From e131e967930f8477dc4f1152ba0dbe8cc134645e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Luo Tao Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2017 16:53:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] remove gen_proto_data.py, refine test_Trainer.cpp --- paddle/trainer/tests/CMakeLists.txt | 1 - paddle/trainer/tests/chunking.conf | 125 - paddle/trainer/tests/gen_proto_data.py | 279 -- paddle/trainer/tests/test.txt | 1000 ----- paddle/trainer/tests/test_Trainer.cpp | 8 - paddle/trainer/tests/test_files.txt | 1 - paddle/trainer/tests/train.txt | 5000 ------------------------ paddle/trainer/tests/train_files.txt | 1 - 8 files changed, 6415 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 paddle/trainer/tests/chunking.conf delete mode 100644 paddle/trainer/tests/gen_proto_data.py delete mode 100644 paddle/trainer/tests/test.txt delete mode 100644 paddle/trainer/tests/test_files.txt delete mode 100644 paddle/trainer/tests/train.txt delete mode 100644 paddle/trainer/tests/train_files.txt diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/paddle/trainer/tests/CMakeLists.txt index 80665551ec..2739878b7f 100644 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/paddle/trainer/tests/CMakeLists.txt @@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ add_unittest_without_exec(test_Trainer test_Trainer.cpp) add_test(NAME test_Trainer COMMAND ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/paddle/.set_python_path.sh -d ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/python/ - ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/paddle/trainer/tests/gen_proto_data.py && ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/paddle/.set_python_path.sh -d ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/python/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/test_Trainer WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/paddle/) diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/chunking.conf b/paddle/trainer/tests/chunking.conf deleted file mode 100644 index d88df919df..0000000000 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/chunking.conf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,125 +0,0 @@ -#edit-mode: -*- python -*- -# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved -# -# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); -# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. -# You may obtain a copy of the License at -# -# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 -# -# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, -# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. -# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and -# limitations under the License. - -#Todo(luotao02) This config is only used for unitest. It is out of date now, and will be updated later. - -TrainData(ProtoData( - files = 'trainer/tests/train_files.txt', - usage_ratio = 1.0, -)) - -TestData(ProtoData( - files = 'trainer/tests/test_files.txt' -)) - -default_initial_std(1) -default_decay_rate(4e-4) -default_device(0) - -Inputs("features", "word", "pos", "chunk") - -Outputs("crf") - -Layer( - name = "features", - type = "data", - size = 4339, -) - -Layer( - name = "word", - type = "data", - size = 478, -) - -Layer( - name = "pos", - type = "data", - size = 45 -) - -Layer( - name = "chunk", - type = "data", - size = 23 -) - -Layer( - name = "output", - type = "mixed", - size = 23, - bias = False, - device = -1, - inputs = [ - FullMatrixProjection("features", parameter_name="feature_weights"), - # TableProjection("word"), - # TableProjection("pos"), - ], -) - -Layer( - name = "crf", - type = "crf", - size = 23, - device = -1, - inputs = [ - Input("output", parameter_name="crfw"), - "chunk" - ] -) - -Layer( - name = "crf_decoding", - type = "crf_decoding", - size = 23, - device = -1, - inputs = [ - Input("output", parameter_name="crfw"), - "chunk" - ] -) - -Evaluator( - name = "error", - type = "sum", - inputs = "crf_decoding", -) - -''' -# chuck evaluator cannot be used for GPU training -Evaluator( - name = "chunk_f1", - type = "chunk", - inputs = ["crf_decoding", "chunk"], - chunk_scheme = "IOB", - num_chunk_types = 11, -) -''' - -Settings( - algorithm = 'sgd', - batch_size = 100, - average_window = 0.5, - max_average_window = 2500, - learning_rate = 1e-1, - learning_rate_decay_a = 5e-7, - learning_rate_decay_b = 0.75, - l1weight = 0, - l2weight = 1, - c1 = 0.0001, - backoff = 0.5, - owlqn_steps = 100, - max_backoff = 5, -) diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/gen_proto_data.py b/paddle/trainer/tests/gen_proto_data.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8cc6d44673..0000000000 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/gen_proto_data.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,279 +0,0 @@ -# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved -# -# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); -# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. -# You may obtain a copy of the License at -# -# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 -# -# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, -# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. -# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and -# limitations under the License. - -from cStringIO import StringIO - -import paddle.proto.DataFormat_pb2 as DataFormat -from google.protobuf.internal.encoder import _EncodeVarint - -import logging -import pprint - -logging.basicConfig( - format='[%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(filename)s:%(lineno)s] %(message)s', ) -logger = logging.getLogger('paddle') -logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) - -OOV_POLICY_IGNORE = 0 -OOV_POLICY_USE = 1 -OOV_POLICY_ERROR = 2 - -num_original_columns = 3 - -# Feature combination patterns. -# [[-1,0], [0,0]] means previous token at column 0 and current token at -# column 0 are combined as one feature. -patterns = [ - [[-2, 0]], - [[-1, 0]], - [[0, 0]], - [[1, 0]], - [[2, 0]], - [[-1, 0], [0, 0]], - [[0, 0], [1, 0]], - [[-2, 1]], - [[-1, 1]], - [[0, 1]], - [[1, 1]], - [[2, 1]], - [[-2, 1], [-1, 1]], - [[-1, 1], [0, 1]], - [[0, 1], [1, 1]], - [[1, 1], [2, 1]], - [[-2, 1], [-1, 1], [0, 1]], - [[-1, 1], [0, 1], [1, 1]], - [[0, 1], [1, 1], [2, 1]], -] - - -def make_features(sequence): - length = len(sequence) - num_features = len(sequence[0]) - - def get_features(pos): - if pos < 0: - return ['#B%s' % -pos] * num_features - if pos >= length: - return ['#E%s' % (pos - length + 1)] * num_features - return sequence[pos] - - for i in xrange(length): - for pattern in patterns: - fname = '/'.join([get_features(i + pos)[f] for pos, f in pattern]) - sequence[i].append(fname) - - -''' -Source file format: -Each line is for one timestep. The features are separated by space. -An empty line indicates end of a sequence. - -cutoff: a list of numbers. If count of a feature is smaller than this, - it will be ignored. -if oov_policy[i] is OOV_POLICY_USE, id 0 is reserved for OOV features of -i-th column. - -return a list of dict for each column -''' - - -def create_dictionaries(filename, cutoff, oov_policy): - def add_to_dict(sequence, dicts): - num_features = len(dicts) - for features in sequence: - l = len(features) - assert l == num_features, "Wrong number of features " + line - for i in xrange(l): - if features[i] in dicts[i]: - dicts[i][features[i]] += 1 - else: - dicts[i][features[i]] = 1 - - num_features = len(cutoff) - dicts = [] - for i in xrange(num_features): - dicts.append(dict()) - - f = open(filename, 'rb') - - sequence = [] - - for line in f: - line = line.strip() - if not line: - make_features(sequence) - add_to_dict(sequence, dicts) - sequence = [] - continue - features = line.split(' ') - sequence.append(features) - - for i in xrange(num_features): - dct = dicts[i] - n = 1 if oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_USE else 0 - todo = [] - for k, v in dct.iteritems(): - if v < cutoff[i]: - todo.append(k) - else: - dct[k] = n - n += 1 - - if oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_USE: - # placeholder so that len(dct) will be the number of features - # including OOV - dct['#OOV#'] = 0 - - logger.info('column %d dict size=%d, ignored %d' % (i, n, len(todo))) - for k in todo: - del dct[k] - - f.close() - return dicts - - -def encode_varint(v): - out = StringIO() - _EncodeVarint(out.write, v) - return out.getvalue() - - -def write_proto(file, message): - s = message.SerializeToString() - packed_len = encode_varint(len(s)) - file.write(packed_len + s) - - -''' -if oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_USE, features in i-th column which are not -existed in dicts[i] will be assigned to id 0. -if oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_ERROR, all features in i-th column MUST exist -in dicts[i]. -''' - - -def gen_proto_file(input_file, dicts, oov_policy, output_file): - def write_sequence(out, sequence): - num_features = len(dicts) - is_beginning = True - for features in sequence: - assert len(features) == num_features, \ - "Wrong number of features: " + line - sample = DataFormat.DataSample() - for i in xrange(num_original_columns): - id = dicts[i].get(features[i], -1) - if id != -1: - sample.id_slots.append(id) - elif oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_IGNORE: - sample.id_slots.append(0xffffffff) - elif oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_ERROR: - logger.fatal("Unknown token: %s" % features[i]) - else: - sample.id_slots.append(0) - - if patterns: - dim = 0 - vec = sample.vector_slots.add() - for i in xrange(num_original_columns, num_features): - id = dicts[i].get(features[i], -1) - if id != -1: - vec.ids.append(dim + id) - elif oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_IGNORE: - pass - elif oov_policy[i] == OOV_POLICY_ERROR: - logger.fatal("Unknown token: %s" % features[i]) - else: - vec.ids.append(dim + 0) - - dim += len(dicts[i]) - - sample.is_beginning = is_beginning - is_beginning = False - write_proto(out, sample) - - num_features = len(dicts) - f = open(input_file, 'rb') - out = open(output_file, 'wb') - - header = DataFormat.DataHeader() - if patterns: - slot_def = header.slot_defs.add() - slot_def.type = DataFormat.SlotDef.VECTOR_SPARSE_NON_VALUE - slot_def.dim = sum( - [len(dicts[i]) for i in xrange(num_original_columns, len(dicts))]) - logger.info("feature_dim=%s" % slot_def.dim) - - for i in xrange(num_original_columns): - slot_def = header.slot_defs.add() - slot_def.type = DataFormat.SlotDef.INDEX - slot_def.dim = len(dicts[i]) - - write_proto(out, header) - - num_sequences = 0 - sequence = [] - for line in f: - line = line.strip() - if not line: - make_features(sequence) - write_sequence(out, sequence) - sequence = [] - num_sequences += 1 - continue - features = line.split(' ') - sequence.append(features) - - f.close() - out.close() - - logger.info("num_sequences=%s" % num_sequences) - - -dict2 = { - 'B-ADJP': 0, - 'I-ADJP': 1, - 'B-ADVP': 2, - 'I-ADVP': 3, - 'B-CONJP': 4, - 'I-CONJP': 5, - 'B-INTJ': 6, - 'I-INTJ': 7, - 'B-LST': 8, - 'I-LST': 9, - 'B-NP': 10, - 'I-NP': 11, - 'B-PP': 12, - 'I-PP': 13, - 'B-PRT': 14, - 'I-PRT': 15, - 'B-SBAR': 16, - 'I-SBAR': 17, - 'B-UCP': 18, - 'I-UCP': 19, - 'B-VP': 20, - 'I-VP': 21, - 'O': 22 -} - -if __name__ == '__main__': - cutoff = [3, 1, 0] - cutoff += [3] * len(patterns) - oov_policy = [OOV_POLICY_IGNORE, OOV_POLICY_ERROR, OOV_POLICY_ERROR] - oov_policy += [OOV_POLICY_IGNORE] * len(patterns) - dicts = create_dictionaries('trainer/tests/train.txt', cutoff, oov_policy) - dicts[2] = dict2 - gen_proto_file('trainer/tests/train.txt', dicts, oov_policy, - 'trainer/tests/train_proto.bin') - gen_proto_file('trainer/tests/test.txt', dicts, oov_policy, - 'trainer/tests/test_proto.bin') diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/test.txt b/paddle/trainer/tests/test.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3ad503b34f..0000000000 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/test.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1000 +0,0 @@ -Confidence NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -widely RB I-VP -expected VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -take VB I-VP -another DT B-NP -sharp JJ I-NP -dive NN I-NP -if IN B-SBAR -trade NN B-NP -figures NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -September NNP B-NP -, , O -due JJ B-ADJP -for IN B-PP -release NN B-NP -tomorrow NN B-NP -, , O -fail VB B-VP -to TO I-VP -show VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -substantial JJ I-NP -improvement NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -July NNP B-NP -and CC I-NP -August NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -near-record JJ I-NP -deficits NNS I-NP -. . O - -Chancellor NNP O -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Exchequer NNP I-NP -Nigel NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -restated VBN I-NP -commitment NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -a DT B-NP -firm NN I-NP -monetary JJ I-NP -policy NN I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -helped VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -prevent VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -freefall NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -over IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -past JJ I-NP -week NN I-NP -. . O - -But CC O -analysts NNS B-NP -reckon VBP B-VP -underlying VBG B-NP -support NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -has VBZ B-VP -been VBN I-VP -eroded VBN I-VP -by IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -chancellor NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -failure NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -announce VB I-VP -any DT B-NP -new JJ I-NP -policy NN I-NP -measures NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -his PRP$ B-NP -Mansion NNP I-NP -House NNP I-NP -speech NN I-NP -last JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -. . O - -This DT B-NP -has VBZ B-VP -increased VBN I-VP -the DT B-NP -risk NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -being VBG B-VP -forced VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -increase VB I-VP -base NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -to TO B-PP -16 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -current JJ I-NP -15 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -level NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -defend VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -, , O -economists NNS B-NP -and CC O -foreign JJ B-NP -exchange NN I-NP -market NN I-NP -analysts NNS I-NP -say VBP B-VP -. . O - -`` `` O -The DT B-NP -risks NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -bad JJ I-NP -trade NN I-NP -figure NN I-NP -are VBP B-VP -very RB B-ADVP -heavily RB I-ADVP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -down JJ I-NP -side NN I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Chris NNP B-NP -Dillow NNP I-NP -, , O -senior JJ B-NP -U.K. NNP I-NP -economist NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Nomura NNP B-NP -Research NNP I-NP -Institute NNP I-NP -. . O - -`` `` O -If IN B-SBAR -there EX B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -another DT B-NP -bad JJ I-NP -trade NN I-NP -number NN I-NP -, , O -there EX B-NP -could MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -an DT B-NP -awful JJ I-NP -lot NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -pressure NN B-NP -, , O -'' '' O -noted VBD B-VP -Simon NNP B-NP -Briscoe NNP I-NP -, , O -U.K. NNP B-NP -economist NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -Midland NNP B-NP -Montagu NNP I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -unit NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -Midland NNP B-NP -Bank NNP I-NP -PLC NNP I-NP -. . O - -Forecasts NNS B-NP -for IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -range VBP B-VP -widely RB B-ADVP -, , O -but CC O -few JJ B-NP -economists NNS I-NP -expect VBP B-VP -the DT B-NP -data NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -show VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -very RB I-NP -marked VBN I-NP -improvement NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT O -# # O -2 CD O -billion CD O --LRB- ( O -$ $ B-ADJP -3.2 CD O -billion CD O --RRB- ) O -deficit NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -current JJ I-NP -account NN I-NP -reported VBD B-VP -for IN B-PP -August NNP B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -August NNP I-NP -deficit NN I-NP -and CC O -the DT B-NP -# # I-NP -2.2 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -gap NN I-NP -registered VBN B-VP -in IN B-PP -July NNP B-NP -are VBP B-VP -topped VBN I-VP -only RB B-ADVP -by IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -# # I-NP -2.3 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -deficit NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -October NNP B-NP -1988 CD I-NP -. . O - -Sanjay NNP B-NP -Joshi NNP I-NP -, , O -European JJ B-NP -economist NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Baring NNP B-NP -Brothers NNPS I-NP -& CC I-NP -Co. NNP I-NP -, , O -said VBD B-VP -there EX B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -no DT B-NP -sign NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -Britain NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -manufacturing NN I-NP -industry NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -transforming VBG I-VP -itself PRP B-NP -to TO B-VP -boost VB I-VP -exports NNS B-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -same JJ I-NP -time NN I-NP -, , O -he PRP B-NP -remains VBZ B-VP -fairly RB B-ADJP -pessimistic JJ I-ADJP -about IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -outlook NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -imports NNS B-NP -, , O -given VBN B-PP -continued VBD B-NP -high JJ I-NP -consumer NN I-NP -and CC I-NP -capital NN I-NP -goods NNS I-NP -inflows NNS I-NP -. . O - -He PRP B-NP -reckons VBZ B-VP -the DT B-NP -current JJ I-NP -account NN I-NP -deficit NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -narrow VB I-VP -to TO B-PP -only RB B-NP -# # I-NP -1.8 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -in IN B-PP -September NNP B-NP -. . O - -However RB B-ADVP -, , O -Mr. NNP B-NP -Dillow NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -he PRP B-NP -believes VBZ B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -a DT B-NP -reduction NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -raw JJ B-NP -material NN I-NP -stockbuilding VBG I-NP -by IN B-PP -industry NN B-NP -could MD B-VP -lead VB I-VP -to TO B-PP -a DT B-NP -sharp JJ I-NP -drop NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -imports NNS B-NP -. . O - -Combined VBN B-PP -with IN B-PP -at IN B-ADVP -least JJS I-ADVP -some DT B-NP -rebound NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -exports NNS B-NP -after IN B-PP -August NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -unexpected JJ I-NP -decline NN I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -deficit NN I-NP -could MD B-VP -narrow VB I-VP -to TO B-PP -as RB B-NP -little JJ I-NP -as IN I-NP -# # I-NP -1.3 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -. . O - -Mr. NNP B-NP -Briscoe NNP I-NP -, , O -who WP B-NP -also RB B-ADVP -forecasts VBZ B-VP -a DT B-NP -# # I-NP -1.3 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -current JJ I-NP -account NN I-NP -gap NN I-NP -, , O -warns VBZ B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -even RB B-SBAR -if IN I-SBAR -the DT B-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -bullish JJ B-ADJP -for IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -currency NN I-NP -wo MD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -advance VB I-VP -much JJ B-NP -because IN B-SBAR -investors NNS B-NP -will MD B-VP -want VB I-VP -to TO I-VP -see VB I-VP -further JJ B-NP -evidence NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -turnaround NN I-NP -before IN B-PP -adjusting VBG B-VP -positions NNS B-NP -. . O - -Nevertheless RB B-ADVP -, , O -he PRP B-NP -noted VBD B-VP -, , O -`` `` O -No DT B-NP -one PRP I-NP -will MD B-VP -want VB I-VP -to TO I-VP -go VB I-VP -into IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -without IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -flat JJ I-NP -position NN I-NP -'' '' O -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -. . O - -Meanwhile RB B-ADVP -, , O -overall JJ B-NP -evidence NN I-NP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -economy NN I-NP -remains VBZ B-VP -fairly RB B-ADJP -clouded VBN I-ADJP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -his PRP$ B-NP -Mansion NNP I-NP -House NNP I-NP -speech NN I-NP -, , O -Mr. NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -warned VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -a DT B-NP -further JJ I-NP -slowdown NN I-NP -can MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -expected VBN I-VP -as IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -impact NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -last JJ I-NP -rise NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -interest NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -earlier RBR B-NP -this DT I-NP -month NN I-NP -takes VBZ B-VP -effect NN B-NP -. . O - -U.K. JJ B-NP -base NN I-NP -rates NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -at IN B-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -highest JJS I-NP -level NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -eight CD B-NP -years NNS I-NP -. . O - -But CC O -consumer NN B-NP -expenditure NN I-NP -data NNS I-NP -released VBD B-VP -Friday NNP B-NP -do VBP B-VP -n't RB I-VP -suggest VB I-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -U.K. NNP I-NP -economy NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -slowing VBG I-VP -that DT B-ADVP -quickly RB I-ADVP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -figures NNS I-NP -show VBP B-VP -that DT O -spending NN B-NP -rose VBD B-VP -0.1 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -third JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -second JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -and CC O -was VBD B-VP -up IN B-ADVP -3.8 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -year NN I-NP -ago RB B-ADVP -. . O - -This DT B-NP -compares VBZ B-VP -with IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -1.6 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -rise NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -second NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -first JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -and CC O -a DT B-NP -5.4 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -increase NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -second JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -1988 CD B-NP -. . O - -Mr. NNP B-NP -Dillow NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -data NNS I-NP -show VBP B-VP -the DT B-NP -economy NN I-NP -`` `` O -is VBZ B-VP -still RB B-ADVP -quite RB B-ADJP -strong JJ I-ADJP -, , O -'' '' O -but CC O -suggestions NNS B-NP -that IN B-SBAR -much NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -spending NN I-NP -went VBD B-VP -on IN B-PP -services NNS B-NP -rather RB B-PP -than IN I-PP -consumer NN B-NP -goods NNS I-NP -should MD B-VP -reduce VB I-VP -fears NNS B-NP -of IN B-PP -more JJR B-NP -import NN I-NP -rises NNS I-NP -. . O - -Certainly RB B-ADVP -, , O -the DT B-NP -chancellor NN I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -made VBN I-VP -it PRP B-NP -clear JJ B-ADJP -that IN B-SBAR -he PRP B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -prepared VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -increase VB I-VP -interest NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -again RB B-ADVP -if IN B-SBAR -necessary JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -both DT I-VP -ensure VB I-VP -that IN B-SBAR -a DT B-NP -substantial JJ I-NP -slowdown NN I-NP -does VBZ B-VP -take VB I-VP -place NN B-NP -and CC O -that DT O -sterling NN B-NP -does VBZ B-VP -n't RB I-VP -decline VB I-VP -further JJ B-ADVP -. . O - -Thursday NNP B-NP -, , O -he PRP B-NP -reminded VBD B-VP -his PRP$ B-NP -audience NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -`` `` O -can MD B-VP -not RB I-VP -allow VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -necessary JJ I-NP -rigor NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -monetary JJ B-NP -policy NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -be VB I-VP -undermined VBN I-VP -by IN B-PP -exchange NN B-NP -rate NN I-NP -weakness NN I-NP -. . O -'' '' O - -Analysts NNS B-NP -agree VBP B-VP -there EX B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -little JJ B-NP -holding NN B-VP -sterling NN B-NP -firm NN B-ADJP -at IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -moment NN I-NP -other JJ B-ADJP -than IN B-PP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -promise NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -rates NNS B-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -pushed VBN I-VP -higher JJR B-ADJP -if IN B-SBAR -necessary JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -And CC O -, , O -they PRP B-NP -warn VBP B-VP -, , O -any DT B-NP -further JJ I-NP -drop NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -popularity NN I-NP -could MD B-VP -swiftly RB I-VP -make VB I-VP -this DT B-NP -promise NN I-NP -sound NN B-VP -hollow JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -Sterling NNP B-NP -was VBD B-VP -already RB I-VP -showing VBG I-VP -some DT B-NP -signs NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -lack NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -confidence NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -promise NN I-NP -Friday NNP B-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -European JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -it PRP B-NP -declined VBD B-VP -to TO B-PP -$ $ B-NP -1.5890 CD I-NP -and CC O -2.9495 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -from IN B-PP -$ $ B-NP -1.5940 CD I-NP -and CC O -2.9429 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -late JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -. . O - -Economists NNS B-NP -suggested VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -if IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -falls VBZ B-VP -much JJ B-NP -below IN B-PP -2.90 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -forced VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -increase VB I-VP -rates NNS B-NP -to TO B-PP -16 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -, , O -both DT B-VP -to TO I-VP -halt VB B-VP -any DT B-NP -further JJ I-NP -decline NN I-NP -and CC O -ensure VB B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -balance NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -monetary JJ B-NP -policy NN I-NP -remains VBZ B-VP -unchanged JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -Friday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -Market NNP I-NP -Activity NN I-NP - -The DT B-NP -dollar NN I-NP -posted VBD B-VP -gains NNS B-NP -in IN B-PP -quiet JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -as IN B-SBAR -concerns NNS B-NP -about IN B-PP -equities NNS B-NP -abated VBN B-VP -. . O - -Foreign JJ B-NP -exchange NN I-NP -dealers NNS I-NP -said VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -currency NN I-NP -market NN I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -begun VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -distance VB I-VP -itself PRP B-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -volatile JJ I-NP -stock NN I-NP -exchange NN I-NP -, , O -which WDT B-NP -has VBZ B-VP -preoccupied VBN I-VP -the DT B-NP -market NN I-NP -since IN B-PP -Oct. NNP B-NP -13 CD I-NP -, , O -when WRB B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -Dow NNP I-NP -Jones NNP I-NP -Industrial NNP I-NP -Average NNP I-NP -plunged VBD B-VP -more JJR B-NP -than IN I-NP -190 CD I-NP -points NNS I-NP -. . O - -Currency NN B-NP -analysts NNS I-NP -predict VBP B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -coming VBG I-NP -week NN I-NP -the DT B-NP -foreign JJ I-NP -exchange NN I-NP -market NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -shift VB I-VP -its PRP$ B-NP -focus NN I-NP -back RB B-ADVP -to TO B-PP -economic JJ B-NP -fundamentals NNS I-NP -, , O -keeping VBG B-VP -a DT B-NP -close NN I-NP -eye NN I-NP -out IN B-ADVP -for IN B-PP -any DT B-NP -signs NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -monetary JJ B-NP -easing NN I-NP -by IN B-PP -U.S. NNP B-NP -Federal NNP I-NP -Reserve NNP I-NP -. . O - -Late RB B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -New NNP I-NP -York NNP I-NP -trading NN I-NP -day NN I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -dollar NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -quoted VBN I-VP -at IN B-PP -1.8578 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -1.8470 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -late JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -in IN B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -currency NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -also RB I-VP -changing VBG I-VP -hands NNS B-NP -at IN B-PP -142.43 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -141.70 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -late JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -Tokyo NNP B-NP -on IN B-PP -Monday NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -currency NN I-NP -opened VBD B-VP -for IN B-PP -trading NN B-NP -at IN B-PP -141.95 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -Friday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -Tokyo NNP I-NP diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/test_Trainer.cpp b/paddle/trainer/tests/test_Trainer.cpp index 425b3d10a3..394038cf73 100644 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/test_Trainer.cpp +++ b/paddle/trainer/tests/test_Trainer.cpp @@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ using namespace std; // NOLINT static const string& configFile1 = "trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config.conf"; static const string& configFile2 = "trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config_hsigmoid.conf"; -static const string& configFile3 = "trainer/tests/chunking.conf"; static const string& configFile4 = "trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config_parallel.conf"; @@ -95,13 +94,6 @@ TEST(checkGradient, multi) { TEST(checkGradient, hsigmoid) { checkGradientTest(configFile2, false, false); } -TEST(checkGradient, chunk) { - checkGradientTest(configFile3, false, false); -#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA - checkGradientTest(configFile3, true, true); -#endif -} - TEST(checkGradient, non_parallel) { checkGradientTest(configFile4, false, false); } diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/test_files.txt b/paddle/trainer/tests/test_files.