# Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserved # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import functools import collections from paddle.trainer.config_parser import * from .activations import LinearActivation, SigmoidActivation, TanhActivation, \ ReluActivation, IdentityActivation, SoftmaxActivation from .evaluators import * from .poolings import MaxPooling, AvgPooling, BasePoolingType from .attrs import * from .default_decorators import * try: import cPickle as pickle except ImportError: import pickle import copy __all__ = [ "full_matrix_projection", "AggregateLevel", "ExpandLevel", "identity_projection", "dotmul_projection", "dotmul_operator", "repeat_layer", "table_projection", "mixed_layer", "data_layer", "embedding_layer", "fc_layer", "grumemory", "pooling_layer", "lstmemory", "last_seq", "first_seq", "cos_sim", "hsigmoid", "conv_projection", "regression_cost", 'classification_cost', "LayerOutput", 'img_conv_layer', 'img_pool_layer', 'batch_norm_layer', 'img_cmrnorm_layer', 'addto_layer', 'concat_layer', 'lstm_step_layer', 'recurrent_group', 'memory', 'StaticInput', 'expand_layer', 'scaling_layer', 'scaling_projection', 'power_layer', 'interpolation_layer', 'bilinear_interp_layer', 'trans_layer', 'sum_to_one_norm_layer', 'get_output_layer', 'LayerType', 'context_projection', 'beam_search', 'maxid_layer', 'GeneratedInput', 'SubsequenceInput', 'gru_step_layer', 'recurrent_layer', 'BaseGeneratedInput', 'conv_operator', 'conv_shift_layer', 'tensor_layer', 'selective_fc_layer', 'sampling_id_layer', 'slope_intercept_layer', 'trans_full_matrix_projection', 'linear_comb_layer', 'convex_comb_layer', 'ctc_layer', 'crf_layer', 'crf_decoding_layer', 'nce_layer', 'cross_entropy_with_selfnorm', 'cross_entropy', 'multi_binary_label_cross_entropy', 'sum_cost', 'rank_cost', 'lambda_cost', 'huber_cost', 'block_expand_layer', 'maxout_layer', 'out_prod_layer', 'print_layer', 'spp_layer', ] class LayerType(object): """ Layer type enumerations. """ DATA = "data" MIXED_LAYER = "mixed" LSTMEMORY = "lstmemory" GRUMEMORY = "gated_recurrent" SEQUENCE_LAST_INSTANCE = "seqlastins" SEQUENCE_FIRST_INSTANCE = "seqfirstins" POOLING_MAX = "max" POOLING_AVG = 'average' FC_LAYER = "fc" COST = 'cost' COSINE_SIM_VEC = 'cos_vm' COSINE_SIM = 'cos' HSIGMOID = 'hsigmoid' CONV_LAYER = "conv" CONVTRANS_LAYER = "convt" POOL_LAYER = "pool" BATCH_NORM_LAYER = 'batch_norm' NORM_LAYER = 'norm' SUM_TO_ONE_NORM_LAYER = 'sum_to_one_norm' ADDTO_LAYER = 'addto' CONCAT_LAYER = 'concat' CONCAT_PROJ_LAYER = 'concat2' LSTM_STEP_LAYER = 'lstm_step' GRU_STEP_LAYER = 'gru_step' GET_OUTPUT_LAYER = 'get_output' EXPAND_LAYER = 'expand' INTERPOLATION_LAYER = 'interpolation' BILINEAR_INTERP_LAYER = 'bilinear_interp' POWER_LAYER = 'power' SCALING_LAYER = 'scaling' TRANS_LAYER = 'trans' OUT_PROD_LAYER = 'out_prod' FEATURE_MAP_EXPAND_LAYER = 'featmap_expand' MEMORY = 'memory' MAXID_LAYER = 'maxid' EOSID_LAYER = 'eos_id' RECURRENT_LAYER = 'recurrent' CONV_SHIFT_LAYER = "conv_shift" TENSOR_LAYER = "tensor" SEL_FC_LAYER = "selective_fc" SAMPLING_ID_LAYER = "sampling_id" SLOPE_INTERCEPT_LAYER = "slope_intercept" LINEAR_COMBINATION_LAYER = "convex_comb" BLOCK_EXPAND = "blockexpand" MAXOUT = "maxout" SPP_LAYER = "spp" PRINT_LAYER = "print" CTC_LAYER = "ctc" CRF_LAYER = "crf" CRF_DECODING_LAYER = "crf_decoding" NCE_LAYER = 'nce' RANK_COST = "rank-cost" LAMBDA_COST = "lambda_cost" HUBER = "huber" CROSS_ENTROPY = "multi-class-cross-entropy" CROSS_ENTROPY_WITH_SELFNORM = "multi_class_cross_entropy_with_selfnorm" SOFT_BIN_CLASS_CROSS_ENTROPY = "soft_binary_class_cross_entropy" MULTI_BIN_LABEL_CROSS_ENTROPY = "multi_binary_label_cross_entropy" SUM_COST = "sum_cost" @staticmethod def is_layer_type(type_name): """ If type_name is a layer type. :param type_name: layer type name. Because layer type enumerations are strings. :type type_name: basestring :return: True if is a layer_type :rtype: bool """ for key in dir(LayerType): if key.isupper(): att = getattr(LayerType, key) if isinstance(att, basestring) and type_name == att: return True return False class AggregateLevel(object): EACH_TIMESTEP = 'non-seq' EACH_SEQUENCE = 'seq' class LayerOutput(object): """ LayerOutput is output for layer function. It is used internally by several reasons. - Check layer connection make sense. - FC(Softmax) => Cost(MSE Error) is not good for example. - Tracking layer connection. - Pass to layer methods as input. :param name: Layer output name. :type name: basestring :param layer_type: Current Layer Type. One of LayerType enumeration. :type layer_type: basestring :param activation: Layer Activation. :type activation: BaseActivation. :param parents: Layer's parents. :type parents: list|tuple|collections.Sequence """ def __init__(self, name, layer_type, parents=None, activation=None, num_filters=None, img_norm_type=None, size=None, outputs=None, reverse=None): assert isinstance(name, basestring) assert isinstance(layer_type, basestring) assert size is not None assert LayerType.is_layer_type(layer_type) self.name = name self.layer_type = layer_type if parents is not None and type(parents) != list: parents = [parents] self.parents = [] if parents is None else parents self.activation = activation self.num_filters = num_filters self.img_norm_type = img_norm_type self.size = size if outputs is None: outputs = ['default'] self.outputs = outputs self.reverse = reverse def __repr__(self): """ Disable __repr__ for debug reason. Will be implemented when release """ assert False, "this method should not be invoked" def __str__(self): """ Disable __str__ for debug reason. Will be implemented when release """ assert False, "this method should not be invoked" ERROR_CLIPPING = 'error_clipping_threshold' DROPOUT = 'drop_rate' DEVICE = 'device' def layer_support(*attrs): attrs_list = list(attrs) attrs_list.append(DEVICE) def decorator(method): @functools.wraps(method) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): for attr in attrs_list: for each in args: if isinstance(each, ExtraLayerAttribute): setattr(each, '_'.join(['can', attr]), True) for key in kwargs: val = kwargs[key] if isinstance(val, ExtraLayerAttribute): setattr(val, '_'.join(['can', attr]), True) for each in args: if isinstance(each, ExtraLayerAttribute): each.check(method.__name__) for key in kwargs: val = kwargs[key] if isinstance(val, ExtraLayerAttribute): val.check(method.__name__) return method(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper return decorator @wrap_param_attr_default() def full_matrix_projection(input, size=0, param_attr=None): """ Full Matrix Projection. It performs full matrix multiplication. .. math:: out.row[i] += in.row[i] * weight There are two styles of usage. 1. When used in mixed_layer like this, you can only set the input: .. code-block:: python with mixed_layer(size=100) as m: m += full_matrix_projection(input=layer) 2. When used as an independant object like this, you must set the size: .. code-block:: python proj = full_matrix_projection(input=layer, size=100, param_attr=ParamAttr(name='_proj')) :param input: input layer :type input: LayerOutput :param size: The parameter size. Means the width of parameter. :type size: int :param param_attr: Parameter config, None if use default. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :return: A FullMatrixProjection Object. :rtype: FullMatrixProjection """ proj = FullMatrixProjection( input_layer_name=input.name, size=size, **param_attr.attr) proj.origin = input return proj @wrap_param_attr_default() def trans_full_matrix_projection(input, size=0, param_attr=None): """ Different from full_matrix_projection, this projection performs matrix multiplication, using transpose of weight. .. math:: out.row[i] += in.row[i] * w^\mathrm{T} :math:`w^\mathrm{T}` means transpose of weight. The simply usage is: .. code-block:: python proj = trans_full_matrix_projection(input=layer, size=100, param_attr=ParamAttr( name='_proj', initial_mean=0.0, initial_std=0.01)) :param input: input layer :type input: LayerOutput :param size: The parameter size. Means the width of parameter. :type size: int :param param_attr: Parameter config, None if use default. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :return: A TransposedFullMatrixProjection Object. :rtype: TransposedFullMatrixProjection """ proj = TransposedFullMatrixProjection( input_layer_name=input.name, size=size, **param_attr.attr) proj.origin = input return proj @wrap_param_attr_default() def table_projection(input, size=0, param_attr=None): """ Table Projection. It selects rows from parameter where row\_id is in input\_ids. .. math:: out.row[i] += table.row[ids[i]] where :math:`out` is output, :math:`table` is parameter, :math:`ids` is input\_ids, and :math:`i` is row\_id. There are two styles of usage. 1. When used in mixed_layer like this, you can only set the input: .. code-block:: python with mixed_layer(size=100) as m: m += table_projection(input=layer) 2. When used as an independant object like this, you must set the size: .. code-block:: python proj = table_projection(input=layer, size=100, param_attr=ParamAttr(name='_proj')) :param input: Input layer, which must contains id fields. :type input: LayerOutput :param size: The parameter size. Means the width of parameter. :type size: int :param param_attr: Parameter config, None if use default. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :return: A TableProjection Object. :rtype: TableProjection """ proj = TableProjection( input_layer_name=input.name, size=size, **param_attr.attr) proj.origin = input return proj def identity_projection(input, offset=None): """ 1. IdentityProjection if offset=None. It performs: .. math:: out.row[i] += in.row[i] The example usage is: .. code-block:: python proj = identity_projection(input=layer) 2. IdentityOffsetProjection if offset!=None. It likes IdentityProjection, but layer size may be smaller than input size. It select dimesions [offset, offset+layer_size) from input: .. math:: out.row[i] += in.row[i + \\textrm{offset}] The example usage is: .. code-block:: python proj = identity_projection(input=layer, offset=10) Note that both of two projections should not have any parameter. :param input: Input Layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param offset: Offset, None if use default. :type offset: int :return: A IdentityProjection or IdentityOffsetProjection object :rtype: IdentityProjection or IdentityOffsetProjection """ if offset is None: proj = IdentityProjection(input_layer_name=input.name) proj.origin = input else: proj = IdentityOffsetProjection( input_layer_name=input.name, offset=offset) proj.origin = input return proj @wrap_param_attr_default() def scaling_projection(input, param_attr=None): """ scaling_projection multiplies the input with a scalar parameter and add to the output. .. math:: out += w * in The example usage is: .. code-block:: python proj = scaling_projection(input=layer) :param input: Input Layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param param_attr: Parameter config, None if use default. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :return: A ScalingProjection object :rtype: ScalingProjection """ proj = ScalingProjection(input_layer_name=input.name, **param_attr.attr) proj.origin = input return proj @wrap_param_attr_default() def dotmul_projection(input, param_attr=None): """ DotMulProjection with a layer as input. It performs element-wise multiplication with weight. .. math:: out.row[i] += in.row[i] .* weight where :math:`.*` means element-wise multiplication. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python proj = dotmul_projection(input=layer) :param input: Input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param param_attr: Parameter config, None if use default. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :return: A DotMulProjection Object. :rtype: DotMulProjection """ proj = DotMulProjection( input_layer_name=input.name, size=input.size, **param_attr.attr) proj.origin = input return proj def dotmul_operator(a=None, b=None, scale=1, **kwargs): """ DotMulOperator takes two inputs and performs element-wise multiplication: .. math:: out.row[i] += scale * (x.row[i] .* y.row[i]) where :math:`.*` means element-wise multiplication, and scale is a config scalar, its default value is one. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python op = dotmul_operator(x=layer1, y=layer2, scale=0.5) :param a: Input layer1 :type a: LayerOutput :param b: Input layer2 :type b: LayerOutput :param scale: config scalar, default value is one. :type scale: float :return: A DotMulOperator Object. :rtype: DotMulOperator """ if 'x' in kwargs or 'y' in kwargs: logger.warning('x and y arguments for dotmul_operator is deprecated. ' 'Please use a and b as parameter.') a = kwargs.get('x', a) # For Backward capacity. b = kwargs.get('y', b) assert isinstance(a, LayerOutput) assert isinstance(b, LayerOutput) if a.size is not None and b.size is not None: assert a.size == b.size op = DotMulOperator(input_layer_names=[a.name, b.name], scale=scale) op.origin = [a, b] return op @wrap_bias_attr_default(['padding_attr']) def context_projection(input, context_len, context_start=None, padding_attr=False): """ Context Projection. It just simply reorganizes input sequence, combines "context_len" sequence to one context from context_start. "context_start" will be set to -(context_len - 1) / 2 by default. If context position out of sequence length, padding will be filled as zero if padding_attr = False, otherwise it is trainable. For example, origin sequence is [A B C D E F G], context len is 3, then after context projection and not set padding_attr, sequence will be [ 0AB ABC BCD CDE DEF EFG FG0 ]. :param input: Input Sequence. :type input: LayerOutput :param context_len: context length. :type context_len: int :param context_start: context start position. Default is -(context_len - 1)/2 :type context_start: int :param padding_attr: Padding Parameter Attribute. If false, it means padding always be zero. Otherwise Padding is learnable, and parameter attribute is set by this parameter. :type padding_attr: bool|ParameterAttribute :return: Projection :rtype: Projection """ context_start = -( context_len - 1) / 2 if context_start is None else context_start extra_dict = dict() trainable = isinstance(padding_attr, ParameterAttribute) if trainable: extra_dict = padding_attr.attr proj = ContextProjection( input_layer_name=input.name, context_length=context_len, context_start=context_start, trainable_padding=trainable, **extra_dict) proj.origin = input return proj class MixedLayerType(LayerOutput): """ The internal object for trainer_helpers. """ class AddToSealedMixedLayerException(Exception): def __init__(self): Exception.