creation.py

#   Copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from __future__ import print_function
from ..fluid.framework import Variable
from ..fluid.initializer import Constant
from ..fluid.layers import core
from ..fluid.layer_helper import LayerHelper
from ..fluid.data_feeder import check_variable_and_dtype, check_type, check_dtype, convert_dtype
from ..fluid.framework import convert_np_dtype_to_dtype_, in_dygraph_mode, _varbase_creator, device_guard, OpProtoHolder
from ..fluid.layers import fill_constant
from paddle.common_ops_import import *
import paddle

# TODO: define functions to get create a tensor  
from ..fluid.layers import crop_tensor  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import diag  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import fill_constant  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import create_tensor  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import linspace  #DEFINE_ALIAS
import paddle

__all__ = [
    'create_tensor',
    #       'create_lod_tensor',
    #       'create_random_int_lodtensor',
    'crop_tensor',
    'diag',
    'eye',
    'fill_constant',
    #       'get_tensor_from_selected_rows',
    'linspace',
    'ones',
    'ones_like',
    'zeros',
    'zeros_like',
    'arange',
    'eye',
    'full',
    'full_like',
    'triu',
    'tril',
    'meshgrid'
]


def full_like(x, fill_value, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.full_like
	:alias: paddle.tensor.full_like, paddle.tensor.creation.full_like

    This function creates a tensor filled with ``fill_value`` which has identical shape of ``x`` and ``dtype``.
    If the ``dtype`` is None, the data type of Tensor is same with ``x``.

    Args:
        x(Tensor): The input tensor which specifies shape and data type. The data type can be bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64.
        fill_value(bool|float|int): The value to fill the tensor with. Note: this value shouldn't exceed the range of the output data type.
        dtype(np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType|str, optional): The data type of output. The data type can be one
            of bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64. The default value is None, which means the output 
            data type is the same as input.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no need for user to set this property. For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`
    
    Returns:
        Tensor: Tensor which is created according to ``x``, ``fill_value`` and ``dtype``.
    
    Raises:
        TypeError: The data type of ``x`` must be one of bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64.
        TypeError: The ``dtype`` must be one of bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64 and None.
    
    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

          import paddle
          import numpy as np
          
          paddle.enable_imperative()  # Now we are in imperative mode 
          input = paddle.full(shape=[2, 3], fill_value=0.0, dtype='float32', name='input')
          output = paddle.full_like(input, 2.0)
          # [[2. 2. 2.]
          #  [2. 2. 2.]]
    """

    if dtype is None:
        dtype = x.dtype
    else:
        if not isinstance(dtype, core.VarDesc.VarType):
            dtype = convert_np_dtype_to_dtype_(dtype)

    if in_dygraph_mode():
        return core.ops.fill_any_like(x, 'value', fill_value, 'dtype', dtype)

    helper = LayerHelper("full_like", **locals())
    check_variable_and_dtype(
        x, 'x', ['bool', 'float16', 'float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'],
        'full_like')
    check_dtype(dtype, 'dtype',
                ['bool', 'float16', 'float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'],
                'full_like/zeros_like/ones_like')
    out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(dtype=dtype)

    helper.append_op(
        type='fill_any_like',
        inputs={'X': [x]},
        attrs={'value': fill_value,
               "dtype": dtype},
        outputs={'Out': [out]})
    out.stop_gradient = True
    return out


def ones(shape, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.ones
	:alias: paddle.tensor.ones, paddle.tensor.creation.ones

    The OP creates a tensor of specified :attr:`shape` and :attr:`dtype`, and fills it with 1.

    Args:
        shape(tuple|list|Tensor): Shape of the Tensor to be created, the data type of shape is int32 or int64.
        dtype(np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType|str, optional): Data type of output Tensor, it supports
            bool, float16, float32, float64, int32 and int64. Default: if None, the data type is 'float32'.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no need for user to set this property. For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`
    
    Returns:
        Tensor: A tensor of data type :attr:`dtype` with shape :attr:`shape` and all elements set to 1.

    Raises:
        TypeError: The ``dtype`` must be one of bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64 and None
            and the data type of out Tensor must be the same as the dtype. 
        TypeError: The ``shape`` must be one of list, tuple and Tensor. The data type of ``shape`` must
            be int32 or int64 when it's a Tensor.
    