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 49002677a8..0000000000 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/test_files.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -trainer/tests/test_proto.bin diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/train.txt b/paddle/trainer/tests/train.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2313aee987..0000000000 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/train.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5000 +0,0 @@ -Confidence NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -widely RB I-VP -expected VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -take VB I-VP -another DT B-NP -sharp JJ I-NP -dive NN I-NP -if IN B-SBAR -trade NN B-NP -figures NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -September NNP B-NP -, , O -due JJ B-ADJP -for IN B-PP -release NN B-NP -tomorrow NN B-NP -, , O -fail VB B-VP -to TO I-VP -show VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -substantial JJ I-NP -improvement NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -July NNP B-NP -and CC I-NP -August NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -near-record JJ I-NP -deficits NNS I-NP -. . O - -Chancellor NNP O -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Exchequer NNP I-NP -Nigel NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -restated VBN I-NP -commitment NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -a DT B-NP -firm NN I-NP -monetary JJ I-NP -policy NN I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -helped VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -prevent VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -freefall NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -over IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -past JJ I-NP -week NN I-NP -. . O - -But CC O -analysts NNS B-NP -reckon VBP B-VP -underlying VBG B-NP -support NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -has VBZ B-VP -been VBN I-VP -eroded VBN I-VP -by IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -chancellor NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -failure NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -announce VB I-VP -any DT B-NP -new JJ I-NP -policy NN I-NP -measures NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -his PRP$ B-NP -Mansion NNP I-NP -House NNP I-NP -speech NN I-NP -last JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -. . O - -This DT B-NP -has VBZ B-VP -increased VBN I-VP -the DT B-NP -risk NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -being VBG B-VP -forced VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -increase VB I-VP -base NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -to TO B-PP -16 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -current JJ I-NP -15 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -level NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -defend VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -, , O -economists NNS B-NP -and CC O -foreign JJ B-NP -exchange NN I-NP -market NN I-NP -analysts NNS I-NP -say VBP B-VP -. . O - -`` `` O -The DT B-NP -risks NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -bad JJ I-NP -trade NN I-NP -figure NN I-NP -are VBP B-VP -very RB B-ADVP -heavily RB I-ADVP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -down JJ I-NP -side NN I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Chris NNP B-NP -Dillow NNP I-NP -, , O -senior JJ B-NP -U.K. NNP I-NP -economist NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Nomura NNP B-NP -Research NNP I-NP -Institute NNP I-NP -. . O - -`` `` O -If IN B-SBAR -there EX B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -another DT B-NP -bad JJ I-NP -trade NN I-NP -number NN I-NP -, , O -there EX B-NP -could MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -an DT B-NP -awful JJ I-NP -lot NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -pressure NN B-NP -, , O -'' '' O -noted VBD B-VP -Simon NNP B-NP -Briscoe NNP I-NP -, , O -U.K. NNP B-NP -economist NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -Midland NNP B-NP -Montagu NNP I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -unit NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -Midland NNP B-NP -Bank NNP I-NP -PLC NNP I-NP -. . O - -Forecasts NNS B-NP -for IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -range VBP B-VP -widely RB B-ADVP -, , O -but CC O -few JJ B-NP -economists NNS I-NP -expect VBP B-VP -the DT B-NP -data NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -show VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -very RB I-NP -marked VBN I-NP -improvement NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT O -# # O -2 CD O -billion CD O --LRB- ( O -$ $ B-ADJP -3.2 CD O -billion CD O --RRB- ) O -deficit NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -current JJ I-NP -account NN I-NP -reported VBD B-VP -for IN B-PP -August NNP B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -August NNP I-NP -deficit NN I-NP -and CC O -the DT B-NP -# # I-NP -2.2 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -gap NN I-NP -registered VBN B-VP -in IN B-PP -July NNP B-NP -are VBP B-VP -topped VBN I-VP -only RB B-ADVP -by IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -# # I-NP -2.3 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -deficit NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -October NNP B-NP -1988 CD I-NP -. . O - -Sanjay NNP B-NP -Joshi NNP I-NP -, , O -European JJ B-NP -economist NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Baring NNP B-NP -Brothers NNPS I-NP -& CC I-NP -Co. NNP I-NP -, , O -said VBD B-VP -there EX B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -no DT B-NP -sign NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -Britain NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -manufacturing NN I-NP -industry NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -transforming VBG I-VP -itself PRP B-NP -to TO B-VP -boost VB I-VP -exports NNS B-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -same JJ I-NP -time NN I-NP -, , O -he PRP B-NP -remains VBZ B-VP -fairly RB B-ADJP -pessimistic JJ I-ADJP -about IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -outlook NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -imports NNS B-NP -, , O -given VBN B-PP -continued VBD B-NP -high JJ I-NP -consumer NN I-NP -and CC I-NP -capital NN I-NP -goods NNS I-NP -inflows NNS I-NP -. . O - -He PRP B-NP -reckons VBZ B-VP -the DT B-NP -current JJ I-NP -account NN I-NP -deficit NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -narrow VB I-VP -to TO B-PP -only RB B-NP -# # I-NP -1.8 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -in IN B-PP -September NNP B-NP -. . O - -However RB B-ADVP -, , O -Mr. NNP B-NP -Dillow NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -he PRP B-NP -believes VBZ B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -a DT B-NP -reduction NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -raw JJ B-NP -material NN I-NP -stockbuilding VBG I-NP -by IN B-PP -industry NN B-NP -could MD B-VP -lead VB I-VP -to TO B-PP -a DT B-NP -sharp JJ I-NP -drop NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -imports NNS B-NP -. . O - -Combined VBN B-PP -with IN B-PP -at IN B-ADVP -least JJS I-ADVP -some DT B-NP -rebound NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -exports NNS B-NP -after IN B-PP -August NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -unexpected JJ I-NP -decline NN I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -deficit NN I-NP -could MD B-VP -narrow VB I-VP -to TO B-PP -as RB B-NP -little JJ I-NP -as IN I-NP -# # I-NP -1.3 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -. . O - -Mr. NNP B-NP -Briscoe NNP I-NP -, , O -who WP B-NP -also RB B-ADVP -forecasts VBZ B-VP -a DT B-NP -# # I-NP -1.3 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -current JJ I-NP -account NN I-NP -gap NN I-NP -, , O -warns VBZ B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -even RB B-SBAR -if IN I-SBAR -the DT B-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -bullish JJ B-ADJP -for IN B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -currency NN I-NP -wo MD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -advance VB I-VP -much JJ B-NP -because IN B-SBAR -investors NNS B-NP -will MD B-VP -want VB I-VP -to TO I-VP -see VB I-VP -further JJ B-NP -evidence NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -turnaround NN I-NP -before IN B-PP -adjusting VBG B-VP -positions NNS B-NP -. . O - -Nevertheless RB B-ADVP -, , O -he PRP B-NP -noted VBD B-VP -, , O -`` `` O -No DT B-NP -one PRP I-NP -will MD B-VP -want VB I-VP -to TO I-VP -go VB I-VP -into IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -without IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -flat JJ I-NP -position NN I-NP -'' '' O -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -. . O - -Meanwhile RB B-ADVP -, , O -overall JJ B-NP -evidence NN I-NP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -economy NN I-NP -remains VBZ B-VP -fairly RB B-ADJP -clouded VBN I-ADJP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -his PRP$ B-NP -Mansion NNP I-NP -House NNP I-NP -speech NN I-NP -, , O -Mr. NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -warned VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -a DT B-NP -further JJ I-NP -slowdown NN I-NP -can MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -expected VBN I-VP -as IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -impact NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -last JJ I-NP -rise NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -interest NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -earlier RBR B-NP -this DT I-NP -month NN I-NP -takes VBZ B-VP -effect NN B-NP -. . O - -U.K. JJ B-NP -base NN I-NP -rates NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -at IN B-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -highest JJS I-NP -level NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -eight CD B-NP -years NNS I-NP -. . O - -But CC O -consumer NN B-NP -expenditure NN I-NP -data NNS I-NP -released VBD B-VP -Friday NNP B-NP -do VBP B-VP -n't RB I-VP -suggest VB I-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -U.K. NNP I-NP -economy NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -slowing VBG I-VP -that DT B-ADVP -quickly RB I-ADVP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -figures NNS I-NP -show VBP B-VP -that DT O -spending NN B-NP -rose VBD B-VP -0.1 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -third JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -second JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -and CC O -was VBD B-VP -up IN B-ADVP -3.8 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -year NN I-NP -ago RB B-ADVP -. . O - -This DT B-NP -compares VBZ B-VP -with IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -1.6 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -rise NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -second NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -first JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -and CC O -a DT B-NP -5.4 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -increase NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -second JJ I-NP -quarter NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -1988 CD B-NP -. . O - -Mr. NNP B-NP -Dillow NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -data NNS I-NP -show VBP B-VP -the DT B-NP -economy NN I-NP -`` `` O -is VBZ B-VP -still RB B-ADVP -quite RB B-ADJP -strong JJ I-ADJP -, , O -'' '' O -but CC O -suggestions NNS B-NP -that IN B-SBAR -much NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -spending NN I-NP -went VBD B-VP -on IN B-PP -services NNS B-NP -rather RB B-PP -than IN I-PP -consumer NN B-NP -goods NNS I-NP -should MD B-VP -reduce VB I-VP -fears NNS B-NP -of IN B-PP -more JJR B-NP -import NN I-NP -rises NNS I-NP -. . O - -Certainly RB B-ADVP -, , O -the DT B-NP -chancellor NN I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -made VBN I-VP -it PRP B-NP -clear JJ B-ADJP -that IN B-SBAR -he PRP B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -prepared VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -increase VB I-VP -interest NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -again RB B-ADVP -if IN B-SBAR -necessary JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -both DT I-VP -ensure VB I-VP -that IN B-SBAR -a DT B-NP -substantial JJ I-NP -slowdown NN I-NP -does VBZ B-VP -take VB I-VP -place NN B-NP -and CC O -that DT O -sterling NN B-NP -does VBZ B-VP -n't RB I-VP -decline VB I-VP -further JJ B-ADVP -. . O - -Thursday NNP B-NP -, , O -he PRP B-NP -reminded VBD B-VP -his PRP$ B-NP -audience NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -`` `` O -can MD B-VP -not RB I-VP -allow VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -necessary JJ I-NP -rigor NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -monetary JJ B-NP -policy NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -be VB I-VP -undermined VBN I-VP -by IN B-PP -exchange NN B-NP -rate NN I-NP -weakness NN I-NP -. . O -'' '' O - -Analysts NNS B-NP -agree VBP B-VP -there EX B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -little JJ B-NP -holding NN B-VP -sterling NN B-NP -firm NN B-ADJP -at IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -moment NN I-NP -other JJ B-ADJP -than IN B-PP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -promise NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -rates NNS B-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -pushed VBN I-VP -higher JJR B-ADJP -if IN B-SBAR -necessary JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -And CC O -, , O -they PRP B-NP -warn VBP B-VP -, , O -any DT B-NP -further JJ I-NP -drop NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -popularity NN I-NP -could MD B-VP -swiftly RB I-VP -make VB I-VP -this DT B-NP -promise NN I-NP -sound NN B-VP -hollow JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -Sterling NNP B-NP -was VBD B-VP -already RB I-VP -showing VBG I-VP -some DT B-NP -signs NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -lack NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -confidence NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Lawson NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -promise NN I-NP -Friday NNP B-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -European JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -it PRP B-NP -declined VBD B-VP -to TO B-PP -$ $ B-NP -1.5890 CD I-NP -and CC O -2.9495 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -from IN B-PP -$ $ B-NP -1.5940 CD I-NP -and CC O -2.9429 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -late JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -. . O - -Economists NNS B-NP -suggested VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -if IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -pound NN I-NP -falls VBZ B-VP -much JJ B-NP -below IN B-PP -2.90 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -government NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -forced VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -increase VB I-VP -rates NNS B-NP -to TO B-PP -16 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -, , O -both DT B-VP -to TO I-VP -halt VB B-VP -any DT B-NP -further JJ I-NP -decline NN I-NP -and CC O -ensure VB B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -balance NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -monetary JJ B-NP -policy NN I-NP -remains VBZ B-VP -unchanged JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -Friday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -Market NNP I-NP -Activity NN I-NP - -The DT B-NP -dollar NN I-NP -posted VBD B-VP -gains NNS B-NP -in IN B-PP -quiet JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -as IN B-SBAR -concerns NNS B-NP -about IN B-PP -equities NNS B-NP -abated VBN B-VP -. . O - -Foreign JJ B-NP -exchange NN I-NP -dealers NNS I-NP -said VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -currency NN I-NP -market NN I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -begun VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -distance VB I-VP -itself PRP B-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -volatile JJ I-NP -stock NN I-NP -exchange NN I-NP -, , O -which WDT B-NP -has VBZ B-VP -preoccupied VBN I-VP -the DT B-NP -market NN I-NP -since IN B-PP -Oct. NNP B-NP -13 CD I-NP -, , O -when WRB B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -Dow NNP I-NP -Jones NNP I-NP -Industrial NNP I-NP -Average NNP I-NP -plunged VBD B-VP -more JJR B-NP -than IN I-NP -190 CD I-NP -points NNS I-NP -. . O - -Currency NN B-NP -analysts NNS I-NP -predict VBP B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -coming VBG I-NP -week NN I-NP -the DT B-NP -foreign JJ I-NP -exchange NN I-NP -market NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -shift VB I-VP -its PRP$ B-NP -focus NN I-NP -back RB B-ADVP -to TO B-PP -economic JJ B-NP -fundamentals NNS I-NP -, , O -keeping VBG B-VP -a DT B-NP -close NN I-NP -eye NN I-NP -out IN B-ADVP -for IN B-PP -any DT B-NP -signs NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -monetary JJ B-NP -easing NN I-NP -by IN B-PP -U.S. NNP B-NP -Federal NNP I-NP -Reserve NNP I-NP -. . O - -Late RB B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -New NNP I-NP -York NNP I-NP -trading NN I-NP -day NN I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -dollar NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -quoted VBN I-VP -at IN B-PP -1.8578 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -1.8470 CD B-NP -marks NNS I-NP -late JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -in IN B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -currency NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -also RB I-VP -changing VBG I-VP -hands NNS B-NP -at IN B-PP -142.43 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -141.70 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -late JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -Tokyo NNP B-NP -on IN B-PP -Monday NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -currency NN I-NP -opened VBD B-VP -for IN B-PP -trading NN B-NP -at IN B-PP -141.95 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -Friday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -Tokyo NNP I-NP -close NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -141.35 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -. . O - -On IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Commodity NNP I-NP -Exchange NNP I-NP -in IN B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -, , O -gold NN B-NP -for IN B-PP -current JJ B-NP -delivery NN I-NP -settled VBD B-VP -at IN B-PP -$ $ B-NP -367.30 CD I-NP -an DT B-NP -ounce NN I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -20 CD B-NP -cents NNS I-NP -. . O - -Estimated VBN B-NP -volume NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -a DT B-NP -light NN I-NP -2.4 CD I-NP -million CD I-NP -ounces NNS I-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -early JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -Hong NNP B-NP -Kong NNP I-NP -Monday NNP B-NP -, , O -gold NN B-NP -was VBD B-VP -quoted VBN I-VP -at IN B-PP -$ $ B-NP -366.50 CD I-NP -an DT B-NP -ounce NN I-NP -. . O - -East NNP B-NP -Rock NNP I-NP -Partners NNP I-NP -Limited NNP I-NP -Partnership NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -it PRP B-NP -proposed VBD B-VP -to TO I-VP -acquire VB I-VP -A.P. NNP B-NP -Green NNP I-NP -Industries NNP I-NP -Inc. NNP I-NP -for IN B-PP -$ $ B-NP -40 CD I-NP -a DT B-NP -share NN I-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -an DT B-NP -Oct. NNP I-NP -19 CD I-NP -letter NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -A.P. NNP B-NP -Green NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -board NN I-NP -, , O -East NNP B-NP -Rock NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -offer NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -subject NN B-ADJP -to TO B-PP -the DT B-NP -signing NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -merger NN I-NP -agreement NN I-NP -by IN B-PP -no DT B-ADVP -later RB I-ADVP -than IN B-PP -Oct. NNP B-NP -31 CD I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -letter NN I-NP -, , O -attached VBN B-VP -to TO B-PP -a DT B-NP -filing NN I-NP -with IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Securities NNP I-NP -and CC I-NP -Exchange NNP I-NP -Commission NNP I-NP -, , O -said VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -approval NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -also RB B-ADVP -contingent JJ B-ADJP -upon IN B-PP -obtaining VBG B-VP -satisfactory JJ B-NP -financing NN I-NP -. . O - -An DT B-NP -A.P. NNP I-NP -Green NNP I-NP -official NN I-NP -declined VBD B-VP -to TO I-VP -comment VB I-VP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -filing NN I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -$ $ I-NP -40-a-share JJ I-NP -proposal NN I-NP -values VBZ B-VP -the DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -about RB B-NP -$ $ I-NP -106.6 CD I-NP -million CD I-NP -. . O - -A.P. NNP B-NP -Green NNP I-NP -currently RB B-ADVP -has VBZ B-VP -2,664,098 CD B-NP -shares NNS I-NP -outstanding JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -Its PRP$ B-NP -stock NN I-NP -closed VBD B-VP -at IN B-PP -$ $ B-NP -38 CD I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -$ $ B-NP -1.875 CD I-NP -, , O -in IN B-PP -national JJ B-NP -over-the-counter JJ I-NP -trading NN I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -a DT B-NP -Mexico NNP I-NP -, , I-NP -Mo. NNP I-NP -, , I-NP -maker NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -refractory JJ B-NP -products NNS I-NP -. . O - -East NNP B-NP -Rock NNP I-NP -also RB B-ADVP -said VBD B-VP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -filing NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -it PRP B-NP -boosted VBD B-VP -its PRP$ B-NP -stake NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -A.P. NNP B-NP -Green NNP I-NP -to TO B-PP -8.7 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -. . O - -It PRP B-NP -now RB B-ADVP -holds VBZ B-VP -233,000 CD B-NP -A.P. NNP I-NP -Green NNP I-NP -common JJ I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -, , O -including VBG B-PP -30,000 CD B-NP -shares NNS I-NP -bought VBD B-VP -last JJ B-NP -Thursday NNP I-NP -for IN B-PP -$ $ B-NP -35.50 CD I-NP -to TO I-NP -$ $ I-NP -36.50 CD I-NP -a DT B-NP -share NN I-NP -. . O - -New NNP B-NP -York-based JJ I-NP -John NNP I-NP -Kuhns NNP I-NP -and CC I-NP -Robert NNP I-NP -MacDonald NNP I-NP -control NN B-VP -East NNP B-NP -Rock NNP I-NP -Partners NNP I-NP -Inc. NNP I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -sole JJ I-NP -general JJ I-NP -partner NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -East NNP B-NP -Rock NNP I-NP -Partners NNP I-NP -L.P NNP I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -sole JJ I-NP -limited JJ I-NP -partner NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -partnership NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -Westwood NNP B-NP -Brick NNP I-NP -Lime NNP I-NP -Inc. NNP I-NP -, , O -an DT B-NP -indirect JJ I-NP -subsidiary NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -Westwood NNP B-NP -Group NNP I-NP -Inc NNP I-NP -. . O - -Both DT B-NP -Westwood NNP B-NP -Brick NNP I-NP -and CC O -Westwood NNP B-NP -Group NNP I-NP -are VBP B-VP -based VBN I-VP -in IN B-PP -Boston NNP B-NP -. . O - -Freight NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -, , O -declining VBG B-VP -for IN B-PP -most RBS B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -decade NN I-NP -because IN B-PP -of IN I-PP -competition NN B-NP -spurred VBN B-VP -by IN B-PP -deregulation NN B-NP -, , O -are VBP B-VP -bottoming VBG I-VP -out IN B-PRT -, , O -turning VBG B-VP -upward RB B-ADVP -and CC O -threatening VBG B-VP -to TO I-VP -fuel VB I-VP -inflation NN B-NP -. . O - -Trucking NNP B-NP -, , I-NP -shipping VBG I-NP -and CC I-NP -air-freight NN I-NP -companies NNS I-NP -have VBP B-VP -announced VBN I-VP -rate NN B-NP -increases NNS I-NP -, , O -scheduled VBN B-VP -for IN B-PP -this DT B-NP -fall NN I-NP -or CC O -early JJ B-NP -next JJ I-NP -year NN I-NP -, , O -reflecting VBG B-VP -higher JJR B-NP -costs NNS I-NP -and CC O -tightened VBD B-NP -demand NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -freight NN B-NP -transport NN I-NP -. . O - -Major JJ B-NP -shippers NNS I-NP -say VBP B-VP -they PRP B-NP -expect VBP B-VP -freight NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -rise VB I-VP -at IN B-ADVP -least JJS I-ADVP -as RB B-ADVP -fast RB I-ADVP -as IN B-PP -inflation NN B-NP -and CC B-ADVP -maybe RB I-ADVP -faster RBR B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -next JJ I-NP -few JJ I-NP -years NNS I-NP -. . O - -That DT B-NP -'s VBZ B-VP -a DT B-NP -big JJ I-NP -change NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -recent JJ B-NP -years NNS I-NP -when WRB B-ADVP -freight NN B-NP -haulage NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -a DT B-NP -bright JJ I-NP -spot NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -U.S. NNP B-NP -productivity NN I-NP -, , O -helping VBG B-VP -to TO I-VP -restrain VB I-VP -inflation NN B-NP -and CC O -make VB B-VP -U.S. NNP B-NP -industry NN I-NP -more RBR B-ADJP -competitive JJ I-ADJP -abroad RB B-ADVP -. . O - -`` `` O -Demand NN B-NP -has VBZ B-VP -caught VBN I-VP -up IN B-PRT -with IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -supply NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -certain JJ B-NP -types NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -freight NN B-NP -transportation NN I-NP -, , O -and CC O -rates NNS B-NP -are VBP B-VP -starting VBG I-VP -to TO I-VP -move VB I-VP -up IN B-ADVP -'' '' O -at IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -rate NN I-NP -`` `` O -close RB B-ADJP -to TO B-PP -or CC O -slightly RB B-ADJP -more JJR I-ADJP -than IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -inflation NN I-NP -rate NN I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Clifford NNP B-NP -Sayre NNP I-NP -, , O -director NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -logistics NNS B-NP -at IN B-PP -Du NNP B-NP -Pont NNP I-NP -Co NNP I-NP -. . O - -Shippers NNS B-NP -surveyed VBN B-VP -recently RB B-ADVP -by IN B-PP -Ohio NNP B-NP -State NNP I-NP -University NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -they PRP B-NP -expect VBP B-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -freight-transport JJ I-NP -, , I-NP -storage NN I-NP -and CC I-NP -distribution NN I-NP -costs NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -rise VB I-VP -about IN B-NP -4 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -this DT B-NP -year NN I-NP -. . O - -Only RB B-NP -10 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -250 CD I-NP -shippers NNS I-NP -polled VBN B-VP -expected VBN B-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -freight-transport JJ I-NP -costs NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -decrease