/* Copyright (c) 2017 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. */

#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/operators/detail/safe_ref.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/operators/math/blas.h"

namespace paddle {
namespace operators {
/**
 * Get row matrix shape from a vector shape. If the rank of x_dim > 1, the
 * original x_dim is returned.
 */
static framework::DDim RowMatrixFromVector(const framework::DDim &x_dim) {
  if (x_dim.size() > 1) {
    return x_dim;
  }
  return framework::make_ddim({1, x_dim[0]});
}

/**
 * Get column matrix shape from a vector shape. If the ran of y_dim > 1, the
 * original y_dim is returned.
 */
static framework::DDim ColumnMatrixFromVector(const framework::DDim &y_dim) {
  if (y_dim.size() > 1) {
    return y_dim;
  }
  return framework::make_ddim({y_dim[0], 1});
}

template <typename DeviceContext, typename T>
class MatMulKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
 public:
  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext &context) const override {
    auto &x =
        detail::Ref(context.Input<framework::Tensor>("X"), "Cannot find X");
    auto &y =
        detail::Ref(context.Input<framework::Tensor>("Y"), "Cannot find Y");
    auto *out = context.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
    out->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());

    auto blas = math::GetBlas<DeviceContext, T>(context);
    auto mat_dim_a = math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(
        RowMatrixFromVector(x.dims()), 0, context.Attr<bool>("transpose_X"));
    auto mat_dim_b = math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(
        ColumnMatrixFromVector(y.dims()), 0, context.Attr<bool>("transpose_Y"));
    auto scale = static_cast<T>(context.Attr<float>("alpha"));

#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_MKLML) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA)
    int head_number = context.Attr<int>("head_number");
    if (1 == head_number) {
      blas.MatMul(x, mat_dim_a, y, mat_dim_b, scale, out, T(0));
    } else {
      blas.MatMulWithHead(x, mat_dim_a, y, mat_dim_b, scale, head_number, out,
                          T(0));
    }
#else
    blas.MatMul(x, mat_dim_a, y, mat_dim_b, scale, out, T(0));
#endif
  }
};

// Reshape a rank-3 tensor from P x M x N to (P * M) x N.
// Identity op if the tensor is not of rank 3.
static framework::Tensor FoldInitDims(const framework::Tensor &input) {
  auto output = input;
  auto in_dims = input.dims();
  if (in_dims.size() == 3) {
    output.Resize({in_dims[0] * in_dims[1], in_dims[2]});
  }
  return output;
}

// Reshape a rank-3 tensor from P x M x N to M x (P * N).
// (Warning: This requires transposing data and writes into new memory.)
// Identity op if the tensor is not of rank 3.
template <typename DeviceContext, typename T>
static framework::Tensor FoldHeadAndLastDims(const DeviceContext &context,
                                             const framework::Tensor &input) {
  auto in_dims = input.dims();
  if (in_dims.size() != 3) {
    return input;
  }
  framework::Tensor output;
  output.Resize({in_dims[1], in_dims[0], in_dims[2]});
  output.mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
  std::vector<int> axis = {1, 0, 2};
  math::Transpose<DeviceContext, T, 3> trans;
  trans(context, input, &output, axis);
  output.Resize({in_dims[1], in_dims[0] * in_dims[2]});

  return output;
}

/**
 * Reshape a tensor to 3-D or 2-D tensor by matrix descriptor.
 *
 * The shape would be [BatchSize, H, W] or [H, W].
 * If transposed, `H,W` will be swapped.
 */
static void ReshapeTensorIntoMatrixSequence(
    framework::Tensor *x, const math::MatDescriptor &descriptor) {
  int64_t h, w;
  h = descriptor.height_;
  w = descriptor.width_;
  if (descriptor.trans_) {
    std::swap(w, h);
  }
  if (descriptor.batch_size_) {
    x->Resize({descriptor.batch_size_, h, w});
  } else {
    x->Resize({h, w});
  }
}