__init__(self) def __init__(self, name, size, act, bias_attr, layer_attr, parents=None): """ Ctor. :param name: layer name. :type name: basestring :param size: layer size. :type size: int :param act: activation type. :type act: BaseActivation :param bias_attr: The Bias Attribute. If no bias, then pass False or something not type of ParameterAttribute. None will get a default Bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute or None means has bias. Any other type means no bias. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute or None """ LayerOutput.__init__( self, name, LayerType.MIXED_LAYER, parents, size=size, activation=act) self.bias_attr = bias_attr self.layer_attr = layer_attr self.inputs = [] self.finalized = False def __iadd__(self, other): """ + += operator :param other: Other projection. :type other: Projection :return: self. :rtype: MixedLayerType """ if not self.finalized: assert isinstance(other, Projection) or isinstance(other, Operator) self.inputs.append(other) if isinstance(other, Projection): self.parents.append(other.origin) else: self.parents.extend(other.origin) return self else: raise MixedLayerType.AddToSealedMixedLayerException() def __enter__(self): assert len(self.inputs) == 0 return self def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs): del args, kwargs # unused parameter to suppress warning assert len(self.inputs) != 0 ml = MixedLayer( name=self.name, size=self.size, active_type=self.activation.name, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(self.bias_attr), inputs=self.inputs, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(self.layer_attr)) # update the size which might be computed inside MixedLayer # according to the operator's output size self.size = ml.config.size @wrap_name_default("mixed") @wrap_act_default(act=LinearActivation()) @wrap_bias_attr_default(has_bias=False) @layer_support(ERROR_CLIPPING, DROPOUT) def mixed_layer(size=0, input=None, name=None, act=None, bias_attr=False, layer_attr=None): """ Mixed Layer. A mixed layer will add all inputs together, then activate. Each inputs is a projection or operator. There are two styles of usages. 1. When not set inputs parameter, use mixed_layer like this: .. code-block:: python with mixed_layer(size=256) as m: m += full_matrix_projection(input=layer1) m += identity_projection(input=layer2) 2. You can also set all inputs when invoke mixed_layer as follows: .. code-block:: python m = mixed_layer(size=256, input=[full_matrix_projection(input=layer1), full_matrix_projection(input=layer2)]) :param name: mixed layer name. Can be referenced by other layer. :type name: basestring :param size: layer size. :type size: int :param input: inputs layer. It is an optional parameter. If set, then this function will just return layer's name. :param act: Activation Type. :type act: BaseActivation :param bias_attr: The Bias Attribute. If no bias, then pass False or something not type of ParameterAttribute. None will get a default Bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute or None or bool :param layer_attr: The extra layer config. Default is None. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: MixedLayerType object can add inputs or layer name. :rtype: MixedLayerType """ if input is None: return MixedLayerType(name, size, act, bias_attr, layer_attr) else: with mixed_layer( name=name, size=size, act=act, bias_attr=bias_attr, layer_attr=layer_attr) as m: if isinstance(input, collections.Sequence): for each in input: m += each else: m += input return m @layer_support() def data_layer(name, size, layer_attr=None): """ Define DataLayer For NeuralNetwork. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python data = data_layer(name="input", size=1000) :param name: Name of this data layer. :type name: basestring :param size: Size of this data layer. :type size: int :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ Layer( type=LayerType.DATA, name=name, size=size, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.DATA, size=size) @wrap_name_default("embedding") @wrap_param_attr_default() @layer_support(ERROR_CLIPPING) def embedding_layer(input, size, name=None, param_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ Define a embedding Layer. :param name: Name of this embedding layer. :type name: basestring :param input: The input layer for this embedding. NOTE: must be Index Data. :type input: LayerOutput :param size: The embedding dimension. :type size: int :param param_attr: The embedding parameter attribute. See ParameterAttribute for details. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute|None :param layer_attr: Extra layer Config. Default is None. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ with mixed_layer( name=name, size=size, act=LinearActivation(), bias_attr=False, layer_attr=layer_attr) as mix: mix += table_projection(input=input, size=size, param_attr=param_attr) return mix @wrap_name_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_act_default() @layer_support(ERROR_CLIPPING, DROPOUT) def fc_layer(input, size, act=None, name=None, param_attr=None, bias_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ Helper for declare fully connected layer. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python fc = fc_layer(input=layer, size=1024, act=LinearActivation(), bias_attr=False) which is equal to: .. code-block:: python with mixed_layer(size=1024) as fc: fc += full_matrix_projection(input=layer) :param name: The Layer Name. :type name: basestring :param input: The input layer. Could be a list/tuple of input layer. :type input: LayerOutput|list|tuple :param size: The layer dimension. :type size: int :param act: Activation Type. Default is tanh. :type act: BaseActivation :param param_attr: The Parameter Attribute|list. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param bias_attr: The Bias Attribute. If no bias, then pass False or something not type of ParameterAttribute. None will get a default Bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|Any :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if isinstance(input, LayerOutput): input = [input] assert not isinstance(param_attr, collections.Sequence) param_attr = [param_attr] else: if isinstance(param_attr, collections.Sequence): assert len(input) == len(param_attr) else: param_attr = [copy.deepcopy(param_attr) for _ in range(len(input))] assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) Layer( inputs=[ Input(ipt.name, **attr.attr) for ipt, attr in zip(input, param_attr) ], name=name, type=LayerType.FC_LAYER, size=size, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), active_type=act.name, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.FC_LAYER, input, activation=act, size=size) @wrap_name_default("print") def print_layer(input, name=None): """ Print the output value of input layers. This layer is useful for debugging. :param name: The Layer Name. :type name: basestring :param input: The input layer. Could be a list/tuple of input layer. :type input: LayerOutput|list|tuple :return: LayerOutput """ if isinstance(input, LayerOutput): input = [input] assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) # list or tuple for each in input: assert isinstance(each, LayerOutput) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.PRINT_LAYER, inputs=[l.name for l in input], ) # this layer don't return anything, can not be input of other layer. @wrap_name_default("seq_pooling") @wrap_bias_attr_default(has_bias=False) @wrap_param_default(['pooling_type'], default_factory=lambda _: MaxPooling()) @layer_support() def pooling_layer(input, pooling_type=None, name=None, bias_attr=None, agg_level=AggregateLevel.EACH_TIMESTEP, layer_attr=None): """ Pooling layer for sequence inputs, not used for Image. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python seq_pool = pooling_layer(input=layer, pooling_type=AvgPooling(), agg_level=AggregateLevel.EACH_SEQUENCE) :param agg_level: AggregateLevel.EACH_TIMESTEP or AggregateLevel.EACH_SEQUENCE :type agg_level: AggregateLevel :param name: layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: input layer name. :type input: LayerOutput :param pooling_type: Type of pooling, MaxPooling(default), AvgPooling, SumPooling, SquareRootNPooling. :type pooling_type: BasePoolingType|None :param bias_attr: Bias parameter attribute. False if no bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|False :param layer_attr: The Extra Attributes for layer, such as dropout. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerType """ extra_dict = dict() # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences if isinstance(pooling_type, AvgPooling): extra_dict['average_strategy'] = pooling_type.strategy elif isinstance(pooling_type, MaxPooling) and \ pooling_type.output_max_index is not None: assert isinstance(pooling_type.output_max_index, bool) extra_dict['output_max_index'] = pooling_type.output_max_index extra_dict.update(ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) Layer( name=name, type=pooling_type.name, inputs=[Input(input.name)], bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), trans_type=agg_level, **extra_dict) return LayerOutput( name, pooling_type.name, parents=[input], size=input.size) @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @wrap_act_default(param_names=['gate_act'], act=SigmoidActivation()) @wrap_act_default(param_names=["act", 'state_act'], act=TanhActivation()) @wrap_name_default("lstmemory") @layer_support(DROPOUT) def lstmemory(input, name=None, reverse=False, act=None, gate_act=None, size=None, state_act=None, bias_attr=None, param_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ Long Short-term Memory Cell. The memory cell was implemented as follow equations. .. math:: i_t & = \\sigma(W_{xi}x_{t} + W_{hi}h_{t-1} + W_{ci}c_{t-1} + b_i) f_t & = \\sigma(W_{xf}x_{t} + W_{hf}h_{t-1} + W_{cf}c_{t-1} + b_f) c_t & = f_tc_{t-1} + i_t tanh (W_{xc}x_t+W_{hc}h_{t-1} + b_c) o_t & = \\sigma(W_{xo}x_{t} + W_{ho}h_{t-1} + W_{co}c_t + b_o) h_t & = o_t tanh(c_t) NOTE: In PaddlePaddle's implementation, the multiplications :math:`W_{xi}x_{t}` , :math:`W_{xf}x_{t}`, :math:`W_{xc}x_t`, :math:`W_{xo}x_{t}` are not done in the lstmemory layer, so an additional mixed_layer with full_matrix_projection or a fc_layer must be included in the configuration file to complete the input-to-hidden mappings before lstmemory is called. NOTE: This is a low level user interface. You can use network.simple_lstm to config a simple plain lstm layer. Please refer to **Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks** for more details about LSTM. Link_ goes as below. .. _Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.0850 :param name: The lstmemory layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: input layer name. :type input: LayerOutput :param reverse: is sequence process reversed or not. :type reverse: bool :param act: activation type, TanhActivation by default. :math:`h_t` :type act: BaseActivation :param gate_act: gate activation type, SigmoidActivation by default. :type gate_act: BaseActivation :param state_act: state activation type, TanhActivation by default. :type state_act: BaseActivation :param bias_attr: Bias attribute. None means default bias. False means no bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|False :param param_attr: Parameter Attribute. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|False :param layer_attr: Extra Layer attribute :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert gate_act.support_hppl assert state_act.support_hppl assert act.support_hppl assert input.size is not None and input.size % 4 == 0 if size is not None: if input.size / 4 == size: plog = logger.warning else: plog = logger.fatal plog("NOTE: The lstmemory layer[%s]'s size is set by previous input " "layer. The lstm size should be equal with input layer size/4. The" " size which is set explicitly will be ignored." % name) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.LSTMEMORY, active_type=act.name, active_state_type=state_act.name, active_gate_type=gate_act.name, reversed=reverse, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), inputs=[Input(input.name, **param_attr.attr)], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.LSTMEMORY, [input], size=input.size / 4, reverse=reverse) @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @wrap_act_default(param_names=['gate_act'], act=SigmoidActivation()) @wrap_act_default(param_names=["act"], act=TanhActivation()) @wrap_name_default("gru") @layer_support(DROPOUT) def grumemory(input, name=None, reverse=False, act=None, gate_act=None, size=None, bias_attr=None, param_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ Gate Recurrent Unit Layer. The memory cell was implemented as follow equations. 1. update gate :math:`z`: defines how much of the previous memory to keep around or the unit updates its activations. The update gate is computed by: .. math:: z_t = \\sigma(W_{z}x_{t} + U_{z}h_{t-1} + b_z) 2. reset gate :math:`r`: determines how to combine the new input with the previous memory. The reset gate is computed similarly to the update gate: .. math:: r_t = \\sigma(W_{r}x_{t} + U_{r}h_{t-1} + b_r) 3. The candidate activation :math:`\\tilde{h_t}` is computed similarly to that of the traditional recurrent unit: .. math:: {\\tilde{h_t}} = tanh(W x_{t} + U (r_{t} \odot h_{t-1}) + b) 4. The hidden activation :math:`h_t` of the GRU at time t is a linear interpolation between the previous activation :math:`h_{t-1}` and the candidate activation :math:`\\tilde{h_t}`: .. math:: h_t = (1 - z_t) h_{t-1} + z_t {\\tilde{h_t}} NOTE: In PaddlePaddle's implementation, the multiplication operations :math:`W_{r}x_{t}`, :math:`W_{z}x_{t}` and :math:`W x_t` are not computed in gate_recurrent layer. Consequently, an additional mixed_layer with full_matrix_projection or a fc_layer must be included before grumemory is called. More details can be found by referring to `Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling. `_ The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python gru = grumemory(input) :param name: The gru layer name. :type name: None|basestring :param input: input layer. :type input: LayerOutput. :param reverse: Whether sequence process is reversed or not. :type reverse: bool :param act: activation type, TanhActivation by default. This activation affects the :math:`{\\tilde{h_t}}`. :type act: BaseActivation :param gate_act: gate activation type, SigmoidActivation by default. This activation affects the :math:`z_t` and :math:`r_t`. It is the :math:`\\sigma` in the above formula. :type gate_act: BaseActivation :param bias_attr: Bias attribute. None means default bias. False means no bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|False :param param_attr: Parameter Attribute. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|False :param layer_attr: Extra Layer attribute :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :param size: Stub parameter of size, but actually not used. If set this size will get a warning. :type size: None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert act.support_hppl assert gate_act.support_hppl assert input.size is not None and input.size % 3 == 0 if size is not None: if input.size / 3 == size: plog = logger.warning else: plog = logger.fatal plog("NOTE: the gru memory layer's size is set by previous input layer," " and should be input size / 3. Set size explicitly will be " "ignored.") Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.GRUMEMORY, active_type=act.name, active_gate_type=gate_act.name, reversed=reverse, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), inputs=[Input(input.name, **param_attr.attr)], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.GRUMEMORY, [input], size=input.size / 3, reverse=reverse) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def last_seq(input, name=None, agg_level=AggregateLevel.EACH_TIMESTEP, layer_attr=None): """ Get Last Timestamp Activation of a sequence. :param agg_level: Aggregated level :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: Input layer name. :type input: LayerOutput :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if input.reverse is not None and input.reverse: logger.warning("You are getting the last instance of a sequence that" " is a output of a REVERSED layer. There is no time" " series information at all. Maybe you want to use" " first_seq instead.") Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SEQUENCE_LAST_INSTANCE, inputs=[input.name], trans_type=agg_level, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.SEQUENCE_LAST_INSTANCE, parents=[input], size=input.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def first_seq(input, name=None, agg_level=AggregateLevel.EACH_TIMESTEP, layer_attr=None): """ Get First Timestamp Activation of a sequence. :param agg_level: aggregation level :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: Input layer name. :type input: LayerOutput :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if input.reverse is not None and not input.reverse: logger.warning('You are getting the first instance for a time series,' ' and it is a normal recurrent layer output. There is no' ' time series information at all. Maybe you want to use' ' last_seq instead.') Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SEQUENCE_FIRST_INSTANCE, inputs=[input.name], trans_type=agg_level, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.SEQUENCE_FIRST_INSTANCE, parents=[input], size=input.size) class ExpandLevel(object): FROM_TIMESTEP = AggregateLevel.EACH_TIMESTEP FROM_SEQUENCE = AggregateLevel.EACH_SEQUENCE @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def expand_layer(input, expand_as, name=None, bias_attr=False, expand_level=ExpandLevel.FROM_TIMESTEP, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for "Expand Dense data or (sequence data where the length of each sequence is one) to sequence data." The example usage is: .. code-block:: python expand = expand_layer(input=layer1, expand_as=layer2, expand_level=ExpandLevel.FROM_TIMESTEP) :param input: Input layer :type input: LayerOutput :param expand_as: Expand as this layer's sequence info. :type expand_as: LayerOutput :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param bias_attr: Bias attribute. None means default bias. False means no bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|False :param expand_level: whether input layer is timestep(default) or sequence. :type expand_level: ExpandLevel :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ Layer( inputs=[input.name, expand_as.name], name=name, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr=bias_attr), type=LayerType.EXPAND_LAYER, trans_type=expand_level, **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, size=input.size, layer_type=LayerType.EXPAND_LAYER, parents=[input, expand_as]) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def repeat_layer(input, num_repeats, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for repeating the input for num_repeats times. This is equivalent to apply concat_layer() with num_repeats same input. .. math:: y = [x, x, \cdots, x] The example usage is: .. code-block:: python expand = repeat_layer(layer, 4) :param input: Input layer :type input: LayerOutput :param num_repeats: Repeat the input so many times :type num_repeats: int :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ l = Layer( inputs=[input.name], name=name, num_filters=num_repeats, type=LayerType.FEATURE_MAP_EXPAND_LAYER, **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, size=l.config.size, layer_type=LayerType.FEATURE_MAP_EXPAND_LAYER, parents=[input]) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def interpolation_layer(input, weight, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ This layer is for linear interpolation with two inputs, which is used in NEURAL TURING MACHINE. .. math:: y.row[i] = w[i] * x_1.row[i] + (1 - w[i]) * x_2.row[i] where :math:`x_1` and :math:`x_2` are two (batchSize x dataDim) inputs, :math:`w` is (batchSize x 1) weight vector, and :math:`y` is (batchSize x dataDim) output. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python interpolation = interpolation_layer(input=[layer1, layer2], weight=layer3) :param input: Input layer. :type input: list|tuple :param weight: Weight layer. :type weight: LayerOutput :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) assert len(input) == 2 assert isinstance(input[0], LayerOutput) and isinstance(input[1], LayerOutput) if input[0].size is not None and input[1].size is not None: assert input[0].size == input[1].size assert isinstance(weight, LayerOutput) if weight.size is not None: assert weight.size == 1 Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.INTERPOLATION_LAYER, inputs=[weight.name, input[0].name, input[1].name], **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.INTERPOLATION_LAYER, parents=[weight, input[0], input[1]], size=input[0].size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def bilinear_interp_layer(input, out_size_x=None, out_size_y=None, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ This layer is to implement bilinear interpolation on conv layer output. Please refer to Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python bilinear = bilinear_interp_layer(input=layer1, out_size_x=64, out_size_y=64) :param input: A input layer. :type input: LayerOutput. :param out_size_x: bilinear interpolation output width. :type out_size_x: int|None :param out_size_y: bilinear interpolation output height. :type out_size_y: int|None :param name: The layer's name, which cna not be specified. :type name: None|basestring :param layer_attr: Extra Layer attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert input.layer_type == LayerType.CONV_LAYER assert isinstance(input.activation, LinearActivation) assert out_size_x > 0 and out_size_y > 0 assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters l = Layer( name=name, inputs=Input( input.name, bilinear_interp=BilinearInterp( out_size_x=out_size_x, out_size_y=out_size_y, num_channels=num_channels)), type=LayerType.BILINEAR_INTERP_LAYER, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.BILINEAR_INTERP_LAYER, parents=[input], num_filters=num_channels, size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def power_layer(input, weight, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ This layer applies a power function to a vector element-wise, which is used in NEURAL TURING MACHINE. .. math:: y = x^w where :math:`x` is a input vector, :math:`w` is scalar weight, and :math:`y` is a output vector. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python power = power_layer(input=layer1, weight=layer2) :param input: Input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param weight: Weight layer. :type weight: LayerOutput :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) and isinstance(weight, LayerOutput) if weight.size is not None: assert weight.size == 1 Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.POWER_LAYER, inputs=[weight.name, input.name], **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.POWER_LAYER, parents=[input, weight], size=input.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def scaling_layer(input, weight, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for multiplying input vector by weight scalar. .. math:: y = w x where :math:`x` is size=dataDim input, :math:`w` is size=1 weight, and :math:`y` is size=dataDim output. Note that the above computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are processed in one batch. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python scale = scaling_layer(input=layer1, weight=layer2) :param input: Input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param weight: Weight layer. :type weight: LayerOutput :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(weight, LayerOutput) and isinstance(input, LayerOutput) if weight.size is not None: assert weight.size == 1 Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SCALING_LAYER, inputs=[weight.name, input.name], **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.SCALING_LAYER, parents=[weight, input], size=input.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def trans_layer(input, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for transposition. .. math:: y = x^\mathrm{T} where :math:`x` is (M x N) input, and :math:`y` is (N x M) output. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python trans = trans_layer(input=layer) :param input: Input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.TRANS_LAYER, inputs=[input.name], **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.TRANS_LAYER, parents=[input], size=input.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def cos_sim(a, b, scale=5, size=1, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ Cosine Similarity Layer. The cosine similarity equation is here. .. math:: similarity = cos(\\theta) = {\\mathbf{a} \\cdot \\mathbf{b} \\over \\|\\mathbf{a}\\| \\|\\mathbf{b}\\|} The size of a is M, size of b is M*N, Similarity will be calculated N times by step M. The output size is N. The scale will be multiplied to similarity. Note that the above computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are processed in one batch. :param name: layer name :type name: basestring :param a: input layer a :type a: LayerOutput :param b: input layer b :type b: LayerOutput :param scale: scale for cosine value. default is 5. :type scale: float :param size: layer size. NOTE size_a * size should equal size_b. :type size: int :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(a, LayerOutput) and isinstance(b, LayerOutput) if size == 1: Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.COSINE_SIM, cos_scale=scale, inputs=[a.name, b.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) else: if a.size is not None and b.size is not None: assert size == b.size / a.size Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.COSINE_SIM_VEC, size=size, cos_scale=scale, inputs=[a.name, b.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.COSINE_SIM, parents=[a, b], size=size) @wrap_name_default() @wrap_bias_attr_default(has_bias=True) @wrap_param_attr_default() @layer_support() def hsigmoid(input, label, num_classes, name=None, bias_attr=None, param_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ Organize the classes into a binary tree. At each node, a sigmoid function is used to calculate the probability of belonging to the right branch. This idea is from "F. Morin, Y. Bengio (AISTATS 05): Hierarchical Probabilistic Neural Network Language Model." The example usage is: .. code-block:: python cost = hsigmoid(input=[layer1, layer2], label=data_layer, num_classes=3) :param input: Input layers. It could be a LayerOutput or list/tuple of LayerOutput. :type input: LayerOutput|list|tuple :param label: Label layer. :type label: LayerOutput :param num_classes: number of classes. :type num_classes: int :param name: layer name :type name: basestring :param bias_attr: Bias attribute. None means default bias. False means no bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|False :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if isinstance(input, LayerOutput): input = [input] if not isinstance(param_attr, collections.Sequence): param_attr = [param_attr] else: if not isinstance(param_attr, collections.Sequence): param_attr = [param_attr] * len(input) else: assert len(param_attr) == len(input) assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) assert isinstance(label, LayerOutput) assert label.layer_type == LayerType.DATA ipts_for_layer = [] parents = [] for each_input, each_param_attr in zip(input, param_attr): assert isinstance(each_input, LayerOutput) ipts_for_layer.append(Input(each_input.name, **each_param_attr.attr)) parents.append(each_input) ipts_for_layer.append(label.name) parents.append(label) l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.HSIGMOID, num_classes=num_classes, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), inputs=ipts_for_layer, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.HSIGMOID, parents=parents, size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default("conv") @wrap_param_attr_default() @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_act_default(act=ReluActivation()) @layer_support(DROPOUT) def img_conv_layer(input, filter_size, num_filters, name=None, num_channels=None, act=None, groups=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias_attr=None, param_attr=None, shared_biases=True, layer_attr=None, filter_size_y=None, stride_y=None, padding_y=None, trans=False): """ Convolution layer for image. Paddle only support square input currently and thus input image's width equals height. The details of convolution layer, please refer UFLDL's `convolution `_ . Convolution Transpose (deconv) layer for image. Paddle only support square input currently and thus input image's width equals height. The details of convolution transpose layer, please refer