VB I-VP -, , O -compared VBN B-PP -with IN B-PP -30 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -who WP B-NP -had VBD B-VP -looked VBN I-VP -to TO B-PP -freight VB B-NP -transport NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -reduce VB I-VP -costs NNS B-NP -in IN B-PP -past JJ B-NP -years NNS I-NP -. . O - -`` `` O -This DT B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -the DT B-NP -first JJ I-NP -year NN I-NP -since IN B-PP -transportation NN B-NP -deregulation NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -1980 CD B-NP -that IN B-ADVP -we PRP B-NP -have VBP B-VP -had VBN I-VP -such JJ B-NP -a DT I-NP -dramatic JJ I-NP -and CC I-NP -broad-based JJ I-NP -upturn NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -perceived VBN B-NP -transportation NN I-NP -rates NNS I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Bernard NNP B-NP -LaLonde NNP I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -transportation NN I-NP -logistics NNS I-NP -professor NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Ohio NNP B-NP -State NNP I-NP -in IN B-PP -Columbus NNP B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -deregulation NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -railroads NNS B-NP -and CC I-NP -trucking NN I-NP -companies NNS I-NP -that WDT B-NP -began VBD B-VP -in IN B-PP -1980 CD B-NP -enabled VBD B-VP -shippers NNS B-NP -to TO B-VP -bargain VB I-VP -for IN B-PP -transportation NN B-NP -. . O - -Carriers NNP B-NP -could MD B-VP -use VB I-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -equipment NN I-NP -more RBR B-ADVP -efficiently RB I-ADVP -, , O -leading VBG B-VP -to TO B-PP -overcapacity NN B-NP -they PRP B-NP -were VBD B-VP -eager JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -fill VB I-VP -. . O - -Shippers NNS B-NP -cut VBP B-VP -about RB B-NP -$ $ I-NP -35 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -from IN B-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -annual JJ I-NP -, , I-NP -inter-city JJ I-NP -truck NN I-NP -and CC I-NP -rail NN I-NP -costs NNS I-NP -, , O -to TO B-PP -about RB B-NP -$ $ I-NP -150 CD I-NP -billion CD I-NP -, , O -or CC O -about IN B-NP -6.4 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -gross JJ B-NP -national JJ I-NP -product NN I-NP -, , O -down RB B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -8 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -GNP NNP B-NP -in IN B-PP -1981 CD B-NP -. . O - -But CC O -with IN B-PP -much NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -inefficiency NN I-NP -squeezed VBN B-VP -out IN B-PP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -freight-transport JJ I-NP -system NN I-NP -, , O -rising VBG B-NP -costs NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -likely JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -be VB I-VP -reflected VBN I-VP -directly RB B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -higher JJR B-NP -freight NN I-NP -rates NNS I-NP -. . O - -`` `` O -Shippers NNS B-NP -are VBP B-VP -saying VBG I-VP -` `` O -the DT B-NP -party NN I-NP -'s POS B-VP -over IN B-ADJP -, , O -' '' O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Mr. NNP B-NP -LaLonde NNP I-NP -. . O - -`` `` O -Shippers NNS B-NP -wo MD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -be VB I-VP -able JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -look VB I-VP -for IN B-PP -transportation-cost JJ B-NP -savings NNS I-NP -as IN B-SBAR -they PRP B-NP -have VBP B-VP -for IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -last JJ I-NP -eight CD I-NP -or CC I-NP -nine CD I-NP -years NNS I-NP -. . O - -Transport NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -wo MD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -be VB I-VP -an DT B-NP -opportunity NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -offsetting VBG B-VP -cost NN B-NP -increases NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -other JJ B-NP -segments NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -economy NN I-NP -. . O -'' '' O - -Robert NNP B-NP -Delaney NNP I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -consultant NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Arthur NNP B-NP -D. NNP I-NP -Little NNP I-NP -Inc. NNP I-NP -, , O -Cambridge NNP B-NP -, , O -Mass. NNP B-NP -, , O -said VBD B-VP -`` `` O -We PRP B-NP -'ve VBP B-VP -gotten VBN I-VP -all PDT B-NP -the DT I-NP -benefits NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -deregulation NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -freight-cost JJ B-NP -reductions NNS I-NP -. . O - -Now RB B-ADVP -we PRP B-NP -are VBP B-VP -starting VBG I-VP -to TO I-VP -see VB I-VP -real JJ B-NP -freight-rate JJ I-NP -increases NNS I-NP -as IN B-SBAR -carriers NNS B-NP -replace VBP B-VP -equipment NN B-NP -, , O -pay VB B-VP -higher JJR B-NP -fuel NN I-NP -costs NNS I-NP -and CC O -pay VB B-VP -more JJR B-NP -for IN B-PP -labor NN B-NP -. . O - -You PRP B-NP -'ll MD B-VP -see VB I-VP -carriers NNS B-NP -try VB B-VP -to TO I-VP -recoup VB I-VP -some DT B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -price NN I-NP -cutting VBG I-NP -that WDT B-NP -occurred VBD B-VP -previously RB B-ADVP -. . O -'' '' O - -Not RB B-NP -everyone NN I-NP -believes VBZ B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -good JJ I-NP -times NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -over IN B-ADJP -for IN B-PP -shippers NNS B-NP -. . O - -`` `` O -There EX B-NP -'s VBZ B-VP -still RB B-ADVP -a DT B-NP -lot NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -pressure NN B-NP -on IN B-PP -rates NNS B-NP -in IN B-PP -both DT B-NP -rail NN I-NP -and CC I-NP -truck NN I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Gerard NNP B-NP -McCullough NNP I-NP -, , O -lecturer NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -transportation NN B-NP -at IN B-PP -Massachusetts NNP B-NP -Institute NNP I-NP -of IN B-PP -Technology NNP B-NP -. . O - -Less-than-truckload JJ B-NP -companies NNS I-NP -, , O -which WDT B-NP -carry VBP B-VP -the DT B-NP -freight NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -several JJ B-NP -shippers NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -each DT B-NP -truck NN I-NP -trailer NN I-NP -, , O -discounted VBD B-VP -away RB B-ADVP -a DT B-NP -4.7 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -rate NN I-NP -increase NN I-NP -implemented VBD B-VP -last JJ B-NP -April NNP I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -carriers NNS I-NP -were VBD B-VP -competing VBG I-VP -fiercely RB B-ADVP -for IN B-PP -market NN B-NP -share NN I-NP -. . O - -Railroad-rate JJ B-NP -increases NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -likely JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -be VB I-VP -restrained VBN I-VP -by IN B-PP -weakening VBG B-NP -rail-traffic JJ I-NP -levels NNS I-NP -and CC O -keen JJ B-NP -competition NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -freight NN B-NP -from IN B-PP -trucks NNS B-NP -. . O - -An DT B-NP -official NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Consolidated NNP B-NP -Freightways NNP I-NP -Inc. NNP I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -Menlo NNP I-NP -Park NNP I-NP -, , I-NP -Calif. NNP I-NP -, , I-NP -less-than-truckload JJ I-NP -carrier NN I-NP -, , O -said VBD B-VP -rate NN B-NP -discounting NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -that DT B-NP -industry NN I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -begun VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -`` `` O -stabilize VB B-VP -. . O -'' '' O - -Consolidated NNP B-NP -Freightways NNP I-NP -plans VBZ B-VP -to TO I-VP -raise VB I-VP -its PRP$ B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -5.3 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -late JJ B-NP -this DT I-NP -year NN I-NP -or CC O -early JJ B-NP -next JJ I-NP -year NN I-NP -, , O -and CC O -at IN B-NP -least JJS I-NP -two CD I-NP -competitors NNS I-NP -have VBP B-VP -announced VBN I-VP -similar JJ B-NP -increases NNS I-NP -. . O - -Truckers NNS B-NP -are VBP B-VP -`` `` O -trying VBG B-VP -to TO I-VP -send VB I-VP -signals NNS B-NP -that IN B-SBAR -they PRP B-NP -need VBP B-VP -to TO I-VP -stop VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -bloodletting NN I-NP -, , O -forget VB B-VP -about IN B-PP -market NN B-NP -share NN I-NP -and CC O -go VB B-VP -for IN B-PP -higher JJR B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Michael NNP B-NP -Lloyd NNP I-NP -, , O -an DT B-NP -analyst NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Salomon NNP B-NP -Bros NNP I-NP -. . O - -And CC O -`` `` O -shippers NNS B-NP -are VBP B-VP -getting VBG I-VP -the DT B-NP -feeling NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -they PRP B-NP -have VBP B-VP -played VBN I-VP -one CD B-NP -trucker NN I-NP -off IN B-ADVP -against IN B-PP -another DT B-NP -as RB B-NP -much JJ I-NP -as IN B-SBAR -they PRP B-NP -can MD B-VP -, , O -'' '' O -he PRP B-NP -said VBD B-VP -. . O - -Air-freight NN B-NP -carriers NNS I-NP -raised VBD B-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -U.S. NNP B-NP -products NNS I-NP -going VBG B-VP -across IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Pacific NNP I-NP -to TO B-PP -Asia NNP B-NP -by IN B-PP -about IN B-NP -20 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -earlier RBR B-NP -this DT I-NP -month NN I-NP -. . O - -And CC O -Japan NNP B-NP -Air NNP I-NP -Lines NNPS I-NP -said VBD B-VP -it PRP B-NP -plans VBZ B-VP -to TO I-VP -boost VB I-VP -its PRP$ B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -a DT B-NP -further JJ I-NP -25 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -over IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -next JJ I-NP -two CD I-NP -years NNS I-NP -. . O - -Such JJ B-NP -rate NN I-NP -increases NNS I-NP -`` `` O -will MD B-VP -increase VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -total JJ I-NP -cost NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -U.S. NNP B-NP -products NNS I-NP -and CC O -slow JJ B-VP -down RP B-PRT -the DT B-NP -rate NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -increase NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -U.S. NNP B-NP -exports NNS I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Richard NNP B-NP -Connors NNP I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -senior JJ I-NP -vice NN I-NP -president NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -Yusen NNP B-NP -Air NNP I-NP -& CC I-NP -Sea NNP I-NP -Service NNP I-NP -U.S.A. NNP I-NP -Inc. NNP I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -air-freight-forwarding JJ I-NP -subsidiary NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -Nippon NNP B-NP -Yusen NNP I-NP -Kaisha NNP I-NP -of IN B-PP -Japan NNP B-NP -. . O - -Ship NN B-NP -companies NNS I-NP -carrying VBG B-VP -bulk NN B-NP -commodities NNS I-NP -, , O -such JJ B-PP -as IN I-PP -oil NN B-NP -, , O -grain NN B-NP -, , O -coal NN B-NP -and CC O -iron NN B-NP -ore NN I-NP -, , O -have VBP B-VP -been VBN I-VP -able JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -increase VB I-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -last JJ I-NP -couple NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -years NNS B-NP -. . O - -Some DT B-NP -bulk NN I-NP -shipping VBG I-NP -rates NNS I-NP -have VBP B-VP -increased VBN I-VP -`` `` O -3 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -to TO I-NP -4 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -past JJ I-NP -few JJ I-NP -months NNS I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -said VBD B-VP -Salomon NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -Mr. NNP I-NP -Lloyd NNP I-NP -. . O - -And CC O -ship NN B-NP -lines NNS I-NP -carrying VBG B-VP -containers NNS B-NP -are VBP B-VP -also RB I-VP -trying VBG I-VP -to TO I-VP -raise VB I-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -. . O - -Carriers NNP B-NP -boosted VBD B-VP -rates NNS B-NP -more JJR B-NP -than IN I-NP -10 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -North NNP I-NP -Atlantic NNP I-NP -between IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -and CC O -Europe NNP B-NP -last JJ B-NP -September NNP I-NP -, , O -hoping VBG B-VP -to TO I-VP -partly RB I-VP -restore VB I-VP -rates NNS B-NP -to TO B-PP -earlier JJR B-NP -levels NNS I-NP -. . O - -Ship NN B-NP -lines NNS I-NP -operating VBG B-VP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Pacific NNP I-NP -plan NN B-VP -to TO I-VP -raise VB I-VP -rates NNS B-NP -on IN B-PP -containers NNS B-NP -carrying VBG B-VP -U.S. NNP B-NP -exports NNS I-NP -to TO B-PP -Asia NNP B-NP -about IN B-NP -10 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -, , O -effective JJ B-ADJP -next JJ B-NP -April NNP I-NP -. . O - -MGM NNP B-NP -Grand NNP I-NP -Inc. NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -it PRP B-NP -filed VBD B-VP -a DT B-NP -registration NN I-NP -statement NN I-NP -with IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Securities NNP I-NP -and CC I-NP -Exchange NNP I-NP -Commission NNP I-NP -for IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -public JJ I-NP -offering NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -six CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -common JJ I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -Beverly NNP I-NP -Hills NNP I-NP -, , I-NP -Calif.