diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 5176ce2b79dbb42d0047a525cba74549b5b88f9e..e2ed8f4b7f2d134dc7df9dbedee0fce100b4d8bc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Please mark all change in change log and use the ticket from JIRA.
 # Milvus 0.5.1 (TODO)
 
 ## Bug
+- \#134 - JFrog cache error
 
 ## Feature
 - \#90 - The server start error messages could be improved to enhance user experience
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ Please mark all change in change log and use the ticket from JIRA.
 - \#118 - Using shared_ptr instead of weak_ptr to avoid performance loss
 - \#122 - Add unique id for Job
 - \#130 - Set task state MOVED after resource copy it completed
+- \#149 - Improve large query optimizer pass
+- \#156 - Not return error when search_resources and index_build_device set cpu
 
 ## Task
 
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/Jenkinsfile b/ci/jenkins/Jenkinsfile
index 67bff5ac1ed780cc20004b1f7eb9770b36bcbc64..40d9686415d424715151a2182706aae05ec476f0 100644
--- a/ci/jenkins/Jenkinsfile
+++ b/ci/jenkins/Jenkinsfile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env groovy
+
 String cron_timezone = "TZ=Asia/Shanghai"
 String cron_string = BRANCH_NAME == "master" ? "H 0 * * * " : ""
 cron_string =  BRANCH_NAME == "0.5.1" ? "H 1 * * * " : cron_string
@@ -16,7 +18,6 @@ pipeline {
 
     parameters{
         choice choices: ['Release', 'Debug'], description: '', name: 'BUILD_TYPE'
-        string defaultValue: 'cf1434e7-5a4b-4d25-82e8-88d667aef9e5', description: 'GIT CREDENTIALS ID', name: 'GIT_CREDENTIALS_ID', trim: true
         string defaultValue: 'registry.zilliz.com', description: 'DOCKER REGISTRY URL', name: 'DOKCER_REGISTRY_URL', trim: true
         string defaultValue: 'ba070c98-c8cc-4f7c-b657-897715f359fc', description: 'DOCKER CREDENTIALS ID', name: 'DOCKER_CREDENTIALS_ID', trim: true
         string defaultValue: 'http://192.168.1.202/artifactory/milvus', description: 'JFROG ARTFACTORY URL', name: 'JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL', trim: true
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ pipeline {
                             steps {
                                 container('milvus-build-env') {
                                     script {
-                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/build.groovy"
+                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/build.groovy"
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ pipeline {
                             steps {
                                 container('milvus-build-env') {
                                     script {
-                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/coverage.groovy"
+                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/coverage.groovy"
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ pipeline {
                             steps {
                                 container('milvus-build-env') {
                                     script {
-                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/package.groovy"
+                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/package.groovy"
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ pipeline {
                             steps {
                                 container('publish-images'){
                                     script {
-                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/publishImages.groovy"
+                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/publishImages.groovy"
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ pipeline {
                             steps {
                                 container('milvus-test-env') {
                                     script {
-                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/deploySingle2Dev.groovy"
+                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/deploySingle2Dev.groovy"
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -130,9 +131,9 @@ pipeline {
                                     script {
                                         boolean isNightlyTest = isTimeTriggeredBuild()
                                         if (isNightlyTest) {
-                                            load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy"
+                                            load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy"
                                         } else {
-                                            load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevTest.groovy"
+                                            load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/singleDevTest.groovy"
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ pipeline {
                             steps {
                                 container('milvus-test-env') {
                                     script {
-                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/cleanupSingleDev.groovy"
+                                        load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/cleanupSingleDev.groovy"
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ pipeline {
                         unsuccessful {
                             container('milvus-test-env') {
                                 script {
-                                    load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/cleanupSingleDev.groovy"
+                                    load "${env.WORKSPACE}/ci/jenkins/step/cleanupSingleDev.groovy"
                                 }
                             }
                         }
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/build.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/build.groovy
similarity index 100%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/build.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/build.groovy
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/cleanupSingleDev.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/cleanupSingleDev.groovy
similarity index 100%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/cleanupSingleDev.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/cleanupSingleDev.groovy
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/coverage.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/coverage.groovy
similarity index 100%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/coverage.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/coverage.groovy
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/deploySingle2Dev.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/deploySingle2Dev.groovy
similarity index 57%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/deploySingle2Dev.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/deploySingle2Dev.groovy
index bc6c6f443812d8ec778dab361896b7ff0d29f764..f4964df5e23530e5091e998229dd3bcab8499a64 100644
--- a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/deploySingle2Dev.groovy
+++ b/ci/jenkins/step/deploySingle2Dev.groovy
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sh 'helm init --client-only --skip-refresh --stable-repo-url https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts'
 sh 'helm repo update'
 dir ('milvus-helm') {
-    checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: "0.5.0"]], doGenerateSubmoduleConfigurations: false, extensions: [], submoduleCfg: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: "${params.GIT_CREDENTIALS_ID}", url: "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus-helm.git", name: 'origin', refspec: "+refs/heads/0.5.0:refs/remotes/origin/0.5.0"]]])
+    checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: "0.5.0"]], userRemoteConfigs: [[url: "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus-helm.git", name: 'origin', refspec: "+refs/heads/0.5.0:refs/remotes/origin/0.5.0"]]])
     dir ("milvus-gpu") {
         sh "helm install --wait --timeout 300 --set engine.image.tag=${DOCKER_VERSION} --set expose.type=clusterIP --name ${env.PIPELINE_NAME}-${env.BUILD_NUMBER}-single-gpu -f ci/db_backend/sqlite_values.yaml -f ci/filebeat/values.yaml --namespace milvus ."
     }
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/package.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/package.groovy
similarity index 100%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/package.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/package.groovy
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/publishImages.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/publishImages.groovy
similarity index 100%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/publishImages.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/publishImages.groovy
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy
similarity index 79%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy
index 5140ad858f4ecac6b891aab15126d2faf8fbde15..9aeab2eb4e3bb10acc86021d20a78a1c0d7f4e85 100644
--- a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy
+++ b/ci/jenkins/step/singleDevNightlyTest.groovy
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ timeout(time: 90, unit: 'MINUTES') {
 
     if (!fileExists('milvus-helm')) {
         dir ("milvus-helm") {
-            checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: "0.5.0"]], doGenerateSubmoduleConfigurations: false, extensions: [], submoduleCfg: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: "${params.GIT_CREDENTIALS_ID}", url: "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus-helm.git", name: 'origin', refspec: "+refs/heads/0.5.0:refs/remotes/origin/0.5.0"]]])
+            checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: "0.5.0"]], userRemoteConfigs: [[url: "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus-helm.git", name: 'origin', refspec: "+refs/heads/0.5.0:refs/remotes/origin/0.5.0"]]])
         }
     }
     dir ("milvus-helm") {
diff --git a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevTest.groovy b/ci/jenkins/step/singleDevTest.groovy
similarity index 81%
rename from ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevTest.groovy
rename to ci/jenkins/step/singleDevTest.groovy
index 16fe65a9b3b4dd400ccee917a0dad3adac109645..86e6f126d901045bef7d5368b0eddf44decd3762 100644
--- a/ci/jenkins/jenkinsfile/singleDevTest.groovy
+++ b/ci/jenkins/step/singleDevTest.groovy
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ timeout(time: 60, unit: 'MINUTES') {
 
     // if (!fileExists('milvus-helm')) {
     //     dir ("milvus-helm") {
-    //         checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: "0.5.0"]], doGenerateSubmoduleConfigurations: false, extensions: [], submoduleCfg: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: "${params.GIT_CREDENTIALS_ID}", url: "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus-helm.git", name: 'origin', refspec: "+refs/heads/0.5.0:refs/remotes/origin/0.5.0"]]])
+    //         checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: "0.5.0"]], userRemoteConfigs: [[url: "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus-helm.git", name: 'origin', refspec: "+refs/heads/0.5.0:refs/remotes/origin/0.5.0"]]])
     //     }
     // }
     // dir ("milvus-helm") {
diff --git a/core/cmake/ThirdPartyPackages.cmake b/core/cmake/ThirdPartyPackages.cmake
index d0057d3c228d126c19c4ff9c6f1e622a1a3fdfa6..657efa2eef693a63e96fae5ba6b578bff0bed5e4 100644
--- a/core/cmake/ThirdPartyPackages.cmake
+++ b/core/cmake/ThirdPartyPackages.cmake
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ set(MILVUS_THIRDPARTY_DEPENDENCIES
 message(STATUS "Using ${MILVUS_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE} approach to find dependencies")
 