/**
 * Reshape the x,y,out tensor to 3-D or 2-D tensor by matrix descriptor
 * Out = matmul(x, y)
 *
 * This method will first calculate X,Y matrix sequence, and then calculate
 * the out shape.
 *
 * Assume X = [BatchSize, H1, W1], Y = [BatchSize, H2, W2]
 * The out = [BatchSize, H1, W2]
 *
 * If there is no batch size in `X` and `Y`, the out will be [H1, W2]
 * If any of `X` and `Y` has batch size BatchSize, the out will have the
 * BatchSize.
 */
static void ReshapeXYOutIntoMatrixSequence(framework::Tensor *x,
                                           framework::Tensor *y,
                                           framework::Tensor *out, bool trans_x,
                                           bool trans_y) {
  auto x_dim = RowMatrixFromVector(x->dims());
  auto y_dim = ColumnMatrixFromVector(y->dims());
  auto mat_dim_x = math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(x_dim, 0, trans_x);
  auto mat_dim_y = math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(y_dim, 0, trans_y);
  if (mat_dim_x.batch_size_ == 0 && mat_dim_y.batch_size_ == 0) {
    out->Resize({mat_dim_x.height_, mat_dim_y.width_});
  } else {
    out->Resize({std::max(mat_dim_x.batch_size_, mat_dim_y.batch_size_),
                 mat_dim_x.height_, mat_dim_y.width_});
  }

  ReshapeTensorIntoMatrixSequence(x, mat_dim_x);
  ReshapeTensorIntoMatrixSequence(y, mat_dim_y);
}

// Using dimensional constraints on matrix multiplication, it is
// straight-forward to check the following table for when X and Y
// are both matrices.
//
// transpose_X | False    | True     | False    | True
// transpose_Y | False    | False    | True     | True
// -----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------
//        dX = | dOut Y^T | Y dOut^T | dOut Y   | Y^T dOut^T
//        dY = | X^T dOut | X dOut   | dOut^T X | dOut^T X^T
//
// When X is a vector of size K, we treat it instead as a matrix of shape
// (1, K). Similarly, when Y is a vector of size K, we treat it instead as
// a matrix of shape (K, 1).
//
// When X and Y are both 3-dimensional tensors, then the first dimension
// the batch dimension can be ignored and the exact same formulas apply
// as for two matrices.
//
// Finally, when, e.g., X is a 3-dimensional tensor but Y is a matrix, we end
// up with formulas like
//
//   dY_{ij} = \sum_{p, m} X_{pmi} dOut_{pmj}
//
// To handle this sort of scenario, we reshape X : P x M x K, dOut: P x M x N
// to X: (P * M) x K, dOut: (P * M) x N.
template <typename DeviceContext, typename T>
class MatMulGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
 public:
  void MatMul(const framework::ExecutionContext &context,
              const framework::Tensor &a, bool trans_a,
              const framework::Tensor &b, bool trans_b,
              framework::Tensor *out) const {
    out->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
    auto blas = math::GetBlas<DeviceContext, T>(context);
    auto mat_dim_a = math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(a.dims(), 0, trans_a);
    auto mat_dim_b = math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(b.dims(), 0, trans_b);
    blas.MatMul(a, mat_dim_a, b, mat_dim_b,
                static_cast<T>(context.Attr<float>("alpha")), out, T(0));
  }

  void CalcInputGrad(const framework::ExecutionContext &context,
                     const framework::Tensor &a, bool trans_a,
                     bool is_fold_init_dims_a, const framework::Tensor &b,
                     bool trans_b, bool is_fold_init_dims_b,
                     framework::Tensor *out) const {
    if (out == nullptr) return;
    bool need_combine = (a.dims().size() == 3 || b.dims().size() == 3) &&
                        out->dims().size() == 2;
    if (!need_combine) {
      MatMul(context, a, trans_a, b, trans_b, out);
    } else {
      auto &ctx = context.template device_context<DeviceContext>();
      MatMul(context, is_fold_init_dims_a
                          ? FoldInitDims(a)
                          : FoldHeadAndLastDims<DeviceContext, T>(ctx, a),
             trans_a, is_fold_init_dims_b
                          ? FoldInitDims(b)
                          : FoldHeadAndLastDims<DeviceContext, T>(ctx, b),
             trans_b, out);
    }
  }

  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext &context) const override {
    auto x = *context.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
    auto y = *context.Input<framework::Tensor>("Y");
    auto dout =
        *context.Input<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
    auto *dx = context.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
    auto *dy = context.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
    bool transpose_x = context.Attr<bool>("transpose_X");
    bool transpose_y = context.Attr<bool>("transpose_Y");