to the following explanation and references therein `_ . The num_channel means input image's channel number. It may be 1 or 3 when input is raw pixels of image(mono or RGB), or it may be the previous layer's num_filters * num_group. There are several group of filter in PaddlePaddle implementation. Each group will process some channel of the inputs. For example, if an input num_channel = 256, group = 4, num_filter=32, the PaddlePaddle will create 32*4 = 128 filters to process inputs. The channels will be split into 4 pieces. First 256/4 = 64 channels will process by first 32 filters. The rest channels will be processed by rest group of filters. :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: Layer Input. :type input: LayerOutput :param filter_size: The x dimension of a filter kernel. Or input a tuple for two image dimension. :type filter_size: int|tuple|list :param filter_size_y: The y dimension of a filter kernel. Since PaddlePaddle currently supports rectangular filters, the filter's shape will be (filter_size, filter_size_y). :type filter_size_y: int|None :param num_filters: Each filter group's number of filter :param act: Activation type. Default is tanh :type act: BaseActivation :param groups: Group size of filters. :type groups: int :param stride: The x dimension of the stride. Or input a tuple for two image dimension. :type stride: int|tuple|list :param stride_y: The y dimension of the stride. :type stride_y: int :param padding: The x dimension of the padding. Or input a tuple for two image dimension :type padding: int|tuple|list :param padding_y: The y dimension of the padding. :type padding_y: int :param bias_attr: Convolution bias attribute. None means default bias. False means no bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|False :param num_channels: number of input channels. If None will be set automatically from previous output. :type num_channels: int :param param_attr: Convolution param attribute. None means default attribute :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param shared_biases: Is biases will be shared between filters or not. :type shared_biases: bool :param layer_attr: Layer Extra Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :param trans: true if it is a convTransLayer, false if it is a convLayer :type trans: bool :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if num_channels is None: assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters if filter_size_y is None: if isinstance(filter_size, collections.Sequence): assert len(filter_size) == 2 filter_size, filter_size_y = filter_size else: filter_size_y = filter_size if stride_y is None: if isinstance(stride, collections.Sequence): assert len(stride) == 2 stride, stride_y = stride else: stride_y = stride if padding_y is None: if isinstance(padding, collections.Sequence): assert len(padding) == 2 padding, padding_y = padding else: padding_y = padding if param_attr.attr.get('initial_smart'): # special initial for conv layers. init_w = (2.0 / (filter_size**2 * num_channels))**0.5 param_attr.attr["initial_mean"] = 0.0 param_attr.attr["initial_std"] = init_w param_attr.attr["initial_strategy"] = 0 param_attr.attr["initial_smart"] = False lt = LayerType.CONVTRANS_LAYER if trans else LayerType.CONV_LAYER l = Layer( name=name, inputs=Input( input.name, conv=Conv( filter_size=filter_size, padding=padding, stride=stride, channels=num_channels, groups=groups, filter_size_y=filter_size_y, padding_y=padding_y, stride_y=stride_y), **param_attr.attr), active_type=act.name, num_filters=num_filters, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), shared_biases=shared_biases, type=lt, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, lt, parents=[input], activation=act, num_filters=num_filters, size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default("pool") @layer_support() def img_pool_layer(input, pool_size, name=None, num_channels=None, pool_type=None, stride=1, padding=0, layer_attr=None, pool_size_y=None, stride_y=None, padding_y=None, img_width=None): """ Image pooling Layer. The details of pooling layer, please refer ufldl's pooling_ . .. _pooling: http://ufldl.stanford.edu/tutorial/supervised/Pooling/ :param padding: pooling padding width. :type padding: int :param padding_y: pooling padding height. It's equal to padding by default. :type padding_y: int|None :param name: name of pooling layer :type name: basestring. :param input: layer's input :type input: LayerOutput :param pool_size: pooling window width :type pool_size: int :param pool_size_y: pooling window height. It's eaqual to pool_size by default. :type pool_size_y: int|None :param num_channels: number of input channel. :type num_channels: int :param pool_type: pooling type. MaxPooling or AvgPooling. Default is MaxPooling. :type pool_type: BasePoolingType :param stride: stride width of pooling. :type stride: int :param stride_y: stride height of pooling. It is equal to stride by default. :type stride_y: int|None :param layer_attr: Extra Layer attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :param img_width: the width of input feature map. If it is None, the input feature map should be square. :type img_width: int|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if num_channels is None: assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters if pool_type is None: pool_type = MaxPooling() elif isinstance(pool_type, AvgPooling): pool_type.name = 'avg' type_name = pool_type.name + '-projection' \ if (isinstance(pool_type, AvgPooling) or isinstance(pool_type, MaxPooling)) \ else pool_type.name pool_size_y = pool_size if pool_size_y is None else pool_size_y stride_y = stride if stride_y is None else stride_y padding_y = padding if padding_y is None else padding_y l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.POOL_LAYER, inputs=[ Input( input.name, pool=Pool( pool_type=type_name, channels=num_channels, size_x=pool_size, start=None, stride=stride, padding=padding, size_y=pool_size_y, stride_y=stride_y, padding_y=padding_y, img_width=img_width)) ], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.POOL_LAYER, parents=[input], num_filters=num_channels, size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default("spp") @layer_support() def spp_layer(input, name=None, num_channels=None, pool_type=None, pyramid_height=None, img_width=None, layer_attr=None): """ Spatial Pyramid Pooling in Deep Convolutional Networks for Visual Recognition. The details please refer to `Kaiming He's paper `_. :param name: layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: layer's input. :type input: LayerOutput :param num_channels: number of input channel. :type num_channels: int :param pool_type: Pooling type. MaxPooling or AveragePooling. Default is MaxPooling. :type scale: BasePoolingType :param pyramid_height: pyramid height. :type pyramid_height: int :param img_width: the width of input feature map. If it is None, the input feature map should be square. :type img_width: int|None :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if num_channels is None: assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters if pool_type is None: pool_type = MaxPooling() elif isinstance(pool_type, AvgPooling): pool_type.name = 'avg' type_name = pool_type.name if (isinstance(pool_type, AvgPooling) or isinstance(pool_type, MaxPooling)): type_name += '-projection' l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SPP_LAYER, inputs=Input( input.name, spp=SpatialPyramidPool( pool_type=type_name, channels=num_channels, pyramid_height=pyramid_height, img_width=img_width)), **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, layer_type=LayerType.SPP_LAYER, parents=[input], num_filters=num_channels, size=l.config.size) def __img_norm_layer__(name, input, size, norm_type, scale, power, num_channels, blocked, layer_attr): if num_channels is None: assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.NORM_LAYER, inputs=Input( input.name, norm=Norm( norm_type=norm_type, channels=num_channels, size=size, scale=scale, pow=power, blocked=blocked)), **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, layer_type=LayerType.NORM_LAYER, parents=[input], num_filters=num_channels, img_norm_type=norm_type, size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default("crmnorm") @layer_support() def img_cmrnorm_layer(input, size, scale=0.0128, power=0.75, name=None, num_channels=None, layer_attr=None): """ Response normalization across feature maps. The details please refer to `Alex's paper `_. :param name: layer name. :type name: None|basestring :param input: layer's input. :type input: LayerOutput :param size: Normalize in number of :math:`size` feature maps. :type size: int :param scale: The hyper-parameter. :type scale: float :param power: The hyper-parameter. :type power: float :param num_channels: input layer's filers number or channels. If num_channels is None, it will be set automatically. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ return __img_norm_layer__(name, input, size, "cmrnorm-projection", scale, power, num_channels, 0, layer_attr) @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_param_attr_default(default_factory=lambda _: ParamAttr(initial_mean=1.0, initial_std=0.)) @wrap_act_default(act=ReluActivation()) @wrap_name_default("batch_norm") @layer_support(DROPOUT) def batch_norm_layer(input, act=None, name=None, num_channels=None, bias_attr=None, param_attr=None, layer_attr=None, batch_norm_type=None, moving_average_fraction=0.9, use_global_stats=None): """ Batch Normalization Layer. The notation of this layer as follow. :math:`x` is the input features over a mini-batch. .. math:: \\mu_{\\beta} &\\gets \\frac{1}{m} \\sum_{i=1}^{m} x_i \\qquad &//\\ \ mini-batch\ mean \\\\ \\sigma_{\\beta}^{2} &\\gets \\frac{1}{m} \\sum_{i=1}^{m}(x_i - \\ \\mu_{\\beta})^2 \\qquad &//\ mini-batch\ variance \\\\ \\hat{x_i} &\\gets \\frac{x_i - \\mu_\\beta} {\\sqrt{\\ \\sigma_{\\beta}^{2} + \\epsilon}} \\qquad &//\ normalize \\\\ y_i &\\gets \\gamma \\hat{x_i} + \\beta \\qquad &//\ scale\ and\ shift The details of batch normalization please refer to this `paper `_. :param name: layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: batch normalization input. Better be linear activation. Because there is an activation inside batch_normalization. :type input: LayerOutput :param batch_norm_type: We have batch_norm and cudnn_batch_norm. batch_norm supports both CPU and GPU. cudnn_batch_norm requires cuDNN version greater or equal to v4 (>=v4). But cudnn_batch_norm is faster and needs less memory than batch_norm. By default (None), we will automaticly select cudnn_batch_norm for GPU and batch_norm for CPU. Otherwise, select batch norm type based on the specified type. If you use cudnn_batch_norm, we suggested you use latest version, such as v5.1. :type batch_norm_type: None|string, None or "batch_norm" or "cudnn_batch_norm" :param act: Activation Type. Better be relu. Because batch normalization will normalize input near zero. :type act: BaseActivation :param num_channels: num of image channels or previous layer's number of filters. None will automatically get from layer's input. :type num_channels: int :param bias_attr: :math:`\\beta`, better be zero when initialize. So the initial_std=0, initial_mean=1 is best practice. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute :param param_attr: :math:`\\gamma`, better be one when initialize. So the initial_std=0, initial_mean=1 is best practice. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :param use_global_stats: whether use moving mean/variance statistics during testing peroid. If None or True, it will use moving mean/variance statistics during testing. If False, it will use the mean and variance of current batch of test data for testing. :type use_global_stats: bool|None. :param moving_average_fraction: Factor used in the moving average computation, referred to as facotr, :math:`runningMean = newMean*(1-factor) + runningMean*factor` :type moving_average_fraction: float. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if not isinstance(act, ReluActivation): logger.log(logging.WARN, "%s is not recommend for batch normalization's activation, " "maybe the relu is better" % act.name) if not isinstance(input.activation, LinearActivation): logger.log(logging.WARN, "The activation should be inside batch normalization, the " "previous layer's activation may be Linear") if num_channels is None: if input.num_filters is not None: num_channels = input.num_filters else: num_channels = input.size assert (batch_norm_type is None) or (batch_norm_type == "batch_norm") or \ (batch_norm_type == "cudnn_batch_norm") l = Layer( name=name, inputs=Input( input.name, image=Image(channels=num_channels), **param_attr.attr), active_type=act.name, type=LayerType.BATCH_NORM_LAYER, batch_norm_type=batch_norm_type, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), moving_average_fraction=moving_average_fraction, use_global_stats=use_global_stats, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.BATCH_NORM_LAYER, parents=[input], activation=act, num_filters=num_channels, size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def sum_to_one_norm_layer(input, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for sum-to-one normalization, which is used in NEURAL TURING MACHINE. .. math:: out[i] = \\frac {in[i]} {\sum_{k=1}^N in[k]} where :math:`in` is a (batchSize x dataDim) input vector, and :math:`out` is a (batchSize x dataDim) output vector. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python sum_to_one_norm = sum_to_one_norm_layer(input=layer) :param input: Input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SUM_TO_ONE_NORM_LAYER, inputs=[input.name], **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.SUM_TO_ONE_NORM_LAYER, parents=[input], size=input.size) @wrap_name_default("addto") @wrap_act_default(act=LinearActivation()) @wrap_bias_attr_default(has_bias=False) @layer_support(DROPOUT) def addto_layer(input, act=None, name=None, bias_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ AddtoLayer. .. math:: y = f(\\sum_{i} x_i + b) where :math:`y` is output, :math:`x` is input, :math:`b` is bias, and :math:`f` is activation function. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python addto = addto_layer(input=[layer1, layer2], act=ReluActivation(), bias_attr=False) This layer just simply add all input layers together, then activate the sum inputs. Each input of this layer should be the same size, which is also the output size of this layer. There is no weight matrix for each input, because it just a simple add operation. If you want a complicated operation before add, please use mixed_layer. It is a very good way to set dropout outside the layers. Since not all PaddlePaddle layer support dropout, you can add an add_to layer, set dropout here. Please refer to dropout_layer for details. :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: Input layers. It could be a LayerOutput or list/tuple of LayerOutput. :type input: LayerOutput|list|tuple :param act: Activation Type, default is tanh. :type act: BaseActivation :param bias_attr: Bias attribute. If False, means no bias. None is default bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|bool :param layer_attr: Extra Layer attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ num_filters = None if isinstance(input, LayerOutput): input = [input] assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) ipts_for_layer = [] for each_input in input: assert isinstance(each_input, LayerOutput) ipts_for_layer.append(Input(each_input.name)) if each_input.num_filters is not None: num_filters = each_input.num_filters l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.ADDTO_LAYER, inputs=ipts_for_layer, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), active_type=act.name, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.ADDTO_LAYER, parents=input, activation=act, num_filters=num_filters, size=l.config.size) @wrap_act_default(act=IdentityActivation()) @wrap_name_default("concat") @layer_support() def concat_layer(input, act=None, name=None, layer_attr=None, bias_attr=None): """ Concat all input vector into one huge vector. Inputs can be list of LayerOutput or list of projection. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python concat = concat_layer(input=[layer1, layer2]) :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: input layers or projections :type input: list|tuple|collections.Sequence :param act: Activation type. :type act: BaseActivation :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if isinstance(input, LayerOutput): input = [input] elif isinstance(input, Projection): input = [input] else: assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) def __is_type__(o, tp): if not isinstance(o, collections.Sequence): if o == tp: return True elif len(o.__bases__) == 0: return False else: for bs in o.__bases__: if __is_type__(bs, tp): return True return False else: tmp = map(lambda _x: __is_type__(_x, tp), o) a = tmp[0] for b in tmp[1:]: assert a == b return a def __reduce_concat_type__(a, b): assert __is_type__([a, b], Projection) or __is_type__([a, b], LayerOutput) return a is_concat_layer = __is_type__( reduce(__reduce_concat_type__, map(type, input)), LayerOutput) layer_type = (LayerType.CONCAT_LAYER if is_concat_layer else LayerType.CONCAT_PROJ_LAYER) if layer_type == LayerType.CONCAT_LAYER: assert not bias_attr Layer( name=name, type=layer_type, inputs=[x.name for x in input] if is_concat_layer else input, active_type=act.name, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) sz = 0 for each_input in input: if each_input.size is not None: sz += each_input.size else: sz = None break return LayerOutput( name, layer_type=layer_type, parents=input if is_concat_layer else [x.origin for x in input], activation=act, size=sz) def memory(name, size, is_seq=False, boot_layer=None, boot_bias=None, boot_bias_active_type=None, boot_with_const_id=None): """ The memory layers is a layer cross each time step. Reference this output as previous time step layer :code:`name` 's output. The default memory is zero in first time step, previous time step's output in the rest time steps. If boot_bias, the first time step value is this bias and with activation. If boot_with_const_id, then the first time stop is a IndexSlot, the Arguments.ids()[0] is this :code:`cost_id`. If boot_layer is not null, the memory is just the boot_layer's output. Set :code:`is_seq` is true boot layer is sequence. The same name layer in recurrent group will set memory on each time step. :param name: memory's name. :type name: basestring :param size: size of memory. :type size: int :param is_seq: is sequence for boot_layer :type is_seq: bool :param boot_layer: boot layer of memory. :type boot_layer: LayerOutput|None :param boot_bias: boot layer's bias :type boot_bias: ParameterAttribute|None :param boot_bias_active_type: boot layer's active type. :type boot_bias_active_type: BaseActivation :param boot_with_const_id: boot layer's id. :type boot_with_const_id: int :return: LayerOutput object which is a memory. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if boot_bias_active_type is None: boot_bias_active_type = LinearActivation() assert boot_bias is None or isinstance(boot_bias, ParameterAttribute) if isinstance(boot_bias, ParameterAttribute): boot_bias = ParamAttr.to_bias(boot_bias) assert boot_layer is None or isinstance(boot_layer, LayerOutput) agent_name = Memory(name, size, is_seq, boot_layer.name if boot_layer is not None else None, boot_bias, boot_bias_active_type.name, boot_with_const_id) lout = LayerOutput( name=agent_name, size=size, layer_type=LayerType.MEMORY, parents=[boot_layer] if boot_layer is not None else None) return lout @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_act_default( param_names=['gate_act', 'state_act'], act=SigmoidActivation()) @wrap_act_default(act=TanhActivation()) @wrap_name_default('lstm_step') @layer_support() def lstm_step_layer(input, state, size, act=None, name=None, gate_act=None, state_act=None, bias_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ LSTM Step Layer. It used in recurrent_group. The lstm equations are shown as follow. .. math:: i_t & = \\sigma(W_{xi}x_{t} + W_{hi}h_{t-1} + W_{ci}c_{t-1} + b_i) f_t & = \\sigma(W_{xf}x_{t} + W_{hf}h_{t-1} + W_{cf}c_{t-1} + b_f) c_t & = f_tc_{t-1} + i_t tanh (W_{xc}x_t+W_{hc}h_{t-1} + b_c) o_t & = \\sigma(W_{xo}x_{t} + W_{ho}h_{t-1} + W_{co}c_t + b_o) h_t & = o_t tanh(c_t) The input of lstm step is :math:`Wx_t + Wh_{t-1}`, and user should use :code:`mixed_layer` and :code:`full_matrix_projection` to calculate these input vector. The state of lstm step is :math:`c_{t-1}`. And lstm step layer will do .. math:: i_t = \\sigma(input + W_{ci}c_{t-1} + b_i) ... This layer contains two outputs. Default output is :math:`h_t`. The other output is :math:`o_t`, which name is 'state' and can use :code:`get_output_layer` to extract this output. :param name: Layer's name. :type name: basestring :param size: Layer's size. NOTE: lstm layer's size, should be equal as :code:`input.size/4`, and should be equal as :code:`state.size`. :type size: int :param input: input layer. :math:`Wx_t + Wh_{t-1}` :type input: LayerOutput :param state: State Layer. :math:`c_{t-1}` :type state: LayerOutput :param act: Activation type. Default is tanh :type act: BaseActivation :param gate_act: Gate Activation Type. Default is sigmoid, and should be sigmoid only. :type gate_act: BaseActivation :param state_act: State Activation Type. Default is sigmoid, and should be sigmoid only. :type state_act: BaseActivation :param bias_attr: Bias Attribute. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute :param layer_attr: layer's extra attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.LSTM_STEP_LAYER, active_type=act.name, active_gate_type=gate_act.name, active_state_type=state_act.name, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), size=size, inputs=[input.name, state.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.LSTM_STEP_LAYER, parents=[input, state], activation=act, size=size, outputs=['default', 'state']) @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_act_default(param_names=['gate_act'], act=SigmoidActivation()) @wrap_act_default(act=TanhActivation()) @wrap_name_default('gru_step') @layer_support() def gru_step_layer(input, output_mem, size=None, act=None, name=None, gate_act=None, bias_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ :param input: :type input: LayerOutput :param output_mem: :param size: :param act: :param name: :param gate_act: :param bias_attr: :param layer_attr: :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert input.size % 3 == 0 if size is None: size = input.size / 3 Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.GRU_STEP_LAYER, inputs=[input.name, output_mem.name], bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), size=size, active_type=act.name, active_gate_type=gate_act.name, **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.GRU_STEP_LAYER, parents=[input, output_mem], size=size, activation=act) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def get_output_layer(input, arg_name, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ Get layer's output by name. In PaddlePaddle, a layer might return multiple values, but returns one layer's output. If the user wants to use another output besides the default one, please use get_output_layer first to get the output from input. :param name: Layer's name. :type name: basestring :param input: get output layer's input. And this layer should contains multiple outputs. :type input: LayerOutput :param arg_name: Output name from input. :type arg_name: basestring :param layer_attr: Layer's extra attribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ # GetOutputLayer assert arg_name in input.outputs, 'Get Output From an not existed input.' \ ' The get output name is %s, which not' \ ' in %s' % ( arg_name, ",".join(input.outputs)) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.GET_OUTPUT_LAYER, inputs=[Input( input.name, input_layer_argument=arg_name)], size=input.size, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.GET_OUTPUT_LAYER, parents=[input], size=input.size) @wrap_name_default() @wrap_act_default() @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @layer_support() def recurrent_layer(input, act=None, bias_attr=None, param_attr=None, name=None, reverse=False, layer_attr=None): """ Simple recurrent unit layer. It is just a fully connect layer through both time and neural network. For each sequence [start, end] it performs the following computation\: .. math:: out_{i} = act(in_{i}) \\ \\ \\text{for} \\ i = start \\\\ out_{i} = act(in_{i} + out_{i-1} * W) \\ \\ \\text{for} \\ start < i <= end If reversed is true, the order is reversed\: .. math:: out_{i} = act(in_{i}) \\ \\ \\text{for} \\ i = end \\\\ out_{i} = act(in_{i} + out_{i+1} * W) \\ \\ \\text{for} \\ start <= i < end :param input: Input Layer :type input: LayerOutput :param act: activation. :type act: BaseActivation :param bias_attr: bias attribute. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute :param param_attr: parameter attribute. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param name: name of the layer :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.RECURRENT_LAYER, inputs=Input(input.name, **param_attr.attr), active_type=act.name, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), reversed=reverse, **ExtraAttr.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.RECURRENT_LAYER, parents=[input], size=input.size, activation=act, reverse=reverse) class StaticInput(object): """ StaticInput is only used in recurrent_group which defines a read-only memory that can be a sequence or non-sequence. """ def __init__(self, input, is_seq=False, size=None): assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) self.input = input self.is_seq = is_seq assert input.size is not None or size is not None if size is not None: input.size = size class SubsequenceInput(object): """ Input sequence has sub-sequence, used in recurrent_group. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python input = SubsequenceInput(layer) """ def __init__(self, input): assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) assert input.size is not None self.input = input @wrap_name_default("recurrent_group") def recurrent_group(step, input, reverse=False, name=None, targetInlink=None, is_train=True): """ Recurrent layer group is an extremely flexible recurrent unit in PaddlePaddle. As long as the user defines the calculation done within a time step, PaddlePaddle will iterate such a recurrent calculation over sequence input. This is extremely usefull for attention based model, or Neural Turning Machine like models. The basic usage (time steps) is: .. code-block:: python def step(input): output = fc_layer(input=layer, size=1024, act=LinearActivation(), bias_attr=False) return output group = recurrent_group(input=layer, step=step) You can see following configs for further usages: - time steps: lstmemory_group, paddle/gserver/tests/sequence_layer_group.conf, \ demo/seqToseq/seqToseq_net.py - sequence steps: paddle/gserver/tests/sequence_nest_layer_group.conf :param step: recurrent one time step function.The input of this function is input of the group. The return of this function will be recurrent group's return value. The recurrent group scatter a sequence into time steps. And for each time step, will invoke step function, and return a time step result. Then gather each time step of output into layer group's output. :type step: callable :param name: recurrent_group's name. :type name: basestring :param input: Input links array. LayerOutput will be scattered into time steps. SubsequenceInput will be scattered into sequence steps. StaticInput will be imported to each time step, and doesn't change through time. It's a mechanism to access layer outside step function. :type input: LayerOutput|StaticInput|SubsequenceInput|list|tuple :param reverse: If reverse is set true, the recurrent unit will process the input sequence in a reverse order. :type reverse: bool :param targetInlink: the input layer which share info with layer group's output Param input specifies multiple input layers. For SubsequenceInput inputs, config should assign one input layer that share info(the number of sentences and the number of words in each sentence) with all layer group's outputs. targetInlink should be one of the layer group's input. :type targetInlink: LayerOutput|SubsequenceInput :param is_train: recurrent_group is used for training (True) or generating (False). If is training, one of the input type must be LayerOutput; else, none of input type should be LayerOutput. : type is_train: bool :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ model_type('recurrent_nn') def is_single_input(x): return isinstance(x, LayerOutput) or isinstance(x, StaticInput) \ or isinstance(x, SubsequenceInput) if is_single_input(input): input = [input] assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) def is_in_links(x): return isinstance(x, LayerOutput) or isinstance(x, SubsequenceInput) in_links = filter(is_in_links, input) def targetInlink_in_inlinks(): for inlink in in_links: if isinstance(inlink, SubsequenceInput): if targetInlink == inlink.input: return True elif targetInlink == inlink: return True return False assert (targetInlink == None or targetInlink_in_inlinks()) targetInlinkName = None if targetInlink == None \ else targetInlink.name if isinstance(targetInlink, LayerOutput) \ else targetInlink.input.name contains_sub_seq = [False] def map_in_links(x): if isinstance(x, SubsequenceInput): contains_sub_seq[0] = True return Link(name=x.input.name, has_subseq=True) else: return x.name RecurrentLayerGroupWithoutOutLinksBegin( name=name, in_links=map(map_in_links, in_links), seq_reversed=reverse, target_inlinkname=targetInlinkName) in_args = [] has_LayerOutput = True for each_input in input: assert is_single_input(each_input) if isinstance(each_input, LayerOutput): in_args.append(each_input) elif isinstance(each_input, SubsequenceInput): in_args.append(each_input.input) else: has_LayerOutput = False mem_name = "__%s_memory__" % each_input.input.name mem = memory( name=mem_name, is_seq=each_input.is_seq, size=each_input.input.size, boot_layer=each_input.input) with mixed_layer( name=mem_name, size=each_input.input.size, act=IdentityActivation()) as mix: mix += identity_projection(mem) in_args.append(mem) assert (is_train == has_LayerOutput) layer_outs = step(*in_args) if isinstance(layer_outs, LayerOutput): layer_outs = [layer_outs] for ot in layer_outs: assert isinstance(ot, LayerOutput) ot.reverse = reverse if contains_sub_seq[0]: RecurrentLayerGroupSetOutLink(Link(ot.name, has_subseq=True)) else: RecurrentLayerGroupSetOutLink(ot.name) RecurrentLayerGroupEnd(name=name) if len(layer_outs) == 1: return layer_outs[0] else: return layer_outs class BaseGeneratedInput(object): def __init__(self): self.bos_id = None self.eos_id = None def before_real_step(self): raise NotImplementedError() def after_real_step(self, *args): raise NotImplementedError() class GeneratedInput(BaseGeneratedInput): def after_real_step(self, input): return maxid_layer(input=input, name='__beam_search_predict__') def before_real_step(self): predict_id = memory( name='__beam_search_predict__', size=self.size, boot_with_const_id=self.bos_id) trg_emb = embedding_layer( input=predict_id, size=self.embedding_size, param_attr=ParamAttr(name=self.embedding_name)) return trg_emb def __init__(self, size, embedding_name, embedding_size): super(GeneratedInput, self).__init__() self.size = size self.embedding_name = embedding_name self.embedding_size = embedding_size @wrap_name_default() def maxid_layer(input, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for finding the id which has the maximal value for each sample. The result is stored in output.ids. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python maxid = maxid_layer(input=layer) :param input: Input layer name. :type input: LayerOutput :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) l = Layer( name=name, type='maxid', inputs=[input.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.MAXID_LAYER, parents=[input], size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() def out_prod_layer(input1, input2, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for computing the outer product of two vectors The result is a matrix of size(input1) x size(input2) The example usage is: .. code-block:: python out_prod = out_prod_layer(input1=vec1, input2=vec2) :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param input1: The first input layer name. :type input: LayerOutput :param input2: The second input layer name. :type input2: LayerOutput :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input1, LayerOutput) assert isinstance(input2, LayerOutput) l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.OUT_PROD_LAYER, inputs=[input1.name, input2.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.OUT_PROD_LAYER, parents=[input1, input2], size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() def eos_layer(input, eos_id, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for checking EOS for each sample: - output_id = (input_id == conf.eos_id) The result is stored in output\_.ids. It is used by recurrent layer group. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python eos = eos_layer(input=layer, eos_id=id) :param name: Layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: Input layer name. :type input: LayerOutput :param eos_id: end id of sequence :type eos_id: int :param layer_attr: extra layer attributes. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute. :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.EOSID_LAYER, eos_id=eos_id, inputs=[input.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name=name, layer_type=LayerType.EOSID_LAYER, parents=[input], size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() def beam_search(step, input, bos_id, eos_id, beam_size, max_length=500, name=None, num_results_per_sample=None): """ Beam search is a heuristic search algorithm used in sequence generation. It explores a graph by expanding the most promising nodes in a limited set to maintain tractability. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python def rnn_step(input): last_time_step_output = memory(name='rnn', size=512) with mixed_layer(size=512, name='rnn') as simple_rnn: simple_rnn += full_matrix_projection(input) simple_rnn += last_time_step_output return simple_rnn beam_gen = beam_search(name="decoder", step=rnn_step, input=[StaticInput(encoder_last)], bos_id=0, eos_id=1, beam_size=5) Please see the following demo for more details: - machine translation : demo/seqToseq/translation/gen.conf \ demo/seqToseq/seqToseq_net.py :param name: Name of the recurrent unit that generates sequences. :type name: base string :param step: A callable function that defines the calculation in a time step, and it is applied to sequences with arbitrary length by sharing a same set of weights. You can refer to the first parameter of recurrent_group, or demo/seqToseq/seqToseq_net.py for more details. :type step: callable :param input: Input data for the recurrent unit :type input: list :param bos_id: Index of the start symbol in the dictionary. The start symbol is a special token for NLP task, which indicates the beginning of a sequence. In the generation task, the start symbol is essential, since it is used to initialize the RNN internal state. :type bos_id: int :param eos_id: Index of the end symbol in the dictionary. The end symbol is a special token for NLP task, which indicates the end of a sequence. The generation process will stop once the end symbol is generated, or a pre-defined max iteration number is exceeded. :type eos_id: int :param max_length: Max generated sequence length. :type max_length: int :param beam_size: Beam search for sequence generation is an iterative search algorithm. To maintain tractability, every iteration only only stores a predetermined number, called the beam_size, of the most promising next words. The greater the beam size, the fewer candidate words are pruned. :type beam_size: int :param num_results_per_sample: Number of the generated results per input sequence. This number must always be less than beam size. :type num_results_per_sample: int :return: The generated word index. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if num_results_per_sample is None: num_results_per_sample = beam_size if num_results_per_sample > beam_size: logger.warning("num_results_per_sample should be less than beam_size") if isinstance(input, StaticInput) or isinstance(input, BaseGeneratedInput): input = [input] generated_input_index = -1 real_input = [] for i, each_input in enumerate(input): assert isinstance(each_input, StaticInput) or isinstance( each_input, BaseGeneratedInput) if isinstance(each_input, BaseGeneratedInput): assert generated_input_index == -1 generated_input_index = i else: real_input.append(each_input) assert generated_input_index != -1 gipt = input[generated_input_index] assert isinstance(gipt, BaseGeneratedInput) gipt.bos_id = bos_id gipt.eos_id = eos_id def __real_step__(*args): eos_name = "__%s_eos_layer__" % name RecurrentLayerGroupSetGenerator( Generator( eos_layer_name=eos_name, max_num_frames=max_length, beam_size=beam_size, num_results_per_sample=num_results_per_sample)) args = list(args) args.insert(generated_input_index, gipt.before_real_step()) predict = gipt.after_real_step(step(*args)) eos_layer(input=predict, eos_id=eos_id, name=eos_name) return predict tmp = recurrent_group( step=__real_step__, input=real_input, reverse=False, name=name, is_train=False) return tmp def __cost_input__(input, label, weight=None): """ inputs and parents for cost layers. """ ipts = [Input(input.name), Input(label.name)] parents = [input, label] if weight is not None: assert weight.layer_type == LayerType.DATA ipts.append(Input(weight.name)) parents.append(weight) return ipts, parents @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def regression_cost(input, label, weight=None, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ Regression Layer. TODO(yuyang18): Complete this method. :param name: layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: Network prediction. :type input: LayerOutput :param label: Data label. :type label: LayerOutput :param weight: The weight affects the cost, namely the scale of cost. It is an optional argument. :type weight: LayerOutput :param layer_attr: layer's extra attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ ipts, parents = __cost_input__(input, label, weight) Layer( inputs=ipts, type="square_error", name=name, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.COST, parents=parents, size=1) @wrap_name_default("cost") @layer_support() def classification_cost(input, label, weight=None, name=None, evaluator=classification_error_evaluator, layer_attr=None): """ classification cost Layer. :param name: layer name. :type name: basestring :param input: input layer name. network output. :type input: LayerOutput :param label: label layer name. data_layer often. :type label: LayerOutput :param weight: The weight affects the cost, namely the scale of cost. It is an optional argument. :type weight: LayerOutput :param evaluator: Evaluator method. :param layer_attr: layer's extra attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert input.layer_type != LayerType.DATA assert isinstance(input.activation, SoftmaxActivation) assert label.layer_type == LayerType.DATA ipts, parents = __cost_input__(input, label, weight) Layer( name=name, type="multi-class-cross-entropy", inputs=ipts, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) def __add_evaluator__(e): assert callable(e) assert hasattr(e, 'is_evaluator') assert isinstance(e.is_evaluator, bool) assert e.is_evaluator assert hasattr(e, "for_classification") assert isinstance(e.for_classification, bool) assert e.for_classification e(name=e.__name__, input=input, label=label, weight=weight) if not isinstance(evaluator, collections.Sequence): evaluator = [evaluator] for each_evaluator in evaluator: __add_evaluator__(each_evaluator) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.COST, parents=parents, size=1) def conv_operator(img, filter, filter_size, num_filters, num_channels=None, stride=1, padding=0, filter_size_y=None, stride_y=None, padding_y=None): """ Different from img_conv_layer, conv_op is an Operator, which can be used in mixed_layer. And conv_op takes two inputs to perform convolution. The first input is the image and the second is filter kernel. It only support GPU mode. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python op = conv_operator(img=input1, filter=input2, filter_size=3, num_filters=64, num_channels=64) :param img: input image :type img: LayerOutput :param filter: input filter :type filter: LayerOutput :param filter_size: The x dimension of a filter kernel. :type filter_size: int :param filter_size_y: The y dimension of a filter kernel. Since PaddlePaddle now supports rectangular filters, the filter's shape can be (filter_size, filter_size_y). :type filter_size_y: int :param num_filters: channel of output data. :type num_filters: int :param num_channels: channel of input data. :type num_channels: int :param stride: The x dimension of the stride. :type stride: int :param stride_y: The y dimension of the stride. :type stride_y: int :param padding: The x dimension of padding. :type padding: int :param padding_y: The y dimension of padding. :type padding_y: int :return: A ConvOperator Object. :rtype: ConvOperator """ if filter_size_y is None: filter_size_y = filter_size if stride_y is None: stride_y = stride if padding_y is None: padding_y = padding if num_channels is None: num_channels = img.num_filters assert isinstance(filter, LayerOutput) if filter.size is not None: filter.size = filter_size * filter_size_y * num_filters * num_channels op = ConvOperator( input_layer_names=[img.name, filter.name], num_filters=num_filters, conv_conf=Conv( filter_size=filter_size, padding=padding, stride=stride, channels=num_channels, filter_size_y=filter_size_y, padding_y=padding_y, stride_y=stride_y, groups=1)) op.origin = [img, filter] return op @wrap_param_attr_default() def conv_projection(input, filter_size, num_filters, num_channels=None, stride=1, padding=0, filter_size_y=None, stride_y=None, padding_y=None, groups=1, param_attr=None): """ ConvProjection with a layer as input. It performs element-wise multiplication with weight. Different from img_conv_layer and conv_op, conv_projection is an Projection, which can be used in mixed_layer and conat_layer. It use cudnn to implement conv and only support GPU mode. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python proj = conv_projection(img=input1, filter_size=3, num_filters=64, num_channels=64) :param input: input layer :type input: LayerOutput :param filter_size: The x dimension of a filter kernel. :type filter_size: int :param filter_size_y: The y dimension of a filter kernel. Since PaddlePaddle now supports rectangular filters, the filter's shape can be (filter_size, filter_size_y). :type filter_size_y: int :param num_filters: channel of output data. :type num_filters: int :param num_channels: channel of input data. :type num_channels: int :param stride: The x dimension of the stride. :type stride: int :param stride_y: The y dimension of the stride. :type stride_y: int :param padding: The x dimension of padding. :type padding: int :param padding_y: The y dimension of padding. :type padding_y: int :param groups: The group number. :type groups: int :param param_attr: Convolution param attribute. None means default attribute :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :return: A DotMulProjection Object. :rtype: DotMulProjection """ if num_channels is None: assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters if filter_size_y is None: if isinstance(filter_size, collections.Sequence): assert len(filter_size) == 2 filter_size, filter_size_y = filter_size else: filter_size_y = filter_size if stride_y is None: if isinstance(stride, collections.Sequence): assert len(stride) == 2 stride, stride_y = stride else: stride_y = stride if padding_y is None: if isinstance(padding, collections.Sequence): assert len(padding) == 2 padding, padding_y = padding else: padding_y = padding if param_attr.attr.get('initial_smart'): # special initial for conv layers. init_w = (2.0 / (filter_size**2 * num_channels))**0.5 param_attr.attr["initial_mean"] = 0.0 param_attr.attr["initial_std"] = init_w param_attr.attr["initial_strategy"] = 0 param_attr.attr["initial_smart"] = False proj = ConvProjection( input_layer_name=input.name, num_filters=num_filters, conv_conf=Conv( filter_size=filter_size, padding=padding, stride=stride, channels=num_channels, filter_size_y=filter_size_y, padding_y=padding_y, stride_y=stride_y, groups=groups), **param_attr.attr) proj.origin = input return proj @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def conv_shift_layer(a, b, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ This layer performs cyclic convolution for two input. For example: - a[in]: contains M elements. - b[in]: contains N elements (N should be odd). - c[out]: contains M elements. .. math:: c[i] = \sum_{j=-(N-1)/2}^{(N-1)/2}a_{i+j} * b_{j} In this formular: - a's index is computed modulo M. When it is negative, then get item from the right side (which is the end of array) to the left. - b's index is computed modulo N. When it is negative, then get item from the right size (which is the end of array) to the left. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python conv_shift = conv_shift_layer(input=[layer1, layer2]) :param name: layer name :type name: basestring :param a: Input layer a. :type a: LayerOutput :param b: input layer b :type b: LayerOutput :param layer_attr: layer's extra attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(a, LayerOutput) and isinstance(b, LayerOutput) assert b.size is None or b.size % 2 == 1 # size of b must be odd. Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.CONV_SHIFT_LAYER, inputs=[a.name, b.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.CONV_SHIFT_LAYER, parents=[a, b], size=a.size) @wrap_name_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_act_default(act=LinearActivation()) @layer_support(ERROR_CLIPPING, DROPOUT) def tensor_layer(a, b, size, act=None, name=None, param_attr=None, bias_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ This layer performs tensor operation for two input. For example, each sample: .. math:: y_{i} = a * W_{i} * {b^\mathrm{T}}, i=0,1,...,K-1 In this formular: - :math:`a`: the first input contains M elements. - :math:`b`: the second input contains N elements. - :math:`y_{i}`: the i-th element of y. - :math:`W_{i}`: the i-th learned weight, shape if [M, N] - :math:`b^\mathrm{T}`: the transpose of :math:`b_{2}`. The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python tensor = tensor_layer(a=layer1, b=layer2, size=1000) :param name: layer name :type name: basestring :param a: Input layer a. :type a: LayerOutput :param b: input layer b. :type b: LayerOutput :param size: the layer dimension. :type size: int. :param act: Activation Type. Default is tanh. :type act: BaseActivation :param param_attr: The Parameter Attribute. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param bias_attr: The Bias Attribute. If no bias, then pass False or something not type of ParameterAttribute. None will get a default Bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|Any :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(a, LayerOutput) and isinstance(b, LayerOutput) Layer( name=name, size=size, type=LayerType.TENSOR_LAYER, active_type=act.name, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), inputs=[Input(a.name, **param_attr.attr), Input(b.name)], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.TENSOR_LAYER, parents=[a, b], activation=act, size=size) @wrap_name_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @wrap_bias_attr_default() @wrap_act_default() @layer_support() def selective_fc_layer(input, select, size, act=None, name=None, pass_generation=False, has_selected_colums=True, mul_ratio=0.02, param_attr=None, bias_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ Selectived fully connected layer. Different from fc_layer, the output of this layer maybe sparse. It requires an additional input to indicate several selected columns for output. If the selected columns is not specified, selective_fc_layer acts exactly like fc_layer. The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python sel_fc = selective_fc_layer(input=input, size=128, act=TanhActivation()) :param name: The Layer Name. :type name: basestring :param input: The input layer. :type input: LayerOutput|list|tuple :param select: The select layer. The output of select layer should be a sparse binary matrix, and treat as the mask of selective fc. :type select: LayerOutput :param size: The layer dimension. :type size: int :param act: Activation Type. Default is tanh. :type act: BaseActivation :param param_attr: The Parameter Attribute. :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param bias_attr: The Bias Attribute. If no bias, then pass False or something not type of ParameterAttribute. None will get a default Bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|Any :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if isinstance(input, LayerOutput): input = [input] assert not isinstance(param_attr, collections.Sequence) param_attr = [param_attr] else: if isinstance(param_attr, collections.Sequence): assert len(input) == len(param_attr) else: param_attr = [copy.deepcopy(param_attr) for _ in range(len(input))] assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) assert isinstance(select, LayerOutput) if select.size is not None: assert select.size == size Layer( inputs=[ Input(ipt.name, **attr.attr) for ipt, attr in zip(input, param_attr) ] + [select.name], name=name, type=LayerType.SEL_FC_LAYER, size=size, bias=ParameterAttribute.to_bias(bias_attr), active_type=act.name, selective_fc_pass_generation=pass_generation, has_selected_colums=has_selected_colums, selective_fc_full_mul_ratio=mul_ratio, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.SEL_FC_LAYER, list(input) + [select], activation=act, size=size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def sampling_id_layer(input, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for sampling id from multinomial distribution from the input layer. Sampling one id for one sample. The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python samping_id = sampling_id_layer(input=input) :param input: The input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param name: The Layer Name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SAMPLING_ID_LAYER, inputs=[Input(input.name)], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.SAMPLING_ID_LAYER, input, size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def slope_intercept_layer(input, name=None, slope=1.0, intercept=0.0, layer_attr=None): """ This layer for applying a slope and an intercept to the input element-wise. There is no activation and weight. .. math:: y = slope * x + intercept The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python scale = slope_intercept_layer(input=input, slope=-1.0, intercept=1.0) :param input: The input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param name: The Layer Name. :type name: basestring :param slope: the scale factor. :type slope: float. :param intercept: the offset. :type intercept: float. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SLOPE_INTERCEPT_LAYER, slope=slope, intercept=intercept, inputs=[Input(input.name)], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.SLOPE_INTERCEPT_LAYER, input, size=input.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def linear_comb_layer(weights, vectors, size=None, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for weighted sum of vectors takes two inputs. - Input: size of weights is M size of vectors is M*N - Output: a vector of size=N .. math:: z(i) = \sum_{j=0}^{M-1} x(j) y(i+Nj) where :math:`0 \le i \le N-1` Or in the matrix notation: .. math:: z = x^\mathrm{T} Y In this formular: - :math:`x`: weights - :math:`y`: vectors. - :math:`z`: the output. Note that the above computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are processed in one batch. The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python linear_comb = linear_comb_layer(weights=weight, vectors=vectors, size=elem_dim) :param weights: The weight layer. :type weights: LayerOutput :param vectors: The vector layer. :type vectors: LayerOutput :param size: the dimension of this layer. :type size: int :param name: The Layer Name. :type name: basestring :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(weights, LayerOutput) and isinstance(vectors, LayerOutput) if vectors.size is not None and weights.size is not None: assert vectors.size % weights.size == 0 if size is None: size = vectors.size / weights.size else: assert size == vectors.size / weights.size Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.LINEAR_COMBINATION_LAYER, size=size, inputs=[Input(weights.name), Input(vectors.name)], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.LINEAR_COMBINATION_LAYER, [weights, vectors], size=size) convex_comb_layer = linear_comb_layer @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def block_expand_layer(input, block_x=0, block_y=0, stride_x=0, stride_y=0, padding_x=0, padding_y=0, num_channels=None, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ Expand feature map to minibatch matrix. - matrix width is: block_y * block_x * num_channels - matirx height is: outputH * outputW .. math:: outputH = 1 + (2 * padding_y + imgSizeH - block_y + stride_y - 1) / stride_y outputW = 1 + (2 * padding_x + imgSizeW - block_x + stride_x - 1) / stride_x The expand method is the same with ExpandConvLayer, but saved the transposed value. After expanding, output.sequenceStartPositions will store timeline. The number of time steps are outputH * outputW and the dimension of each time step is block_y * block_x * num_channels. This layer can be used after convolution neural network, and before recurrent neural network. The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python block_expand = block_expand_layer(input, num_channels=128, stride_x=1, stride_y=1, block_x=1, block_x=3) :param input: The input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param num_channels: The channel number of input layer. :type num_channels: int|None :param block_x: The width of sub block. :type block_x: int :param block_y: The width of sub block. :type block_y: int :param stride_x: The stride size in horizontal direction. :type stride_x: int :param stride_y: The stride size in vertical direction. :type stride_y: int :param padding_x: The padding size in horizontal direction. :type padding_x: int :param padding_y: The padding size in vertical direction. :type padding_y: int :param name: The name of this layer, which can not specify. :type name: None|basestring. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if num_channels is None: assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters l = Layer( name=name, inputs=Input( input.name, block_expand=BlockExpand( channels=num_channels, block_x=block_x, block_y=block_y, stride_x=stride_x, stride_y=stride_y, padding_x=padding_x, padding_y=padding_y)), type=LayerType.BLOCK_EXPAND, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.BLOCK_EXPAND, parents=[input], size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def maxout_layer(input, groups, num_channels=None, size_x=None, size_y=None, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer to do max out on conv layer output. - Input: output of a conv layer. - Output: feature map size same as input. Channel is (input channel) / groups. So groups should be larger than 1, and the num of channels should be able to devided by groups. Please refer to Paper: - Maxout Networks: http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v28/goodfellow13.pdf - Multi-digit Number Recognition from Street View \ Imagery using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: \ https://arxiv.org/pdf/1312.6082v4.pdf The simple usage is: .. code-block:: python maxout = maxout_layer(input, num_channels=128, groups=4) :param input: The input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param num_channels: The channel number of input layer. If None will be set automatically from previous output. :type num_channels: int|None :param groups: The group number of input layer. :type groups: int :param size_x: conv output width. If None will be set automatically from previous output. :type size_x: int|None :param size_y: conv output height. If None will be set automatically from previous output. :type size_y: int|None :param name: The name of this layer, which can not specify. :type name: None|basestring. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert input.layer_type == LayerType.CONV_LAYER assert isinstance(input.activation, LinearActivation) assert groups > 1 if num_channels is None: assert input.num_filters is not None num_channels = input.num_filters assert num_channels % groups == 0 l = Layer( name=name, inputs=Input( input.name, maxout=MaxOut( channels=num_channels, groups=groups)), type=LayerType.MAXOUT, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.MAXOUT, parents=[input], size=l.config.size) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def ctc_layer(input, label, size=None, name=None, norm_by_times=False, layer_attr=None): """ Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is designed for temporal classication task. That is, for sequence labeling problems where the alignment between the inputs and the target labels is unknown. More details can be found by referring to `Connectionist Temporal Classification: Labelling Unsegmented Sequence Data with Recurrent Neural Networks `_ Note: Considering the 'blank' label needed by CTC, you need to use (num_classes + 1) as the input size. num_classes is the category number. And the 'blank' is the last category index. So the size of 'input' layer, such as fc_layer with softmax activation, should be num_classes + 1. The size of ctc_layer should also be num_classes + 1. The simple usage: .. code-block:: python ctc = ctc_layer(input=input, label=label, size=9055, norm_by_times=True) :param input: The input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param label: The data layer of label with variable length. :type label: LayerOutput :param size: category numbers + 1. :type size: int :param name: The name of this layer :type name: basestring|None :param norm_by_times: Whether to normalization by times. False by default. :type norm_by_times: bool :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) assert isinstance(label, LayerOutput) if label.size is not None: if size is not None: assert size == label.size + 1 else: size = label.size + 1 Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.CTC_LAYER, size=size, norm_by_times=norm_by_times, inputs=[input.name, label.