 # For each dependency, set dependency source to global default, if unset
-foreach(DEPENDENCY ${MILVUS_THIRDPARTY_DEPENDENCIES})
-    if("${${DEPENDENCY}_SOURCE}" STREQUAL "")
+foreach (DEPENDENCY ${MILVUS_THIRDPARTY_DEPENDENCIES})
+    if ("${${DEPENDENCY}_SOURCE}" STREQUAL "")
         set(${DEPENDENCY}_SOURCE ${MILVUS_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE})
-    endif()
-endforeach()
+    endif ()
+endforeach ()
 
 macro(build_dependency DEPENDENCY_NAME)
     if ("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "GTest")
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ macro(build_dependency DEPENDENCY_NAME)
         build_sqlite()
     elseif ("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "SQLite_ORM")
         build_sqlite_orm()
-    elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "yaml-cpp")
+    elseif ("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "yaml-cpp")
         build_yamlcpp()
-    elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "libunwind")
+    elseif ("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "libunwind")
         build_libunwind()
-    elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "gperftools")
+    elseif ("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "gperftools")
         build_gperftools()
-    elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "GRPC")
+    elseif ("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "GRPC")
         build_grpc()
-    elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "ZLIB")
+    elseif ("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "ZLIB")
         build_zlib()
-    else()
+    else ()
         message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown thirdparty dependency to build: ${DEPENDENCY_NAME}")
     endif ()
 endmacro()
@@ -66,28 +66,28 @@ endmacro()
 # Identify OS
 if (UNIX)
     if (APPLE)
-        set (CMAKE_OS_NAME "osx" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
+        set(CMAKE_OS_NAME "osx" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
     else (APPLE)
         ## Check for Debian GNU/Linux ________________
-        find_file (DEBIAN_FOUND debian_version debconf.conf
-            PATHS /etc
-        )
+        find_file(DEBIAN_FOUND debian_version debconf.conf
+                PATHS /etc
+                )
         if (DEBIAN_FOUND)
-            set (CMAKE_OS_NAME "debian" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
+            set(CMAKE_OS_NAME "debian" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
         endif (DEBIAN_FOUND)
         ##  Check for Fedora _________________________
-        find_file (FEDORA_FOUND fedora-release
-            PATHS /etc
-        )
+        find_file(FEDORA_FOUND fedora-release
+                PATHS /etc
+                )
         if (FEDORA_FOUND)
-            set (CMAKE_OS_NAME "fedora" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
+            set(CMAKE_OS_NAME "fedora" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
         endif (FEDORA_FOUND)
         ##  Check for RedHat _________________________
-        find_file (REDHAT_FOUND redhat-release inittab.RH
-            PATHS /etc
-        )
+        find_file(REDHAT_FOUND redhat-release inittab.RH
+                PATHS /etc
+                )
         if (REDHAT_FOUND)
-            set (CMAKE_OS_NAME "redhat" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
+            set(CMAKE_OS_NAME "redhat" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
         endif (REDHAT_FOUND)
         ## Extra check for Ubuntu ____________________
         if (DEBIAN_FOUND)
@@ -96,18 +96,25 @@ if (UNIX)
             ## a first superficial inspection a system will
             ## be considered as Debian, which signifies an
             ## extra check is required.
-            find_file (UBUNTU_EXTRA legal issue
-                PATHS /etc
-            )
+            find_file(UBUNTU_EXTRA legal issue
+                    PATHS /etc
+                    )
             if (UBUNTU_EXTRA)
                 ## Scan contents of file
-                file (STRINGS ${UBUNTU_EXTRA} UBUNTU_FOUND
-                    REGEX Ubuntu
-                )
+                file(STRINGS ${UBUNTU_EXTRA} UBUNTU_FOUND
+                        REGEX Ubuntu
+                        )
                 ## Check result of string search
                 if (UBUNTU_FOUND)
-                    set (CMAKE_OS_NAME "ubuntu" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
-                    set (DEBIAN_FOUND FALSE)
+                    set(CMAKE_OS_NAME "ubuntu" CACHE STRING "Operating system name" FORCE)
+                    set(DEBIAN_FOUND FALSE)
+
+                    find_program(LSB_RELEASE_EXEC lsb_release)
+                    execute_process(COMMAND ${LSB_RELEASE_EXEC} -rs
+                            OUTPUT_VARIABLE LSB_RELEASE_ID_SHORT
+                            OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+                            )
+                    STRING(REGEX REPLACE "\\." "_" UBUNTU_VERSION "${LSB_RELEASE_ID_SHORT}")
                 endif (UBUNTU_FOUND)
             endif (UBUNTU_EXTRA)
         endif (DEBIAN_FOUND)
@@ -120,36 +127,40 @@ set(THIRDPARTY_DIR "${MILVUS_SOURCE_DIR}/thirdparty")
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # JFrog
-if(NOT DEFINED USE_JFROG_CACHE)
+if (NOT DEFINED USE_JFROG_CACHE)
     set(USE_JFROG_CACHE "OFF")
-endif()
-if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
-    if(DEFINED ENV{JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL})
+endif ()
+if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (DEFINED ENV{JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL})
         set(JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL "$ENV{JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL}")
-    endif()
-    if(NOT DEFINED JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL)
+    endif ()
+    if (NOT DEFINED JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL)
         message(FATAL_ERROR "JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL is not set")
-    endif()
-    set(JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL}/milvus/thirdparty/cache/${CMAKE_OS_NAME}/${MILVUS_BUILD_ARCH}/${BUILD_TYPE}")
-    if(DEFINED ENV{JFROG_USER_NAME})
+    endif ()
+    if (UBUNTU_FOUND)
+        set(JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL}/milvus/thirdparty/cache/${CMAKE_OS_NAME}/${UBUNTU_VERSION}/${MILVUS_BUILD_ARCH}/${BUILD_TYPE}")
+    else ()
+        set(JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_URL}/milvus/thirdparty/cache/${CMAKE_OS_NAME}/${MILVUS_BUILD_ARCH}/${BUILD_TYPE}")
+    endif ()
+    if (DEFINED ENV{JFROG_USER_NAME})
         set(JFROG_USER_NAME "$ENV{JFROG_USER_NAME}")
-    endif()
-    if(NOT DEFINED JFROG_USER_NAME)
+    endif ()
+    if (NOT DEFINED JFROG_USER_NAME)
         message(FATAL_ERROR "JFROG_USER_NAME is not set")
-    endif()
-    if(DEFINED ENV{JFROG_PASSWORD})
+    endif ()
+    if (DEFINED ENV{JFROG_PASSWORD})
         set(JFROG_PASSWORD "$ENV{JFROG_PASSWORD}")
-    endif()
-    if(NOT DEFINED JFROG_PASSWORD)
+    endif ()
+    if (NOT DEFINED JFROG_PASSWORD)
         message(FATAL_ERROR "JFROG_PASSWORD is not set")
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     set(THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE "${THIRDPARTY_DIR}/cache")
-    if(NOT EXISTS ${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE})
+    if (NOT EXISTS ${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE})
         message(STATUS "Will create cached directory: ${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}")
         file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE})
-    endif()
-endif()
+    endif ()
+endif ()
 
 macro(resolve_dependency DEPENDENCY_NAME)
     if (${DEPENDENCY_NAME}_SOURCE STREQUAL "AUTO")
@@ -182,13 +193,13 @@ set(EP_C_FLAGS "${EP_C_FLAGS} -fPIC")
 set(EP_COMMON_TOOLCHAIN -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}
         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER})
 
-if(CMAKE_AR)
+if (CMAKE_AR)
     set(EP_COMMON_TOOLCHAIN ${EP_COMMON_TOOLCHAIN} -DCMAKE_AR=${CMAKE_AR})
-endif()
+endif ()
 
-if(CMAKE_RANLIB)
+if (CMAKE_RANLIB)
     set(EP_COMMON_TOOLCHAIN ${EP_COMMON_TOOLCHAIN} -DCMAKE_RANLIB=${CMAKE_RANLIB})
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # External projects are still able to override the following declarations.
 # cmake command line will favor the last defined variable when a duplicate is
@@ -202,20 +213,20 @@ set(EP_COMMON_CMAKE_ARGS
         -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${EP_CXX_FLAGS}
         -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_${UPPERCASE_BUILD_TYPE}=${EP_CXX_FLAGS})
 
-if(NOT MILVUS_VERBOSE_THIRDPARTY_BUILD)
+if (NOT MILVUS_VERBOSE_THIRDPARTY_BUILD)
     set(EP_LOG_OPTIONS LOG_CONFIGURE 1 LOG_BUILD 1 LOG_INSTALL 1 LOG_DOWNLOAD 1)
-else()
+else ()
     set(EP_LOG_OPTIONS)
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # Ensure that a default make is set
-if("${MAKE}" STREQUAL "")
+if ("${MAKE}" STREQUAL "")
     find_program(MAKE make)
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 if (NOT DEFINED MAKE_BUILD_ARGS)
     set(MAKE_BUILD_ARGS "-j8")
-endif()
+endif ()
 message(STATUS "Third Party MAKE_BUILD_ARGS = ${MAKE_BUILD_ARGS}")
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -230,39 +241,39 @@ find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 
 # Read toolchain versions from cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt
 file(STRINGS "${THIRDPARTY_DIR}/versions.txt" TOOLCHAIN_VERSIONS_TXT)
-foreach(_VERSION_ENTRY ${TOOLCHAIN_VERSIONS_TXT})
+foreach (_VERSION_ENTRY ${TOOLCHAIN_VERSIONS_TXT})
     # Exclude comments
-    if(NOT _VERSION_ENTRY MATCHES "^[^#][A-Za-z0-9-_]+_VERSION=")
+    if (NOT _VERSION_ENTRY MATCHES "^[^#][A-Za-z0-9-_]+_VERSION=")
         continue()
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     string(REGEX MATCH "^[^=]*" _LIB_NAME ${_VERSION_ENTRY})
     string(REPLACE "${_LIB_NAME}=" "" _LIB_VERSION ${_VERSION_ENTRY})
 