-based JJ I-NP -company NN I-NP -said VBD B-VP -it PRP B-NP -would MD B-VP -have VB I-VP -26.9 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -common JJ I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -outstanding JJ B-ADJP -after IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -offering NN I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -hotel NN I-NP -and CC I-NP -Gaming NNP I-NP -company NN I-NP -said VBD B-VP -Merrill NNP B-NP -Lynch NNP I-NP -Capital NNP I-NP -Markets NNPS I-NP -will MD B-VP -lead VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -underwriters NNS I-NP -. . O - -Proceeds NNS B-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -sale NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -used VBN I-VP -for IN B-PP -remodeling VBG B-NP -and CC I-NP -refurbishing VBG I-NP -projects NNS I-NP -, , B-PP -as RB I-PP -well RB I-PP -as IN I-PP -for IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -planned VBN I-NP -MGM NNP I-NP -Grand NNP I-NP -hotel\/casino NN I-NP -and CC I-NP -theme NN I-NP -park NN I-NP -. . O - -Bob NNP B-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -stewed JJ B-VP -over IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -letter NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -his PRP$ B-NP -manager NN I-NP -putting VBG B-VP -him PRP B-NP -on IN B-PP -probation NN B-NP -for IN B-PP -insubordination NN B-NP -. . O - -Mr. NNP B-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -thought VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -discipline NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -unfair JJ B-ADJP -; : O -he PRP B-NP -believed VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -his PRP$ B-NP -manager NN I-NP -wanted VBD B-VP -to TO I-VP -get VB I-VP -rid JJ B-ADJP -of IN B-PP -him PRP B-NP -for IN B-PP -personal JJ B-NP -reasons NNS I-NP -. . O - -Unable JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -persuade VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -manager NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -change VB I-VP -his PRP$ B-NP -decision NN I-NP -, , O -he PRP B-NP -went VBD B-VP -to TO B-PP -a DT B-NP -`` `` I-NP -company NN I-NP -court NN I-NP -'' '' O -for IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -hearing NN I-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -scheduled VBN I-NP -time NN I-NP -, , O -Mr. NNP B-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -entered VBD B-VP -a DT B-NP -conference NN I-NP -room NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -building NN I-NP -near IN B-PP -where WRB B-ADVP -he PRP B-NP -worked VBD B-VP -. . O - -After IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -three CD I-NP -members NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -court NN I-NP -introduced VBD B-VP -themselves PRP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -chairman NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -panel NN I-NP -said VBD B-VP -: : O -`` `` O -Go VB B-VP -ahead RB B-ADVP -and CC O -tell VB B-VP -us PRP B-NP -what WP B-NP -happened VBD B-VP -. . O - -We PRP B-NP -may MD B-VP -ask VB I-VP -questions NNS B-NP -as IN B-SBAR -you PRP B-NP -go VBP B-VP -along IN B-PRT -, , O -or CC O -we PRP B-NP -may MD B-VP -wait VB I-VP -until IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -end NN I-NP -. . O -'' '' O - -No DT B-NP -lawyers NNS I-NP -or CC I-NP -tape NN I-NP -recorders NNS I-NP -were VBD B-VP -present JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -only RB I-NP -extra JJ I-NP -people NNS I-NP -were VBD B-VP -a DT B-NP -couple NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -personnel NNS B-NP -specialists NNS I-NP -, , O -one CD B-NP -of IN B-PP -whom WP B-NP -knew VBD B-VP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -case NN I-NP -intimately RB B-ADVP -and CC O -would MD B-VP -help VB I-VP -fill VB I-VP -in IN B-PRT -any DT B-NP -facts NNS I-NP -needed VBN B-VP -to TO B-VP -give VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -court NN I-NP -the DT B-NP -full JJ I-NP -picture NN I-NP -. . O - -Over IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -cup NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -coffee NN B-NP -, , O -Mr. NNP B-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -told VBD B-VP -his PRP$ B-NP -story NN I-NP -. . O - -He PRP B-NP -talked VBD B-VP -about IN B-NP -20 CD I-NP -minutes NNS I-NP -. . O - -When WRB B-ADVP -he PRP B-NP -was VBD B-VP -through IN B-ADJP -, , O -the DT B-NP -court NN I-NP -members NNS I-NP -asked VBD B-VP -many JJ B-NP -questions NNS I-NP -, , O -then RB B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -chairman NN I-NP -said VBD B-VP -they PRP B-NP -would MD B-VP -like VB I-VP -to TO I-VP -hear VB I-VP -his PRP$ B-NP -manager NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -side NN I-NP -and CC O -talk VB B-VP -to TO B-PP -witnesses NNS B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -chairman NN I-NP -promised VBD B-VP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -a DT B-NP -decision NN I-NP -within IN B-PP -two CD B-NP -weeks NNS I-NP -. . O - -Bob NNP B-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -a DT B-NP -fictional JJ I-NP -name NN I-NP -, , O -but CC O -the DT B-NP -incident NN I-NP -described VBN B-VP -is VBZ B-VP -real JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -It PRP B-NP -happened VBD B-VP -at IN B-PP -Northrop NNP B-NP -Corp. NNP I-NP -in IN B-PP -Los NNP B-NP -Angeles NNP I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -court NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -called VBN I-VP -the DT B-NP -Management NNP I-NP -Appeals NNP I-NP -Committee NNP I-NP -, , O -or CC O -just RB B-NP -`` `` I-NP -MAC NNP I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -and CC O -it PRP B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -likely JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -hear VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -couple NN I-NP -of IN I-NP -dozen NN I-NP -cases VBZ I-NP -a DT B-NP -year NN I-NP -. . O - -Alter VB B-VP -some DT B-NP -details NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -this DT B-NP -example NN I-NP -and CC O -it PRP B-NP -could MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -taking VBG I-VP -place NN B-NP -today NN B-ADVP -at IN B-PP -Federal NNP B-NP -Express NNP I-NP -in IN B-PP -Memphis NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -Defense NNP I-NP -and CC I-NP -Underseas NNP I-NP -Systems NNP I-NP -divisions NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -Honeywell NNP B-NP -in IN B-PP -Minneapolis NNP B-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -General NNP I-NP -Electric NNP I-NP -plant NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -Columbia NNP B-NP -, , O -Md. NNP B-NP -, , O -or CC O -a DT B-NP -number NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -other JJ B-NP -companies NNS I-NP -. . O - -These DT B-NP -firms NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -pioneers NNS B-NP -in IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -significant JJ I-NP -new JJ I-NP -trend NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -corporate JJ I-NP -world NN I-NP -: : O -the DT B-NP -rise NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -what WP B-NP -I PRP B-NP -call VBP B-VP -corporate JJ B-NP -due JJ I-NP -process NN I-NP -. . O - -Although IN B-SBAR -corporate JJ B-NP -due JJ I-NP -process NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -practiced VBN I-VP -today NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -few JJ B-NP -companies NNS I-NP --- : O -perhaps RB B-ADVP -40 CD B-NP -to TO I-NP -60 CD I-NP --- : O -it PRP B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -one CD B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -fastest JJS I-NP -developing VBG I-NP -trends NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -industry NN B-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -coming VBG I-NP -decade NN I-NP -a DT B-NP -majority NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -people-oriented JJ B-NP -companies NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -likely JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -adopt VB I-VP -it PRP B-NP -. . O - -Corporate JJ B-NP -due JJ I-NP -process NN I-NP -appeals NNS B-VP -to TO B-PP -management NN B-NP -for IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -variety NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -reasons NNS B-NP -. . O - -It PRP B-NP -reduces VBZ B-VP -lawsuits NNS B-NP -from IN B-PP -disgruntled JJ B-NP -employees NNS I-NP -and CC I-NP -ex-employees NNS I-NP -, , O -with IN B-PP -all DT B-NP -that WDT B-NP -means VBZ B-VP -for IN B-PP -reduced VBN B-NP -legal JJ I-NP -costs NNS I-NP -and CC O -better RBR B-NP -public JJ I-NP -relations NNS I-NP -. . O - -It PRP B-NP -helps VBZ B-VP -to TO I-VP -keep VB I-VP -out IN B-PRT -unions NNS B-NP -. . O - -It PRP B-NP -increases VBZ B-VP -employee NN B-NP -commitment NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -the DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -, , O -with IN B-PP -all DT B-NP -that WDT B-NP -means VBZ B-VP -for IN B-PP -efficiency NN B-NP -and CC O -quality NN B-NP -control NN I-NP -. . O - -What WP B-NP -must MD O -your PRP$ B-NP -management NN I-NP -team NN I-NP -do VBP B-VP -to TO B-VP -establish VB I-VP -corporate JJ B-NP -due JJ I-NP -process NN I-NP -? . O - -Here RB B-ADVP -are VBP B-VP -four CD B-NP -key JJ I-NP -steps NNS I-NP -: : O - -1 CD B-LST -. . O -Make VB B-VP -sure JJ B-ADJP -you PRP B-NP -have VBP B-VP -a DT B-NP -strong JJ I-NP -personnel NNS I-NP -department NN I-NP -. . O - -It PRP B-NP -must MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -able JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -handle VB I-VP -most RBS B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -complaints NNS I-NP -that WDT B-NP -can MD B-VP -not RB I-VP -be VB I-VP -solved VBN I-VP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -trenches NNS I-NP -by IN B-PP -managers NNS B-NP -and CC O -their PRP$ B-NP -subordinates NNS I-NP -, , O -else RB B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -court NN I-NP -or CC I-NP -adjudicators NNS I-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB B-VP -inundated VBN I-VP -with IN B-PP -cases NNS B-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -Polaroid NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -Personnel NNP I-NP -Policy NNP I-NP -Planning NNP I-NP -Committee NNP I-NP -may MD B-VP -hear VB I-VP -only RB B-NP -about IN I-NP -20 CD I-NP -cases VBZ I-NP -a DT B-NP -year NN I-NP -; : O -the DT B-NP -rest NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -many JJ I-NP -hundreds NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -complaints NNS B-NP -are VBP B-VP -resolved VBN I-VP -at IN B-PP -earlier JJR B-NP -stages NNS I-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -TWA NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -System NNP I-NP -Board NNP I-NP -of IN B-PP -Adjustment NNP B-NP -hears VBZ B-VP -50 CD B-NP -to TO I-NP -75 CD I-NP -cases VBZ I-NP -a DT B-NP -year NN I-NP -, , O -only RB B-NP -a DT I-NP -fraction NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -complaints NNS I-NP -brought VBN B-VP -to TO B-PP -personnel NNS B-NP -specialists NNS I-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -Citicorp NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -Problem NNP I-NP -Review NNP I-NP -Board NNP I-NP -may MD B-VP -hear VB I-VP -only RB B-NP -12 CD I-NP -or CC I-NP -so RB I-NP -cases VBZ I-NP -because IN B-PP -of IN I-PP -personnel NNS B-NP -'s POS B-NP -skill NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -complaint-resolution NN B-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -typical JJ I-NP -year NN I-NP -, , O -up IN B-NP -to TO I-NP -20 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -work NN I-NP -force NN I-NP -goes VBZ B-VP -to TO B-PP -personnel NNS B-NP -specialists NNS I-NP -with IN B-PP -complaints NNS B-NP -of IN B-PP -unfair JJ B-NP -treatment NN I-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -large JJ I-NP -company NN I-NP -that WDT B-NP -means VBZ B-VP -many JJ B-NP -hundreds NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -complaints NNS B-NP -for IN B-PP -personnel NNS B-NP -to TO B-VP -handle VB I-VP -. . O - -2 CD B-LST -. . O -Formally RB B-ADVP -or CC I-ADVP -informally RB I-ADVP -, , O -train NN B-VP -all DT B-NP -your PRP$ I-NP -managers NNS I-NP -and CC I-NP -supervisors NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -due-process NN I-NP -approach NN I-NP -. . O - -See VB B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -they PRP B-NP -know VBP B-VP -company NN B-NP -personnel NNS I-NP -policy NN I-NP -backwards RB B-ADVP -and CC I-ADVP -forwards RB I-ADVP -, , O -for IN O -it PRP B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -the DT B-NP -`` `` I-NP -law NN I-NP -'' '' O -governing VBG B-VP -company NN B-NP -courts NNS I-NP -and CC I-NP -adjudicators NNS I-NP -. . O - -Coach NNP B-VP -them PRP B-NP -in IN B-PP -handling NN B-VP -complaints NNS B-NP -so RB B-SBAR -that IN I-SBAR -they PRP B-NP -can MD B-VP -resolve VB I-VP -problems NNS B-NP -immediately RB B-ADVP -. . O - -In IN B-SBAR -case NN O -managers NNS B-NP -and CC O -personnel NNS B-NP -specialists NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -unsuccessful JJ B-ADJP -and CC O -subordinates NNS B-NP -take VBP B-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -complaints NNS I-NP -to TO B-PP -a DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -court NN I-NP -or CC I-NP -adjudicator NN I-NP -, , O -teach VB B-VP -managers NNS B-NP -to TO B-VP -accept VB I-VP -reversals NNS B-NP -as IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -fact NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -business NN B-NP -life NN I-NP -, , O -for IN O -in IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -good JJ I-NP -due-process NN I-NP -system NN I-NP -they PRP B-NP -are VBP B-VP -bound VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -happen VB I-VP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -15 CD I-NP -companies NNS I-NP -I PRP B-NP -studied VBD B-VP -, , O -reversal NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -range VBP B-VP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -average NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -20 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -40 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -. . O - -3 CD B-LST -. . O -Decide VB B-VP -whether IN O -you PRP B-NP -want VBP B-VP -a DT B-NP -panel NN I-NP -system NN I-NP -or CC O -a DT B-NP -single JJ I-NP -adjudicator NN I-NP -. . O - -A DT B-NP -panel NN I-NP -system NN I-NP -like IN B-PP -that DT B-NP -in NN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Bob NNP I-NP -Stone NNP I-NP -example NN I-NP -enjoys VBZ B-VP -such JJ B-NP -advantages NNS I-NP -as IN B-PP -high JJ B-NP -credibility NN I-NP -and CC O -, , O -for IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -panelists NNS I-NP -, , O -mutual JJ B-NP -support NN I-NP -. . O - -An DT B-NP -adjudicator NN I-NP -system NN I-NP --- : O -that DT B-INTJ -is VBZ I-INTJ -, , O -an DT B-NP -investigator NN I-NP -who WP B-NP -acts VBZ B-VP -first JJ B-ADVP -as IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -fact-finder NN I-NP -and CC O -then RB O -switches VBZ B-VP -hats NNS B-NP -and CC O -arbitrates VBZ B-VP -the DT B-NP -facts NNS I-NP --- : O -has VBZ B-VP -such JJ B-NP -advantages NNS I-NP -as IN B-PP -speed NN B-NP -, , O -flexibility NN B-NP -and CC O -maximum JJ B-NP -privacy NN I-NP -. . O - -International NNP B-NP -Business NNP I-NP -Machines NNPS I-NP -and CC O -Bank NNP B-NP -of IN B-PP -America NNP B-NP -are VBP B-VP -among IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -companies NNS I-NP -using VBG B-VP -the DT B-NP -single-adjudicator JJ I-NP -approach NN I-NP -. . O - -4 CD B-LST -. . O -Make VB B-VP -your PRP$ B-NP -due-process NN I-NP -system NN I-NP -visible JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -It PRP B-NP -wo MD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -do VB I-VP -any DT B-NP -good NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -anybody NN B-NP -unless IN B-SBAR -employees NNS B-NP -know VBP B-VP -about IN B-PP -it PRP B-NP -. . O - -Most JJS B-NP -managements NNS I-NP -hesitate VBP B-VP -to TO I-VP -go VB I-VP -all DT B-ADVP -out NN I-ADVP -in IN B-PP -advertising VBG B-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -due-process NN I-NP -systems NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -fear NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -encouraging VBG B-VP -cranks NNS B-NP -and CC O -chronic JJ B-NP -soreheads NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -file VB I-VP -complaints NNS B-NP -. . O - -On IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -other JJ I-NP -hand NN I-NP -, , O -they PRP B-NP -make VBP B-VP -sure JJ B-ADJP -at IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -minimum NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -their PRP$ B-NP -systems NNS I-NP -are VBP B-VP -described VBN I-VP -in IN B-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -employee NN I-NP -handbooks NNS I-NP -and CC O -talked VBD B-VP -up IN B-PRT -by IN B-PP -personnel NNS B-NP -specialists NNS I-NP -. . O - -Smith-Kline NNP B-NP -Beecham NNP I-NP -goes VBZ B-VP -further JJ B-ADVP -and CC O -sometimes RB B-VP -features VBZ I-VP -its PRP$ B-NP -grievance NN I-NP -procedure NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -closed-circuit JJ B-NP -TV NN I-NP -programs NNS I-NP -. . O - -Naturally RB B-ADVP -, , O -one CD B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -best JJS I-NP -ways NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -guarantee VB I-VP -visibility NN B-NP -for IN B-PP -your PRP$ B-NP -due-process NN I-NP -system NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -for IN B-SBAR -top JJ B-NP -management NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -support VB I-VP -it PRP B-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -IBM NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -Open NNP I-NP -Door NNP I-NP -system NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -sometimes RB B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -subject NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -memorandums NNS B-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -chief JJ I-NP -executive NN I-NP -. . O - -Federal NNP B-NP -Express NNP I-NP -goes VBZ B-VP -further JJ B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -this DT B-NP -respect NN I-NP -than IN B-PP -any DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -I PRP B-NP -know VBP B-VP -of IN B-PP -with IN B-PP -both DT B-NP -Frederick NNP B-NP -Smith NNP I-NP -and CC O -James NNP B-NP -Barksdale NNP I-NP -, , O -chief JJ B-NP -executive NN I-NP -and CC O -chief JJ B-NP -operating VBG I-NP -officer NN I-NP -, , O -respectively RB B-ADVP -, , O -sitting VBG B-VP -in IN B-PRT -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Appeals NNP I-NP -Board NNP I-NP -almost RB B-NP -every DT I-NP -Tuesday NNP I-NP -to TO B-VP -decide VB I-VP -cases NNS B-NP -. . O - -Mr. NNP B-NP -Ewing NNP I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -a DT B-NP -consultant NN I-NP -based VBN B-VP -in IN B-PP -Winchester NNP B-NP -, , O -Mass. NNP B-NP -, , O -and CC O -author NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -`` `` O -Justice NNP B-NP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Job NNP I-NP -: : O -Resolving NNP B-VP -Grievances NNP B-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Nonunion NNP I-NP -Workplace NN I-NP -'' '' O --LRB- ( O -Harvard NNP B-NP -Business NNP I-NP -School NNP I-NP -Press NNP I-NP -, , O -1989 CD B-NP --RRB- ) O -. . O - -Tokyo NNP B-NP -stocks NNS I-NP -closed VBD B-VP -higher JJR B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -active JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -Friday NNP B-NP -, , O -marking VBG B-VP -the DT B-NP -fourth JJ I-NP -consecutive JJ I-NP -daily JJ I-NP -gain NN I-NP -since IN B-PP -Monday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -sharp JJ I-NP -fall NN I-NP -. . O - -London JJ B-NP -shares NNS I-NP -closed VBD B-VP -moderately RB B-ADVP -lower JJR I-ADVP -in IN B-PP -thin JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -. . O - -At IN B-PP -Tokyo NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -Nikkei NNP I-NP -index NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -225 CD B-NP -selected VBN I-NP -issues NNS I-NP -was VBD B-VP -up IN B-ADVP -112.16 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -to TO B-PP -35486.38 CD B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -index NN I-NP -advanced VBD B-VP -266.66 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -Thursday NNP B-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -early JJ B-NP -trading NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -Tokyo NNP B-NP -Monday NNP B-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -Nikkei NNP I-NP -index NN I-NP -rose VBD B-VP -101.98 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -to TO B-PP -35588.36 CD B-NP -. . O - -Friday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -volume NN I-NP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -First NNP I-NP -Section NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -estimated VBN I-VP -at IN B-PP -one CD B-NP -billion CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -862 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -Thursday NNP B-NP -. . O - -Winners NNS B-NP -outpaced VBD B-VP -losers NNS B-NP -, , O -572 CD B-ADVP -to TO I-ADVP -368 CD I-ADVP -, , O -while IN B-SBAR -181 CD B-NP -issues NNS I-NP -remained VBD B-VP -unchanged JJ B-ADJP -. . O - -With IN B-SBAR -investors NNS B-NP -relieved VBN B-ADJP -at IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -overnight JJ I-NP -gain NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -stocks NNS I-NP -, , O -small-lot JJ B-NP -buying NN I-NP -orders NNS I-NP -streamed VBD B-VP -into IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -market NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -early JJ B-NP -morning NN I-NP -, , O -making VBG B-VP -traders NNS B-NP -believe VBP B-VP -the DT B-NP -market NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -back RB B-ADVP -to TO B-PP -normal JJ B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -Nikkei NNP I-NP -, , O -which WDT B-NP -reached VBD B-VP -as RB B-ADJP -high JJ I-ADJP -as IN B-PP -35611.38 CD B-NP -right NN B-ADVP -after IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -opening NN I-NP -, , O -surrendered VBD B-VP -part NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -its PRP$ B-NP -early JJ I-NP -advance NN I-NP -toward IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -end NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -day NN I-NP -because IN B-PP -of IN I-PP -profit-taking NN B-NP -. . O - -`` `` O -Investors NNS B-NP -, , B-NP -especially RB I-NP -dealers NNS B-NP -, , O -do VBP B-VP -n't RB I-VP -want VB I-VP -to TO I-VP -hold VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -position NN I-NP -over IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -weekend NN I-NP -, , O -'' '' O -a DT B-NP -trader NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -Dai-ichi NNP B-NP -Securities NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -, , O -adding VBG B-VP -, , O -though RB B-ADVP -, , O -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -trading NN I-NP -mood NN I-NP -remained VBD B-VP -positive JJ B-ADJP -through IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -afternoon NN I-NP -session NN I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -Tokyo NNP I-NP -Stock NNP I-NP -Price NNP I-NP -Index NNP I-NP --LRB- ( O -Topix NNP B-NP --RRB- ) O -of IN B-PP -all DT B-NP -issues NNS I-NP -listed VBN B-VP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -First NNP I-NP -Section NN I-NP -, , O -which WDT B-NP -gained VBD B-VP -22.78 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -Thursday NNP B-NP -, , O -was VBD B-VP -up IN B-ADVP -14.06 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -, , O -or CC O -0.53 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -, , O -at IN B-PP -2679.72 CD B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -Second JJ I-NP -Section NN I-NP -index NN I-NP -, , O -which WDT B-NP -rose VBD B-VP -15.72 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -Thursday NNP B-NP -, , O -was VBD B-VP -up IN B-ADVP -11.88 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -, , O -or CC O -0.32 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -, , O -to TO B-VP -close VB I-VP -at IN B-PP -3717.46 CD B-NP -. . O - -Volume NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -second JJ I-NP -section NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -estimated VBN I-VP -at IN B-PP -30 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -, , O -up IN B-ADVP -from IN B-PP -28 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -Thursday NNP B-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -turmoil NN B-NP -caused VBN B-VP -by IN B-PP -the DT O -previous JJ B-NP -Friday NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -plunge NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -stocks NNS I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -Nikkei NNP I-NP -marked VBD B-VP -a DT B-NP -sharp JJ I-NP -647.33-point JJ I-NP -fall NN I-NP -Monday NNP B-NP -. . O - -But CC O -the DT B-NP -Nikkei NNP I-NP -fell VBD B-VP -an DT B-NP -overall JJ I-NP -1.8 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -value NN B-NP -that DT B-NP -day NN I-NP -compared VBN B-PP -with IN B-PP -Wall NNP B-NP -Street NNP I-NP -'s POS I-NP -far RB B-ADJP -sharper JJR I-ADJP -6.9 CD B-ADJP -% NN I-ADJP -drop NN B-NP -on IN B-PP -Oct. NNP B-NP -13 CD I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -Tokyo NNP I-NP -market NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -resiliency NN I-NP -helped VBD B-VP -participants NNS B-NP -to TO B-VP -regain VB I-VP -confidence NN B-NP -gradually RB B-ADVP -as IN B-SBAR -they PRP B-NP -spent VBD B-VP -more JJR B-NP -time NN I-NP -on IN B-PP -analyzing VBG B-VP -factors NNS B-NP -that WDT B-NP -caused VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -Friday NNP I-NP -plunge NN I-NP -and CC O -realized VBD B-VP -these DT B-NP -problems NNS I-NP -were VBD B-VP -unique JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-PP -New NNP B-NP -York NNP I-NP -stocks NNS I-NP -and CC B-ADJP -not RB I-ADJP -directly RB B-ADJP -related VBN I-ADJP -to TO B-PP -Tokyo NNP B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -Nikkei NNP I-NP -continued VBD B-VP -to TO I-VP -gain VB I-VP -for IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -rest NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -week NN I-NP -, , O -adding VBG B-VP -1017.69 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -four CD B-NP -days NNS I-NP --- : O -more JJR B-VP -than IN I-VP -erasing VBG I-VP -Monday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -losses NNS I-NP -. . O - -But CC O -further JJ B-NP -major JJ I-NP -advances NNS I-NP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Nikkei NNP I-NP -are VBP B-VP -n't RB I-VP -foreseen VBN I-VP -this DT B-NP -week NN I-NP -by IN B-PP -market NN B-NP -observers NNS I-NP -. . O - -Investors NNS B-NP -are VBP B-VP -still RB I-VP -waiting VBG I-VP -to TO I-VP -see VB I-VP -how WRB B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -government NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -decide VB I-VP -on IN B-PP -interest NN B-NP -rates NNS I-NP -and CC O -how WRB B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -dollar NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -stabilized VBN I-VP -. . O - -Some DT B-NP -high-priced JJ I-NP -issues NNS I-NP -made VBD B-VP -a DT B-NP -comeback NN I-NP -Friday NNP B-NP -. . O - -Pioneer NNP B-NP -surged VBD B-VP -450 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP --LRB- ( O -$ $ B-NP -3.16 CD I-NP --RRB- ) O -to TO B-PP -6,050 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP --LRB- ( O -$ $ B-NP -42.60 CD I-NP --RRB- ) O -. . O - -Kyocera NNP B-NP -advanced VBD B-VP -80 CD B-NP -yen NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -5,440 CD B-NP -. . O - -Fanuc NNP B-NP -gained VBD B-VP -100 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -7,580 CD B-NP -. . O - -Breweries NNP B-NP -attracted VBD B-VP -investors NNS B-NP -because IN B-PP -of IN I-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -land NN I-NP -property NN I-NP -holdings NNS I-NP -that WDT B-NP -could MD B-VP -figure VB I-VP -in IN B-PP -development NN B-NP -or CC O -other JJ B-NP -plans NNS I-NP -, , O -traders NNS B-NP -said VBD B-VP -. . O - -Sapporo NNP B-NP -gained VBD B-VP -80 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -1,920 CD B-NP -and CC O -Kirin NNP B-NP -added VBD B-VP -60 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -2,070 CD B-NP -. . O - -Housings NNS B-NP -, , I-NP -constructions NNS I-NP -and CC I-NP -pharmaceuticals NNS I-NP -continued VBD B-VP -to TO I-VP -be VB I-VP -bought VBN I-VP -following VBG B-PP -Thursday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -gains NNS I-NP -because IN B-PP -of IN I-PP -strong JJ B-NP -earnings NNS I-NP -outlooks NNS I-NP -. . O - -Daiwa NNP B-NP -House NNP I-NP -gained VBD B-VP -50 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -2,660 CD B-NP -. . O - -Misawa NNP B-NP -Homes NNP I-NP -was VBD B-VP -up IN B-ADVP -20 CD B-NP -at IN B-PP -2,960 CD B-NP -. . O - -Kajima NNP B-NP -advanced VBD B-VP -40 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -2,120 CD B-NP -and CC O -Ohbayashi NNP B-NP -added VBD B-VP -50 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -1,730 CD B-NP -. . O - -Fujisawa NNP B-NP -added VBD B-VP -80 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -2,010 CD B-NP -and CC O -Mochida NNP B-NP -advanced VBD B-VP -230 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -4,400 CD B-NP -. . O - -London