i],
                                                self._live_out[i])
             can_optimize = filter(
-                lambda x: not self.global_block_desc.var(str(x)).persistable(),
+                lambda x: check_var_validity(block_desc, x, is_forward),
                 in_diff)
             if can_optimize:
                 for var_name in can_optimize:
-                    self.pool.append(
-                        (var_name,
-                         self.global_block_desc.var(str(var_name)).shape()))
-
-    def get_program(self):
-        return self._program
+                    self.pool.append((var_name, self._find_var(
+                        block_desc, var_name, is_forward).shape()))
+
+
+def get_cfgs(input_program):
+    ops_list = []
+    pdesc = input_program.get_desc()
+    block_desc = pdesc.block(0)
+    op_size = block_desc.op_size()
+    # Get global block ops
+    ops_list.append(([block_desc.op(i) for i in range(op_size)], op_size))
+
+    while_sub_block_ids = []
+    while_grad_sub_block_ids = []
+    while_pair = []
+
+    for i in range(op_size):
+        op = block_desc.op(i)
+        if op.type() == "while":
+            while_sub_block_ids.append(op.attr("sub_block").id)
+        elif op.type() == "while_grad":
+            while_grad_sub_block_ids.append(op.attr("sub_block").id)
+
+    # Find while/while_grad block pair
+    for grad_id in while_grad_sub_block_ids:
+        parent_id = pdesc.block(grad_id).parent
+        if parent_id in while_sub_block_ids:
+            while_pair.append((parent_id, grad_id))
+            while_sub_block_ids.remove(parent_id)
+
+    # Get while/while_grad block ops
+    for parent_id, grad_id in while_pair:
+        while_block_ops = []
+        while_block = pdesc.block(parent_id)
+        while_block_op_size = while_block.op_size()
+        for i in range(while_block_op_size):
+            while_block_ops.append(while_block.op(i))
+
+        while_grad_block = pdesc.block(grad_id)
+        while_grad_block_op_size = while_grad_block.op_size()
+        for i in range(while_grad_block_op_size):
+            while_block_ops.append(while_grad_block.op(i))
+
+        ops_list.append((while_block_ops, while_block_op_size))
+
+    # Process rest while block ops
+    for parent_id in while_sub_block_ids:
+        while_block_ops = []
+        while_block = pdesc.block(parent_id)
+        while_block_op_size = while_block.op_size()
+        for i in range(while_block_op_size):
+            while_block_ops.append(while_block.op(i))
+
+        ops_list.append((while_block_ops, while_block_op_size))
+
+    cfgs = [ControlFlowGraph(input_program, i, j) for i, j in ops_list]
+    return cfgs
 
 
 def memory_optimize(input_program):
-    graph = ControlFlowGraph(input_program)
-    graph.memory_optimize()
-    result_program = graph.get_program()
-    return result_program
+    cfgs = get_cfgs(input_program)
+    for cfg in cfgs:
+        cfg.memory_optimize()

python/paddle/v2/fluid/nets.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def img_conv_group(input,
                    conv_act=None,
                    param_attr=None,
                    conv_with_batchnorm=False,
-                   conv_batchnorm_drop_rate=None,
+                   conv_batchnorm_drop_rate=0.0,
                    pool_stride=1,
                    pool_type=None,
                    use_cudnn=True):

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/book_memory_optimization/test_memopt_fit_a_line.py

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ import numpy as np
 import paddle.v2 as paddle
 import paddle.v2.fluid as fluid
 
+# need to fix random seed and training data to compare the loss
+# value accurately calculated by the default and the memory optimization
+# version.
+fluid.default_startup_program().random_seed = 111
+
 x = fluid.layers.data(name='x', shape=[13], dtype='float32')
 
 y_predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=x, size=1, act=None)
@@ -28,15 +33,18 @@ avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(x=cost)
 sgd_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.1)
 sgd_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)
 
-# memopt_program = fluid.default_main_program()
-memopt_program = fluid.memory_optimize(fluid.default_main_program())
+fluid.memory_optimize(fluid.default_main_program())
 
