operator.h

/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. */

#pragma once

#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>

#include "paddle/framework/attribute.h"
#include "paddle/framework/framework.pb.h"
#include "paddle/framework/scope.h"
#include "paddle/framework/tensor.h"
#include "paddle/platform/device_context.h"
#include "paddle/platform/place.h"
#include "paddle/platform/variant.h"
#include "paddle/utils/Error.h"

namespace paddle {
namespace framework {

/// If a variable is a empty variable, that name will be used.
constexpr char kEmptyVarName[] = "@EMPTY@";

/// If a variable is a temporary variable, that name will be set in Python,
/// but it will be convert to a unique name in scope after OpCreator.
constexpr char kTempVarName[] = "@TEMP@";

/// If a variable's name has a certain suffix, it means that the
/// variable is the gradient of another varibale.
/// e.g. Variable "x@GRAD" is the gradient of varibale "x".
constexpr char kGradVarSuffix[] = "@GRAD";

/// Variables with this suffix are supposed to be filled up with zeros.
constexpr char kZeroVarSuffix[] = "@ZERO";

inline std::string GradVarName(const std::string& var_name) {
  return var_name + kGradVarSuffix;
}

class OperatorBase;
class InferShapeContext;
class ExecutionContext;

/**
 * OperatorBase has the basic element that Net will call to do computation.
 * Only CreateOperator from OpRegistry will new Operator directly. User
 * should always construct a proto message OpDesc and call
 * OpRegistry::CreateOp(op_desc) to get an Operator instance.
 */
class OperatorBase {
 public:
  using VarNameMap = std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>>;

  OperatorBase(const std::string& type, const VarNameMap& inputs,
               const VarNameMap& outputs, const AttributeMap& attrs);

  virtual ~OperatorBase() {}

  template <typename T>
  inline const T& GetAttr(const std::string& name) const {
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(attrs_.count(name) != 0, "%s should be in AttributeMap",
                   name);
    return boost::get<T>(attrs_.at(name));
  }

  virtual std::string DebugString() const;

  /// InferShape infer the size of Variables used by this Operator with
  /// information inside scope
  virtual void InferShape(const Scope& scope) const = 0;

  /// Net will call this function to Run an op.
  virtual void Run(const Scope& scope,
                   const platform::DeviceContext& dev_ctx) const = 0;

  virtual bool IsNetOp() const { return false; }

  virtual bool SupportGPU() const { return false; }

  /// rename inputs outputs name
  void Rename(const std::string& old_name, const std::string& new_name);

  const VarNameMap& Inputs() const { return inputs_; }
  const VarNameMap& Outputs() const { return outputs_; }
  //! Get a input with argument's name described in `op_proto`
  const std::string& Input(const std::string& name) const;
  //! Get a input which has multiple variables.
  const std::vector<std::string>& Inputs(const std::string& name) const;

  //! Get a output with argument's name described in `op_proto`
  const std::string& Output(const std::string& name) const;
  //! Get an output which has multiple variables.
  //! TODO add a vector_view to prevent memory copy.
  const std::vector<std::string>& Outputs(const std::string& name) const;

  virtual std::vector<std::string> OutputVars(bool has_intermediate) const;

  const std::string& Type() const { return type_; }
  void SetType(const std::string& type) { type_ = type; }
  const AttributeMap& Attrs() const { return attrs_; }

  // Return a new operator instance, which is as same as this.
  // Use unique_ptr to prevent caller forget to delete this pointer.
  virtual std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase> Clone() const = 0;

 protected:
  std::string type_;
  // NOTE: in case of OpGrad, inputs_ contains:
  // I (Inputs)opear
  // O (Outputs)
  // OG (Output Gradients)
  VarNameMap inputs_;

  // NOTE: in case of OpGrad, outputs_ contains
  // IG (Inputs Gradients)
  VarNameMap outputs_;
  AttributeMap attrs_;
};

// Macro for define a clone method.
// If you are writing an kernel operator, `Clone` will be defined when you
// register it. i.e. `Clone` method is not needed to define by yourself.
#define DEFINE_OP_CLONE_METHOD(CLS)                       \
  std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase> Clone() const final {     \
    return std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase>(new CLS(*this)); \
  }