     # Skip blank or malformed lines
-    if(${_LIB_VERSION} STREQUAL "")
+    if (${_LIB_VERSION} STREQUAL "")
         continue()
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     # For debugging
     #message(STATUS "${_LIB_NAME}: ${_LIB_VERSION}")
 
     set(${_LIB_NAME} "${_LIB_VERSION}")
-endforeach()
+endforeach ()
 
 if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_GTEST_URL})
     set(GTEST_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_GTEST_URL}")
 else ()
     set(GTEST_SOURCE_URL
             "https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/release-${GTEST_VERSION}.tar.gz")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(GTEST_MD5 "2e6fbeb6a91310a16efe181886c59596")
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_MYSQLPP_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_MYSQLPP_URL})
     set(MYSQLPP_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_MYSQLPP_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(MYSQLPP_SOURCE_URL "https://tangentsoft.com/mysqlpp/releases/mysql++-${MYSQLPP_VERSION}.tar.gz")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(MYSQLPP_MD5 "cda38b5ecc0117de91f7c42292dd1e79")
 
 if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_PROMETHEUS_URL})
@@ -270,60 +281,60 @@ if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_PROMETHEUS_URL})
 else ()
     set(PROMETHEUS_SOURCE_URL
             https://github.com/jupp0r/prometheus-cpp.git)
-endif()
+endif ()
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_SQLITE_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_SQLITE_URL})
     set(SQLITE_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_SQLITE_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(SQLITE_SOURCE_URL
             "https://www.sqlite.org/2019/sqlite-autoconf-${SQLITE_VERSION}.tar.gz")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(SQLITE_MD5 "3c68eb400f8354605736cd55400e1572")
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_SQLITE_ORM_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_SQLITE_ORM_URL})
     set(SQLITE_ORM_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_SQLITE_ORM_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(SQLITE_ORM_SOURCE_URL
             "https://github.com/fnc12/sqlite_orm/archive/${SQLITE_ORM_VERSION}.zip")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(SQLITE_ORM_MD5 "ba9a405a8a1421c093aa8ce988ff8598")
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_YAMLCPP_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_YAMLCPP_URL})
     set(YAMLCPP_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_YAMLCPP_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(YAMLCPP_SOURCE_URL "https://github.com/jbeder/yaml-cpp/archive/yaml-cpp-${YAMLCPP_VERSION}.tar.gz")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(YAMLCPP_MD5 "5b943e9af0060d0811148b037449ef82")
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_LIBUNWIND_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_LIBUNWIND_URL})
     set(LIBUNWIND_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_LIBUNWIND_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(LIBUNWIND_SOURCE_URL
             "https://github.com/libunwind/libunwind/releases/download/v${LIBUNWIND_VERSION}/libunwind-${LIBUNWIND_VERSION}.tar.gz")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(LIBUNWIND_MD5 "a04f69d66d8e16f8bf3ab72a69112cd6")
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_GPERFTOOLS_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_GPERFTOOLS_URL})
     set(GPERFTOOLS_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_GPERFTOOLS_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(GPERFTOOLS_SOURCE_URL
             "https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools/releases/download/gperftools-${GPERFTOOLS_VERSION}/gperftools-${GPERFTOOLS_VERSION}.tar.gz")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(GPERFTOOLS_MD5 "c6a852a817e9160c79bdb2d3101b4601")
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_GRPC_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_GRPC_URL})
     set(GRPC_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_GRPC_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(GRPC_SOURCE_URL
             "https://github.com/youny626/grpc-milvus/archive/${GRPC_VERSION}.zip")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(GRPC_MD5 "0362ba219f59432c530070b5f5c3df73")
 
-if(DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_ZLIB_URL})
+if (DEFINED ENV{MILVUS_ZLIB_URL})
     set(ZLIB_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{MILVUS_ZLIB_URL}")
-else()
+else ()
     set(ZLIB_SOURCE_URL "https://github.com/madler/zlib/archive/${ZLIB_VERSION}.tar.gz")
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(ZLIB_MD5 "0095d2d2d1f3442ce1318336637b695f")
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -334,13 +345,13 @@ macro(build_gtest)
     set(GTEST_VENDORED TRUE)
     set(GTEST_CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${EP_CXX_FLAGS}")
 
-    if(APPLE)
+    if (APPLE)
         set(GTEST_CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
                 ${GTEST_CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
                 -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
                 -Wno-unused-value
                 -Wno-ignored-attributes)
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     set(GTEST_PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest_ep-prefix/src/googletest_ep")
     set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR "${GTEST_PREFIX}/include")
@@ -359,9 +370,9 @@ macro(build_gtest)
     set(GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIR "${GTEST_PREFIX}/include")
     set(GMOCK_STATIC_LIB
             "${GTEST_PREFIX}/lib/${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}gmock${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}"
-    )
+            )
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(GTEST_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "googletest_${GTEST_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(GTEST_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${GTEST_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(GTEST_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${GTEST_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -385,10 +396,10 @@ macro(build_gtest)
                     ${EP_LOG_OPTIONS})
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(googletest_ep ${GTEST_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${GTEST_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             ExternalProject_Use_Cache(googletest_ep ${GTEST_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-        endif()
-    else()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         ExternalProject_Add(googletest_ep
                 URL
                 ${GTEST_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -402,20 +413,20 @@ macro(build_gtest)
                 CMAKE_ARGS
                 ${GTEST_CMAKE_ARGS}
                 ${EP_LOG_OPTIONS})
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     # The include directory must exist before it is referenced by a target.
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR}")
 
     add_library(gtest STATIC IMPORTED)
     set_target_properties(gtest
-                            PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GTEST_STATIC_LIB}"
-                            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+            PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GTEST_STATIC_LIB}"
+            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR}")
 
     add_library(gtest_main STATIC IMPORTED)
     set_target_properties(gtest_main
-                            PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GTEST_MAIN_STATIC_LIB}"
-                            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+            PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GTEST_MAIN_STATIC_LIB}"
+            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR}")
 
     add_library(gmock STATIC IMPORTED)
     set_target_properties(gmock
@@ -431,13 +442,13 @@ endmacro()
 if (MILVUS_BUILD_TESTS)
     resolve_dependency(GTest)
 
-    if(NOT GTEST_VENDORED)
-    endif()
+    if (NOT GTEST_VENDORED)
+    endif ()
 
     get_target_property(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR gtest INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     link_directories(SYSTEM "${GTEST_PREFIX}/lib")
     include_directories(SYSTEM ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR})
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # MySQL++
@@ -456,7 +467,7 @@ macro(build_mysqlpp)
             "CXXFLAGS=${EP_CXX_FLAGS}"
             "LDFLAGS=-pthread")
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "mysqlpp_${MYSQLPP_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(MYSQLPP_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -479,15 +490,15 @@ macro(build_mysqlpp)
                     ${MYSQLPP_SHARED_LIB})
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(mysqlpp_ep ${MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/mysqlpp_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${MYSQLPP_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             file(DOWNLOAD ${MYSQLPP_CACHE_URL} ${MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
             list(GET status 0 status_code)
             message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${MYSQLPP_CACHE_URL} TO ${MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
             if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                 ExternalProject_Use_Cache(mysqlpp_ep ${MYSQLPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
+            endif ()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(mysqlpp_ep
                 URL
                 ${MYSQLPP_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -501,7 +512,7 @@ macro(build_mysqlpp)
                 1
                 BUILD_BYPRODUCTS
                 ${MYSQLPP_SHARED_LIB})
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${MYSQLPP_INCLUDE_DIR}")
     add_library(mysqlpp SHARED IMPORTED)
@@ -515,13 +526,13 @@ macro(build_mysqlpp)
 
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_MYSQLPP)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_MYSQLPP)
 
     resolve_dependency(MySQLPP)
     get_target_property(MYSQLPP_INCLUDE_DIR mysqlpp INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     include_directories(SYSTEM "${MYSQLPP_INCLUDE_DIR}")
     link_directories(SYSTEM ${MYSQLPP_PREFIX}/lib)
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Prometheus
@@ -547,9 +558,9 @@ macro(build_prometheus)
             "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${PROMETHEUS_PREFIX}"
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release)
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         execute_process(COMMAND sh -c "git ls-remote --heads --tags ${PROMETHEUS_SOURCE_URL} ${PROMETHEUS_VERSION} | cut -f 1" OUTPUT_VARIABLE PROMETHEUS_LAST_COMMIT_ID)
-        if(${PROMETHEUS_LAST_COMMIT_ID} MATCHES "^[^#][a-z0-9]+")
+        if (${PROMETHEUS_LAST_COMMIT_ID} MATCHES "^[^#][a-z0-9]+")
             string(MD5 PROMETHEUS_COMBINE_MD5 "${PROMETHEUS_LAST_COMMIT_ID}")
             set(PROMETHEUS_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "prometheus_${PROMETHEUS_COMBINE_MD5}.tar.gz")
             set(PROMETHEUS_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -583,18 +594,18 @@ macro(build_prometheus)
                         "${PROMETHEUS_PULL_STATIC_LIB}")
 
                 ExternalProject_Create_Cache(prometheus_ep ${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/prometheus_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_URL})
-            else()
+            else ()
                 file(DOWNLOAD ${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_URL} ${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
                 list(GET status 0 status_code)
                 message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_URL} TO ${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
                 if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                     ExternalProject_Use_Cache(prometheus_ep ${PROMETHEUS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-                endif()
-            endif()
-        else()
+                endif ()
+            endif ()
+        else ()
             message(FATAL_ERROR "The last commit ID of \"${PROMETHEUS_SOURCE_URL}\" repository don't match!")
-        endif()
-    else()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(prometheus_ep
                 GIT_REPOSITORY
                 ${PROMETHEUS_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -618,7 +629,7 @@ macro(build_prometheus)
                 "${PROMETHEUS_CORE_STATIC_LIB}"
                 "${PROMETHEUS_PUSH_STATIC_LIB}"
                 "${PROMETHEUS_PULL_STATIC_LIB}")
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${PROMETHEUS_PREFIX}/push/include")
     add_library(prometheus-cpp-push STATIC IMPORTED)
@@ -642,7 +653,7 @@ macro(build_prometheus)
     add_dependencies(prometheus-cpp-core prometheus_ep)
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_PROMETHEUS)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_PROMETHEUS)
 
     resolve_dependency(Prometheus)
 
@@ -655,7 +666,7 @@ if(MILVUS_WITH_PROMETHEUS)
     link_directories(SYSTEM ${PROMETHEUS_PREFIX}/core/)
     include_directories(SYSTEM ${PROMETHEUS_PREFIX}/core/include)
 