 BATCH_SIZE = 200
 
+# fix the order of training data
 train_reader = paddle.batch(
-    paddle.reader.shuffle(
-        paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), buf_size=500),
-    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
+    paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
+
+# train_reader = paddle.batch(
+#     paddle.reader.shuffle(
+#         paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), buf_size=500),
+#     batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
 
 place = fluid.CPUPlace()
 feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(place=place, feed_list=[x, y])
@@ -49,7 +57,7 @@ for pass_id in range(PASS_NUM):
     fluid.io.save_persistables(exe, "./fit_a_line.model/")
     fluid.io.load_persistables(exe, "./fit_a_line.model/")
     for data in train_reader():
-        avg_loss_value, = exe.run(memopt_program,
+        avg_loss_value, = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(),
                                   feed=feeder.feed(data),
                                   fetch_list=[avg_cost])
 

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/book_memory_optimization/test_memopt_image_classification_train.py

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ import sys
 import paddle.v2 as paddle
 import paddle.v2.fluid as fluid
 
+# need to fix random seed and training data to compare the loss
+# value accurately calculated by the default and the memory optimization
+# version.
+fluid.default_startup_program().random_seed = 111
+
 
 def resnet_cifar10(input, depth=32):
     def conv_bn_layer(input, ch_out, filter_size, stride, padding, act='relu'):
@@ -117,31 +122,37 @@ opts = optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)
 
 accuracy = fluid.evaluator.Accuracy(input=predict, label=label)
 
-# memopt_program = fluid.default_main_program()
-memopt_program = fluid.memory_optimize(fluid.default_main_program())
+fluid.memory_optimize(fluid.default_main_program())
 
 BATCH_SIZE = 128
 PASS_NUM = 1
 
+# fix the order of training data
 train_reader = paddle.batch(
-    paddle.reader.shuffle(
-        paddle.dataset.cifar.train10(), buf_size=128 * 10),
-    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
+    paddle.dataset.cifar.train10(), batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
+
+# train_reader = paddle.batch(
+#     paddle.reader.shuffle(
+#         paddle.dataset.cifar.train10(), buf_size=128 * 10),
+#     batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
 
 place = fluid.CPUPlace()
 exe = fluid.Executor(place)
 feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(place=place, feed_list=[images, label])
 exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program())
 
+i = 0
 for pass_id in range(PASS_NUM):
     accuracy.reset(exe)
     for data in train_reader():
-        loss, acc = exe.run(memopt_program,
+        loss, acc = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(),
                             feed=feeder.feed(data),
                             fetch_list=[avg_cost] + accuracy.metrics)
         pass_acc = accuracy.eval(exe)
         print("loss:" + str(loss) + " acc:" + str(acc) + " pass_acc:" + str(
             pass_acc))
         # this model is slow, so if we can train two mini batch, we think it works properly.
+        if i > 2:
             exit(0)
+        i += 1
 exit(1)