    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

          import paddle 
          paddle.enable_imperative()
          
          # default dtype for ones OP
          data1 = paddle.ones(shape=[3, 2]) 
          # [[1. 1.]
          #  [1. 1.]
          #  [1. 1.]]
          
          data2 = paddle.ones(shape=[2, 2], dtype='int32') 
          # [[1 1]
          #  [1 1]]
          
          # shape is a Tensor
          shape = paddle.fill_constant(shape=[2], dtype='int32', value=2)
          data3 = paddle.ones(shape=shape, dtype='int32') 
          # [[1 1]
          #  [1 1]]
    """
    if dtype is None:
        dtype = 'float32'
    return fill_constant(value=1.0, shape=shape, dtype=dtype, name=name)


def ones_like(x, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.ones_like
	:alias: paddle.tensor.ones_like, paddle.tensor.creation.ones_like

    This OP returns a Tensor filled with the value 1, with the same shape and
    data type (use ``dtype`` if ``dtype`` is not None) as ``x``.

    Args:
        x(Tensor): The input tensor which specifies shape and dtype. The
            dtype of ``x`` can be bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64.
        dtype(str|np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType, optional): The data type of the
            output tensor. Supported data types: bool, float16, float32, float64,
            int32, int64. If ``dtype`` is None, the data type is the same as ``x``.
            Default is None.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no
            need for user to set this property. For more information, please
            refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns:
        Tensor: A Tensor filled with the value 1, with the same shape and
        data type (use ``dtype`` if ``dtype`` is not None) as ``x``.

    Raise:
        TypeError: If ``dtype`` is not None and is not bool, float16, float32,
            float64, int32 or int64.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

        import paddle
        import numpy as np

        paddle.enable_imperative()

        x = paddle.imperative.to_variable(np.array([1,2,3], dtype='float32'))
        out1 = paddle.zeros_like(x) # [1., 1., 1.]
        out2 = paddle.zeros_like(x, dtype='int32') # [1, 1, 1]

    """
    return full_like(x=x, fill_value=1, dtype=dtype, name=name)


def zeros(shape, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.zeros
	:alias: paddle.tensor.zeros, paddle.tensor.creation.zeros

    The OP creates a tensor of specified :attr:`shape` and :attr:`dtype`, and fills it with 0.

    Args:
        shape(tuple|list|Tensor): Shape of the Tensor to be created, the data type of ``shape`` is int32 or int64.
        dtype(np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType|str, optional): Data type of output Tensor, it supports
            bool, float16, float32, float64, int32 and int64. Default: if None, the date type is float32.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None.  Normally there is no need for user to set this
            property.  For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns:
        Tensor: A tensor of data type :attr:`dtype` with shape :attr:`shape` and all elements set to 0.

    Raises:
        TypeError: The ``dtype`` must be one of bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64 and None
            and the data type of out Tensor must be the same as the dtype. 
        TypeError: The ``shape`` must be one of list, tuple and Tensor. The data type of ``shape`` must
            be int32 or int64 when it's a Tensor.
    
    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

          import paddle
          
          paddle.enable_imperative()  # Now we are in imperative mode
          data = paddle.zeros(shape=[3, 2], dtype='float32') 
          # [[0. 0.]
          #  [0. 0.]
          #  [0. 0.]]
          data = paddle.zeros(shape=[2, 2]) 
          # [[0. 0.]
          #  [0. 0.]]
          
          # shape is a Tensor
          shape = paddle.fill_constant(shape=[2], dtype='int32', value=2)
          data3 = paddle.ones(shape=shape, dtype='int32') 
          # [[0 0]
          #  [0 0]]
    """
    if dtype is None:
        dtype = 'float32'
    return fill_constant(value=0.0, shape=shape, dtype=dtype, name=name)


def zeros_like(x, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.zeros_like
	:alias: paddle.tensor.zeros_like, paddle.tensor.creation.zeros_like

    This OP returns a Tensor filled with the value 0, with the same shape and
    data type (use ``dtype`` if ``dtype`` is not None) as ``x``.

