public.py

# Copyright (c) 2022 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
# 
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
# 
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# 
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from __future__ import print_function
from functools import reduce

import collections
import math
import os
import warnings
import logging
import six
import paddle.fluid as fluid
from paddle.fluid import core
from paddle.fluid.core import CommContext
import paddle.fluid.framework as framework
import paddle.distributed.fleet as fleet

#logging.basicConfig(
#    format='%(levelname)s - %(asctime)s - %(pathname)s: %(lineno)s - %(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
#logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

OP_NAME_SCOPE = "op_namescope"
CLIP_OP_NAME_SCOPE = "gradient_clip"
STEP_COUNTER = "@PS_STEP_COUNTER@"
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY_COUNTER = "@LR_DECAY_COUNTER@"

OP_ROLE_VAR_ATTR_NAME = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.kOpRoleVarAttrName()
RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_NAME = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.kOpRoleAttrName()
RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.RPC
op_role_attr_name = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.kOpRoleAttrName()
LR_SCHED_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.LRSched
OPT_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Optimize
backward = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Backward

DEVICE_LIST = ["cpu", "gpu", "xpu"]
COMMUNICATE_OPS_TYPE = ["send", "recv", "fetch_barrier", "send_barrier"]
SPARSE_OP_LIST = ["lookup_table", "lookup_table_v2"]
SPARSE_OP_TYPE_DICT = {"lookup_table": "W", "lookup_table_v2": "W"}
SPARSE_GRAD_OP_TYPE_DICT = {
    "lookup_table_grad": "W",
    "lookup_table_v2_grad": "W"
}
DEFAULT_DEVICE = 'cpu'

DATA_NORM_NAME = [".batch_size", ".batch_sum", ".batch_square_sum"]
DATA_NORM_GRAD_NAME = [x + "@GRAD" for x in DATA_NORM_NAME]


def logger_config(log_path, logging_name):
    logger = logging.getLogger(logging_name)
    logger.setLevel(level=logging.DEBUG)
    handler = logging.FileHandler(log_path, mode='a', encoding='UTF-8')
    handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    formatter = logging.Formatter(
        '%(levelname)s - %(asctime)s - %(pathname)s: %(lineno)s - %(message)s')
    handler.setFormatter(formatter)
    console = logging.StreamHandler()
    console.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    logger.addHandler(handler)
    logger.addHandler(console)
    return logger


ps_log_root_dir = '/ps_log/'
logger = logger_config(
    log_path='/ps_usr_print_log', logging_name='ps_usr_print_log')


class DistributedMode:
    SYNC = 0
    ASYNC = 1
    HALF_ASYNC = 2
    GEO = 3
    FL = 4


class TrainerRuntimeConfig(object):
    def __init__(self, valid_strategy):
        self.mode = None
        num_threads = os.getenv("CPU_NUM", "1")
        send_queue_size = num_threads
        k_steps = valid_strategy.a_sync_configs["k_steps"]
        logger.info("ps mode in strategy: {}, {}".format(
            valid_strategy.a_sync, valid_strategy.a_sync_configs["k_steps"]))
        if not valid_strategy.a_sync and k_steps == 0:
            self.mode = DistributedMode.SYNC

        if valid_strategy.a_sync and k_steps == 0:
            self.mode = DistributedMode.ASYNC

        if valid_strategy.a_sync and k_steps > 0:
            self.mode = DistributedMode.GEO
            send_queue_size = k_steps

        self.runtime_configs = {}
        self.runtime_configs['communicator_max_merge_var_num'] = os.getenv(
            "FLAGS_communicator_max_merge_var_num", send_queue_size)
        self.runtime_configs['communicator_send_queue_size'] = os.getenv(
            "FLAGS_communicator_send_queue_size", send_queue_size)
        self.runtime_configs[
            'communicator_independent_recv_thread'] = os.getenv(
                "FLAGS_communicator_independent_recv_thread", "1")
        self.runtime_configs[
            'communicator_min_send_grad_num_before_recv'] = os.getenv(
                "FLAGS_communicator_min_send_grad_num_before_recv", num_threads)
        self.runtime_configs['communicator_thread_pool_size'] = os.getenv(
            "FLAGS_communicator_thread_pool_size", "5")
        self.runtime_configs['communicator_send_wait_times'] = os.getenv(
            "FLAGS_communicator_send_wait_times", "5")
        self.runtime_configs['communicator_is_sgd_optimizer'] = os.getenv(
            "FLAGS_communicator_is_sgd_optimizer", "1")

    def get_communicator_flags(self):
        need_keys = []
        num_threads = os.getenv("CPU_NUM", "1")
        mode_str = ""
        if self.mode is None or self.mode == DistributedMode.ASYNC:
            need_keys = self.runtime_configs.keys()
            mode_str = "async"
        elif self.mode == DistributedMode.SYNC or self.mode == DistributedMode.HALF_ASYNC:
            mode_str = "sync or half_async"
            need_keys = [
                'communicator_max_merge_var_num',
                'communicator_send_wait_times', 'communicator_thread_pool_size',
                'communicator_send_queue_size'
            ]
        elif self.mode == DistributedMode.GEO:
            mode_str = "GEO"
            need_keys = [
                'communicator_thread_pool_size', 'communicator_send_wait_times',
                'communicator_max_merge_var_num', 'communicator_send_queue_size'
            ]
        else:
            raise ValueError("Unsupported Mode")

        if self.mode == DistributedMode.SYNC or self.mode == DistributedMode.HALF_ASYNC:
            max_merge_var_num = self.runtime_configs[
                'communicator_max_merge_var_num']
            send_queue_size = self.runtime_configs[
                'communicator_send_queue_size']
            if max_merge_var_num != num_threads:
                print('WARNING: In {} mode, communicator_max_merge_var_num '
                      'must be equal to CPU_NUM. But received, '
                      'communicator_max_merge_var_num = {}, CPU_NUM = '
                      '{}. communicator_max_merge_var_num will be forced to {}.'
                      .format(mode_str, max_merge_var_num, num_threads,
                              num_threads))
                self.runtime_configs[
                    'communicator_max_merge_var_num'] = num_threads
            if send_queue_size != num_threads:
                print('WARNING: In {} mode, communicator_send_queue_size '
                      'must be equal to CPU_NUM. But received, '
                      'communicator_send_queue_size = {}, CPU_NUM = '
                      '{}. communicator_send_queue_size will be forced to {}.'
                      .format(mode_str, send_queue_size, num_threads,
                              num_threads))
                self.runtime_configs[
                    'communicator_send_queue_size'] = num_threads