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.CTC_LAYER, [input, label], size=size) @wrap_name_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @layer_support() def crf_layer(input, label, size=None, weight=None, param_attr=None, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for calculating the cost of sequential conditional random field model. The simple usage: .. code-block:: python crf = crf_layer(input=input, label=label, size=label_dim) :param input: The first input layer is the feature. :type input: LayerOutput :param label: The second input layer is label. :type label: LayerOutput :param size: The category number. :type size: int :param weight: The third layer is "weight" of each sample, which is an optional argument. :type weight: LayerOutput :param param_attr: Parameter attribute. None means default attribute :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) assert isinstance(label, LayerOutput) assert weight is None or isinstance(weight, LayerOutput) if input.size is not None and label.size is not None: assert input.size == label.size if size is None: size = input.size else: assert size == input.size ipts = [Input(input.name, **param_attr.attr), Input(label.name)] if weight is not None: ipts.append(Input(weight.name)) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.CRF_LAYER, size=size, inputs=ipts, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) parents = [input, label] if weight is not None: parents.append(weight) # The size for LayerOutput means the dimension of the output. # It's different from the meaning of crf layer, which is the number of # classes. return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.CRF_LAYER, parents, size=1) @wrap_name_default() @wrap_param_attr_default() @layer_support() def crf_decoding_layer(input, size, label=None, param_attr=None, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A layer for calculating the decoding sequence of sequential conditional random field model. The decoding sequence is stored in output.ids. If a second input is provided, it is treated as the ground-truth label, and this layer will also calculate error. output.value[i] is 1 for incorrect decoding or 0 for correct decoding. :param input: The first input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param size: size of this layer. :type size: int :param label: None or ground-truth label. :type label: LayerOutput or None :param param_attr: Parameter attribute. None means default attribute :type param_attr: ParameterAttribute :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring :param layer_attr: Extra Layer config. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute|None :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) assert label is None or isinstance(label, LayerOutput) ipts = [Input(input.name, **param_attr.attr)] if label is not None: ipts.append(Input(label.name)) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.CRF_DECODING_LAYER, size=size, inputs=ipts, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) parents = [input] if label is not None: parents.append(label) # The size for LayerOutput means the dimension of the output. # It's different from the meaning of crf layer, which is the number of # classes. return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.CRF_DECODING_LAYER, parents, size=1) @wrap_bias_attr_default(has_bias=True) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def nce_layer(input, label, num_classes, weight=None, num_neg_samples=10, neg_distribution=None, name=None, bias_attr=None, layer_attr=None): """ Noise-contrastive estimation. Implements the method in the following paper: A fast and simple algorithm for training neural probabilistic language models. The example usage is: .. code-block:: python cost = nce_layer(input=layer1, label=layer2, weight=layer3, num_classes=3, neg_distribution=[0.1,0.3,0.6]) :param name: layer name :type name: basestring :param input: input layers. It could be a LayerOutput of list/tuple of LayerOutput. :type input: LayerOutput|list|tuple|collections.Sequence :param label: label layer :type label: LayerOutput :param weight: weight layer, can be None(default) :type weight: LayerOutput :param num_classes: number of classes. :type num_classes: int :param num_neg_samples: number of negative samples. Default is 10. :type num_neg_samples: int :param neg_distribution: The distribution for generating the random negative labels. A uniform distribution will be used if not provided. If not None, its length must be equal to num_classes. :type neg_distribution: list|tuple|collections.Sequence|None :param bias_attr: Bias parameter attribute. True if no bias. :type bias_attr: ParameterAttribute|None|False :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: layer name. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if isinstance(input, LayerOutput): input = [input] assert isinstance(input, collections.Sequence) assert isinstance(label, LayerOutput) assert label.layer_type == LayerType.DATA if neg_distribution is not None: assert isinstance(neg_distribution, collections.Sequence) assert len(neg_distribution) == num_classes assert sum(neg_distribution) == 1 ipts_for_layer = [] parents = [] for each_input in input: assert isinstance(each_input, LayerOutput) ipts_for_layer.append(each_input.name) parents.append(each_input) ipts_for_layer.append(label.name) parents.append(label) if weight is not None: assert isinstance(weight, LayerOutput) assert weight.layer_type == LayerType.DATA ipts_for_layer.append(weight.name) parents.append(weight) l = Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.NCE_LAYER, num_classes=num_classes, neg_sampling_dist=neg_distribution, num_neg_samples=num_neg_samples, inputs=ipts_for_layer, bias=ParamAttr.to_bias(bias_attr), **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.NCE_LAYER, parents=parents, size=l.config.size) """ following are cost Layers. """ @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def rank_cost(left, right, label, weight=None, name=None, coeff=1.0, layer_attr=None): """ A cost Layer for learning to rank using gradient descent. Details can refer to `papers `_. This layer contains at least three inputs. The weight is an optional argument, which affects the cost. .. math:: C_{i,j} & = -\\tilde{P_{ij}} * o_{i,j} + log(1 + e^{o_{i,j}}) o_{i,j} & = o_i - o_j \\tilde{P_{i,j}} & = \\{0, 0.5, 1\\} \ or \ \\{0, 1\\} In this formula: - :math:`C_{i,j}` is the cross entropy cost. - :math:`\\tilde{P_{i,j}}` is the label. 1 means positive order and 0 means reverse order. - :math:`o_i` and :math:`o_j`: the left output and right output. Their dimension is one. The simple usage: .. code-block:: python cost = rank_cost(left=out_left, right=out_right, label=label) :param left: The first input, the size of this layer is 1. :type left: LayerOutput :param right: The right input, the size of this layer is 1. :type right: LayerOutput :param label: Label is 1 or 0, means positive order and reverse order. :type label: LayerOutput :param weight: The weight affects the cost, namely the scale of cost. It is an optional argument. :type weight: LayerOutput :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring :param coeff: The coefficient affects the gradient in the backward. :type coeff: float :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert left.size == 1 assert right.size == 1 assert label.size == 1 ipts = [left.name, right.name, label.name] parents = [left, right, label] if weight is not None: ipts.append(weight.name) parents.append(weight) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.RANK_COST, inputs=ipts, coeff=coeff, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.RANK_COST, parents=parents, size=1) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def lambda_cost(input, score, name, NDCG_num=5, max_sort_size=-1, layer_attr=None): """ lambdaCost for lambdaRank LTR approach. The simple usage: .. code-block:: python cost = lambda_cost(input=input, score=score, NDCG_num=8, max_sort_size=-1) :param input: Samples of the same query should be loaded as sequence. :type input: LayerOutput :param score: The 2nd input. Score of each sample. :type input: LayerOutput :param NDCG_num: The size of NDCG (Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain), e.g., 5 for NDCG@5. It must be less than for equal to the minimum size of lists. :type NDCG_num: int :param max_sort_size: The size of partial sorting in calculating gradient. If max_sort_size = -1, then for each list, the algorithm will sort the entire list to get gradient. In other cases, max_sort_size must be greater than or equal to NDCG_num. And if max_sort_size is greater than the size of a list, the algorithm will sort the entire list of get gradient. :type max_sort_size: int :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) and isinstance(score, LayerOutput) if score.size is not None: assert score.size == 1 Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.LAMBDA_COST, inputs=[input.name, score.name], NDCG_num=NDCG_num, max_sort_size=max_sort_size, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.LAMBDA_COST, parents=[input, score], size=1) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def cross_entropy(input, label, name=None, coeff=1.0, layer_attr=None): """ A loss layer for multi class entropy. .. code-block:: python cost = cross_entropy(input=input_layer, label=label_layer) :param input: The first input layer. :type input: LayerOutput. :param label: The input label. :type input: LayerOutput. :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring. :param coeff: The coefficient affects the gradient in the backward. :type coeff: float. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput. """ Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.CROSS_ENTROPY, inputs=[input.name, label.name], coeff=coeff, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.CROSS_ENTROPY, parents=[input, label], size=1) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def cross_entropy_with_selfnorm(input, label, name=None, coeff=1.0, softmax_selfnorm_alpha=0.1, layer_attr=None): """ A loss layer for multi class entropy with selfnorm. .. code-block:: python cost = cross_entropy_with_selfnorm(input=input_layer, label=label_layer) :param input: The first input layer. :type input: LayerOutput. :param label: The input label. :type input: LayerOutput. :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring. :param coeff: The coefficient affects the gradient in the backward. :type coeff: float. :param softmax_selfnorm_alpha: The scale factor affects the cost. :type softmax_selfnorm_alpha: float. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput. """ Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.CROSS_ENTROPY_WITH_SELFNORM, inputs=[input.name, label.name], coeff=coeff, softmax_selfnorm_alpha=softmax_selfnorm_alpha, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.CROSS_ENTROPY_WITH_SELFNORM, parents=[input, label], size=1) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def sum_cost(input, name=None, layer_attr=None): """ A loss layer which calculate the sum of the input as loss .. code-block:: python cost = sum_cost(input=input_layer) :param input: The first input layer. :type input: LayerOutput. :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput. """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.SUM_COST, inputs=[input.name], **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.SUM_COST, parents=[input], size=1) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def huber_cost(input, label, name=None, coeff=1.0, layer_attr=None): """ A loss layer for huber loss. .. code-block:: python cost = huber_cost(input=input_layer, label=label_layer) :param input: The first input layer. :type input: LayerOutput. :param label: The input label. :type input: LayerOutput. :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring. :param coeff: The coefficient affects the gradient in the backward. :type coeff: float. :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput. """ assert isinstance(input, LayerOutput) if input.size is not None: assert input.size == 1 Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.HUBER, inputs=[input.name, label.name], coeff=coeff, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput(name, LayerType.HUBER, parents=[input, label], size=1) @wrap_name_default() @layer_support() def multi_binary_label_cross_entropy(input, label, name=None, coeff=1.0, layer_attr=None): """ A loss layer for multi binary label cross entropy. .. code-block:: python cost = multi_binary_label_cross_entropy(input=input_layer, label=label_layer) :param input: The first input layer. :type input: LayerOutput :param label: The input label. :type input: LayerOutput :param type: The type of cost. :type type: basestring :param name: The name of this layers. It is not necessary. :type name: None|basestring :param coeff: The coefficient affects the gradient in the backward. :type coeff: float :param layer_attr: Extra Layer Attribute. :type layer_attr: ExtraLayerAttribute :return: LayerOutput object. :rtype: LayerOutput """ if input.activation is None or \ not isinstance(input.activation, SigmoidActivation): logger.log( logging.WARN, "%s is not recommend for multi_binary_label_cross_entropy's activation, " "maybe the sigmoid is better" % repr(input.activation)) Layer( name=name, type=LayerType.MULTI_BIN_LABEL_CROSS_ENTROPY, inputs=[input.name, label.name], coeff=coeff, **ExtraLayerAttribute.to_kwargs(layer_attr)) return LayerOutput( name, LayerType.MULTI_BIN_LABEL_CROSS_ENTROPY, parents=[input, label], size=1)