    Args:
        x(Tensor): The input tensor which specifies shape and dtype. The
            dtype of ``x`` can be bool, float16, float32, float64, int32, int64.
        dtype(str|np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType, optional): The data type of the
            output tensor. Supported data types: bool, float16, float32, float64,
            int32, int64. If ``dtype`` is None, the data type is the same as ``x``.
            Default is None.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no
            need for user to set this property. For more information, please
            refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns:
        Tensor: A Tensor filled with the value 0, with the same shape and
        data type (use ``dtype`` if ``dtype`` is not None) as ``x``.

    Raise:
        TypeError: If ``dtype`` is not None and is not bool, float16, float32,
            float64, int32 or int64.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

        import paddle
        import numpy as np

        paddle.enable_imperative()

        x = paddle.imperative.to_variable(np.array([1,2,3], dtype='float32'))
        out1 = paddle.zeros_like(x) # [0., 0., 0.]
        out2 = paddle.zeros_like(x, dtype='int32') # [0, 0, 0]

    """
    return full_like(x=x, fill_value=0, dtype=dtype, name=name)


def eye(num_rows, num_columns=None, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.eye
	:alias: paddle.tensor.eye, paddle.tensor.creation.eye
    
    This function constructs 2-D Tensor with ones on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere.

    Args:
        num_rows(int): the number of rows in each batch Tensor.
        num_columns(int, optional): the number of columns in each batch Tensor.
            If None, default: num_rows.
        dtype(np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType|str, optional): The data type of the returned Tensor.
            It should be int32, int64, float16, float32, float64. Default: if None, the data type
            is float32.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None.  Normally there is no need for 
            user to set this property.  For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`

    Returns:
        Tensor: An identity Tensor or LoDTensor of shape [num_rows, num_columns].
    
    Raises:
        TypeError: The ``dtype`` must be one of float16, float32, float64, int32 int64 and None.
        TypeError: The ``num_columns`` must be non-negative int.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python
          
          import paddle

          paddle.enable_imperative()  # Now we are in imperative mode
          data = paddle.eye(3, dtype='int32')
          # [[1 0 0]
          #  [0 1 0]
          #  [0 0 1]]
          data = paddle.eye(2, 3, dtype='int32')
          # [[1 0 0]
          #  [0 1 0]]
    """

    if dtype is None:
        dtype = 'float32'
    if num_columns is None:
        num_columns = num_rows
    return paddle.fluid.layers.eye(num_rows=num_rows,
                                   num_columns=num_columns,
                                   batch_shape=None,
                                   dtype=dtype,
                                   name=name)


def full(shape, fill_value, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.full
	:alias: paddle.tensor.full, paddle.tensor.creation.full

    This Op return a Tensor with the ``fill_value`` which size is same as ``shape``.
    
    Args:
        shape(list|tuple|Tensor): Shape of the Tensor to be created.
                The data type is ``int32`` or ``int64`` . If ``shape`` is a list or tuple,
                the elements of it should be integers or Tensors with shape [1].
                If ``shape`` is an Tensor, it should be an 1-D Tensor .
        fill_value(bool|float|int|Tensor): The constant value
            used to initialize the Tensor to be created. If ``fill_value`` is an Tensor, it must be an 1-D Tensor.
        dtype(np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType|str, optional): Data type of the output Tensor
            which can be float16, float32, float64, int32, int64, if dytpe is `None`, the data
            type of created Tensor is `float32`
        name(str, optional): The default value is None.  Normally there is no need for user to set this
            property.  For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.
    
    Returns:
        Tensor: Tensor which is created according to ``shape``, ``fill_value`` and ``dtype``.

    Raises:
        TypeError: The ``dtype`` must be one of None, bool, float16, float32, float64, int32 and int64.
        TypeError: The ``shape`` must be one of Tensor, list and tuple. The data type of ``shape`` must
            be int32 or int64 when the it's a Tensor
    
    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

          import paddle

          paddle.enable_imperative()  # Now we are in imperative mode
          data1 = paddle.full(shape=[2,1], fill_value=0, dtype='int64') 
          #[[0]
          # [0]]

          # attr shape is a list which contains Tensor.
          positive_2 = paddle.fill_constant([1], "int32", 2)
          data3 = paddle.full(shape=[1, positive_2], dtype='float32', fill_value=1.5)
          # [[1.5 1.5]]

          # attr shape is a Tensor.
          shape = paddle.fill_constant([2], "int32", 2)
          data4 = paddle.full(shape=shape, dtype='bool', fill_value=True) 
          # [[True True] 
          #  [True True]]
          