        return dict((key, str(self.runtime_configs[key])) for key in need_keys)


def get_lr_ops(program):
    lr_ops = []
    for index, op in enumerate(program.global_block().ops):
        role_id = int(op.attr(RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_NAME))
        if role_id == int(LR_SCHED_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE) or \
                role_id == int(LR_SCHED_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE) | \
                int(OPT_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE):
            lr_ops.append(op)
    return lr_ops


def get_optimize_ops(_program):
    block = _program.global_block()
    opt_ops = []
    for op in block.ops:
        if _is_opt_role_op(op):
            # delete clip op from opt_ops when run in Parameter Server mode
            if OP_NAME_SCOPE in op.all_attrs() \
                    and CLIP_OP_NAME_SCOPE in op.attr(OP_NAME_SCOPE):
                op._set_attr(
                    "op_role",
                    int(core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Backward))
                continue
            opt_ops.append(op)
    return opt_ops


def get_dist_env():
    trainer_id = int(os.getenv('PADDLE_TRAINER_ID', '0'))
    trainer_endpoints = ''
    current_endpoint = ''
    num_trainers = 0
    if os.getenv('PADDLE_TRAINER_ENDPOINTS'):
        trainer_endpoints = os.getenv('PADDLE_TRAINER_ENDPOINTS')
        current_endpoint = trainer_endpoints.split(',')[trainer_id]
        num_trainers = len(trainer_endpoints.split(','))

    return {
        'trainer_id': trainer_id,
        'num_trainers': num_trainers,
        'current_endpoint': current_endpoint,
        'trainer_endpoints': trainer_endpoints
    }


def get_role_id(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._role_id()
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.role_id()


def get_ps_endpoint(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._get_pserver_endpoints()[get_role_id(role_maker)]
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.get_pserver_endpoints()[get_role_id(role_maker)]


def get_ps_endpoints(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._get_pserver_endpoints()
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.get_pserver_endpoints()


def get_heter_worker_endpoint(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._get_heter_worker_endpoint()
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.get_heter_worker_endpoint()


def get_trainer_endpoint(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._get_trainer_endpoint()
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.get_trainer_endpoint()


def get_previous_stage_trainers(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._get_previous_trainers()
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.get_previous_trainers()


def is_distributed_sparse_op(op):
    if op.type in SPARSE_OP_LIST and op.attr('is_distributed') is True:
        return True

    if op.type == "distributed_lookup_table" and op.attr(
            'is_distributed') is True:
        return True

    return False


def get_sparse_tablename(op):
    return op.input("W")[0]


def is_sparse_op(op):
    if op.type in SPARSE_OP_LIST and op.attr('is_sparse') is True and op.attr(
            'is_distributed') is False:
        return True

    if op.type == "distributed_lookup_table" and op.attr(
            'is_distributed') is False:
        return True

    return False


def get_sparse_tablenames(programs, is_distributed):
    tablenames = set()
    for program in programs:
        if is_distributed:
            for op in program.global_block().ops:
                if is_distributed_sparse_op(op):
                    tablenames.add(get_sparse_tablename(op))
        else:
            for op in program.global_block().ops:
                if is_sparse_op(op):
                    tablenames.add(get_sparse_tablename(op))
    return list(tablenames)


def get_trainers(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._worker_num()
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.worker_num()


def get_dense_send_context(program,
                           send_ctx,
                           idx,
                           merged_dense_pairs,
                           trainer_id,
                           split_dense_table=False):
    if len(merged_dense_pairs) < 1:
        return idx
    if not split_dense_table:
        dense_pairs = []
        data_norm_pairs = []
        for merged in merged_dense_pairs:
            is_data_norm = False
            grad = merged[1]
            varname = grad.merged_var.name
            for name in DATA_NORM_GRAD_NAME:
                if varname.endswith(name):
                    is_data_norm = True
            if is_data_norm:
                data_norm_pairs.append(merged)
            else:
                dense_pairs.append(merged)

        # simple dense table
        origin_varnames = []
        var_numel = 0
        for merged in dense_pairs:
            grad = merged[1]
            origin_varnames.append(grad.merged_var.name)
            var = program.global_block().vars[grad.merged_var.name]
            var_numel += reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, var.shape)
        grad_name = "Dense@GRAD_" + str(idx)
        aggregate = True
        print("public get_dense_send_context dense_table:", grad_name,
              var_numel, origin_varnames)
        dense_ctx = CommContext(grad_name, [grad_name], ["127.0.0.1:6071"],
                                [var_numel], origin_varnames, trainer_id,
                                aggregate, False, False, idx, False, False,
                                id(program))
        send_ctx[grad_name] = dense_ctx
        idx += 1

        if len(data_norm_pairs) <= 0:
            return idx

        # data norm table
        origin_varnames = []
        var_numel = 0
        for merged in data_norm_pairs:
            grad = merged[1]
            origin_varnames.append(grad.merged_var.name)
            var = program.global_block().vars[grad.merged_var.name]
            var_numel += reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, var.shape)
        grad_name = "DataNorm@GRAD_" + str(idx)
        aggregate = True
        print("public get_dense_send_context data_norm table:", grad_name,
              var_numel, origin_varnames)
        data_norm_ctx = CommContext(grad_name, [grad_name], ["127.0.0.1:6071"],
                                    [var_numel], origin_varnames, trainer_id,
                                    aggregate, False, False, idx, False, True,
                                    id(program))
        send_ctx[grad_name] = data_norm_ctx
        idx += 1
    else:
        for merged in merged_dense_pairs:
            grad = merged[1]
            origin_varname = grad.merged_var.name
            var = program.global_block().vars[origin_varname]
            var_numel = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, var.shape)
            grad_name = origin_varname
            aggregate = True
            dense_ctx = CommContext(grad_name, [grad_name], ["127.0.0.1:6071"],
                                    [var_numel], [origin_varname], trainer_id,
                                    aggregate, False, False, idx, False, False,
                                    id(program))
            send_ctx[grad_name] = dense_ctx
            idx += 1
    return idx