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # SQLite
@@ -674,7 +685,7 @@ macro(build_sqlite)
             "CFLAGS=${EP_C_FLAGS}"
             "CXXFLAGS=${EP_CXX_FLAGS}")
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "sqlite_${SQLITE_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(SQLITE_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -698,15 +709,15 @@ macro(build_sqlite)
                     "${SQLITE_STATIC_LIB}")
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(sqlite_ep ${SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/sqlite_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${SQLITE_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             file(DOWNLOAD ${SQLITE_CACHE_URL} ${SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
             list(GET status 0 status_code)
             message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${SQLITE_CACHE_URL} TO ${SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
             if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                 ExternalProject_Use_Cache(sqlite_ep ${SQLITE_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
+            endif ()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(sqlite_ep
                 URL
                 ${SQLITE_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -721,7 +732,7 @@ macro(build_sqlite)
                 1
                 BUILD_BYPRODUCTS
                 "${SQLITE_STATIC_LIB}")
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${SQLITE_INCLUDE_DIR}")
     add_library(sqlite STATIC IMPORTED)
@@ -733,11 +744,11 @@ macro(build_sqlite)
     add_dependencies(sqlite sqlite_ep)
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_SQLITE)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_SQLITE)
     resolve_dependency(SQLite)
     include_directories(SYSTEM "${SQLITE_INCLUDE_DIR}")
     link_directories(SYSTEM ${SQLITE_PREFIX}/lib/)
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # SQLite_ORM
@@ -753,16 +764,16 @@ macro(build_sqlite_orm)
         file(DOWNLOAD ${SQLITE_ORM_SOURCE_URL}
                 ${SQLITE_ORM_TAR_NAME})
         execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar -xf ${SQLITE_ORM_TAR_NAME}
-                        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${SQLITE_ORM_PREFIX})
+                WORKING_DIRECTORY ${SQLITE_ORM_PREFIX})
 
     endif ()
 
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_SQLITE_ORM)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_SQLITE_ORM)
     resolve_dependency(SQLite_ORM)
     include_directories(SYSTEM "${SQLITE_ORM_INCLUDE_DIR}")
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # yaml-cpp
@@ -779,7 +790,7 @@ macro(build_yamlcpp)
             -DYAML_CPP_BUILD_TESTS=OFF
             -DYAML_CPP_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF)
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "yaml-cpp_${YAMLCPP_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(YAMLCPP_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -800,15 +811,15 @@ macro(build_yamlcpp)
                     ${YAMLCPP_CMAKE_ARGS})
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(yaml-cpp_ep ${YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/yaml-cpp_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${YAMLCPP_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             file(DOWNLOAD ${YAMLCPP_CACHE_URL} ${YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
             list(GET status 0 status_code)
             message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${YAMLCPP_CACHE_URL} TO ${YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
             if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                 ExternalProject_Use_Cache(yaml-cpp_ep ${YAMLCPP_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
+            endif ()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(yaml-cpp_ep
                 URL
                 ${YAMLCPP_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -820,7 +831,7 @@ macro(build_yamlcpp)
                 "${YAMLCPP_STATIC_LIB}"
                 CMAKE_ARGS
                 ${YAMLCPP_CMAKE_ARGS})
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${YAMLCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}")
     add_library(yaml-cpp STATIC IMPORTED)
@@ -831,13 +842,13 @@ macro(build_yamlcpp)
     add_dependencies(yaml-cpp yaml-cpp_ep)
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_YAMLCPP)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_YAMLCPP)
     resolve_dependency(yaml-cpp)
 
     get_target_property(YAMLCPP_INCLUDE_DIR yaml-cpp INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     link_directories(SYSTEM ${YAMLCPP_PREFIX}/lib/)
     include_directories(SYSTEM ${YAMLCPP_INCLUDE_DIR})
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # libunwind
@@ -849,7 +860,7 @@ macro(build_libunwind)
     set(LIBUNWIND_SHARED_LIB "${LIBUNWIND_PREFIX}/lib/libunwind${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
     set(LIBUNWIND_CONFIGURE_ARGS "--prefix=${LIBUNWIND_PREFIX}")
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "libunwind_${LIBUNWIND_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(LIBUNWIND_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -874,15 +885,15 @@ macro(build_libunwind)
                     ${LIBUNWIND_SHARED_LIB})
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(libunwind_ep ${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libunwind_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             file(DOWNLOAD ${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_URL} ${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
             list(GET status 0 status_code)
             message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_URL} TO ${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
             if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                 ExternalProject_Use_Cache(libunwind_ep ${LIBUNWIND_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
+            endif ()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(libunwind_ep
                 URL
                 ${LIBUNWIND_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -898,7 +909,7 @@ macro(build_libunwind)
                 ${MAKE} install
                 BUILD_BYPRODUCTS
                 ${LIBUNWIND_SHARED_LIB})
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${LIBUNWIND_INCLUDE_DIR}")
 
@@ -910,12 +921,12 @@ macro(build_libunwind)
     add_dependencies(libunwind libunwind_ep)
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_LIBUNWIND)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_LIBUNWIND)
     resolve_dependency(libunwind)
 
     get_target_property(LIBUNWIND_INCLUDE_DIR libunwind INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     include_directories(SYSTEM ${LIBUNWIND_INCLUDE_DIR})
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # gperftools
@@ -927,7 +938,7 @@ macro(build_gperftools)
     set(GPERFTOOLS_STATIC_LIB "${GPERFTOOLS_PREFIX}/lib/libprofiler${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
     set(GPERFTOOLS_CONFIGURE_ARGS "--prefix=${GPERFTOOLS_PREFIX}")
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "gperftools_${GPERFTOOLS_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -952,15 +963,15 @@ macro(build_gperftools)
                     ${GPERFTOOLS_STATIC_LIB})
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(gperftools_ep ${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/gperftools_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             file(DOWNLOAD ${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_URL} ${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
             list(GET status 0 status_code)
             message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_URL} TO ${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
             if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                 ExternalProject_Use_Cache(gperftools_ep ${GPERFTOOLS_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
+            endif ()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(gperftools_ep
                 URL
                 ${GPERFTOOLS_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -976,7 +987,7 @@ macro(build_gperftools)
                 ${MAKE} install
                 BUILD_BYPRODUCTS
                 ${GPERFTOOLS_STATIC_LIB})
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     ExternalProject_Add_StepDependencies(gperftools_ep build libunwind_ep)
 
@@ -992,13 +1003,13 @@ macro(build_gperftools)
     add_dependencies(gperftools libunwind_ep)
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_GPERFTOOLS)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_GPERFTOOLS)
     resolve_dependency(gperftools)
 
     get_target_property(GPERFTOOLS_INCLUDE_DIR gperftools INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     include_directories(SYSTEM ${GPERFTOOLS_INCLUDE_DIR})
     link_directories(SYSTEM ${GPERFTOOLS_PREFIX}/lib)
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # GRPC
@@ -1014,7 +1025,7 @@ macro(build_grpc)
     set(GRPC_PROTOBUF_STATIC_LIB "${GRPC_PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR}/${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}protobuf${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
     set(GRPC_PROTOC_STATIC_LIB "${GRPC_PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR}/${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}protoc${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "grpc_${GRPC_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(GRPC_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -1044,15 +1055,15 @@ macro(build_grpc)
             ExternalProject_Add_StepDependencies(grpc_ep build zlib_ep)
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(grpc_ep ${GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/grpc_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${GRPC_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             file(DOWNLOAD ${GRPC_CACHE_URL} ${GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
             list(GET status 0 status_code)
             message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${GRPC_CACHE_URL} TO ${GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
             if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                 ExternalProject_Use_Cache(grpc_ep ${GRPC_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
+            endif ()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(grpc_ep
                 URL
                 ${GRPC_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -1074,7 +1085,7 @@ macro(build_grpc)
 
         ExternalProject_Add_StepDependencies(grpc_ep build zlib_ep)
 
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${GRPC_INCLUDE_DIR}")
 
@@ -1082,29 +1093,29 @@ macro(build_grpc)
     set_target_properties(grpc
             PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GRPC_STATIC_LIB}"
             INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GRPC_INCLUDE_DIR}"
-            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib" )
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib")
 
     add_library(grpc++ STATIC IMPORTED)
     set_target_properties(grpc++
             PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GRPC++_STATIC_LIB}"
             INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GRPC_INCLUDE_DIR}"
-            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib" )
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib")
 
     add_library(grpcpp_channelz STATIC IMPORTED)
     set_target_properties(grpcpp_channelz
             PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GRPCPP_CHANNELZ_STATIC_LIB}"
             INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GRPC_INCLUDE_DIR}"
-            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib" )
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib")
 
     add_library(grpc_protobuf STATIC IMPORTED)
     set_target_properties(grpc_protobuf
             PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GRPC_PROTOBUF_STATIC_LIB}"
-            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib" )
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib")
 
     add_library(grpc_protoc STATIC IMPORTED)
     set_target_properties(grpc_protoc
             PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GRPC_PROTOC_STATIC_LIB}"
-            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib" )
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "zlib")
 
     add_dependencies(grpc grpc_ep)
     add_dependencies(grpc++ grpc_ep)
@@ -1113,7 +1124,7 @@ macro(build_grpc)
     add_dependencies(grpc_protoc grpc_ep)
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_GRPC)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_GRPC)
     resolve_dependency(GRPC)
 
     get_target_property(GRPC_INCLUDE_DIR grpc INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
@@ -1123,7 +1134,7 @@ if(MILVUS_WITH_GRPC)
     set(GRPC_THIRD_PARTY_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/grpc_ep-prefix/src/grpc_ep/third_party)
     include_directories(SYSTEM ${GRPC_THIRD_PARTY_DIR}/protobuf/src)
     link_directories(SYSTEM ${GRPC_PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR})
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # zlib
@@ -1137,7 +1148,7 @@ macro(build_zlib)
     set(ZLIB_CMAKE_ARGS ${EP_COMMON_CMAKE_ARGS} "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${ZLIB_PREFIX}"
             -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF)
 
-    if(USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
+    if (USE_JFROG_CACHE STREQUAL "ON")
         set(ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME "zlib_${ZLIB_MD5}.tar.gz")
         set(ZLIB_CACHE_URL "${JFROG_ARTFACTORY_CACHE_URL}/${ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
         set(ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH "${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_CACHE}/${ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_NAME}")
@@ -1158,15 +1169,15 @@ macro(build_zlib)
                     ${ZLIB_CMAKE_ARGS})
 