          # attr fill_value is a Tensor.
          val = paddle.fill_constant([1], "float32", 2.0)
          data5 = paddle.full(shape=[2,1], fill_value=val, dtype='float32')
          # [[2.0] 
          #  [2.0]]
    """

    if dtype is None:
        dtype = 'float32'

    return fill_constant(shape=shape, dtype=dtype, value=fill_value, name=name)


def arange(start=0, end=None, step=1, dtype=None, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.arange
	:alias: paddle.tensor.arange, paddle.tensor.creation.arange

    This OP returns a 1-D Tensor with spaced values within a given interval.

    Values are generated into the half-open interval [``start``, ``end``) with
    the ``step``. (the interval including ``start`` but excluding ``end``).

    If ``dtype`` is float32 or float64, we advise adding a small epsilon to
    ``end`` to avoid floating point rounding errors when comparing against ``end``.

    Parameters:
        start(float|int|Tensor): Start of interval. The interval includes this
            value. If ``end`` is None, the half-open interval is [0, ``start``).
            If ``start`` is a Tensor, it is a 1-D Tensor with shape [1], with
            data type int32, int64, float32, float64. Default is 0.
        end(float|int|Tensor, optional): End of interval. The interval does not
            include this value. If ``end`` is a Tensor, it is a 1-D Tensor with
            shape [1], with data type int32, int64, float32, float64. If ``end``
            is None, the half-open interval is [0, ``start``). Default is None.
        step(float|int|Tensor, optional): Spacing between values. For any out,
            it is the istance between two adjacent values, out[i+1] - out[i].
            If ``step`` is a Tensor, it is a 1-D Tensor with shape [1], with
            data type int32, int64, float32, float64. Default is 1.
        dtype(str|np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType, optional): The data type of the
            output tensor. Supported data types: int32, int64, float32, float64.
            If ``dytpe`` is None, the data type is float32. Default is None.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no
            need for user to set this property. For more information, please
            refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns: 
        Tensor: A 1-D Tensor with values from the interval [``start``, ``end``)
            taken with common difference ``step`` beginning from ``start``. Its
            data type is set by ``dtype``.

    Raises:
        TypeError: If ``dtype`` is not int32, int64, float32, float64.

    examples:

        .. code-block:: python

        import paddle
        import numpy as np

        paddle.enable_imperative()

        out1 = paddle.arange(5)
        # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

        out2 = paddle.arange(3, 9, 2.0)
        # [3, 5, 7]

        # use 4.999 instead of 5.0 to avoid floating point rounding errors
        out3 = paddle.arange(4.999, dtype='float32')
        # [0., 1., 2., 3., 4.]

        start_var = paddle.imperative.to_variable(np.array([3]))
        out4 = paddle.arange(start_var, 7)
        # [3, 4, 5, 6]
             
    """
    if dtype is None:
        dtype = 'int64'
    if end is None:
        end = start
        start = 0

    return paddle.fluid.layers.range(start, end, step, dtype, name)


def _tril_triu_op(helper):
    """Base op of tril_op and triu_op
    """
    op_type = helper.layer_type
    x = helper.kwargs.get('input', None)

    assert x is not None, 'x cannot be None in {}'.format(op_type)
    check_variable_and_dtype(x, 'x', ['float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'],
                             op_type)
    if len(x.shape) < 2:
        raise ValueError("input shape in {} must be at least 2-D".format(
            op_type))
    diagonal = helper.kwargs.get('diagonal', 0)
    if not isinstance(diagonal, (int, )):
        raise TypeError("diagonal in {} must be a python Int".format(op_type))
    name = helper.kwargs.get('name', None)

    if name is None:
        out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(dtype=x.dtype)
    else:
        out = helper.create_variable(
            name=name, dtype=x.dtype, persistable=False)

    helper.append_op(
        type="tril_triu",
        inputs={"X": x},
        attrs={
            "diagonal": diagonal,
            "lower": True if op_type == 'tril' else False,
        },
        outputs={"Out": out}, )

    return out


def tril(input, diagonal=0, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.tril
	:alias: paddle.tril,paddle.tensor.tril,paddle.tensor.creation.tril

    This op returns the lower triangular part of a matrix (2-D tensor) or batch
    of matrices :attr:`input`, the other elements of the result tensor are set 
    to 0. The lower triangular part of the matrix is defined as the elements 
    on and below the diagonal.