def get_geo_trainer_send_context(context):
    if context['ps_mode'] != DistributedMode.GEO:
        raise ValueError("ps mode: {} not matched {}",
                         format(ps_mode, "get_geo_trainer_send_context"))
    send_ctx = {}
    trainer_id = get_role_id(context['role_maker'])
    origin_programs = context['origin_main_programs']
    idx = 0

    distibuted_varnames = get_sparse_tablenames(origin_programs, True)
    for i, program in enumerate(origin_programs):
        merged_sparse_pairs = context['merged_sparse_pairs'][i]
        for merged in merged_sparse_pairs:
            param, grad = merged
            grad_name = grad.merged_var.name
            param_name = param.merged_var.name
            is_distributed = True if param_name in distibuted_varnames else False

            var = program.global_block().vars[grad.merged_var.name]
            var_numel = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, var.shape[1:])

            sparse_ctx = CommContext(grad_name, [grad_name],
                                     ["127.0.0.1:6071"], [var_numel],
                                     [grad_name], trainer_id, True, True,
                                     is_distributed, idx, False, False,
                                     id(program))
            idx += 1
            send_ctx[sparse_ctx.var_name()] = sparse_ctx

    if len(send_ctx) == 0:
        raise ValueError("GeoSGD require sparse parameters in your net.")

    if len(context['tensor_table']) > 0 and context['is_worker']:
        name, ctx = _step_ctx(idx, context['role_maker'])
        send_ctx[name] = ctx

    return send_ctx


def _step_ctx(idx, role_maker):
    name = STEP_COUNTER
    trainer_id = get_role_id(role_maker)
    endpoints = get_ps_endpoints(role_maker)
    sections = [1] * len(endpoints)
    names = [name] * len(endpoints)
    ctx = CommContext(name, names, endpoints, sections, [name], trainer_id,
                      True, False, False, idx, True, False, -1)
    return name, ctx


def get_the_one_send_context(context,
                             split_dense_table=False,
                             use_origin_program=False,
                             ep_list=None):
    if ep_list is None:
        ep_list = ["127.0.0.1:6071"]
    send_ctx = {}
    trainer_id = get_role_id(context['role_maker'])
    origin_programs = context['origin_main_programs']

    idx = 0
    for i, program in enumerate(origin_programs):
        merged_dense_pairs = context['merged_dense_pairs'][i]
        idx += get_dense_send_context(program, send_ctx, idx,
                                      merged_dense_pairs, trainer_id,
                                      split_dense_table)
    distibuted_varnames = get_sparse_tablenames(origin_programs, True)
    print("public distibuted_varnames:", distibuted_varnames)
    for i, program in enumerate(origin_programs):
        merged_sparse_pairs = context['merged_sparse_pairs'][i]
        for merged in merged_sparse_pairs:
            param, grad = merged
            grad_name = grad.merged_var.name
            param_name = param.merged_var.name
            splited_varname = []

            for i in range(len(ep_list)):
                splited_varname.append("{}.block{}".format(param_name, i))

            is_distributed = True if param_name in distibuted_varnames else False

            var = program.global_block().vars[grad.merged_var.name]

            shape = list(var.shape)
            shape[0] = 0 if is_distributed else shape[0]

            print("public get_the_one_send_context sparse:", grad_name,
                  splited_varname, shape)
            if grad_name in send_ctx:
                continue
            sparse_ctx = CommContext(grad_name, splited_varname, ep_list, shape,
                                     [grad_name], trainer_id, True, True,
                                     is_distributed, idx, False, False,
                                     id(program))

            idx += 1
            send_ctx[sparse_ctx.var_name()] = sparse_ctx

    if len(context['tensor_table']) > 0 and context['is_worker']:
        name, ctx = _step_ctx(idx, context['role_maker'])
        send_ctx[name] = ctx

    return send_ctx


def find_heter_ops(program, default_device="cpu"):
    if default_device not in DEVICE_LIST:
        raise ValueError("Given device {} is not in device list {}".format(
            default_device, DEVICE_LIST))

    def _is_heter_op(op, current_heter_device, default_device="cpu"):
        heter_devices = list(DEVICE_LIST)
        heter_devices.remove(default_device)
        op_device = op.attr("op_device")
        op_type = op.type
        if op_device in heter_devices:
            return True
        elif op_type in COMMUNICATE_OPS_TYPE and current_heter_device != default_device:
            # for distributed communciate ops: send & recv & barrier etc.
            # Todo: need update this method
            #op._set_attr('op_device', current_heter_device)
            return True
        elif op_device == None or op_device == default_device:
            op._set_attr('op_device', default_device)
            return False
        return False

    def _is_same_device(op, pre_device, default_device="cpu"):
        op_device = op.attr("op_device")
        if op_device == pre_device:
            return True
        if pre_device == default_device:
            return True
        return False

    def _append_heter_op(op, current_heter_block_ops, heter_ops):
        op_device = op.attr("op_device")
        if op_device not in heter_ops:
            heter_ops[op_device] = {}
        current_heter_block_ops.append(op)

    origin_porgram = program.clone()
    block = program.global_block()
    '''
       re-place sum op to fix bug for union forward backward op
    '''
    var2idx = {}
    op_list = list(block.ops)
    op_size = len(op_list)

    for i in range(op_size - 1, -1, -1):
        op_list = list(block.ops)
        op = op_list[i]
        if "_grad" in op.type:
            forward_op_type = op.type.split("_grad")[0]
            if forward_op_type in SPARSE_OP_TYPE_DICT.keys() \
                and op.attr('remote_prefetch') is True:
                param_name = op.input(SPARSE_OP_TYPE_DICT[forward_op_type])[0]
                if param_name in var2idx:
                    ## insert sum op & remove sum op from var2idx and origin place
                    op_list = list(block.ops)
                    sum_op = op_list[var2idx[param_name]]
                    sum_op_inputs = {
                        sum_op.input_names[0]: [
                            block.vars[input]
                            for input in sum_op.input_arg_names
                        ]
                    }
                    sum_op_outputs = {
                        sum_op.output_names[0]: [
                            block.vars[output]
                            for output in sum_op.output_arg_names
                        ]
                    }
                    block._insert_op(
                        index=i + 1,
                        type=sum_op.type,
                        inputs=sum_op_inputs,
                        outputs=sum_op_outputs,
                        attrs=sum_op.all_attrs())
                    block._remove_op(var2idx[param_name] + 1)
                    var2idx.pop(param_name)
                    for var_ in var2idx:
                        var2idx[var_] += 1
            elif forward_op_type == "elementwise_mul":
                """
                get output varname of pre op