             ExternalProject_Create_Cache(zlib_ep ${ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/zlib_ep-prefix" ${JFROG_USER_NAME} ${JFROG_PASSWORD} ${ZLIB_CACHE_URL})
-        else()
+        else ()
             file(DOWNLOAD ${ZLIB_CACHE_URL} ${ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} STATUS status)
             list(GET status 0 status_code)
             message(STATUS "DOWNLOADING FROM ${ZLIB_CACHE_URL} TO ${ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH}. STATUS = ${status_code}")
             if (status_code EQUAL 0)
                 ExternalProject_Use_Cache(zlib_ep ${ZLIB_CACHE_PACKAGE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
+            endif ()
+        endif ()
+    else ()
         externalproject_add(zlib_ep
                 URL
                 ${ZLIB_SOURCE_URL}
@@ -1178,7 +1189,7 @@ macro(build_zlib)
                 "${ZLIB_STATIC_LIB}"
                 CMAKE_ARGS
                 ${ZLIB_CMAKE_ARGS})
-    endif()
+    endif ()
 
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR}")
     add_library(zlib STATIC IMPORTED)
@@ -1189,9 +1200,9 @@ macro(build_zlib)
     add_dependencies(zlib zlib_ep)
 endmacro()
 
-if(MILVUS_WITH_ZLIB)
+if (MILVUS_WITH_ZLIB)
     resolve_dependency(ZLIB)
 
     get_target_property(ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR zlib INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     include_directories(SYSTEM ${ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR})
-endif()
+endif ()
diff --git a/core/src/db/engine/ExecutionEngineImpl.cpp b/core/src/db/engine/ExecutionEngineImpl.cpp
index 66e9795ff3c5e9bbebbda9f416c590b43d84c8b5..b6db2616cb8ec8cade5dcb83d52082be1c0a520f 100644
--- a/core/src/db/engine/ExecutionEngineImpl.cpp
+++ b/core/src/db/engine/ExecutionEngineImpl.cpp
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Status
 ExecutionEngineImpl::CopyToGpu(uint64_t device_id, bool hybrid) {
     if (hybrid) {
         const std::string key = location_ + ".quantizer";
-        std::vector<uint64_t> gpus = scheduler::get_gpu_pool();
+        std::vector<uint64_t> gpus{device_id};
 
         const int64_t NOT_FOUND = -1;
         int64_t device_id = NOT_FOUND;
diff --git a/core/src/index/unittest/faiss_benchmark/faiss_benchmark_test.cpp b/core/src/index/unittest/faiss_benchmark/faiss_benchmark_test.cpp
index e80b85e024941fedf7555145aedf286e37837ea4..780e620e6a732d8a20585477a2f6a77d724af641 100644
--- a/core/src/index/unittest/faiss_benchmark/faiss_benchmark_test.cpp
+++ b/core/src/index/unittest/faiss_benchmark/faiss_benchmark_test.cpp
@@ -17,35 +17,57 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <hdf5.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdio>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define USE_FAISS_V1_5_3 0
+
+#if USE_FAISS_V1_5_3
+#include <faiss/gpu/GpuAutoTune.h>
+#include <faiss/utils.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
 
+#else
+#include <faiss/gpu/GpuCloner.h>
+#include <faiss/index_factory.h>
+#include <faiss/utils/distances.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <faiss/AutoTune.h>
 #include <faiss/Index.h>
 #include <faiss/IndexIVF.h>
-#include <faiss/gpu/GpuAutoTune.h>
 #include <faiss/gpu/GpuIndexFlat.h>
-#include <faiss/gpu/GpuIndexIVFSQHybrid.h>
 #include <faiss/gpu/StandardGpuResources.h>
 #include <faiss/index_io.h>
-#include <faiss/utils.h>
-
-#include <hdf5.h>
 
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef CUSTOMIZATION
+#include <faiss/gpu/GpuIndexIVFSQHybrid.h>
+#endif
 
 /*****************************************************
  * To run this test, please download the HDF5 from
  *  https://support.hdfgroup.org/ftp/HDF5/releases/
  * and install it to /usr/local/hdf5 .
  *****************************************************/
+#define DEBUG_VERBOSE 0
+
+const char HDF5_POSTFIX[] = ".hdf5";
+const char HDF5_DATASET_TRAIN[] = "train";
+const char HDF5_DATASET_TEST[] = "test";
+const char HDF5_DATASET_NEIGHBORS[] = "neighbors";
+const char HDF5_DATASET_DISTANCES[] = "distances";
+
+const int32_t GPU_DEVICE_IDX = 0;
+
+enum QueryMode { MODE_CPU = 0, MODE_MIX, MODE_GPU };
 
 double
 elapsed() {
@@ -54,55 +76,48 @@ elapsed() {
     return tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
 }
 
+void
+normalize(float* arr, size_t nq, size_t dim) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nq; i++) {
+        double vecLen = 0.0, inv_vecLen = 0.0;
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < dim; j++) {
+            double val = arr[i * dim + j];
+            vecLen += val * val;
+        }
+        inv_vecLen = 1.0 / std::sqrt(vecLen);
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < dim; j++) {
+            arr[i * dim + j] = (float)(arr[i * dim + j] * inv_vecLen);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void*
-hdf5_read(const char* file_name, const char* dataset_name, H5T_class_t dataset_class, size_t& d_out, size_t& n_out) {
+hdf5_read(const std::string& file_name, const std::string& dataset_name, H5T_class_t dataset_class, size_t& d_out,
+          size_t& n_out) {
     hid_t file, dataset, datatype, dataspace, memspace;
     H5T_class_t t_class;   /* data type class */
-    H5T_order_t order;     /* data order */
-    size_t size;           /* size of the data element stored in file */
     hsize_t dimsm[3];      /* memory space dimensions */
     hsize_t dims_out[2];   /* dataset dimensions */
     hsize_t count[2];      /* size of the hyperslab in the file */
     hsize_t offset[2];     /* hyperslab offset in the file */
     hsize_t count_out[3];  /* size of the hyperslab in memory */
     hsize_t offset_out[3]; /* hyperslab offset in memory */
-    int rank;
-    void* data_out; /* output buffer */
+    void* data_out;        /* output buffer */
 
     /* Open the file and the dataset. */
-    file = H5Fopen(file_name, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, H5P_DEFAULT);
-    dataset = H5Dopen2(file, dataset_name, H5P_DEFAULT);
+    file = H5Fopen(file_name.c_str(), H5F_ACC_RDONLY, H5P_DEFAULT);
+    dataset = H5Dopen2(file, dataset_name.c_str(), H5P_DEFAULT);
 
-    /*
-     * Get datatype and dataspace handles and then query
-     * dataset class, order, size, rank and dimensions.
-     */
+    /* Get datatype and dataspace handles and then query
+     * dataset class, order, size, rank and dimensions. */
     datatype = H5Dget_type(dataset); /* datatype handle */
     t_class = H5Tget_class(datatype);
     assert(t_class == dataset_class || !"Illegal dataset class type");
 
-    order = H5Tget_order(datatype);
-    switch (order) {
-        case H5T_ORDER_LE:
-            printf("Little endian order \n");
-            break;
-        case H5T_ORDER_BE:
-            printf("Big endian order \n");
-            break;
-        default:
-            printf("Illegal endian order \n");
-            break;
-    }
-
-    size = H5Tget_size(datatype);
-    printf("Data size is %d \n", (int)size);
-
     dataspace = H5Dget_space(dataset); /* dataspace handle */
-    rank = H5Sget_simple_extent_ndims(dataspace);
     H5Sget_simple_extent_dims(dataspace, dims_out, NULL);
     n_out = dims_out[0];
     d_out = dims_out[1];
-    printf("rank %d, dimensions %lu x %lu \n", rank, n_out, d_out);
 
     /* Define hyperslab in the dataset. */
     offset[0] = offset[1] = 0;
@@ -192,10 +207,9 @@ GetResultHitCount(const faiss::Index::idx_t* ground_index, const faiss::Index::i
     for (int i = 0; i < nq; i++) {
         // count the num of results exist in ground truth result set
         // each result replicates INDEX_ADD_LOOPS times
-        for (int j_c = 0; j_c < ground_k; j_c++) {
+        for (int j_c = 0; j_c < k; j_c++) {
             int r_c = index[i * k + j_c];
-            int j_g = 0;
-            for (; j_g < ground_k / index_add_loops; j_g++) {
+            for (int j_g = 0; j_g < ground_k / index_add_loops; j_g++) {
                 if (ground_index[i * ground_k + j_g] == r_c) {
                     hit++;
                     continue;
@@ -206,101 +220,229 @@ GetResultHitCount(const faiss::Index::idx_t* ground_index, const faiss::Index::i
     return hit;
 }
 
+#if DEBUG_VERBOSE
 void
-test_ann_hdf5(const std::string& ann_test_name, const std::string& index_key, int32_t index_add_loops,
-              const std::vector<size_t>& nprobes, int32_t search_loops) {
-    double t0 = elapsed();
-
-    const std::string ann_file_name = ann_test_name + ".hdf5";
+print_array(const char* header, bool is_integer, const void* arr, size_t nq, size_t k) {
+    const int ROW = 10;
+    const int COL = 10;
+    assert(ROW <= nq);
+    assert(COL <= k);
+    printf("%s\n", header);
+    printf("==============================================\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
+            if (is_integer) {
+                printf("%7ld ", ((int64_t*)arr)[i * k + j]);
+            } else {
+                printf("%.6f ", ((float*)arr)[i * k + j]);
+            }
+        }
+        printf("\n");
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+}
+#endif
 
-    faiss::MetricType metric_type;
-    size_t dim;
+void
+load_base_data(faiss::Index*& index, const std::string& ann_test_name, const std::string& index_key,
+               faiss::gpu::StandardGpuResources& res, const faiss::MetricType metric_type, const size_t dim,
+               int32_t index_add_loops, QueryMode mode = MODE_CPU) {
+    double t0 = elapsed();
 
-    if (!parse_ann_test_name(ann_test_name, dim, metric_type)) {
-        printf("Invalid ann test name: %s\n", ann_test_name.c_str());
-        return;
-    }
+    const std::string ann_file_name = ann_test_name + HDF5_POSTFIX;
 