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/book_memory_optimization/test_memopt_machine_translation.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import numpy as np
+import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle.v2.fluid as fluid
+import paddle.v2.fluid.core as core
+import paddle.v2.fluid.framework as framework
+import paddle.v2.fluid.layers as layers
+from paddle.v2.fluid.executor import Executor
+
+dict_size = 30000
+source_dict_dim = target_dict_dim = dict_size
+src_dict, trg_dict = paddle.dataset.wmt14.get_dict(dict_size)
+hidden_dim = 32
+word_dim = 16
+IS_SPARSE = True
+batch_size = 10
+max_length = 50
+topk_size = 50
+trg_dic_size = 10000
+
+decoder_size = hidden_dim
+
+# need to fix random seed and training data to compare the loss
+# value accurately calculated by the default and the memory optimization
+# version.
+fluid.default_startup_program().random_seed = 111
+
+
+def encoder_decoder():
+    # encoder
+    src_word_id = layers.data(
+        name="src_word_id", shape=[1], dtype='int64', lod_level=1)
+    src_embedding = layers.embedding(
+        input=src_word_id,
+        size=[dict_size, word_dim],
+        dtype='float32',
+        is_sparse=IS_SPARSE,
+        param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(name='vemb'))
+
+    fc1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=src_embedding, size=hidden_dim * 4, act='tanh')
+    lstm_hidden0, lstm_0 = layers.dynamic_lstm(input=fc1, size=hidden_dim * 4)
+    encoder_out = layers.sequence_last_step(input=lstm_hidden0)
+
+    # decoder
+    trg_language_word = layers.data(
+        name="target_language_word", shape=[1], dtype='int64', lod_level=1)
+    trg_embedding = layers.embedding(
+        input=trg_language_word,
+        size=[dict_size, word_dim],
+        dtype='float32',
+        is_sparse=IS_SPARSE,
+        param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(name='vemb'))
+
+    rnn = fluid.layers.DynamicRNN()
+    with rnn.block():
+        current_word = rnn.step_input(trg_embedding)
+        mem = rnn.memory(init=encoder_out)
+        fc1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=[current_word, mem],
+                              size=decoder_size,
+                              act='tanh')
+        out = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc1, size=target_dict_dim, act='softmax')
+        rnn.update_memory(mem, fc1)
+        rnn.output(out)
+
+    return rnn()
+
+
+def to_lodtensor(data, place):
+    seq_lens = [len(seq) for seq in data]
+    cur_len = 0
+    lod = [cur_len]
+    for l in seq_lens:
+        cur_len += l
+        lod.append(cur_len)
+    flattened_data = np.concatenate(data, axis=0).astype("int64")
+    flattened_data = flattened_data.reshape([len(flattened_data), 1])
+    res = core.LoDTensor()
+    res.set(flattened_data, place)
+    res.set_lod([lod])
+    return res
+
+
+def main():
+    rnn_out = encoder_decoder()
+    label = layers.data(
+        name="target_language_next_word", shape=[1], dtype='int64', lod_level=1)
+    cost = layers.cross_entropy(input=rnn_out, label=label)
+    avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(x=cost)
+
+    optimizer = fluid.optimizer.Adagrad(learning_rate=1e-4)
+    optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)
+
+    fluid.memory_optimize(fluid.default_main_program())
+
+    # fix the order of training data
+    train_data = paddle.batch(
+        paddle.dataset.wmt14.train(dict_size), batch_size=batch_size)
+
+    # train_data = paddle.batch(
+    #     paddle.reader.shuffle(
+    #         paddle.dataset.wmt14.train(dict_size), buf_size=1000),
+    #     batch_size=batch_size)
+
+    place = core.CPUPlace()
+    exe = Executor(place)
+
+    exe.run(framework.default_startup_program())
+
+    batch_id = 0
+    for pass_id in xrange(10):
+        for data in train_data():
+            word_data = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[0], data), place)
+            trg_word = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[1], data), place)
+            trg_word_next = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[2], data), place)
+            outs = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(),
+                           feed={
+                               'src_word_id': word_data,
+                               'target_language_word': trg_word,
+                               'target_language_next_word': trg_word_next
+                           },
+                           fetch_list=[avg_cost])
+            avg_cost_val = np.array(outs[0])
+            print('pass_id=' + str(pass_id) + ' batch=' + str(batch_id) +
+                  " avg_cost=" + str(avg_cost_val))
+            if batch_id > 2:
+                exit(0)
+            batch_id += 1
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_bipartite_match_op.py

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ import numpy as np
 from op_test import OpTest
 
 
-def bipartite_match(distance, match_indices, match_dis):
+def bipartite_match(distance, match_indices, match_dist):
     """Bipartite Matching algorithm.
     Arg:
         distance (numpy.array) : The distance of two entries with shape [M, N].
         match_indices (numpy.array): the matched indices from column to row
             with shape [1, N], it must be initialized to -1.
-        match_dis (numpy.array): The matched distance from column to row
+        match_dist (numpy.array): The matched distance from column to row
             with shape [1, N], it must be initialized to 0.
     """
     match_pair = []
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ def bipartite_match(distance, match_indices, match_dis):
     row_indices = -1 * np.ones((row, ), dtype=np.int)
 
     idx = 0
-    for i, j, dis in match_sorted:
+    for i, j, dist in match_sorted:
         if idx >= row:
             break
-        if match_indices[j] == -1 and row_indices[i] == -1 and dis > 0:
+        if match_indices[j] == -1 and row_indices[i] == -1 and dist > 0:
             match_indices[j] = i
             row_indices[i] = j
-            match_dis[j] = dis
+            match_dist[j] = dist
             idx += 1
 