                """
                output_vars_no_grad = []
                for key in op.output_names:
                    for varname in op.output(key):
                        if varname == "@EMPTY@":
                            continue
                        if "lod_tensor_blocking_queue" in varname:
                            continue
                        output_vars_no_grad.append(varname.split("@GRAD")[0])
                for no_grad_var in output_vars_no_grad:
                    if no_grad_var in var2idx:
                        """
                       insert sum op & remove sum op from var2idx and origin place
  
                       """
                        op_list = list(block.ops)
                        sum_op = op_list[var2idx[no_grad_var]]
                        sum_op_inputs = {
                            sum_op.input_names[0]: [
                                block.vars[input]
                                for input in sum_op.input_arg_names
                            ]
                        }
                        sum_op_outputs = {
                            sum_op.output_names[0]: [
                                block.vars[output]
                                for output in sum_op.output_arg_names
                            ]
                        }
                        block._insert_op(
                            index=i + 1,
                            type=sum_op.type,
                            inputs=sum_op_inputs,
                            outputs=sum_op_outputs,
                            attrs=sum_op.all_attrs())
                        block._remove_op(var2idx[no_grad_var] + 1)
                        var2idx.pop(no_grad_var)
                        for var_ in var2idx:
                            var2idx[var_] += 1
        else:
            if op.type == "sum":
                var = op.output("Out")[0]
                if "@GRAD" in var:
                    origin_var = var.split("@GRAD")[0]
                    pre_op = op_list[i - 1]
                    if "_grad" in pre_op.type:
                        forward_op_type = pre_op.type.split("_grad")[0]
                        if forward_op_type in SPARSE_OP_TYPE_DICT.keys() \
                            and pre_op.attr('remote_prefetch') is True:
                            param_name = pre_op.input(SPARSE_OP_TYPE_DICT[
                                forward_op_type])[0]
                            if param_name == origin_var and op.attr(
                                    "op_device") == pre_op.attr("op_device"):
                                continue
                            else:
                                var2idx[origin_var] = i
                        elif forward_op_type == "elementwise_mul":
                            output_vars = []
                            for key in pre_op.output_names:
                                for varname in pre_op.output(key):
                                    if varname == "@EMPTY@":
                                        continue
                                    if "lod_tensor_blocking_queue" in varname:
                                        continue
                                    output_vars.append(varname)
                            input_vars = []
                            for key in op.input_names:
                                for varname in op.input(key):
                                    if varname == "@EMPTY@":
                                        continue
                                    if "lod_tensor_blocking_queue" in varname:
                                        continue
                                    input_vars.append(varname)
                            is_match = False
                            for varname in output_vars:
                                if varname in input_vars:
                                    is_match = True
                                    break
                            if is_match:
                                continue
                            else:
                                var2idx[origin_var] = i
                    else:
                        var2idx[origin_var] = i

    origin_porgram = program.clone()
    block = program.global_block()

    program_block_ops = []
    default_ops = {default_device: {}}
    heter_ops = {}
    block_index = 0

    current_heter_block_ops = []
    current_default_block_ops = []
    current_heter_device = default_device
    is_heter = False
    for op in block.ops:
        if _is_heter_op(op, current_heter_device, default_device):
            # for gpu/xpu-op
            is_heter = True

            # for cpu-op block append
            if len(current_default_block_ops) > 1:
                default_ops[default_device][
                    block_index] = current_default_block_ops
                program_block_ops.append(current_default_block_ops)
                current_default_block_ops = []
                block_index += 1

            if _is_same_device(op, current_heter_device, default_device):
                # for gpu-op, gpu-op -> gpu-op,...
                current_heter_device = op.attr("op_device")
                _append_heter_op(op, current_heter_block_ops, heter_ops)
            else:
                # for gpu-op -> xpu-op, ...
                op_device = current_heter_block_ops[0].attr("op_device")
                heter_ops[op_device][block_index] = current_heter_block_ops
                program_block_ops.append(current_heter_block_ops)
                block_index += 1
                current_heter_block_ops = []
                current_heter_device = op.attr("op_device")
                _append_heter_op(op, current_heter_block_ops, heter_ops)

        elif is_heter:
            # for gpu/xpu-op -> cpu-op
            op_device = current_heter_block_ops[0].attr("op_device")
            heter_ops[op_device][block_index] = current_heter_block_ops
            program_block_ops.append(current_heter_block_ops)
            block_index += 1
            current_heter_block_ops = []
            current_heter_device = default_device
            is_heter = False
            current_default_block_ops.append(op)
        else:
            # for cpu-op
            current_default_block_ops.append(op)

    if current_default_block_ops != []:
        default_ops[default_device][block_index] = current_default_block_ops
        program_block_ops.append(current_default_block_ops)

    if current_heter_block_ops != []:
        op_device = current_heter_block_ops[0].attr("op_device")
        heter_ops[op_device][block_index] = current_heter_block_ops
        program_block_ops.append(current_heter_block_ops)

    if len(heter_ops) == 0:
        warnings.warn(
            "No heterogeneous OP was found in your program , "
            " please using fluid.device_guard() to run OPs on different device.")

    total_heter_ops = 0
    heter_blocks = 0
    for device in heter_ops.keys():
        heter_block_dict = heter_ops[device]
        heter_blocks += len(heter_block_dict)
        for _, heter_block in heter_block_dict.items():
            total_heter_ops += len(heter_block)
    print(
        "There are {} OPs in your main_program, and contains {} heter-OPs which is made up of {} heter-blocks.".
        format(len(block.ops), total_heter_ops, heter_blocks))

    return origin_porgram, heter_ops, default_ops, program_block_ops


def union_forward_gradient_op(program_block_ops_list):
    """
    before analyzing the input & output of each block in program_block_list, we should
    union the forward op and corresponding gradient op to elimincate the uneccessary variable
    transmit
    """
    """
    fix for 2emb model, re-place sum op