    Args:
        input (Variable): The input variable which is a Tensor.
            Support data types: ``float64``, ``float32``, ``int32``, ``int64``.
        diagonal (int, optional): The diagonal to consider, default value is 0.
            If :attr:`diagonal` = 0, all elements on and below the main diagonal are
            retained. A positive value includes just as many diagonals above the main
            diagonal, and similarly a negative value excludes just as many diagonals below
            the main diagonal. The main diagonal are the set of indices
            :math:`\{(i, i)\}` for :math:`i \in [0, \min\{d_{1}, d_{2}\} - 1]` where
            :math:`d_{1}, d_{2}` are the dimensions of the matrix.
        name (str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no need for
            user to set this property. For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns:
        Variable: Tensor, results of lower triangular operation by the specified diagonal of input tensor,
        it's data type is the same as input's Tensor.

    Raises:
        TypeError: diagonal is not a int type.
        ValueError: dimension of :attr:`input` is less than 2.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

            import numpy as np
            import paddle.tensor as tensor
            import paddle.fluid as fluid

            data = np.arange(1, 13, dtype="int64").reshape(3,-1)
            # array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4],
            #        [ 5,  6,  7,  8],
            #        [ 9, 10, 11, 12]])
            x = fluid.data(shape=(-1, 4), dtype='int64', name='x')
            exe = fluid.Executor(fluid.CPUPlace())

            # example 1, default diagonal
            tril = tensor.tril(x)
            tril_out, = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(), feed={"x": data},
                fetch_list=[tril], return_numpy=True)
            # array([[ 1,  0,  0,  0],
            #        [ 5,  6,  0,  0],
            #        [ 9, 10, 11,  0]])

            # example 2, positive diagonal value
            tril = tensor.tril(x, diagonal=2)
            tril_out, = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(), feed={"x": data},
                fetch_list=[tril], return_numpy=True)
            # array([[ 1,  2,  3,  0], 
            #        [ 5,  6,  7,  8],
            #        [ 9, 10, 11, 12]])

            # example 3, negative diagonal value
            tril = tensor.tril(x, diagonal=-1)
            tril_out, = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(), feed={"x": data},
                fetch_list=[tril], return_numpy=True)
            # array([[ 0,  0,  0,  0],
            #        [ 5,  0,  0,  0],
            #        [ 9, 10,  0,  0]])

    """
    if in_dygraph_mode():
        op = getattr(core.ops, 'tril_triu')
        return op(input, 'diagonal', diagonal, "lower", True)

    return _tril_triu_op(LayerHelper('tril', **locals()))


def triu(input, diagonal=0, name=None):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.triu
	:alias: paddle.triu,paddle.tensor.triu,paddle.tensor.creation.triu

    This op returns the upper triangular part of a matrix (2-D tensor) or batch of matrices
    :attr:`input`, the other elements of the result tensor are set to 0.
    The upper triangular part of the matrix is defined as the elements on and
    above the diagonal.

    Args:
        input (Variable): The input variable which is a Tensor.
            Support data types: ``float64``, ``float32``, ``int32``, ``int64``.
        diagonal (int, optional): The diagonal to consider, default value is 0.
            If :attr:`diagonal` = 0, all elements on and above the main diagonal are
            retained. A positive value excludes just as many diagonals above the main
            diagonal, and similarly a negative value includes just as many diagonals below
            the main diagonal. The main diagonal are the set of indices
            :math:`\{(i, i)\}` for :math:`i \in [0, \min\{d_{1}, d_{2}\} - 1]` where
            :math:`d_{1}, d_{2}` are the dimensions of the matrix.
        name (str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no need for
            user to set this property. For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns:
        Variable: Tensor, results of upper triangular operation by the specified diagonal of input tensor,
        it's data type is the same as input's Tensor.