 
@@ -55,24 +55,24 @@ def batch_bipartite_match(distance, lod):
     n = len(lod) - 1
     m = distance.shape[1]
     match_indices = -1 * np.ones((n, m), dtype=np.int)
-    match_dis = np.zeros((n, m), dtype=np.float32)
+    match_dist = np.zeros((n, m), dtype=np.float32)
     for i in range(len(lod) - 1):
         bipartite_match(distance[lod[i]:lod[i + 1], :], match_indices[i, :],
-                        match_dis[i, :])
-    return match_indices, match_dis
+                        match_dist[i, :])
+    return match_indices, match_dist
 
 
 class TestBipartiteMatchOpForWithLoD(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = 'bipartite_match'
         lod = [[0, 5, 11, 23]]
-        dis = np.random.random((23, 217)).astype('float32')
-        match_indices, match_dis = batch_bipartite_match(dis, lod[0])
+        dist = np.random.random((23, 217)).astype('float32')
+        match_indices, match_dist = batch_bipartite_match(dist, lod[0])
 
-        self.inputs = {'DistMat': (dis, lod)}
+        self.inputs = {'DistMat': (dist, lod)}
         self.outputs = {
             'ColToRowMatchIndices': (match_indices),
-            'ColToRowMatchDis': (match_dis),
+            'ColToRowMatchDis': (match_dist),
         }
 
     def test_check_output(self):
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ class TestBipartiteMatchOpWithoutLoD(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = 'bipartite_match'
         lod = [[0, 8]]
-        dis = np.random.random((8, 17)).astype('float32')
-        match_indices, match_dis = batch_bipartite_match(dis, lod[0])
+        dist = np.random.random((8, 17)).astype('float32')
+        match_indices, match_dist = batch_bipartite_match(dist, lod[0])
 
-        self.inputs = {'DistMat': dis}
+        self.inputs = {'DistMat': dist}
         self.outputs = {
-            'ColToRowMatchIndices': (match_indices),
-            'ColToRowMatchDis': (match_dis),
+            'ColToRowMatchIndices': match_indices,
+            'ColToRowMatchDis': match_dist,
         }
 
     def test_check_output(self):

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_detection_output_op.py

@@ -68,4 +68,6 @@ class TestUnpoolOp(OpTest):
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
+    # FIXME: detection_output_op will be rewritten. This unittest should be
+    # enabled after rewriting.
+    exit(0)  # temporary disable this unittest

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_iou_similarity_op.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import math
+from op_test import OpTest
+
+
+class TestIOUSimilarityOp(OpTest):
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "iou_similarity"
+        self.boxes1 = np.array(
+            [[4.0, 3.0, 7.0, 5.0], [5.0, 6.0, 10.0, 7.0]]).astype('float32')
+        self.boxes2 = np.array([[3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0], [14.0, 14.0, 15.0, 15.0],
+                                [0.0, 0.0, 20.0, 20.0]]).astype('float32')
+        self.output = np.array(
+            [[2.0 / 16.0, 0, 6.0 / 400.0],
+             [1.0 / 16.0, 0.0, 5.0 / 400.0]]).astype('float32')
+
+        self.inputs = {'X': self.boxes1, 'Y': self.boxes2}
+
+        self.outputs = {'Out': self.output}
+
+
+class TestIOUSimilarityOpWithLoD(TestIOUSimilarityOp):
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestIOUSimilarityOpWithLoD, self).setUp()
+        self.boxes1_lod = [[0, 1, 2]]
+        self.output_lod = [[0, 1, 2]]
+
+        self.inputs = {'X': (self.boxes1, self.boxes1_lod), 'Y': self.boxes2}
+        self.outputs = {'Out': (self.output, self.output_lod)}
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_layers.py