    """
    block_length = len(program_block_ops_list)
    union_program_block_ops_list = []
    assert block_length % 2 != 0, "the length of program_block_ops_list should be odd"
    for i in range(0, block_length // 2):
        block_op_list = {"forward": program_block_ops_list[i]}
        block_op_list.update({
            "backward": program_block_ops_list[block_length - 1 - i]
        })
        union_program_block_ops_list.append(block_op_list)

    block_op_list = {"forward": [], "backward": []}
    for op in program_block_ops_list[block_length // 2]:
        if not "_grad" in op.type and not (op.type == "sum"):
            block_op_list["forward"].append(op)
        else:
            block_op_list["backward"].append(op)
    union_program_block_ops_list.append(block_op_list)
    return union_program_block_ops_list


def find_block_joints(program, program_block_ops_list, heter_ops):
    block_var_detail = find_entrance_exit_private(program,
                                                  program_block_ops_list)
    block_var_detail = entrance_exit_check(program, program_block_ops_list,
                                           block_var_detail, heter_ops)
    block_var_detail = delete_block_useless_exit(
        program, program_block_ops_list, block_var_detail)

    return block_var_detail


def find_ops_list_input_output(program, ops_list):
    input_var_list = []
    output_var_list = []
    for op in ops_list:
        inputs = _get_input_map_from_op(program.global_block().vars, op)
        input_var_list += get_varlist_from_op_map(inputs)
        outputs = _get_output_map_from_op(program.global_block().vars, op)
        output_var_list += get_varlist_from_op_map(outputs)

    input_var_list = list(set(input_var_list))
    output_var_list = list(set(output_var_list))
    return input_var_list, output_var_list


def find_entrance_exit_private(program, program_block_ops_list):
    block_var_detail = []
    persistables = []
    for index, block_op_list in enumerate(program_block_ops_list):
        ## forward
        block_input, block_output = find_ops_list_input_output(
            program, block_op_list["forward"])
        persistables = screen_persistables(
            program, block_input) + screen_persistables(program, block_output)
        # find entrance & exit
        block_private_vars = list(set(block_input) & set(block_output))
        block_entrance = list(set(block_input) - set(block_private_vars))
        block_exit = list(set(block_output) - set(block_private_vars))
        detail = {
            "forward": {
                "entrance": block_entrance,
                "exit": block_exit,
                "private": block_private_vars,
                "persistables": persistables
            }
        }

        ## backward
        bp_block_input, bp_block_output = find_ops_list_input_output(
            program, block_op_list["backward"])
        bp_persistables = screen_persistables(
            program, bp_block_input) + screen_persistables(program,
                                                           bp_block_output)
        # find entrance & exit
        bp_block_private_vars = list(set(bp_block_input) & set(bp_block_output))
        bp_block_entrance = list(
            set(bp_block_input) - set(bp_block_private_vars))
        bp_block_exit = list(set(bp_block_output) - set(bp_block_private_vars))
        detail.update({
            "backward": {
                "entrance": bp_block_entrance,
                "exit": bp_block_exit,
                "private": bp_block_private_vars,
                "persistables": bp_persistables
            }
        })
        block_var_detail.append(detail)
    return block_var_detail


def entrance_exit_check(program, program_block_ops_list, block_var_detail,
                        heter_ops):
    for index in range(len(block_var_detail) - 1, -1, -1):
        if index - 1 < 0:
            break
        previous_block_exit = block_var_detail[index - 1]["forward"]["exit"]
        previous_block_exit.sort()
        current_block_entrance = block_var_detail[index]["forward"]["entrance"]

        backward_entrance = block_var_detail[index]["backward"]["entrance"]

        forward_all = block_var_detail[index]["forward"][
            "entrance"] + block_var_detail[index]["forward"][
                "private"] + block_var_detail[index]["forward"]["exit"]

        for var in backward_entrance:
            if not ("@GRAD" in var) and not (var in forward_all):
                current_block_entrance.append(var)

        current_block_entrance.sort()

        if previous_block_exit == current_block_entrance:
            continue
        exist_vars = list(
            set(previous_block_exit) & set(current_block_entrance))
        need_add_vars = list(set(current_block_entrance) - set(exist_vars))
        # var in different stage should not be ignored, since they are not placed in the same program & device
        #need_add_vars = find_need_var_from_previous_block(
        #    need_add_vars, block_var_detail, index, heter_ops)

        previous_block_private = block_var_detail[index - 1]["forward"][
            "private"]
        previous_block_entrance = block_var_detail[index - 1]["forward"][
            "entrance"]
        for var in need_add_vars:
            if var not in previous_block_private and var not in previous_block_entrance:
                previous_block_entrance.append(var)
            previous_block_exit.append(var)
            if not var in current_block_entrance:
                current_block_entrance.append(var)

    for index in range(0, len(block_var_detail) - 1, 1):
        previous_block_exit = block_var_detail[index + 1]["backward"]["exit"]
        previous_block_exit.sort()
        current_block_entrance = block_var_detail[index]["backward"]["entrance"]

        current_block_entrance.sort()

        if previous_block_exit == current_block_entrance:
            continue
        exist_vars = list(
            set(previous_block_exit) & set(current_block_entrance))
        need_add_vars = list(set(current_block_entrance) - set(exist_vars))
        need_ignore_vars = []
        for var in need_add_vars:
            if not "@GRAD" in var:
                need_ignore_vars.append(var)
        need_add_vars = list(
            set(need_add_vars).difference(set(need_ignore_vars)))
        previous_block_private = block_var_detail[index + 1]["backward"][
            "private"]
        previous_block_entrance = block_var_detail[index + 1]["backward"][
            "entrance"]
        for var in need_add_vars:
            if var not in previous_block_private and var not in previous_block_entrance:
                previous_block_entrance.append(var)
            previous_block_exit.append(var)
    return block_var_detail


def delete_block_useless_exit(program, program_block_ops_list,
                              block_var_detail):
    ## forward
    for index in range(len(block_var_detail)):
        if index == len(block_var_detail) - 1:
            break
        current_block_exit = block_var_detail[index]["forward"]["exit"]
        next_block_entrance = block_var_detail[index + 1]["forward"]["entrance"]
        need_delete_var = []
        for var in current_block_exit:
            if var not in next_block_entrance:
                need_delete_var.append(var)

        for var in need_delete_var:
            current_block_exit.remove(var)
    ## backward
    for index in range(len(block_var_detail) - 1, -1, -1):
        if index - 1 < 0:
            break
        current_block_exit = block_var_detail[index]["backward"]["exit"]
        next_block_entrance = block_var_detail[index - 1]["backward"][
            "entrance"]
        need_delete_var = []
        for var in current_block_exit:
            if var not in next_block_entrance:
                need_delete_var.append(var)
        for var in need_delete_var:
            current_block_exit.remove(var)