// Macro for define a default constructor for Operator.
// You can also use
//   using PARENT_CLASS::PARENT_CLASS;
// to use parent's constructor.
#define DEFINE_OP_CONSTRUCTOR(CLS, PARENT_CLS)                                 \
  CLS(const std::string& type, const VarNameMap& inputs,                       \
      const VarNameMap& outputs, const paddle::framework::AttributeMap& attrs) \
      : PARENT_CLS(type, inputs, outputs, attrs) {}

class NOP : public OperatorBase {
 public:
  using OperatorBase::OperatorBase;
  void InferShape(const Scope& scope) const override {}
  void Run(const Scope& scope,
           const platform::DeviceContext& dev_ctx) const override {}
  std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase> Clone() const override {
    return std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase>(new NOP(*this));
  }
};

// this class not only make proto but also init attribute checkers.
class OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
 public:
  OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(OpProto* proto, OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
      : proto_(proto), op_checker_(op_checker) {}

  ~OpProtoAndCheckerMaker() {
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(validated_, "should call Validate after build");
  }

  void Validate();

 protected:
  struct VariableBuilder {
    OpProto::Var* var_;

    VariableBuilder& AsDuplicable() {
      var_->set_duplicable(true);
      return *this;
    }

    VariableBuilder& AsIntermediate() {
      var_->set_intermediate(true);
      return *this;
    }

    // TODO(FengJiayi, yuyang18): `AsNoGradient` is a very bad name, because it
    // means that input/output is not needed when calculate gradient. It does
    // not mean no gradient when backward. It should be changed soon.
    VariableBuilder& AsNoGradient() {
      var_->set_no_gradient(true);
      return *this;
    }
  };

  VariableBuilder AddInput(const std::string& name, const std::string& comment);

  VariableBuilder AddOutput(const std::string& name,
                            const std::string& comment);

  template <typename T>
  TypedAttrChecker<T>& AddAttr(const std::string& name,
                               const std::string& comment,
                               bool generated = false) {
    auto* attr = proto_->add_attrs();
    attr->set_name(name);
    attr->set_comment(comment);
    attr->set_generated(generated);
    attr->set_type(AttrTypeID<T>());
    return op_checker_->AddAttrChecker<T>(name);
  }

  void AddComment(const std::string& comment) { proto_->set_comment(comment); }

 private:
  void CheckNoDuplicatedInOutAttrs();

  OpProto* proto_;
  OpAttrChecker* op_checker_;
  bool validated_{false};
};

class NOPMaker : public OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
 public:
  NOPMaker(framework::OpProto* proto, framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {}
};

class InferShapeContext {
 public:
  InferShapeContext(const OperatorBase& op, const Scope& scope)
      : op_(op), scope_(scope) {}

  size_t InputSize(const std::string& name) const {
    return op_.Inputs(name).size();
  }

  size_t OutputSize(const std::string& name) const {
    return op_.Outputs(name).size();
  }

  const Variable* InputVar(const std::string& name) const {
    return scope_.FindVar(op_.Input(name));
  }

  Variable* OutputVar(const std::string& name) const {
    return scope_.FindVar(op_.Output(name));
  }

  const std::vector<const Variable*> MultiInputVar(
      const std::string& name) const {
    auto names = op_.Inputs(name);
    std::vector<const Variable*> res;
    res.reserve(names.size());
    std::transform(
        names.begin(), names.end(), std::back_inserter(res),
        [this](const std::string& name) { return scope_.FindVar(name); });
    return res;
  }

  std::vector<const Variable*> MultiOutputVar(const std::string& name) const {
    auto names = op_.Outputs(name);
    std::vector<const Variable*> res;
    res.reserve(names.size());
    std::transform(
        names.begin(), names.end(), std::back_inserter(res),
        [this](const std::string& name) { return scope_.FindVar(name); });
    return res;
  }

  template <typename T>
  const T* Input(const std::string& name) const {
    auto* var = InputVar(name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var, "Input(%s) should not be nullptr", name);
    return &var->Get<T>();
  }

  template <typename T>
  T* Output(const std::string& name) const {
    auto var = OutputVar(name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var, "Output(%s) should not be nullptr", name);
    return var->GetMutable<T>();
  }