    Raises:
        TypeError: diagonal is not a int type.
        ValueError: dimension of :attr:`input` is less than 2.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

            import numpy as np
            import paddle.fluid as fluid
            import paddle.tensor as tensor

            data = np.arange(1, 13, dtype="int64").reshape(3,-1)
            # array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4],
            #        [ 5,  6,  7,  8],
            #        [ 9, 10, 11, 12]])
            x = fluid.data(shape=(-1, 4), dtype='int64', name='x')
            exe = fluid.Executor(fluid.CPUPlace())

            # example 1, default diagonal
            triu = tensor.triu(x)
            triu_out, = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(), feed={"x": data},
                fetch_list=[triu], return_numpy=True)
            # array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4],
            #        [ 0,  6,  7,  8],
            #        [ 0,  0, 11, 12]])

            # example 2, positive diagonal value
            triu = tensor.triu(x, diagonal=2)
            triu_out, = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(), feed={"x": data},
                fetch_list=[triu], return_numpy=True)
            # array([[0, 0, 3, 4],
            #        [0, 0, 0, 8],
            #        [0, 0, 0, 0]])

            # example 3, negative diagonal value
            triu = tensor.triu(x, diagonal=-1)
            triu_out, = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(), feed={"x": data},
                fetch_list=[triu], return_numpy=True)
            # array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4],
            #        [ 5,  6,  7,  8],
            #        [ 0, 10, 11, 12]])

    """
    if in_dygraph_mode():
        op = getattr(core.ops, 'tril_triu')
        return op(input, 'diagonal', diagonal, "lower", False)

    return _tril_triu_op(LayerHelper('triu', **locals()))


def meshgrid(*args, **kwargs):
    """
	:alias_main: paddle.meshgrid
	:alias: paddle.meshgrid,paddle.tensor.meshgrid,paddle.tensor.creation.meshgrid

    This op takes a list of N tensors as input *args, each of which is 1-dimensional 
    vector, and creates N-dimensional grids.
    
    Args:
        *args(Variable|list of Variable) : tensors (tuple(list) of tensor): the shapes of input k tensors are (N1,), 
            (N2,),..., (Nk,). Support data types: ``float64``, ``float32``, ``int32``, ``int64``.
        **kwargs (optional): Currently, we only accept name in **kwargs 
            The default value is None. Normally there is no need for
            user to set this property. For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.
 
    Returns:
         Variable: k tensors. The shape of each tensor is (N1, N2, ..., Nk)

    Examples:
      .. code-block:: python

          import paddle
          import paddle.fluid as fluid
          import numpy as np

          x = fluid.data(name='x', shape=[100], dtype='int32')
          y = fluid.data(name='y', shape=[200], dtype='int32')

          input_1 = np.random.randint(0, 100, [100, ]).astype('int32')
          input_2 = np.random.randint(0, 100, [200, ]).astype('int32')

          exe = fluid.Executor(place=fluid.CPUPlace())
          grid_x, grid_y = paddle.tensor.meshgrid(x, y)
          res_1, res_2 = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(),
                                 feed={'x': input_1,
                                       'y': input_2},
                                 fetch_list=[grid_x, grid_y])
     
          #the shape of res_1 is (100, 200)
          #the shape of res_2 is (100, 200)

      .. code-block:: python

          #example 2: in dygraph mode

          import paddle
          import numpy as np
          
          paddle.enable_imperative()

          input_3 = np.random.randint(0, 100, [100, ]).astype('int32')
          input_4 = np.random.randint(0, 100, [200, ]).astype('int32')
          tensor_3 = paddle.imperative.to_variable(input_3)
          tensor_4 = paddle.imperative.to_variable(input_4)
          grid_x, grid_y = paddle.tensor.meshgrid(tensor_3, tensor_4)

          #the shape of grid_x is (100, 200)
          #the shape of grid_y is (100, 200)

    """

    if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], (list, tuple)):
        args = args[0]
    if in_dygraph_mode():
        num = len(args)
        out = core.ops.meshgrid(list(args), num)
        return out

    name = kwargs.get("name", None)
    helper = LayerHelper('meshgrid', **locals())

    if not isinstance(args, (list, tuple)):
        raise TypeError("The type of input args in meshgrid should be list.")

    for id, input_ in enumerate(args):
        check_dtype(input_.dtype, 'create data type',
                    ['float16', 'float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'],
                    'meshgrid')

    num = len(args)
    out = [
        helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(dtype=args[i].dtype)
        for i in range(num)
    ]
    helper.append_op(
        type='meshgrid', inputs={'X': list(args)}, outputs={'Out': out})

    return out