    return block_var_detail


def get_communicate_var_info(program,
                             block_index,
                             entrance_var_list,
                             type="forward"):
    input_var_reshape_dim = []
    input_var_reshape_name = []

    if type == "forward":
        block_input_var_name = "forward_joint_{}_{}@Heter".format(
            block_index - 1, block_index)
    else:
        block_input_var_name = "backward_joint_{}_{}@Heter".format(
            block_index + 1, block_index)

    entrance_var_list.sort()
    # input
    # Heter_SERVER_BLOCK_index@JOINT_VAR -> slice -> var@Heter_SERVER_BLOCK@INPUT_RESHAPE_VAR -> reshape -> var
    for name in entrance_var_list:
        var = program.global_block().vars[name]
        shape = var.shape
        recv_var_dim = -1 * reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, shape)
        input_var_reshape_dim.append(recv_var_dim)
        input_var_reshape_name.append("{}.input_reshape@Heter".format(name))

    info = {
        "input_var_reshape_dim": input_var_reshape_dim,
        "input_var_reshape_name": input_var_reshape_name,
        "block_input_var_name": block_input_var_name,
    }

    return info


def add_vars_by_var_list(var_name_list, origin_program, program, block):
    for var_name in var_name_list:
        if var_name not in program.global_block(
        ).vars and var_name not in block.vars:
            var = origin_program.global_block().vars[var_name]
            if var.persistable:
                program.global_block()._clone_variable(
                    var, force_persistable=False)
            else:
                block._clone_variable(var, force_persistable=False)


def _get_output_map_from_op(varmap, op):
    """Returns a dict from op output name to the vars in varmap."""
    iomap = collections.OrderedDict()
    for key in op.output_names:
        vars = []
        for varname in op.output(key):
            if varname == "@EMPTY@":
                continue
            if "lod_tensor_blocking_queue" in varname:
                continue
            vars.append(varmap[varname])
        if len(vars) == 1:
            iomap[key] = vars[0]
        else:
            iomap[key] = vars
    return iomap


def get_varlist_from_op_map(var_map):
    var_list = []
    for key, varlist in six.iteritems(var_map):
        if not isinstance(varlist, list):
            varlist = [varlist]
        for i in range(len(varlist)):
            var = varlist[i]
            var_list.append(var.name)
    return var_list


def _get_input_map_from_op(varmap, op):
    """Returns a dict from op input name to the vars in varmap."""
    iomap = collections.OrderedDict()
    for key in op.input_names:
        vars = []
        for varname in op.input(key):
            if varname == "@EMPTY@":
                continue
            if "lod_tensor_blocking_queue" in varname:
                continue
            vars.append(varmap[varname])
        if len(vars) == 1:
            iomap[key] = vars[0]
        else:
            iomap[key] = vars
    return iomap


def screen_persistables(program, var_list):
    need_remove = []
    for var_name in var_list:
        if "@GRAD" in var_name:
            if "GRAD" != var_name.split("@")[-1]:
                continue
            origin_var_name = var_name.split("@GRAD")[0]
            var = program.global_block().vars[origin_var_name]
        else:
            var = program.global_block().vars[var_name]

        if fluid.io.is_persistable(var):
            need_remove.append(var_name)

    for var_name in need_remove:
        var_list.remove(var_name)
    return need_remove


def block_append_op(program, origin_program, block, op):
    merge_ordereddict = origin_program.global_block().vars.copy()
    merge_ordereddict.update(block.vars)
    inputs = _get_input_map_from_op(merge_ordereddict, op)
    for key, varlist in six.iteritems(inputs):
        if not isinstance(varlist, list):
            varlist = [varlist]
        for var in varlist:
            if var.name not in program.global_block(
            ).vars and var.name not in block.vars:
                if var.persistable:
                    program.global_block()._clone_variable(
                        var, force_persistable=False)
                else:
                    block._clone_variable(var, force_persistable=False)

    outputs = _get_output_map_from_op(origin_program.global_block().vars, op)
    for key, varlist in six.iteritems(outputs):
        if not isinstance(varlist, list):
            varlist = [varlist]
        for var in varlist:
            if var.name not in program.global_block(
            ).vars and var.name not in block.vars:
                if var.persistable:
                    program.global_block()._clone_variable(
                        var, force_persistable=False)
                else:
                    block._clone_variable(var, force_persistable=False)

    if "_grad" not in op.type:
        # for forward op
        return block.append_op(
            type=op.type, inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs, attrs=op.all_attrs())
    else:
        # for grad op
        op_desc = op.desc
        op_role_attr_name = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.kOpRoleAttrName()
        backward = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Backward
        device_attr_name = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.kOpDeviceAttrName()

        # append grad op
        new_op_desc = block.desc.append_op()
        new_op_desc.copy_from(op_desc)
        new_op_desc._set_attr(op_role_attr_name, backward)

        # set device gard
        if op.desc.has_attr(device_attr_name):
            op_device = op_desc.attr(device_attr_name)
            new_op_desc._set_attr(device_attr_name, op_device)
        block._sync_with_cpp()


def get_next_stage_trainers(role_maker):
    try:
        return role_maker._get_next_trainers()
    except Exception:
        return role_maker.get_next_trainers()


def insert_communicate_op(orign_program,
                          role_maker,
                          heter_block,
                          stage_id,
                          first_op_index,
                          block_var_detail,
                          device,
                          is_forward=True):

    if is_forward:
        next_heter_worker_endpoints = get_next_stage_trainers(role_maker)
        previous_heter_worker_endpoints = get_previous_stage_trainers(
            role_maker)
        entrance_var = block_var_detail[stage_id]["forward"]["entrance"]
        comm_info = get_communicate_var_info(orign_program, stage_id + 1,
                                             entrance_var)

    else:
        next_heter_worker_endpoints = get_next_stage_trainers(role_maker)
        previous_heter_worker_endpoints = get_previous_stage_trainers(
            role_maker)
        entrance_var = block_var_detail[stage_id - 1]["backward"]["exit"]
        comm_info = get_communicate_var_info(orign_program, stage_id - 1,
                                             entrance_var, "backward")