-    faiss::Index* index;
-    size_t d;
+    faiss::Index *cpu_index = nullptr, *gpu_index = nullptr;
+    faiss::distance_compute_blas_threshold = 800;
 
     std::string index_file_name = get_index_file_name(ann_test_name, index_key, index_add_loops);
+
     try {
-        index = faiss::read_index(index_file_name.c_str());
-        d = dim;
+        printf("[%.3f s] Reading index file: %s\n", elapsed() - t0, index_file_name.c_str());
+        cpu_index = faiss::read_index(index_file_name.c_str());
     } catch (...) {
-        printf("Cannot read index file: %s\n", index_file_name.c_str());
-
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading train set\n", elapsed() - t0);
-
-        size_t nb;
-        float* xb = (float*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name.c_str(), "train", H5T_FLOAT, d, nb);
+        size_t nb, d;
+        printf("[%.3f s] Loading HDF5 file: %s\n", elapsed() - t0, ann_file_name.c_str());
+        float* xb = (float*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name, HDF5_DATASET_TRAIN, H5T_FLOAT, d, nb);
         assert(d == dim || !"dataset does not have correct dimension");
 
-        printf("[%.3f s] Preparing index \"%s\" d=%ld\n", elapsed() - t0, index_key.c_str(), d);
-
-        index = faiss::index_factory(d, index_key.c_str(), metric_type);
+        if (metric_type == faiss::METRIC_INNER_PRODUCT) {
+            printf("[%.3f s] Normalizing base data set \n", elapsed() - t0);
+            normalize(xb, nb, d);
+        }
 
-        printf("[%.3f s] Training on %ld vectors\n", elapsed() - t0, nb);
+        printf("[%.3f s] Creating CPU index \"%s\" d=%ld\n", elapsed() - t0, index_key.c_str(), d);
+        cpu_index = faiss::index_factory(d, index_key.c_str(), metric_type);
 
-        index->train(nb, xb);
+        printf("[%.3f s] Cloning CPU index to GPU\n", elapsed() - t0);
+        gpu_index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, GPU_DEVICE_IDX, cpu_index);
+        delete cpu_index;
 
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading database\n", elapsed() - t0);
+        printf("[%.3f s] Training on %ld vectors\n", elapsed() - t0, nb);
+        gpu_index->train(nb, xb);
 
         // add index multiple times to get ~1G data set
         for (int i = 0; i < index_add_loops; i++) {
-            printf("[%.3f s] Indexing database, size %ld*%ld\n", elapsed() - t0, nb, d);
-            index->add(nb, xb);
+            printf("[%.3f s] No.%d Indexing database, size %ld*%ld\n", elapsed() - t0, i, nb, d);
+            gpu_index->add(nb, xb);
+        }
+
+        printf("[%.3f s] Coping GPU index to CPU\n", elapsed() - t0);
+
+        cpu_index = faiss::gpu::index_gpu_to_cpu(gpu_index);
+        delete gpu_index;
+
+        faiss::IndexIVF* cpu_ivf_index = dynamic_cast<faiss::IndexIVF*>(cpu_index);
+        if (cpu_ivf_index != nullptr) {
+            cpu_ivf_index->to_readonly();
         }
 
-        faiss::write_index(index, index_file_name.c_str());
+        printf("[%.3f s] Writing index file: %s\n", elapsed() - t0, index_file_name.c_str());
+        faiss::write_index(cpu_index, index_file_name.c_str());
 
         delete[] xb;
     }
 
-    size_t nq;
-    float* xq;
-    {
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading queries\n", elapsed() - t0);
+    index = cpu_index;
+}
+
+void
+load_query_data(faiss::Index::distance_t*& xq, size_t& nq, const std::string& ann_test_name,
+                const faiss::MetricType metric_type, const size_t dim) {
+    double t0 = elapsed();
+    size_t d;
 
-        size_t d2;
-        xq = (float*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name.c_str(), "test", H5T_FLOAT, d2, nq);
-        assert(d == d2 || !"query does not have same dimension as train set");
+    const std::string ann_file_name = ann_test_name + HDF5_POSTFIX;
+
+    xq = (float*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name, HDF5_DATASET_TEST, H5T_FLOAT, d, nq);
+    assert(d == dim || !"query does not have same dimension as train set");
+
+    if (metric_type == faiss::METRIC_INNER_PRODUCT) {
+        printf("[%.3f s] Normalizing query data \n", elapsed() - t0);
+        normalize(xq, nq, d);
     }
+}
+
+void
+load_ground_truth(faiss::Index::idx_t*& gt, size_t& k, const std::string& ann_test_name, const size_t nq) {
+    const std::string ann_file_name = ann_test_name + HDF5_POSTFIX;
+
+    // load ground-truth and convert int to long
+    size_t nq2;
+    int* gt_int = (int*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name, HDF5_DATASET_NEIGHBORS, H5T_INTEGER, k, nq2);
+    assert(nq2 == nq || !"incorrect nb of ground truth index");
+
+    gt = new faiss::Index::idx_t[k * nq];
+    for (int i = 0; i < k * nq; i++) {
+        gt[i] = gt_int[i];
+    }
+    delete[] gt_int;
+
+#if DEBUG_VERBOSE
+    faiss::Index::distance_t* gt_dist;  // nq * k matrix of ground-truth nearest-neighbors distances
+    gt_dist = (float*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name, HDF5_DATASET_DISTANCES, H5T_FLOAT, k, nq2);
+    assert(nq2 == nq || !"incorrect nb of ground truth distance");
+
+    std::string str;
+    str = ann_test_name + " ground truth index";
+    print_array(str.c_str(), true, gt, nq, k);
+    str = ann_test_name + " ground truth distance";
+    print_array(str.c_str(), false, gt_dist, nq, k);
+
+    delete gt_dist;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+test_with_nprobes(const std::string& ann_test_name, const std::string& index_key, faiss::Index* cpu_index,
+                  faiss::gpu::StandardGpuResources& res, const QueryMode query_mode, const faiss::Index::distance_t* xq,
+                  const faiss::Index::idx_t* gt, const std::vector<size_t> nprobes, const int32_t index_add_loops,
+                  const int32_t search_loops) {
+    double t0 = elapsed();
+
+    const size_t NQ = 1000, NQ_START = 10, NQ_STEP = 10;
+    const size_t K = 1000, K_START = 100, K_STEP = 10;
+    const size_t GK = 100;  // topk of ground truth
+
+    std::unordered_map<size_t, std::string> mode_str_map = {
+        {MODE_CPU, "MODE_CPU"}, {MODE_MIX, "MODE_MIX"}, {MODE_GPU, "MODE_GPU"}};
+
+    faiss::Index *gpu_index, *index;
+    if (query_mode != MODE_CPU) {
+        faiss::gpu::GpuClonerOptions option;
+        option.allInGpu = true;
+
+        faiss::IndexComposition index_composition;
+        index_composition.index = cpu_index;
+        index_composition.quantizer = nullptr;
+
+        double copy_time;
+        switch (query_mode) {
+            case MODE_MIX: {
+                index_composition.mode = 1;  // 0: all data, 1: copy quantizer, 2: copy data
+
+                // warm up the transmission
+                gpu_index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, GPU_DEVICE_IDX, &index_composition, &option);
+                delete gpu_index;
+
+                copy_time = elapsed();
+                gpu_index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, GPU_DEVICE_IDX, &index_composition, &option);
+                delete gpu_index;
+                copy_time = elapsed() - copy_time;
+                printf("[%.3f s] Copy quantizer completed, cost %f s\n", elapsed() - t0, copy_time);
+
+                auto ivf_index = dynamic_cast<faiss::IndexIVF*>(cpu_index);
+                auto is_gpu_flat_index = dynamic_cast<faiss::gpu::GpuIndexFlat*>(ivf_index->quantizer);
+                if (is_gpu_flat_index == nullptr) {
+                    delete ivf_index->quantizer;
+                    ivf_index->quantizer = index_composition.quantizer;
+                }
+                index = cpu_index;
+                break;
+            }
+            case MODE_GPU:
+                index_composition.mode = 0;  // 0: all data, 1: copy quantizer, 2: copy data
 
-    size_t k;                 // nb of results per query in the GT
-    faiss::Index::idx_t* gt;  // nq * k matrix of ground-truth nearest-neighbors
-    {
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading ground truth for %ld queries\n", elapsed() - t0, nq);
+                // warm up the transmission
+                gpu_index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, GPU_DEVICE_IDX, &index_composition, &option);
+                delete gpu_index;
 
-        // load ground-truth and convert int to long
-        size_t nq2;
-        int* gt_int = (int*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name.c_str(), "neighbors", H5T_INTEGER, k, nq2);
-        assert(nq2 == nq || !"incorrect nb of ground truth entries");
+                copy_time = elapsed();
+                gpu_index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, GPU_DEVICE_IDX, &index_composition, &option);
+                copy_time = elapsed() - copy_time;
+                printf("[%.3f s] Copy data completed, cost %f s\n", elapsed() - t0, copy_time);
 
-        gt = new faiss::Index::idx_t[k * nq];
-        for (int i = 0; i < k * nq; i++) {
-            gt[i] = gt_int[i];
+                delete cpu_index;
+                index = gpu_index;
+                break;
         }
-        delete[] gt_int;
+    } else {
+        index = cpu_index;
     }
 
     for (auto nprobe : nprobes) {
-        faiss::ParameterSpace params;
-
-        std::string nprobe_str = "nprobe=" + std::to_string(nprobe);
-        params.set_index_parameters(index, nprobe_str.c_str());
+        switch (query_mode) {
+            case MODE_CPU:
+            case MODE_MIX: {
+                faiss::ParameterSpace params;
+                std::string nprobe_str = "nprobe=" + std::to_string(nprobe);
+                params.set_index_parameters(index, nprobe_str.c_str());
+                break;
+            }
+            case MODE_GPU: {
+                faiss::gpu::GpuIndexIVF* gpu_index_ivf = dynamic_cast<faiss::gpu::GpuIndexIVF*>(index);
+                gpu_index_ivf->setNumProbes(nprobe);
+            }
+        }
 