    ReshapeXYOutIntoMatrixSequence(&x, &y, &dout, transpose_x, transpose_y);
    framework::DDim dx_dims;
    if (dx) {
      dx_dims = dx->dims();
      if (dx_dims != x.dims()) {
        dx->Resize(x.dims());
      }
    }

    framework::DDim dy_dims;
    if (dy) {
      dy_dims = dy->dims();
      if (dy_dims != y.dims()) {
        dy->Resize(y.dims());
      }
    }

    if (transpose_x && transpose_y) {
      CalcInputGrad(context, y, true, true, dout, true, false, dx);
      CalcInputGrad(context, dout, true, true, x, true, false, dy);
    } else if (transpose_x) {
      CalcInputGrad(context, y, false, false, dout, true, false, dx);
      CalcInputGrad(context, x, false, false, dout, false, true, dy);
    } else if (transpose_y) {
      CalcInputGrad(context, dout, false, false, y, false, true, dx);
      CalcInputGrad(context, dout, true, true, x, false, true, dy);
    } else {
      CalcInputGrad(context, dout, false, false, y, true, false, dx);
      CalcInputGrad(context, x, true, true, dout, false, true, dy);
    }

    if (dx) {
      if (dx_dims != x.dims()) {
        dx->Resize(dx_dims);
      }
    }
    if (dy) {
      if (dy_dims != y.dims()) {
        dy->Resize(dy_dims);
      }
    }
  }
};

class MatMulOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 public:
  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;

 protected:
  void InferShape(framework::InferShapeContext *context) const override {
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(context->HasInput("X"),
                   "Input(X) of MatMulOp should not be null.");
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(context->HasInput("Y"),
                   "Input(Y) of MatMulOp should not be null.");
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(context->HasOutput("Out"),
                   "Output(Out) of MatMulOp should not be null.");

    auto dim_x = context->GetInputDim("X");
    auto dim_y = context->GetInputDim("Y");

    auto mat_dim_x =
        math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(RowMatrixFromVector(dim_x), 0,
                                     context->Attrs().Get<bool>("transpose_X"));
    auto mat_dim_y =
        math::CreateMatrixDescriptor(ColumnMatrixFromVector(dim_y), 0,
                                     context->Attrs().Get<bool>("transpose_Y"));

    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(mat_dim_x.width_, mat_dim_y.height_);
    if (context->IsRuntime()) {
      PADDLE_ENFORCE(mat_dim_x.batch_size_ == mat_dim_y.batch_size_ ||
                     mat_dim_x.batch_size_ == 0 || mat_dim_y.batch_size_ == 0);
    }
    std::vector<int64_t> dim_out;
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_MKLML) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA)
    int head_number = context->Attrs().Get<int>("head_number");
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(head_number, 1);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(head_number, mat_dim_x.width_);
    int64_t dim_out_y = head_number * mat_dim_y.width_;
#else
    int64_t dim_out_y = mat_dim_y.width_;
#endif

    if (mat_dim_x.batch_size_ != 0) {
      dim_out = framework::vectorize(dim_x);
      dim_out[dim_out.size() - 2] = mat_dim_x.height_;
      dim_out[dim_out.size() - 1] = dim_out_y;
    } else if (mat_dim_y.batch_size_ != 0) {
      dim_out = framework::vectorize(dim_y);
      dim_out[dim_out.size() - 2] = mat_dim_x.height_;
      dim_out[dim_out.size() - 1] = dim_out_y;
    } else {
      dim_out = {mat_dim_x.height_, dim_out_y};
    }

    if (dim_x.size() == 1 && dim_out[dim_out.size() - 2] == 1) {
      std::swap(dim_out[dim_out.size() - 2], dim_out[dim_out.size() - 1]);
      dim_out.resize(dim_out.size() - 1);
    }

    if (dim_y.size() == 1 && dim_out[dim_out.size() - 1] == 1) {
      dim_out.resize(dim_out.size() - 1);
    }

    if (dim_out.empty()) {
      dim_out = {1};
    }
    context->SetOutputDim("Out", framework::make_ddim(dim_out));
    context->ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
  }
};

class MatMulOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
 public:
  void Make() override {
    AddInput("X", "The first input of MatMul op");
    AddInput("Y", "The second input of MatMul op");
    AddOutput("Out", "The output of MatMul op");
    AddAttr<bool>("transpose_X",
                  R"DOC(If true, use the transpose of `X`.
        )DOC")
        .SetDefault(false);
    AddAttr<bool>("transpose_Y",
                  R"DOC(If true, use the transpose of `Y`.
        )DOC")
        .SetDefault(false);
    AddAttr<float>("alpha", "The scale of Out").SetDefault(1.0f);
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_MKLML) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA)
    AddAttr<int>("head_number", "The number of heads of the matrix")
        .SetDefault(1);
#endif
    AddComment(R"DOC(
MatMul Operator.