    heter_block._insert_op(
        index=first_op_index,
        type="send_and_recv",
        inputs={"X": heter_block.vars[entrance_var[0]]},
        outputs={"Out": []},
        attrs={
            "mode": "forward" if is_forward else "backward",
            "send_var_name": entrance_var + ["microbatch_id"],
            "recv_var_name": [],
            "message_name": comm_info["block_input_var_name"],
            "next_endpoints": next_heter_worker_endpoints,
            "previous_endpoints": previous_heter_worker_endpoints,
            "trainer_id": get_role_id(role_maker),
            "op_device": device,
            RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_NAME: RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE
        })

    return entrance_var


def get_the_one_recv_context(context,
                             is_dense=True,
                             split_dense_table=False,
                             use_origin_program=False):
    recv_id_maps = {}
    grad_name_to_param_name = {}
    if is_dense:
        send_ctx = get_the_one_send_context(
            context,
            split_dense_table=split_dense_table,
            use_origin_program=use_origin_program)
        for idx, (name, ctx) in enumerate(send_ctx.items()):
            if ctx.is_sparse():
                continue
            if ctx.is_tensor_table():
                continue

            origin_grad_varnames = ctx.origin_varnames()

            param_names = []
            for grad_varname in origin_grad_varnames:
                param_name = context["grad_name_to_param_name"][grad_varname]
                param_names.append(param_name)
            recv_id_maps[ctx.table_id()] = param_names
    else:
        send_ctx = get_the_one_send_context(
            context,
            split_dense_table=False,
            use_origin_program=False,
            ep_list=None)
        for idx, (name, ctx) in enumerate(send_ctx.items()):
            if not ctx.is_sparse():
                continue

            origin_grad_varnames = ctx.origin_varnames()

            param_names = []
            for grad_varname in origin_grad_varnames:
                param_name = context["grad_name_to_param_name"][grad_varname]
                param_names.append(param_name)
            recv_id_maps[ctx.table_id()] = param_names
    return recv_id_maps


def _get_varname_parts(varname):
    # returns origin, blockid, trainerid
    orig_var_name = ""
    trainer_part = ""
    block_part = ""
    trainer_idx = varname.find(".trainer_")
    if trainer_idx >= 0:
        trainer_part = varname[trainer_idx + 1:]
    else:
        trainer_idx = len(varname)
    block_index = varname.find(".block")
    if block_index >= 0:
        block_part = varname[block_index + 1:trainer_idx]
    else:
        block_index = len(varname)
    orig_var_name = varname[0:min(block_index, trainer_idx)]
    return orig_var_name, block_part, trainer_part


dtype_to_size = {
    core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16: 2,
    core.VarDesc.VarType.FP32: 4,
    core.VarDesc.VarType.FP64: 8,
    core.VarDesc.VarType.INT16: 2,
    core.VarDesc.VarType.INT32: 4,
    core.VarDesc.VarType.INT64: 8,
    core.VarDesc.VarType.BOOL: 1,
    core.VarDesc.VarType.UINT8: 1,
}


def get_var_mem_size(var):
    m_size = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, var.shape)
    m_size *= dtype_to_size[var.dtype]
    return m_size


class MergedVariable:
    def __init__(self, merged, ordered, offsets):
        self.merged_var = merged
        self.ordered_vars = ordered
        self.offsets = offsets


def build_var_distributed(context):
    origin_programs = context['origin_main_programs']

    param_name_to_grad_name = {}
    grad_name_to_param_name = {}
    context["origin_sparse_pairs"] = []
    context["origin_dense_pairs"] = []
    context["merged_sparse_pairs"] = []
    context['merged_dense_pairs'] = []
    context["merged_variables_pairs"] = []
    context["merged_variable_map"] = {}
    for origin_program in origin_programs:
        sparse_pairs, dense_pairs = get_param_grads(origin_program)
        print("public build_var_distributed sparse_pairs:", sparse_pairs)
        print("public build_var_distributed dense_pairs:", dense_pairs)
        origin_for_sparse = []
        origin_for_dense = []
        merged_sparse_pairs = []
        merged_dense_pairs = []
        merged_variables_pairs = []

        for param, grad in sparse_pairs:
            origin_for_sparse.append((param, grad))

        for param, grad in dense_pairs:
            origin_for_dense.append((param, grad))

        for dense_pair in origin_for_dense:
            param, grad = dense_pair

            m_param = MergedVariable(param, [param], [0])
            m_grad = MergedVariable(grad, [grad], [0])
            merged_variables_pairs.append((m_param, m_grad))
            merged_dense_pairs.append((m_param, m_grad))
        print("public build_var_distributed merged_dense_pairs:",
              merged_dense_pairs)

        for sparse_pair in origin_for_sparse:
            param, grad = sparse_pair

            m_param = MergedVariable(param, [param], [0])
            m_grad = MergedVariable(grad, [grad], [0])
            merged_variables_pairs.append((m_param, m_grad))
            merged_sparse_pairs.append((m_param, m_grad))
        print("public build_var_distributed merged_sparse_pairs:",
              merged_sparse_pairs)

        for merged in merged_variables_pairs:
            m_param, m_grad = merged
            context["merged_variable_map"][
                m_param.merged_var.name] = m_param.merged_var
            context["merged_variable_map"][
                m_grad.merged_var.name] = m_grad.merged_var

        param_merges = []
        param_merges.extend(origin_for_sparse)
        param_merges.extend(origin_for_dense)

        for param, grad in param_merges:
            param_name_to_grad_name[param.name] = grad.name
            grad_name_to_param_name[grad.name] = param.name

        context["origin_sparse_pairs"].append(origin_for_sparse)
        context["origin_dense_pairs"].append(origin_for_dense)
        context["merged_sparse_pairs"].append(merged_sparse_pairs)
        context['merged_dense_pairs'].append(merged_dense_pairs)

    context["param_name_to_grad_name"] = param_name_to_grad_name
    context["grad_name_to_param_name"] = grad_name_to_param_name

    print("public build_var_distributed origin_sparse_pairs:",
          context["origin_sparse_pairs"])
    print("public build_var_distributed origin_for_dense:",
          context["origin_dense_pairs"])
    print("public build_var_distributed merged_sparse_pairs:",
          context["merged_sparse_pairs"])
    print("public build_var_distributed merged_dense_pairs:",
          context['merged_dense_pairs'])
    print("public build_var_distributed param_name_to_grad_name:",
          param_name_to_grad_name)
    print("public build_var_distributed grad_name_to_param_name:",
          grad_name_to_param_name)