  template <typename T>
  const std::vector<const T*> MultiInput(const std::string& name) const {
    auto names = op_.Inputs(name);
    std::vector<const T*> res;
    res.reserve(names.size());
    std::transform(names.begin(), names.end(), std::back_inserter(res),
                   [&](const std::string& sub_name) {
                     auto var = scope_.FindVar(sub_name);
                     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
                         var, "MultiInput(%s:%s) should not be nullptr", name,
                         sub_name);
                     return &var->Get<T>();
                   });
    return res;
  }

  template <typename T>
  std::vector<const T*> MultiOutput(const std::string& name) const {
    auto names = op_.Outputs(name);
    std::vector<const T*> res;
    res.reserve(names.size());
    std::transform(names.begin(), names.end(), std::back_inserter(res),
                   [&](const std::string& sub_name) {
                     auto var = scope_.FindVar(sub_name);
                     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
                         var, "MultiOutput(%s:%s) should not be nullptr.", name,
                         sub_name);
                     return var->GetMutable<T>();
                   });
    return res;
  }

  const OperatorBase& op_;
  const Scope& scope_;
};

template <typename T>
struct EigenDeviceConverter;

template <>
struct EigenDeviceConverter<platform::CPUPlace> {
  using EigenDeviceType = Eigen::DefaultDevice;
};

#ifndef PADDLE_ONLY_CPU
template <>
struct EigenDeviceConverter<platform::GPUPlace> {
  using EigenDeviceType = Eigen::GpuDevice;
};
#endif

class ExecutionContext : public InferShapeContext {
 public:
  ExecutionContext(const OperatorBase& op, const Scope& scope,
                   const platform::DeviceContext* device_context)
      : InferShapeContext(op, scope), device_context_(device_context) {}

  template <typename PlaceType,
            typename DeviceType =
                typename EigenDeviceConverter<PlaceType>::EigenDeviceType>
  DeviceType& GetEigenDevice() const;

  platform::Place GetPlace() const { return device_context_->GetPlace(); }

  const platform::DeviceContext* device_context() const {
    return device_context_;
  }

  const platform::DeviceContext* device_context_;
};

class OpKernel {
 public:
  /**
   * ExecutionContext is the only parameter of Kernel Run function.
   * Run will get input/output variables, state such as momentum and
   * device resource such as CUDA stream, cublas handle, etc. from
   * ExecutionContext. User should construct it before run the Operator.
   */

  virtual void Compute(const ExecutionContext& context) const = 0;

  virtual ~OpKernel() {}
};

class OperatorWithKernel : public OperatorBase {
 public:
  struct OpKernelKey {
    platform::Place place_;

    OpKernelKey() = default;
    explicit OpKernelKey(const platform::DeviceContext& dev_ctx) {
      place_ = dev_ctx.GetPlace();
    }

    bool operator==(const OpKernelKey& o) const {
      return platform::places_are_same_class(place_, o.place_);
    }
  };

  struct OpKernelHash {
    std::hash<bool> hash_;
    size_t operator()(const OpKernelKey& key) const {
      return hash_(platform::is_gpu_place(key.place_));
    }
  };

  using OpKernelMap =
      std::unordered_map<OpKernelKey, std::unique_ptr<OpKernel>, OpKernelHash>;

  OperatorWithKernel(const std::string& type, const VarNameMap& inputs,
                     const VarNameMap& outputs, const AttributeMap& attrs)
      : OperatorBase(type, inputs, outputs, attrs) {}

  void InferShape(const Scope& scope) const override {
    InferShape(InferShapeContext(*this, scope));
  }

  void Run(const Scope& scope,
           const platform::DeviceContext& dev_ctx) const final {
    auto& opKernel = AllOpKernels().at(type_).at(OpKernelKey(dev_ctx));
    opKernel->Compute(ExecutionContext(*this, scope, &dev_ctx));
  }

  static std::unordered_map<std::string /* op_type */, OpKernelMap>&
  AllOpKernels() {
    static std::unordered_map<std::string, OpKernelMap> g_all_op_kernels;
    return g_all_op_kernels;
  }

  bool SupportGPU() const override {
    OperatorWithKernel::OpKernelKey key;
    key.place_ = platform::GPUPlace();
    return OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels().at(type_).count(key) != 0;
  }

 protected:
  virtual void InferShape(const InferShapeContext& ctx) const = 0;
};

}  // namespace framework
}  // namespace paddle