         // output buffers
-#if 1
-        const size_t NQ = 1000, K = 1000;
         faiss::Index::idx_t* I = new faiss::Index::idx_t[NQ * K];
-        float* D = new float[NQ * K];
+        faiss::Index::distance_t* D = new faiss::Index::distance_t[NQ * K];
 
-        printf("\n%s | %s | nprobe=%lu\n", ann_test_name.c_str(), index_key.c_str(), nprobe);
+        printf("\n%s | %s - %s | nprobe=%lu\n", ann_test_name.c_str(), index_key.c_str(),
+               mode_str_map[query_mode].c_str(), nprobe);
         printf("======================================================================================\n");
-        for (size_t t_nq = 10; t_nq <= NQ; t_nq *= 10) {   // nq = {10, 100, 1000}
-            for (size_t t_k = 100; t_k <= K; t_k *= 10) {  //  k = {100, 1000}
+        for (size_t t_nq = NQ_START; t_nq <= NQ; t_nq *= NQ_STEP) {  // nq = {10, 100, 1000}
+            for (size_t t_k = K_START; t_k <= K; t_k *= K_STEP) {    //  k = {100, 1000}
                 faiss::indexIVF_stats.quantization_time = 0.0;
                 faiss::indexIVF_stats.search_time = 0.0;
 
@@ -310,271 +452,74 @@ test_ann_hdf5(const std::string& ann_test_name, const std::string& index_key, in
                 }
                 t_end = elapsed();
 
+#if DEBUG_VERBOSE
+                std::string str;
+                str = "I (" + index_key + ", nq=" + std::to_string(t_nq) + ", k=" + std::to_string(t_k) + ")";
+                print_array(str.c_str(), true, I, t_nq, t_k);
+                str = "D (" + index_key + ", nq=" + std::to_string(t_nq) + ", k=" + std::to_string(t_k) + ")";
+                print_array(str.c_str(), false, D, t_nq, t_k);
+#endif
+
                 // k = 100 for ground truth
-                int32_t hit = GetResultHitCount(gt, I, k, t_k, t_nq, index_add_loops);
+                int32_t hit = GetResultHitCount(gt, I, GK, t_k, t_nq, index_add_loops);
 
                 printf("nq = %4ld, k = %4ld, elapse = %.4fs (quant = %.4fs, search = %.4fs), R@ = %.4f\n", t_nq, t_k,
                        (t_end - t_start) / search_loops, faiss::indexIVF_stats.quantization_time / 1000 / search_loops,
                        faiss::indexIVF_stats.search_time / 1000 / search_loops,
-                       (hit / float(t_nq * k / index_add_loops)));
+                       (hit / float(t_nq * GK / index_add_loops)));
             }
         }
         printf("======================================================================================\n");
-#else
-        printf("[%.3f s] Perform a search on %ld queries\n", elapsed() - t0, nq);
-
-        faiss::Index::idx_t* I = new faiss::Index::idx_t[nq * k];
-        float* D = new float[nq * k];
-
-        index->search(nq, xq, k, D, I);
-
-        printf("[%.3f s] Compute recalls\n", elapsed() - t0);
-
-        // evaluate result by hand.
-        int n_1 = 0, n_10 = 0, n_100 = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < nq; i++) {
-            int gt_nn = gt[i * k];
-            for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
-                if (I[i * k + j] == gt_nn) {
-                    if (j < 1)
-                        n_1++;
-                    if (j < 10)
-                        n_10++;
-                    if (j < 100)
-                        n_100++;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        printf("R@1 = %.4f\n", n_1 / float(nq));
-        printf("R@10 = %.4f\n", n_10 / float(nq));
-        printf("R@100 = %.4f\n", n_100 / float(nq));
-#endif
-
-        printf("[%.3f s] Search test done\n\n", elapsed() - t0);
 
         delete[] I;
         delete[] D;
     }
 
-    delete[] xq;
-    delete[] gt;
     delete index;
 }
 
-#ifdef CUSTOMIZATION
 void
-test_ivfsq8h(const std::string& ann_test_name, int32_t index_add_loops, const std::vector<size_t>& nprobes,
-             bool pure_gpu_mode, int32_t search_loops) {
+test_ann_hdf5(const std::string& ann_test_name, const std::string& index_type, const QueryMode query_mode,
+              int32_t index_add_loops, const std::vector<size_t>& nprobes, int32_t search_loops) {
     double t0 = elapsed();
 
-    const std::string ann_file_name = ann_test_name + ".hdf5";
+    faiss::gpu::StandardGpuResources res;
 
     faiss::MetricType metric_type;
     size_t dim;
 
-    if (!parse_ann_test_name(ann_test_name, dim, metric_type)) {
-        printf("Invalid ann test name: %s\n", ann_test_name.c_str());
+    if (query_mode == MODE_MIX && index_type != "SQ8Hybrid") {
+        assert(index_type == "SQ8Hybrid" || !"Only SQ8Hybrid support MODE_MIX");
         return;
     }
 
-    faiss::distance_compute_blas_threshold = 800;
-    faiss::gpu::StandardGpuResources res;
-
-    const std::string index_key = "IVF16384,SQ8Hybrid";
-
-    faiss::Index* cpu_index = nullptr;
-    size_t d;
-
-    std::string index_file_name = get_index_file_name(ann_test_name, index_key, index_add_loops);
-    try {
-        cpu_index = faiss::read_index(index_file_name.c_str());
-        d = dim;
-    } catch (...) {
-        printf("Cannot read index file: %s\n", index_file_name.c_str());
-
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading train set\n", elapsed() - t0);
-
-        size_t nb;
-        float* xb = (float*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name.c_str(), "train", H5T_FLOAT, d, nb);
-        assert(d == dim || !"dataset does not have correct dimension");
-
-        printf("[%.3f s] Preparing index \"%s\" d=%ld\n", elapsed() - t0, index_key.c_str(), d);
-
-        faiss::Index* ori_index = faiss::index_factory(d, index_key.c_str(), metric_type);
-
-        auto device_index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, 0, ori_index);
-
-        printf("[%.3f s] Training on %ld vectors\n", elapsed() - t0, nb);
-
-        device_index->train(nb, xb);
-
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading database\n", elapsed() - t0);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < index_add_loops; i++) {
-            printf("[%.3f s] Indexing database, size %ld*%ld\n", elapsed() - t0, nb, d);
-            device_index->add(nb, xb);
-        }
-
-        cpu_index = faiss::gpu::index_gpu_to_cpu(device_index);
-        faiss::write_index(cpu_index, index_file_name.c_str());
-
-        delete[] xb;
-    }
-
-    faiss::IndexIVF* cpu_ivf_index = dynamic_cast<faiss::IndexIVF*>(cpu_index);
-    if (cpu_ivf_index != nullptr) {
-        cpu_ivf_index->to_readonly();
-    }
-
-    size_t nq;
-    float* xq;
-    {
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading queries\n", elapsed() - t0);
-
-        size_t d2;
-        xq = (float*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name.c_str(), "test", H5T_FLOAT, d2, nq);
-        assert(d == d2 || !"query does not have same dimension as train set");
-    }
-
-    size_t k;
-    faiss::Index::idx_t* gt;
-    {
-        printf("[%.3f s] Loading ground truth for %ld queries\n", elapsed() - t0, nq);
+    std::string index_key = "IVF16384," + index_type;
 
-        size_t nq2;
-        int* gt_int = (int*)hdf5_read(ann_file_name.c_str(), "neighbors", H5T_INTEGER, k, nq2);
-        assert(nq2 == nq || !"incorrect nb of ground truth entries");
-
-        gt = new faiss::Index::idx_t[k * nq];
-        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < k * nq; ++i) {
-            gt[i] = gt_int[i];
-        }
-        delete[] gt_int;
+    if (!parse_ann_test_name(ann_test_name, dim, metric_type)) {
+        printf("Invalid ann test name: %s\n", ann_test_name.c_str());
+        return;
     }
 
-    faiss::gpu::GpuClonerOptions option;
-    option.allInGpu = true;
-
-    faiss::IndexComposition index_composition;
-    index_composition.index = cpu_index;
-    index_composition.quantizer = nullptr;
-
+    size_t nq, k;
     faiss::Index* index;
-    double copy_time;
-
-    if (!pure_gpu_mode) {
-        index_composition.mode = 1;  // 0: all data, 1: copy quantizer, 2: copy data
-        index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, 0, &index_composition, &option);
-        delete index;
-
-        copy_time = elapsed();
-        index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, 0, &index_composition, &option);
-        delete index;
-    } else {
-        index_composition.mode = 2;
-        index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, 0, &index_composition, &option);
-        delete index;
-
-        copy_time = elapsed();
-        index = faiss::gpu::index_cpu_to_gpu(&res, 0, &index_composition, &option);
-    }
-
-    copy_time = elapsed() - copy_time;
-    printf("[%.3f s] Copy quantizer completed, cost %f s\n", elapsed() - t0, copy_time);
-
-    const size_t NQ = 1000, K = 1000;
-    if (!pure_gpu_mode) {
-        for (auto nprobe : nprobes) {
-            auto ivf_index = dynamic_cast<faiss::IndexIVF*>(cpu_index);
-            ivf_index->nprobe = nprobe;
+    faiss::Index::distance_t* xq;
+    faiss::Index::idx_t* gt;  // ground-truth index
 
