diff --git a/include/memory/paddr.h b/include/memory/paddr.h
index c49b1fc3c6fc745cf5cb2690c659be0d4c6e7e02..dad808403445b355047a0261697c76cc4fa9e118 100644
--- a/include/memory/paddr.h
+++ b/include/memory/paddr.h
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ void* guest_to_host(paddr_t addr);
 /* convert the host virtual address in NEMU to guest physical address in the guest program */
 paddr_t host_to_guest(void *addr);
 
-#include <paddr.h>
+word_t paddr_ifetch(paddr_t addr, int len);
+word_t paddr_read(paddr_t addr, int len);
+void paddr_write(paddr_t addr, word_t data, int len);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/engine/interpreter/paddr.h b/src/engine/interpreter/paddr.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 44ca4d3286ec699fa5d607f09fd39c77b2759d44..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/engine/interpreter/paddr.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __PADDR_H__
-#define __PADDR_H__
-
-#include <common.h>
-
-word_t paddr_ifetch(paddr_t addr, int len);
-word_t paddr_read(paddr_t addr, int len);
-void paddr_write(paddr_t addr, word_t data, int len);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/engine/rv64/paddr.h b/src/engine/rv64/paddr.h
deleted file mode 100644
index af45dc7796d95d675907d93866faea7e837c1bcc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/engine/rv64/paddr.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __PADDR_H__
-#define __PADDR_H__
-
-#include <common.h>
-
-static inline uint64_t paddr_ifetch(paddr_t addr, int len) {
-  uint8_t  paddr_ifetch8 (paddr_t addr);
-  uint16_t paddr_ifetch16(paddr_t addr);
-  uint32_t paddr_ifetch32(paddr_t addr);
-  uint64_t paddr_ifetch64(paddr_t addr);
-  switch (len) {
-    case 1: return paddr_ifetch8 (addr);
-    case 2: return paddr_ifetch16(addr);
-    case 4: return paddr_ifetch32(addr);
-#ifdef ISA64
-    case 8: return paddr_ifetch64(addr);
-#endif
-    default: assert(0);
-  }
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t paddr_read(paddr_t addr, int len) {
-  uint8_t  paddr_read8 (paddr_t addr);
-  uint16_t paddr_read16(paddr_t addr);
-  uint32_t paddr_read32(paddr_t addr);
-  uint64_t paddr_read64(paddr_t addr);
-  switch (len) {
-    case 1: return paddr_read8 (addr);
-    case 2: return paddr_read16(addr);
-    case 4: return paddr_read32(addr);
-#ifdef ISA64
-    case 8: return paddr_read64(addr);
-#endif
-    default: assert(0);
-  }
-}
-
-static inline void paddr_write(paddr_t addr, uint64_t data, int len) {
-  void paddr_write8 (paddr_t addr, uint8_t  data);
-  void paddr_write16(paddr_t addr, uint16_t data);
-  void paddr_write32(paddr_t addr, uint32_t data);
-  void paddr_write64(paddr_t addr, uint64_t data);
-  switch (len) {
-    case 1: paddr_write8 (addr, data); break;
-    case 2: paddr_write16(addr, data); break;
-    case 4: paddr_write32(addr, data); break;
-#ifdef ISA64
-    case 8: paddr_write64(addr, data); break;
-#endif
-    default: assert(0);
-  }
-}
-
-#endif