[1]:http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.68.9136&rep=rep1&type=pdf"Michael Stonebraker and Uğur Çetintemel: “'One Size Fits All': An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone,” at *21st International Conference on Data Engineering* (ICDE), April 2005."
[1]:http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.68.9136&rep=rep1&type=pdf"Michael Stonebraker and Uğur Çetintemel: “'One Size Fits All': An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone,” at *21st International Conference on Data Engineering* (ICDE), April 2005."
[2]:http://www.sei.cmu.edu/reports/92tr033.pdf"Walter L. Heimerdinger and Charles B. Weinstock: “A Conceptual Framework for System Fault Tolerance,” Technical Report CMU/SEI-92-TR-033, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, October 1992."
[3]:https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi14/osdi14-paper-yuan.pdf"Ding Yuan, Yu Luo, Xin Zhuang, et al.: “Simple Testing Can Prevent Most Critical Failures: An Analysis of Production Failures in Distributed Data-Intensive Systems,” at 11th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), October 2014."
[4]:http://techblog.netflix.com/2011/07/netflix-simian-army.html"Yury Izrailevsky and Ariel Tseitlin: “The Netflix Simian Army,” techblog.netflix.com, July 19, 2011."
“[ROOT for Big Data Analysis](http://indico.cern.ch/getFile.py/access?contribId=13&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=246453),” at *Workshop on the Future of Big Data Management*,
* 给每个写入一个唯一的ID(例如,一个时间戳,一个长的随机数,一个UUID或者一个键和值的哈希),挑选最高ID的写入作为胜利者,并丢弃其他写入。如果使用时间戳,这种技术被称为**最后写入胜利(LWW, last write wins)**。虽然这种方法很流行,但是很容易造成数据丢失[35]。我们将在本章末尾更详细地讨论LWW(第184页的“检测并发写入”)。
33. Shivnath Babu and Herodotos Herodotou: “[Massively Parallel Databases and MapReduce Systems](http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/206464/db-mr-survey-final.pdf),” *Foundations and Trends in Databases*, volume 5, number 1, pages 1–104, November 2013.[doi:10.1561/1900000036](http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1900000036)
1. Donald D. Chamberlin, Morton M. Astrahan, Michael W. Blasgen, et al.:
“[A History and Evaluation of System R](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.84.348&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” *Communications of the ACM*,
volume 24, number 10, pages 632–646, October 1981.
1. Jim N. Gray, Raymond A. Lorie, Gianfranco R. Putzolu, and Irving L. Traiger:
“[Granularity of Locks and Degrees of Consistency in a Shared Data Base](http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.8248&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” in *Modelling in Data
Base Management Systems: Proceedings of the IFIP Working Conference on Modelling in Data Base
Management Systems*, edited by G. M. Nijssen, pages
364–394, Elsevier/North Holland Publishing, 1976. Also in *Readings in Database Systems*, 4th edition, edited by Joseph M.
Hellerstein and Michael Stonebraker, MIT Press, 2005. ISBN: 978-0-262-69314-1
1. Kapali P. Eswaran, Jim N. Gray, Raymond A. Lorie, and Irving L. Traiger:
“[The Notions of Consistency and Predicate Locks in a Database System](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gray/papers/On%20the%20Notions%20of%20Consistency%20and%20Predicate%20Locks%20in%20a%20Database%20System%20CACM.pdf),” *Communications of the
ACM*, volume 19, number 11, pages 624–633, November 1976.
1. “[ACID Transactions Are Incredibly Helpful](http://web.archive.org/web/20150320053809/https://foundationdb.com/acid-claims),” FoundationDB, LLC, 2013.
1. John D. Cook:
“[ACID Versus BASE for Database Transactions](http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2009/07/06/brewer-cap-theorem-base/),” *johndcook.com*, July 6, 2009.
1. Gavin Clarke:
“[NoSQL's CAP Theorem Busters: We Don't Drop ACID](http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/11/22/foundationdb_fear_of_cap_theorem/),” *theregister.co.uk*, November 22, 2012.
1. Theo Härder and Andreas Reuter:
“[Principles of Transaction-Oriented Database Recovery](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.2812&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” *ACM Computing Surveys*,
volume 15, number 4, pages 287–317, December 1983.
“[HAT, not CAP: Towards Highly Available Transactions](http://www.bailis.org/papers/hat-hotos2013.pdf),”
at *14th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems* (HotOS), May 2013.
1. Armando Fox, Steven D. Gribble, Yatin Chawathe, et al.:
“[Cluster-Based Scalable Network Services](http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~brewer/cs262b/TACC.pdf),” at
*16th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles* (SOSP), October 1997.