@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@ import unittest
 
 import paddle.v2.fluid.layers as layers
 import paddle.v2.fluid.nets as nets
-from paddle.v2.fluid.framework import Program, program_guard
+from paddle.v2.fluid.framework import Program, program_guard, default_main_program
 from paddle.v2.fluid.param_attr import ParamAttr
+import decorators
 
 
 class TestBook(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -225,6 +226,51 @@ class TestBook(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertIsNotNone(out)
         print(str(program))
 
+    def test_im2sequence(self):
+        print("test_im2sequence")
+        program = Program()
+        with program_guard(program):
+            x = layers.data(name='x', shape=[3, 128, 128], dtype='float32')
+            output = layers.im2sequence(
+                input=x, stride=[1, 1], filter_size=[2, 2])
+            self.assertIsNotNone(output)
+        print(str(program))
+
+    @decorators.prog_scope()
+    def test_nce(self):
+        window_size = 5
+        words = []
+        for i in xrange(window_size):
+            words.append(
+                layers.data(
+                    name='word_{0}'.format(i), shape=[1], dtype='int64'))
+
+        dict_size = 10000
+        label_word = int(window_size / 2) + 1
+
+        embs = []
+        for i in xrange(window_size):
+            if i == label_word:
+                continue
+
+            emb = layers.embedding(
+                input=words[i],
+                size=[dict_size, 32],
+                param_attr='emb.w',
+                is_sparse=True)
+
+            embs.append(emb)
+
+        embs = layers.concat(input=embs, axis=1)
+        loss = layers.nce(input=embs,
+                          label=words[label_word],
+                          num_total_classes=dict_size,
+                          param_attr='nce.w',
+                          bias_attr='nce.b')
+        avg_loss = layers.mean(x=loss)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(avg_loss)
+        print(str(default_main_program()))
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_lookup_table_op.py

@@ -33,5 +33,19 @@ class TestLookupTableOp(OpTest):
         self.check_grad(['W'], 'Out', no_grad_set=set('Ids'))
 
 
+class TestLookupTableOpWithPadding(TestLookupTableOp):
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        ids = np.squeeze(self.inputs['Ids'])
+        padding_idx = np.random.choice(ids, 1)[0]
+        self.outputs['Out'][ids == padding_idx] = np.zeros(31)
+        self.attrs = {'padding_idx': long(padding_idx)}
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def test_check_grad(self):
+        # Since paddings are not trainable and fixed in forward, the gradient of 
+        # paddings makes no sense and we don't test the gradient here.
+        pass
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_nce.py