This operator is used to perform (batched) matrix multiplication
over the last two dimensions of the input tensors `X` and `Y`.

If a transpose flag is specified, the last two dimensions of the
tensor are transposed. If the tensor is rank-1 of shape [D], then
for `X` it is treated as [1, D] in nontransposed form and as [D, 1]
in transposed form, whereas for `Y` it is the opposite: It is treated
as [D, 1] in nontransposed form and as [1, D] in transposed form.

Examples without transpose:
- X: [K], Y: [K] => Out: [1]
- X: [K], Y: [K, N] => Out: [N]
- X: [B, M, K], Y: [K] => Out: [B, M]
- X: [M, K], Y: [B, K, N] => Out: [B, M, N]
- X: [B, M, K], Y: [B, K, N] => Out: [B, M, N]
- X: [B, ..., M, K], Y: [B, ..., K, N] => Out: [B, ..., M, N]

Example of matrix multiplication with head_number of H
- X: [B, M, K], Y: [B, K, N] => Out: [B, M, H * N]

The behavior is designed to be similar to the `numpy.matmul` function.
The differences are:
- When the rank of the input data is less than or equal to 3, it
  is similar to the `numpy.matmul` function.
- When the rank of the input is greater than 3, the rank of X and
  Y must be equal, and the first `rank - 2` dimensions must be equal.
- We add `transpose_X` and `transpose_Y` flags.
- We add `head_number` attribute, which is used to multiple two matrixes head
  by head, and eventually concatenates the output of several (head_number)
  small matrixes multiplication.

Both the input `X` and `Y` can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
or not. But the output only shares the LoD information with input `X`.

)DOC");
  }
};

class MatMulOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 public:
  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;

 protected:
  void InferShape(framework::InferShapeContext *context) const override {
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(context->HasInput("X"), "Input(X) should not be null");
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(context->HasInput("Y"), "Input(Y) should not be null");
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(context->HasInput(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
                   "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
    auto x_dims = context->GetInputDim("X");
    auto y_dims = context->GetInputDim("Y");

    auto x_grad_name = framework::GradVarName("X");
    auto y_grad_name = framework::GradVarName("Y");

    if (context->HasOutput(x_grad_name)) {
      context->SetOutputDim(x_grad_name, x_dims);
    }
    if (context->HasOutput(y_grad_name)) {
      context->SetOutputDim(y_grad_name, y_dims);
    }
  }
};

class MatMulOpGradMaker : public framework::SingleGradOpDescMaker {
 public:
  using framework::SingleGradOpDescMaker::SingleGradOpDescMaker;

 protected:
  std::unique_ptr<framework::OpDesc> Apply() const override {
    auto *retv = new framework::OpDesc();
    retv->SetType("matmul_grad");
    retv->SetInput("X", Input("X"));
    retv->SetInput("Y", Input("Y"));
    retv->SetInput(framework::GradVarName("Out"), OutputGrad("Out"));
    retv->SetOutput(framework::GradVarName("X"), InputGrad("X"));
    retv->SetOutput(framework::GradVarName("Y"), InputGrad("Y"));
    retv->SetAttrMap(Attrs());
    return std::unique_ptr<framework::OpDesc>(retv);
  }
};
}  // namespace operators
}  // namespace paddle

namespace ops = paddle::operators;
REGISTER_OPERATOR(matmul, ops::MatMulOp, ops::MatMulOpMaker,
                  ops::MatMulOpGradMaker);
REGISTER_OPERATOR(matmul_grad, ops::MatMulOpGrad);
REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
    matmul, ops::MatMulKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>,
    ops::MatMulKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, double>,
    ops::MatMulKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext,
                      paddle::platform::float16>);
REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
    matmul_grad,
    ops::MatMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>,
    ops::MatMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, double>,
    ops::MatMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext,
                          paddle::platform::float16>);

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL(
    matmul, ops::MatMulKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>,
    ops::MatMulKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, double>,
    ops::MatMulKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext,
                      paddle::platform::float16>);
REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL(
    matmul_grad,
    ops::MatMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>,
    ops::MatMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, double>,
    ops::MatMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext,
                          paddle::platform::float16>);
#endif