1. Philip A. Bernstein, Vassos Hadzilacos, and Nathan Goodman:
1. Donald D. Chamberlin, Morton M. Astrahan, Michael W. Blasgen, et al.:
“[A History and Evaluation of System R](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.84.348&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” *Communications of the ACM*,
volume 24, number 10, pages 632–646, October 1981.
2. Jim N. Gray, Raymond A. Lorie, Gianfranco R. Putzolu, and Irving L. Traiger:
“[Granularity of Locks and Degrees of Consistency in a Shared Data Base](http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.8248&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” in *Modelling in Data
Base Management Systems: Proceedings of the IFIP Working Conference on Modelling in Data Base
Management Systems*, edited by G. M. Nijssen, pages
364–394, Elsevier/North Holland Publishing, 1976. Also in *Readings in Database Systems*, 4th edition, edited by Joseph M.
Hellerstein and Michael Stonebraker, MIT Press, 2005. ISBN: 978-0-262-69314-1
3. Kapali P. Eswaran, Jim N. Gray, Raymond A. Lorie, and Irving L. Traiger:
“[The Notions of Consistency and Predicate Locks in a Database System](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gray/papers/On%20the%20Notions%20of%20Consistency%20and%20Predicate%20Locks%20in%20a%20Database%20System%20CACM.pdf),” *Communications of the
ACM*, volume 19, number 11, pages 624–633, November 1976.
4. “[ACID Transactions Are Incredibly Helpful](http://web.archive.org/web/20150320053809/https://foundationdb.com/acid-claims),” FoundationDB, LLC, 2013.
5. John D. Cook:
“[ACID Versus BASE for Database Transactions](http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2009/07/06/brewer-cap-theorem-base/),” *johndcook.com*, July 6, 2009.
6. Gavin Clarke:
“[NoSQL's CAP Theorem Busters: We Don't Drop ACID](http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/11/22/foundationdb_fear_of_cap_theorem/),” *theregister.co.uk*, November 22, 2012.
7. Theo Härder and Andreas Reuter:
“[Principles of Transaction-Oriented Database Recovery](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.2812&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” *ACM Computing Surveys*,
volume 15, number 4, pages 287–317, December 1983.
1. Mai Zheng, Joseph Tucek, Feng Qin, and Mark Lillibridge:
12. Mai Zheng, Joseph Tucek, Feng Qin, and Mark Lillibridge:
“[Understanding the Robustness of SSDs Under Power Fault](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/fast13/fast13-final80.pdf),” at *11th USENIX Conference on File and
Storage Technologies* (FAST), February 2013.
1. Laurie Denness:
13. Laurie Denness:
“[SSDs: A Gift and a Curse](https://laur.ie/blog/2015/06/ssds-a-gift-and-a-curse/),”
*laur.ie*, June 2, 2015.
1. Adam Surak:
14. Adam Surak:
“[When Solid State Drives Are Not That Solid](https://blog.algolia.com/when-solid-state-drives-are-not-that-solid/),” *blog.algolia.com*, June 15, 2015.
Ramnatthan Alagappan, et al.: “[All File Systems Are Not Created Equal: On the Complexity of Crafting Crash-Consistent Applications](http://research.cs.wisc.edu/wind/Publications/alice-osdi14.pdf),”
at *11th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation* (OSDI),
October 2014.
1. Chris Siebenmann:
16. Chris Siebenmann:
“[Unix's File Durability Problem](https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/FileSyncProblem),” *utcc.utoronto.ca*, April 14, 2016.
1. Lakshmi N. Bairavasundaram, Garth R.
17. Lakshmi N. Bairavasundaram, Garth R.
Goodson, Bianca Schroeder, et al.:
“[An Analysis of Data Corruption in the Storage Stack](http://research.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/corruption-fast08.pdf),” at *6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage
Technologies* (FAST), February 2008.
1. Bianca Schroeder, Raghav Lagisetty, and Arif Merchant:
18. Bianca Schroeder, Raghav Lagisetty, and Arif Merchant:
“[Flash Reliability in Production: The Expected and the Unexpected](https://www.usenix.org/conference/fast16/technical-sessions/presentation/schroeder),” at *14th USENIX Conference on
File and Storage Technologies* (FAST), February 2016.
1. Don Allison:
19. Don Allison:
“[SSD Storage – Ignorance of Technology Is No Excuse](https://blog.korelogic.com/blog/2015/03/24),” *blog.korelogic.com*, March 24, 2015.