def _is_opt_role_op(op):
    # NOTE : depend on oprole to find out whether this op is for
    # optimize
    op_maker = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker
    optimize_role = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Optimize
    if op_maker.kOpRoleAttrName() in op.attr_names and \
            int(op.all_attrs()[op_maker.kOpRoleAttrName()]) == int(optimize_role):
        return True
    return False


def get_param_grads(origin_program):
    def _get_params_grads(sparse_varnames):
        block = origin_program.global_block()

        dense_param_grads = []
        sparse_param_grads = []

        optimize_params = set()
        origin_var_dict = origin_program.global_block().vars
        role_id = int(core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Backward)
        for op in block.ops:
            if _is_opt_role_op(op):
                # delete clip op from opt_ops when run in Parameter Server mode
                if OP_NAME_SCOPE in op.all_attrs() \
                        and CLIP_OP_NAME_SCOPE in op.attr(OP_NAME_SCOPE):
                    op._set_attr("op_role", role_id)
                    continue
                if op.attr(OP_ROLE_VAR_ATTR_NAME):
                    param_name = op.attr(OP_ROLE_VAR_ATTR_NAME)[0]
                    grad_name = op.attr(OP_ROLE_VAR_ATTR_NAME)[1]
                    if param_name not in optimize_params:
                        optimize_params.add(param_name)
                        param_grad = (origin_var_dict[param_name],
                                      origin_var_dict[grad_name])

                        if param_name in sparse_varnames:
                            sparse_param_grads.append(param_grad)
                        else:
                            dense_param_grads.append(param_grad)
        return sparse_param_grads, dense_param_grads

    def _get_sparse_varnames():
        varnames = []
        for op in origin_program.global_block().ops:
            if op.type in SPARSE_OP_TYPE_DICT.keys() \
                    and op.attr('remote_prefetch') is True:
                param_name = op.input(SPARSE_OP_TYPE_DICT[op.type])[0]
                varnames.append(param_name)

        return list(set(varnames))

    sparse_varnames = _get_sparse_varnames()
    sparse_param_grads, dense_param_grads = _get_params_grads(sparse_varnames)

    return sparse_param_grads, dense_param_grads


def delete_ops(block, ops):
    for op in ops:
        try:
            idx = list(block.ops).index(op)
            block._remove_op(idx)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)


def find_send_op(program):
    send_op_list = []
    for op in program.global_block().ops:
        if op.type == "send":
            send_op_list.append(op)
    return send_op_list


def find_op_input_output(program, block, op):
    input_var_list = []
    output_var_list = []
    inputs = _get_input_map_from_op(block.vars, op)
    input_var_list += get_varlist_from_op_map(inputs)
    outputs = _get_output_map_from_op(block.vars, op)
    output_var_list += get_varlist_from_op_map(outputs)
    input_var_list = list(set(input_var_list))
    output_var_list = list(set(output_var_list))
    return input_var_list, output_var_list


def add_heter_send_op(program, heter_program, block, block_var_detail):
    def _get_send_op_dict():
        send_op_dict = {}
        send_op_list = find_send_op(program)
        for op in send_op_list:
            input_list, _ = find_op_input_output(program,
                                                 program.global_block(), op)
            for var in input_list:
                send_op_dict[var] = op
        return send_op_dict

    send_grad_var_list = []
    send_op_dict = _get_send_op_dict()
    table_dict = {}
    for persistable_var in block_var_detail["backward"]["persistables"]:
        if "@GRAD" not in persistable_var:
            continue
        if "GRAD" != persistable_var.split("@")[-1]:
            continue
        if persistable_var not in send_op_dict:
            continue
        send_op = send_op_dict[persistable_var]
        is_sparse = send_op.attr('is_sparse')
        table_id = send_op.attr('table_id')
        send_varnames = send_op.attr('send_varnames')
        send_grad_var_list.append(persistable_var)
        if table_id not in table_dict:
            table_dict[table_id] = {}
            table_dict[table_id]['var_list'] = []
            table_dict[table_id]['is_sparse'] = is_sparse
            table_dict[table_id]['send_varnames'] = send_varnames
        table_dict[table_id]['var_list'].append(persistable_var)

    for table_id in table_dict:
        dummy_output = block.create_var(
            name=framework.generate_control_dev_var_name())
        send_input_vars = [
            block.vars[union_var]
            for union_var in table_dict[table_id]['var_list']
        ]
        block.append_op(
            type="send",
            inputs={"X": send_input_vars},
            outputs={"Out": dummy_output},
            attrs={
                "send_varnames": table_dict[table_id]['send_varnames'],
                "is_sparse": is_sparse,
                "table_id": table_id,
                RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_NAME: RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE
            })

    return send_grad_var_list


def get_vars_name_in_block(block):
    vars_list = block.vars.keys()
    vars_name_list = [var_name for var_name in vars_list]
    return vars_name_list


def delete_trainer_useless_var(program, static_var):
    static_var = list(set(static_var))
    program_useful_var_list = []
    for op in program.global_block().ops:
        input_var_list, output_var_list = find_op_input_output(
            program, program.global_block(), op)
        op_var_list = list(set(input_var_list).union(set(output_var_list)))
        program_useful_var_list = list(
            set(program_useful_var_list).union(set(op_var_list)))
    program_useful_var_list += static_var
    program_useless_var_list = list(
        set(get_vars_name_in_block(program.global_block())).difference(
            set(program_useful_var_list)))
    for var in program_useless_var_list:
        program.global_block()._remove_var(var)
    return program_useless_var_list


def create_backward_block(program, origin_program, bp_ops_list,
                          block_var_detail):
    pre_block_idx = program.num_blocks - 1
    heter_block = program._create_block(pre_block_idx)

    for _, op in enumerate(bp_ops_list):
        if op.type == "send":
            send_varnames = op.attr('send_varnames')
            is_skip = False
            for varname in send_varnames:
                if varname not in program.global_block(
                ).vars and varname not in heter_block.vars:
                    is_skip = True
                    break
            if is_skip == True:
                continue
        block_append_op(program, origin_program, heter_block, op)

    entrance_vars = block_var_detail[0]["backward"]["entrance"]
    add_vars_by_var_list(entrance_vars, origin_program, program, heter_block)
    exit_vars = block_var_detail[0]["backward"]["exit"]
    add_vars_by_var_list(exit_vars, origin_program, program, heter_block)
    return heter_block


def debug_program(file, program):
    with open(file, 'w+') as f:
        f.write(str(program))