-            auto is_gpu_flat_index = dynamic_cast<faiss::gpu::GpuIndexFlat*>(ivf_index->quantizer);
-            if (is_gpu_flat_index == nullptr) {
-                delete ivf_index->quantizer;
-                ivf_index->quantizer = index_composition.quantizer;
-            }
-
-            int64_t* I = new faiss::Index::idx_t[NQ * K];
-            float* D = new float[NQ * K];
-
-            printf("\n%s | %s-MIX | nprobe=%lu\n", ann_test_name.c_str(), index_key.c_str(), nprobe);
-            printf("======================================================================================\n");
-            for (size_t t_nq = 10; t_nq <= NQ; t_nq *= 10) {   // nq = {10, 100, 1000}
-                for (size_t t_k = 100; t_k <= K; t_k *= 10) {  //  k = {100, 1000}
-                    faiss::indexIVF_stats.quantization_time = 0.0;
-                    faiss::indexIVF_stats.search_time = 0.0;
-
-                    double t_start = elapsed(), t_end;
-                    for (int32_t i = 0; i < search_loops; i++) {
-                        cpu_index->search(t_nq, xq, t_k, D, I);
-                    }
-                    t_end = elapsed();
-
-                    // k = 100 for ground truth
-                    int32_t hit = GetResultHitCount(gt, I, k, t_k, t_nq, index_add_loops);
-
-                    printf("nq = %4ld, k = %4ld, elapse = %.4fs (quant = %.4fs, search = %.4fs), R@ = %.4f\n", t_nq,
-                           t_k, (t_end - t_start) / search_loops,
-                           faiss::indexIVF_stats.quantization_time / 1000 / search_loops,
-                           faiss::indexIVF_stats.search_time / 1000 / search_loops,
-                           (hit / float(t_nq * k / index_add_loops)));
-                }
-            }
-            printf("======================================================================================\n");
+    printf("[%.3f s] Loading base data\n", elapsed() - t0);
+    load_base_data(index, ann_test_name, index_key, res, metric_type, dim, index_add_loops, query_mode);
 
-            printf("[%.3f s] Search test done\n\n", elapsed() - t0);
+    printf("[%.3f s] Loading queries\n", elapsed() - t0);
+    load_query_data(xq, nq, ann_test_name, metric_type, dim);
 
-            delete[] I;
-            delete[] D;
-        }
-    } else {
-        std::shared_ptr<faiss::Index> gpu_index_ivf_ptr = std::shared_ptr<faiss::Index>(index);
-
-        for (auto nprobe : nprobes) {
-            faiss::gpu::GpuIndexIVFSQHybrid* gpu_index_ivf_hybrid =
-                dynamic_cast<faiss::gpu::GpuIndexIVFSQHybrid*>(gpu_index_ivf_ptr.get());
-            gpu_index_ivf_hybrid->setNumProbes(nprobe);
-
-            int64_t* I = new faiss::Index::idx_t[NQ * K];
-            float* D = new float[NQ * K];
-
-            printf("\n%s | %s-GPU | nprobe=%lu\n", ann_test_name.c_str(), index_key.c_str(), nprobe);
-            printf("======================================================================================\n");
-            for (size_t t_nq = 10; t_nq <= NQ; t_nq *= 10) {   // nq = {10, 100, 1000}
-                for (size_t t_k = 100; t_k <= K; t_k *= 10) {  //  k = {100, 1000}
-                    faiss::indexIVF_stats.quantization_time = 0.0;
-                    faiss::indexIVF_stats.search_time = 0.0;
-
-                    double t_start = elapsed(), t_end;
-                    for (int32_t i = 0; i < search_loops; i++) {
-                        gpu_index_ivf_ptr->search(nq, xq, k, D, I);
-                    }
-                    t_end = elapsed();
-
-                    // k = 100 for ground truth
-                    int32_t hit = GetResultHitCount(gt, I, k, t_k, t_nq, index_add_loops);
-
-                    printf("nq = %4ld, k = %4ld, elapse = %.4fs (quant = %.4fs, search = %.4fs), R@ = %.4f\n", t_nq,
-                           t_k, (t_end - t_start) / search_loops,
-                           faiss::indexIVF_stats.quantization_time / 1000 / search_loops,
-                           faiss::indexIVF_stats.search_time / 1000 / search_loops,
-                           (hit / float(t_nq * k / index_add_loops)));
-                }
-            }
-            printf("======================================================================================\n");
+    printf("[%.3f s] Loading ground truth for %ld queries\n", elapsed() - t0, nq);
+    load_ground_truth(gt, k, ann_test_name, nq);
 
-            printf("[%.3f s] Search test done\n\n", elapsed() - t0);
-
-            delete[] I;
-            delete[] D;
-        }
-    }
+    test_with_nprobes(ann_test_name, index_key, index, res, query_mode, xq, gt, nprobes, index_add_loops, search_loops);
+    printf("[%.3f s] Search test done\n\n", elapsed() - t0);
 
     delete[] xq;
     delete[] gt;
-    delete cpu_index;
 }
-#endif
 
 /************************************************************************************
  * https://github.com/erikbern/ann-benchmarks
@@ -593,22 +538,34 @@ test_ivfsq8h(const std::string& ann_test_name, int32_t index_add_loops, const st
 TEST(FAISSTEST, BENCHMARK) {
     std::vector<size_t> param_nprobes = {8, 128};
     const int32_t SEARCH_LOOPS = 5;
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     const int32_t SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS = 2;  // insert twice to get ~1G data set
-    const int32_t GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS = 1;
 
-    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "IVF4096,Flat", SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
-    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "IVF16384,SQ8", SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "Flat", MODE_CPU, SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "Flat", MODE_GPU, SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+
+    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "SQ8", MODE_CPU, SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "SQ8", MODE_GPU, SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+
 #ifdef CUSTOMIZATION
-    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "IVF16384,SQ8Hybrid", SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
-    test_ivfsq8h("sift-128-euclidean", SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, false, SEARCH_LOOPS);
-    test_ivfsq8h("sift-128-euclidean", SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, true, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "SQ8Hybrid", MODE_CPU, SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "SQ8Hybrid", MODE_MIX, SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("sift-128-euclidean", "SQ8Hybrid", MODE_GPU, SIFT_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
 #endif
 
-    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "IVF4096,Flat", GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
-    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "IVF16384,SQ8", GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    const int32_t GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS = 1;
+
+    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "Flat", MODE_CPU, GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "Flat", MODE_GPU, GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+
+    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "SQ8", MODE_CPU, GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "SQ8", MODE_GPU, GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+
 #ifdef CUSTOMIZATION
-    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "IVF16384,SQ8Hybrid", GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
-    test_ivfsq8h("glove-200-angular", GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, false, SEARCH_LOOPS);
-    test_ivfsq8h("glove-200-angular", GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, true, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "SQ8Hybrid", MODE_CPU, GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "SQ8Hybrid", MODE_MIX, GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
+    test_ann_hdf5("glove-200-angular", "SQ8Hybrid", MODE_GPU, GLOVE_INSERT_LOOPS, param_nprobes, SEARCH_LOOPS);
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.cpp b/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.cpp
index ddcee414a72ed21e70cc551a2a88d1b15c13aca9..cacedd620888274bf4814339f05fb96b26b6b7a2 100644
--- a/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.cpp
+++ b/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.cpp
@@ -55,16 +55,18 @@ LargeSQ8HPass::Run(const TaskPtr& task) {
     }
 
     std::vector<uint64_t> gpus = scheduler::get_gpu_pool();
-    std::vector<int64_t> all_free_mem;
-    for (auto& gpu : gpus) {
-        auto cache = cache::GpuCacheMgr::GetInstance(gpu);
-        auto free_mem = cache->CacheCapacity() - cache->CacheUsage();
-        all_free_mem.push_back(free_mem);
-    }
-
-    auto max_e = std::max_element(all_free_mem.begin(), all_free_mem.end());
-    auto best_index = std::distance(all_free_mem.begin(), max_e);
-    auto best_device_id = gpus[best_index];
+    //    std::vector<int64_t> all_free_mem;
+    //    for (auto& gpu : gpus) {
+    //        auto cache = cache::GpuCacheMgr::GetInstance(gpu);
+    //        auto free_mem = cache->CacheCapacity() - cache->CacheUsage();
+    //        all_free_mem.push_back(free_mem);
+    //    }
+    //
+    //    auto max_e = std::max_element(all_free_mem.begin(), all_free_mem.end());
+    //    auto best_index = std::distance(all_free_mem.begin(), max_e);
+    //    auto best_device_id = gpus[best_index];
+    auto best_device_id = count_ % gpus.size();
+    count_++;
 
     ResourcePtr res_ptr = ResMgrInst::GetInstance()->GetResource(ResourceType::GPU, best_device_id);
     if (not res_ptr) {
diff --git a/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.h b/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.h
index 1e00aa4a1bbe4539cf8082447c86fe512c4cd0de..9d135d413ae3038ca38596d6d90a0e68839335aa 100644
--- a/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.h
+++ b/core/src/scheduler/optimizer/LargeSQ8HPass.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class LargeSQ8HPass : public Pass {
 
  private:
     int32_t threshold_ = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+    int64_t count_ = 0;
 };
 
 using LargeSQ8HPassPtr = std::shared_ptr<LargeSQ8HPass>;
diff --git a/core/src/server/Config.cpp b/core/src/server/Config.cpp
index 86caf6dd3702346d48681a4837d984dec7861054..2a041284113632fc348685f476220d0d18a516da 100644
--- a/core/src/server/Config.cpp
+++ b/core/src/server/Config.cpp
@@ -714,9 +714,12 @@ Config::CheckResourceConfigSearchResources(const std::vector<std::string>& value
         return Status(SERVER_INVALID_ARGUMENT, msg);
     }
 
-    for (auto& gpu_device : value) {
-        if (!CheckGpuDevice(gpu_device).ok()) {
-            std::string msg = "Invalid search resource: " + gpu_device +
+    for (auto& device : value) {
+        if (device == "cpu") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!CheckGpuDevice(device).ok()) {
+            std::string msg = "Invalid search resource: " + device +
                               ". Possible reason: resource_config.search_resources does not match your hardware.";
             return Status(SERVER_INVALID_ARGUMENT, msg);
         }
@@ -726,6 +729,9 @@ Config::CheckResourceConfigSearchResources(const std::vector<std::string>& value
 
 Status
 Config::CheckResourceConfigIndexBuildDevice(const std::string& value) {
+    if (value == "cpu") {
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
     if (!CheckGpuDevice(value).ok()) {
         std::string msg = "Invalid index build device: " + value +
                           ". Possible reason: resource_config.index_build_device does not match your hardware.";