1. Dave Scherer:
20. Dave Scherer:
“[Those Are Not Transactions (Cassandra 2.0)](http://web.archive.org/web/20150526065247/http://blog.foundationdb.com/those-are-not-transactions-cassandra-2-0),” *blog.foundationdb.com*, September 6, 2013.
1. Kyle Kingsbury:
21. Kyle Kingsbury:
“[Call Me Maybe: Cassandra](http://aphyr.com/posts/294-call-me-maybe-cassandra/),”
*aphyr.com*, September 24, 2013.
1. “[ACID Support in Aerospike](http://www.aerospike.com/docs/architecture/assets/AerospikeACIDSupport.pdf),” Aerospike, Inc., June 2014.
1. Martin Kleppmann:
22. “[ACID Support in Aerospike](http://www.aerospike.com/docs/architecture/assets/AerospikeACIDSupport.pdf),” Aerospike, Inc., June 2014.
23. Martin Kleppmann:
“[Hermitage: Testing the 'I' in ACID](http://martin.kleppmann.com/2014/11/25/hermitage-testing-the-i-in-acid.html),” *martin.kleppmann.com*, November 25, 2014.
1. Tristan D'Agosta:
24. Tristan D'Agosta:
“[BTC Stolen from Poloniex](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=499580),”
*bitcointalk.org*, March 4, 2014.
1. bitcointhief2:
25. bitcointhief2:
“[How I Stole Roughly 100 BTC from an Exchange and How I Could Have Stolen More!](http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/1wtbiu/how_i_stole_roughly_100_btc_from_an_exchange_and/),” *reddit.com*,
February 2, 2014.
1. Sudhir Jorwekar, Alan Fekete, Krithi Ramamritham, and S. Sudarshan:
26. Sudhir Jorwekar, Alan Fekete, Krithi Ramamritham, and S. Sudarshan:
“[Automating the Detection of Snapshot Isolation Anomalies](http://www.vldb.org/conf/2007/papers/industrial/p1263-jorwekar.pdf),” at *33rd International Conference on
Very Large Data Bases* (VLDB), September 2007.
1. Michael Melanson:
27. Michael Melanson:
“[Transactions: The Limits of Isolation](http://www.michaelmelanson.net/2014/03/20/transactions/),” *michaelmelanson.net*, March 20, 2014.
1. Hal Berenson, Philip A. Bernstein, Jim N. Gray, et al.:
28. Hal Berenson, Philip A. Bernstein, Jim N. Gray, et al.:
“[A Critique of ANSI SQL Isolation Levels](http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/69541/tr-95-51.pdf),”
at *ACM International Conference on Management of Data* (SIGMOD), May 1995.
1. Atul Adya: “[Weak Consistency: A Generalized Theory and Optimistic Implementations for Distributed Transactions](http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/adya-phd.pdf),”
29. Atul Adya: “[Weak Consistency: A Generalized Theory and Optimistic Implementations for Distributed Transactions](http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/adya-phd.pdf),”
PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 1999.
1. Peter Bailis, Aaron Davidson, Alan Fekete, et al.:
30. Peter Bailis, Aaron Davidson, Alan Fekete, et al.:
“[Highly Available Transactions: Virtues and Limitations (Extended Version)](http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0309.pdf),” at *40th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases*
“[Repeatable Read Isolation Level in InnoDB – How Consistent Read View Works](https://blogs.oracle.com/mysqlinnodb/entry/repeatable_read_isolation_level_in),” *blogs.oracle.com*,
January 15, 2013.
1. Nikita Prokopov:
33. Nikita Prokopov:
“[Unofficial Guide to Datomic Internals](http://tonsky.me/blog/unofficial-guide-to-datomic-internals/),” *tonsky.me*, May 6, 2014.
1. Baron Schwartz:
34. Baron Schwartz:
“[Immutability, MVCC, and Garbage Collection](http://www.xaprb.com/blog/2013/12/28/immutability-mvcc-and-garbage-collection/),” *xaprb.com*, December 28, 2013.
1. J. Chris Anderson, Jan Lehnardt, and Noah Slater:
35. J. Chris Anderson, Jan Lehnardt, and Noah Slater:
*CouchDB: The Definitive Guide*. O'Reilly Media, 2010.
ISBN: 978-0-596-15589-6
1. Rikdeb Mukherjee:
36. Rikdeb Mukherjee:
“[Isolation in DB2 (Repeatable Read, Read Stability, Cursor Stability, Uncommitted Read) with Examples](http://mframes.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/isolation-in-cursor.html),”
*mframes.blogspot.co.uk*, July 4, 2013.