@@ -109,4 +109,6 @@ class TestNCECase1(TestNCE):
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # FIXME(qijun) https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/issues/7778
+    exit(0)
     unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_prior_box_op.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import math
+from op_test import OpTest
+
+
+class TestPriorBoxOp(OpTest):
+    def set_data(self):
+        self.init_test_params()
+        self.init_test_input()
+        self.init_test_output()
+        self.inputs = {'Input': self.input, 'Image': self.image}
+
+        self.attrs = {
+            'min_sizes': self.min_sizes,
+            'max_sizes': self.max_sizes,
+            'aspect_ratios': self.aspect_ratios,
+            'variances': self.variances,
+            'flip': self.flip,
+            'clip': self.clip,
+            'step_w': self.step_w,
+            'step_h': self.step_h,
+            'offset': self.offset
+        }
+
+        self.outputs = {'Boxes': self.out_boxes, 'Variances': self.out_var}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def test_check_grad(self):
+        return
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "prior_box"
+        self.set_data()
+
+    def init_test_params(self):
+        self.layer_w = 4
+        self.layer_h = 4
+
+        self.image_w = 20
+        self.image_h = 20
+
+        self.step_w = float(self.image_w) / float(self.layer_w)
+        self.step_h = float(self.image_h) / float(self.layer_h)
+
+        self.input_channels = 2
+        self.image_channels = 3
+        self.batch_size = 10
+
+        self.min_sizes = [2, 4]
+        self.min_sizes = np.array(self.min_sizes).astype('int64')
+        self.max_sizes = [5, 10]
+        self.max_sizes = np.array(self.max_sizes).astype('int64')
+        self.aspect_ratios = [2.0, 3.0]
+        self.flip = True
+        self.real_aspect_ratios = [1, 2.0, 1.0 / 2.0, 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0]
+        self.aspect_ratios = np.array(
+            self.aspect_ratios, dtype=np.float).flatten()
+        self.variances = [0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2]
+        self.variances = np.array(self.variances, dtype=np.float).flatten()
+
+        self.clip = True
+
+        self.num_priors = len(self.real_aspect_ratios) * len(self.min_sizes)
+        if len(self.max_sizes) > 1:
+            self.num_priors += len(self.max_sizes)
+        self.offset = 0.5
+
+    def init_test_input(self):
+        self.image = np.random.random(
+            (self.batch_size, self.image_channels, self.image_w,
+             self.image_h)).astype('float32')
+
+        self.input = np.random.random(
+            (self.batch_size, self.input_channels, self.layer_w,
+             self.layer_h)).astype('float32')
+
+    def init_test_output(self):
+        out_dim = (self.layer_h, self.layer_w, self.num_priors, 4)
+        out_boxes = np.zeros(out_dim).astype('float32')
+        out_var = np.zeros(out_dim).astype('float32')
+
+        idx = 0
+        for h in range(self.layer_h):
+            for w in range(self.layer_w):
+                c_x = (w + self.offset) * self.step_w
+                c_y = (h + self.offset) * self.step_h
+                idx = 0
+                for s in range(len(self.min_sizes)):
+                    min_size = self.min_sizes[s]
+                    c_w = c_h = min_size / 2.
+                    out_boxes[h, w, idx, :] = [
+                        (c_x - c_w) / self.image_w, (c_y - c_h) / self.image_h,
+                        (c_x + c_w) / self.image_w, (c_y + c_h) / self.image_h
+                    ]
+                    idx += 1
+
+                    if len(self.max_sizes) > 0:
+                        max_size = self.max_sizes[s]
+                        # second prior: aspect_ratio = 1,
+                        c_w = c_h = math.sqrt(min_size * max_size) / 2
+                        out_boxes[h, w, idx, :] = [(c_x - c_w) / self.image_w,
+                                                   (c_y - c_h) / self.image_h,
+                                                   (c_x + c_w) / self.image_w,
+                                                   (c_y + c_h) / self.image_h]
+                        idx += 1
+
+                    # rest of priors
+                    for r in range(len(self.real_aspect_ratios)):
+                        ar = self.real_aspect_ratios[r]
+                        if math.fabs(ar - 1.) < 1e-6:
+                            continue
+                        c_w = min_size * math.sqrt(ar) / 2
+                        c_h = (min_size / math.sqrt(ar)) / 2
+                        out_boxes[h, w, idx, :] = [(c_x - c_w) / self.image_w,
+                                                   (c_y - c_h) / self.image_h,
+                                                   (c_x + c_w) / self.image_w,
+                                                   (c_y + c_h) / self.image_h]
+                        idx += 1
+        # clip the prior's coordidate such that it is within[0, 1]
+        if self.clip:
+            out_boxes = np.clip(out_boxes, 0.0, 1.0)
+        # set the variance.
+        out_var = np.tile(self.variances, (self.layer_h, self.layer_w,
+                                           self.num_priors, 1))
+        self.out_boxes = out_boxes.astype('float32')
+        self.out_var = out_var.astype('float32')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/image.py

@@ -319,11 +319,11 @@ def simple_transform(im,
     """
     im = resize_short(im, resize_size)
     if is_train:
-        im = random_crop(im, crop_size)
+        im = random_crop(im, crop_size, is_color=is_color)
         if np.random.randint(2) == 0:
             im = left_right_flip(im)
     else:
-        im = center_crop(im, crop_size)
+        im = center_crop(im, crop_size, is_color=is_color)
     if len(im.shape) == 3:
         im = to_chw(im)