1. Steve Hilker:
37. Steve Hilker:
“[Cursor Stability (CS) – IBM DB2 Community](http://www.toadworld.com/platforms/ibmdb2/w/wiki/6661.cursor-stability-cs.aspx),” *toadworld.com*, March 14, 2013.
“[Riak 2.0: Data Types](http://blog.joeljacobson.com/riak-2-0-data-types/),”
*blog.joeljacobson.com*, March 23, 2014.
1. Michael J. Cahill, Uwe Röhm, and Alan Fekete:
40. Michael J. Cahill, Uwe Röhm, and Alan Fekete:
“[Serializable Isolation for Snapshot Databases](http://www.cs.nyu.edu/courses/fall12/CSCI-GA.2434-001/p729-cahill.pdf),” at *ACM International Conference on
“[Serializable Snapshot Isolation in PostgreSQL](http://drkp.net/papers/ssi-vldb12.pdf),”
at *38th International Conference on Very Large Databases* (VLDB), August 2012.
1. Tony Andrews:
42. Tony Andrews:
“[Enforcing Complex Constraints in Oracle](http://tonyandrews.blogspot.co.uk/2004/10/enforcing-complex-constraints-in.html),” *tonyandrews.blogspot.co.uk*, October 15, 2004.
1. Douglas B. Terry, Marvin M. Theimer, Karin Petersen, et al.:
43. Douglas B. Terry, Marvin M. Theimer, Karin Petersen, et al.:
“[Managing Update Conflicts in Bayou, a Weakly Connected Replicated Storage System](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.141.7889&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” at
*15th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles* (SOSP), December 1995.
“[Postgres Serializability Bug](https://github.com/gfredericks/pg-serializability-bug),” *github.com*, September 2015.
1. Michael Stonebraker, Samuel Madden, Daniel J. Abadi, et al.:
45. Michael Stonebraker, Samuel Madden, Daniel J. Abadi, et al.:
“[The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite)](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.137.3697&rep=rep1&type=pdf),” at *33rd International
Conference on Very Large Data Bases* (VLDB), September 2007.
1. John Hugg:
46. John Hugg:
“[H-Store/VoltDB Architecture vs. CEP Systems and Newer Streaming Architectures](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hD5M4a1UVz8),” at *Data @Scale Boston*,
November 2014.
1. Robert Kallman, Hideaki Kimura, Jonathan Natkins, et al.:
47. Robert Kallman, Hideaki Kimura, Jonathan Natkins, et al.:
“[H-Store: A High-Performance, Distributed Main Memory Transaction Processing System](http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/1/1454211.pdf),” *Proceedings of the VLDB
Endowment*, volume 1, number 2, pages 1496–1499, August 2008.
1. Rich Hickey:
48. Rich Hickey:
“[The Architecture of Datomic](http://www.infoq.com/articles/Architecture-Datomic),” *infoq.com*, November 2, 2012.
1. John Hugg:
49. John Hugg:
“[Debunking Myths About the VoltDB In-Memory Database](http://voltdb.com/blog/debunking-myths-about-voltdb-memory-database),” *voltdb.com*, May 12, 2014.
1. Joseph M. Hellerstein, Michael Stonebraker, and James Hamilton:
50. Joseph M. Hellerstein, Michael Stonebraker, and James Hamilton:
“[Architecture of a Database System](http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/fntdb07-architecture.pdf),”
*Foundations and Trends in Databases*, volume 1, number 2, pages 141–259, November 2007.
“[Serializable Isolation for Snapshot Databases](http://cahill.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/cahill-thesis.pdf),” PhD Thesis, University of Sydney, July 2009.
1. D. Z. Badal:
52. D. Z. Badal:
“[Correctness of Concurrency Control and Implications in Distributed Databases](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/762563/),” at *3rd International IEEE Computer Software and
Applications Conference* (COMPSAC), November 1979.
1. Rakesh Agrawal, Michael J. Carey, and Miron Livny:
53. Rakesh Agrawal, Michael J. Carey, and Miron Livny:
“[Concurrency Control Performance Modeling: Alternatives and Implications](http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~brewer/cs262/ConcControl.pdf),” *ACM Transactions on Database
Systems* (TODS), volume 12, number 4, pages 609–654, December 1987.
POSTGIS="2.4.3 r16312"PGSQL="100"GEOS="3.6.2-CAPI-1.10.2 4d2925d6"PROJ="Rel. 4.9.3, 15 August 2016"GDAL="GDAL 1.11.5, released 2016/07/01"LIBXML="2.9.7"LIBJSON="0.12.1"RASTER