JJ B-NP -share NN I-NP -prices NNS I-NP -were VBD B-VP -influenced VBN I-VP -largely RB B-ADVP -by IN B-PP -declines NNS B-NP -on IN B-PP -Wall NNP B-NP -Street NNP I-NP -and CC O -weakness NN B-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -British JJ I-NP -pound NN I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -key JJ I-NP -Financial NNP I-NP -Times-Stock NNP I-NP -Exchange NNP I-NP -100-share JJ I-NP -index NN I-NP -ended VBD B-VP -10.2 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -lower JJR B-ADVP -at IN B-PP -2179.1 CD B-NP -, , O -above IN B-ADVP -its PRP$ B-NP -intraday JJ I-NP -low NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -2176.9 CD B-NP -, , B-ADVP -but CC I-ADVP -off IN B-ADVP -the DT B-NP -day NN I-NP -'s POS I-NP -high NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -2189 CD B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -index NN I-NP -finished VBD B-VP -2.4 CD B-NP -% NN I-NP -under IN B-PP -its PRP$ B-NP -close NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -2233.9 CD B-NP -the DT B-NP -previous JJ I-NP -Friday NNP I-NP -, , O -although IN B-SBAR -it PRP B-NP -recouped VBD B-VP -some DT B-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -sharp JJ I-NP -losses NNS I-NP -staged VBD B-VP -early JJ B-NP -last JJ I-NP -week NN I-NP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -back RB I-NP -of IN B-PP -Wall NNP B-NP -Street NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -fall NN I-NP -. . O - -London NNP B-NP -was VBD B-VP -weak JJ B-ADJP -throughout IN B-PP -Friday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -trading NN I-NP -, , O -however RB B-ADVP -, , O -on IN B-PP -what WP B-NP -dealers NNS B-NP -attributed VBD B-VP -to TO B-PP -generally RB B-NP -thin JJ I-NP -interest NN I-NP -ahead RB B-ADVP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -weekend NN I-NP -and CC O -this DT B-NP -week NN I-NP -'s POS I-NP -potentially RB B-ADJP -important JJ I-ADJP -U.K. NNP B-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -September NNP B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -FT-SE NNP I-NP -100 CD I-NP -largely RB B-ADVP -remained VBD B-VP -within IN B-PP -an DT B-NP -11-point JJ I-NP -range NN I-NP -establshed VBN B-VP -within IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -first JJ I-NP -hour NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -trading NN B-NP -before IN B-PP -it PRP B-NP -eased VBD B-VP -to TO B-PP -an DT B-NP -intraday JJ I-NP -low JJ I-NP -late RB B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -session NN I-NP -when WRB B-ADVP -a DT B-NP -flurry NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -program NN B-NP -selling VBG I-NP -pushed VBN B-VP -Wall NNP B-NP -Street NNP I-NP -lower JJR B-ADVP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -FT NNP I-NP -30-share JJ I-NP -index NN I-NP -closed VBD B-VP -11.0 CD B-NP -points NNS I-NP -lower JJR B-ADVP -at IN B-PP -1761.0 CD B-NP -. . O - -Volume NN B-NP -was VBD B-VP -extremely RB B-ADJP -thin JJ I-ADJP -at IN B-PP -351.3 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -lightest JJS I-NP -volume NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -week NN I-NP -and CC O -modestly RB B-ADVP -under IN B-PP -Thursday NNP B-NP -'s POS B-NP -387.4 CD I-NP -million CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -. . O - -Dealers NNS B-NP -said VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -day NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -action NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -featureless JJ B-ADJP -outside IN B-PP -some DT B-NP -response NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -sterling NN B-NP -'s POS B-NP -early JJ I-NP -weakness NN I-NP -against IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -mark NN I-NP -, , O -and CC O -fears NNS B-NP -that IN B-SBAR -Wall NNP B-NP -Street NNP I-NP -might MD B-VP -open RB I-VP -lower JJR B-ADVP -after IN B-PP -its PRP$ B-NP -strong JJ I-NP -leap NN I-NP -forward RB B-ADVP -Thursday NNP B-NP -. . O - -They PRP B-NP -added VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -market-makers NNS B-NP -were VBD B-VP -largely RB I-VP -sidelined VBN I-VP -after IN B-PP -aggressively RB B-VP -supporting VBG I-VP -the DT B-NP -market NN I-NP -Thursday NNP B-NP -in IN B-PP -their PRP$ B-NP -quest NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -cover VB I-VP -internal JJ B-NP -shortages NNS I-NP -of IN B-PP -FT-SE NNP B-NP -100 CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -. . O - -Interest NN B-NP -may MD B-VP -remain VB I-VP -limited JJ B-ADJP -into IN B-PP -tomorrow NN B-NP -'s POS B-NP -U.K. NNP I-NP -trade NN I-NP -figures NNS I-NP -, , O -which WDT B-NP -the DT B-NP -market NN I-NP -will MD B-VP -be VB I-VP -watching VBG I-VP -closely RB B-ADVP -to TO B-VP -see VB I-VP -if IN B-SBAR -there EX B-NP -is VBZ B-VP -any DT B-NP -improvement NN I-NP -after IN B-PP -disappointing JJ B-NP -numbers NNS I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -previous JJ I-NP -two CD I-NP -months NNS I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -key JJ I-NP -corporate JJ I-NP -news NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -day NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -British JJ B-NP -Airways NNPS I-NP -decided VBD B-VP -to TO I-VP -withdraw VB I-VP -from IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -management-led JJ I-NP -bid NN I-NP -for IN B-PP -UAL NNP B-NP -Corp. NNP I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -parent NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -United NNP B-NP -Airlines NNPS I-NP -. . O - -British JJ B-NP -Airways NNPS I-NP -rose VBD B-VP -initially RB B-ADVP -after IN B-PP -announcing VBG B-VP -its PRP$ B-NP -withdrawal NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -UAL NNP I-NP -deal NN I-NP -. . O - -Dealers NNS B-NP -said VBD B-VP -they PRP B-NP -viewed VBD B-VP -the DT O -initial JJ O -# # O -390-million CD O --LRB- ( O -$ $ B-ADJP -622 CD O -million CD O --RRB- ) O -outlay NN B-NP -for IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -15 CD I-NP -% NN I-NP -stake NN I-NP -in IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -airline NN I-NP -as IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -bit NN I-NP -much JJ I-NP -. . O - -Its PRP$ B-NP -shares NNS I-NP -slid VBD B-VP -in IN B-PP -late JJ B-NP -dealings NNS I-NP -to TO B-VP -close VB I-VP -a DT B-NP -penny NN I-NP -per IN B-PP -share NN B-NP -lower JJR B-ADVP -at IN B-PP -197 CD B-NP -pence NN I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -airline NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -most RBS I-NP -active JJ I-NP -FT-SE NNP I-NP -100 CD I-NP -at IN B-PP -8.2 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -traded VBN B-VP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -next JJ I-NP -most RBS I-NP -active JJ I-NP -top-tier JJ I-NP -stock NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -B.A.T NNP B-NP -Industries NNPS I-NP -, , O -the DT B-NP -target NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -Sir NNP B-NP -James NNP I-NP -Goldsmith NNP I-NP -'s POS B-NP -# # B-ADJP -13.4 CD O -billion CD O -bid NN B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -company NN I-NP -gained VBD B-VP -shareholder NN B-NP -approval NN I-NP -Thursday NNP B-NP -to TO B-VP -restructure VB I-VP -in IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -bid NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -fend VB I-VP -off IN B-PRT -the DT B-NP -hostile JJ I-NP -takeover NN I-NP -. . O - -Sir NNP B-NP -James NNP I-NP -said VBD B-VP -Thursday NNP B-NP -night NN I-NP -that IN B-SBAR -his PRP$ B-NP -plans NNS I-NP -for IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -takeover NN I-NP -had VBD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -changed VBN I-VP -. . O - -B.A.T NNP B-NP -ended VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -day NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -778 CD B-NP -, , O -down JJ B-ADVP -5 NN B-NP -, , O -on IN B-PP -turnover NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -7.5 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -. . O - -Dealers NNS B-NP -said VBD B-VP -it PRP B-NP -was VBD B-VP -hit VBN I-VP -by IN B-PP -some DT B-NP -profit-taking NN I-NP -after IN B-PP -gains NNS B-NP -since IN B-PP -mid-week NN B-NP -. . O - -In IN B-PP -other JJ B-NP -active JJ I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -, , O -Trusthouse NNP B-NP -Forte NNP I-NP -shed VB B-VP -10 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -294 CD B-NP -on IN B-PP -volume NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -6.4 CD B-NP -million CD I-NP -shares NNS I-NP -after IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -Barclays NNP I-NP -De NNP I-NP -Zoete NNP I-NP -Wedd NNP I-NP -downgrading NN I-NP -, , O -while IN B-SBAR -Hillsdown NNP B-NP -Holdings NNP I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -food NN I-NP -products NNS I-NP -concern VBP I-NP -, , O -was VBD B-VP -boosted VBN I-VP -2 CD B-NP -to TO B-PP -271 CD B-NP -after IN O -it PRP B-NP -disclosed VBD B-VP -it PRP B-NP -would MD B-VP -seek VB I-VP -shareholder NN B-NP -approval NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -begin VB I-VP -share NN B-NP -repurchases NNS I-NP -. . O - -Elsewhere RB B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -Europe NNP B-NP -, , O -share NN B-NP -prices NNS I-NP -closed VBD B-VP -higher JJR B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -Stockholm NNP B-NP -, , I-NP -Brussels NNP I-NP -and CC I-NP -Milan NNP I-NP -. . O - -Prices NNS B-NP -were VBD B-VP -lower JJR B-ADJP -in IN B-PP -Frankfurt NNP B-NP -, , I-NP -Zurich NNP I-NP -, , I-NP -Paris NNP I-NP -and CC I-NP -Amsterdam NNP I-NP -. . O - -South JJ B-NP -African JJ I-NP -gold NN I-NP -stocks NNS I-NP -closed VBD B-VP -moderately RB B-ADVP -lower JJR I-ADVP -. . O - -Share NN B-NP -prices NNS I-NP -closed VBD B-VP -higher JJR B-ADVP -in IN B-PP -Sydney NNP B-NP -, , O -Taipei NNP B-NP -, , O -Wellington NNP B-NP -, , O -Manila NNP B-NP -, , O -Hong NNP B-NP -Kong NNP I-NP -and CC O -Singapore NNP B-NP -and CC O -were VBD B-VP -lower JJR B-ADJP -in IN B-PP -Seoul NNP B-NP -. . O - -Here RB B-ADVP -are VBP B-VP -price NN B-NP -trends NNS I-NP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -world NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -major JJ I-NP -stock NN I-NP -markets NNS I-NP -, , O -as IN B-SBAR -calculated VBN B-VP -by IN B-PP -Morgan NNP B-NP -Stanley NNP I-NP -Capital NNP I-NP -International NNP I-NP -Perspective NNP I-NP -, , O -Geneva NNP B-NP -. . O - -To TO B-VP -make VB I-VP -them PRP B-NP -directly RB B-ADJP -comparable JJ I-ADJP -, , O -each DT B-NP -index NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -based VBN I-VP -on IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -close NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -1969 CD B-NP -equaling VBG B-VP -100 CD B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -percentage NN I-NP -change NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -since IN B-PP -year-end NN B-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -required VBN I-VP -to TO I-VP -notify VB I-VP -foreign JJ B-NP -dictators NNS I-NP -if IN B-SBAR -it PRP B-NP -knows VBZ B-VP -of IN B-PP -coup NN B-NP -plans NNS I-NP -likely JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -endanger VB I-VP -their PRP$ B-NP -lives NNS I-NP -, , O -government NN B-NP -officials NNS I-NP -said VBD B-VP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -notification NN I-NP -policy NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -part NN B-NP -of IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -set NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -guidelines NNS B-NP -on IN B-PP -handling NN B-VP -coups NNS B-NP -outlined VBN B-VP -in IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -secret JJ I-NP -1988 CD I-NP -exchange NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -letters NNS B-NP -between IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -Reagan NNP I-NP -administration NN I-NP -and CC O -the DT B-NP -Senate NNP I-NP -Intelligence NNP I-NP -Committee NNP I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -existence NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -guidelines NNS I-NP -has VBZ B-VP -become VBN I-VP -known VBN I-VP -since IN B-SBAR -President NNP B-NP -Bush NNP I-NP -disclosed VBD B-VP -them PRP B-NP -privately RB B-ADVP -to TO B-PP -seven CD B-NP -Republican NNP I-NP -senators NNS I-NP -at IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -White NNP I-NP -House NNP I-NP -meeting NN I-NP -last JJ B-NP -Monday NNP I-NP -. . O - -Officials NNS B-NP -familiar JJ B-ADJP -with IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -meeting NN I-NP -said VBD B-VP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Bush NNP I-NP -cited VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -policy NN I-NP -as IN B-PP -an DT B-NP -example NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -sort NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -congressional JJ B-NP -requirements NNS I-NP -the DT B-NP -administration NN I-NP -contends VBZ B-VP -contribute VB B-VP -to TO B-PP -the DT B-NP -failure NN I-NP -of IN B-PP -such JJ B-NP -covert JJ I-NP -actions NNS I-NP -as IN B-PP -this DT B-NP -month NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -futile JJ I-NP -effort NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -oust VB I-VP -Panamanian JJ B-NP -dictator NN I-NP -Manuel NNP I-NP -Noriega NNP I-NP -. . O - -According VBG B-PP -to TO B-PP -the DT B-NP -officials NNS I-NP -, , O -Mr. NNP B-NP -Bush NNP I-NP -even RB B-ADVP -read VB B-VP -to TO B-PP -the DT B-NP -senators NNS I-NP -selections NNS B-NP -from IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -highly RB I-NP -classified VBN I-NP -letter NN I-NP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -committee NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -the DT B-NP -White NNP I-NP -House NNP I-NP -discussing VBG B-VP -the DT B-NP -guidelines NNS I-NP -. . O - -They PRP B-NP -said VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -president NN I-NP -conceded VBD B-VP -the DT B-NP -notification NN I-NP -requirement NN I-NP -did VBD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -affect VB I-VP -his PRP$ B-NP -decision NN I-NP -to TO B-VP -lend VB I-VP -only RB B-NP -minor JJ I-NP -support NN I-NP -to TO B-PP -this DT B-NP -month NN I-NP -'s POS B-NP -Panama NNP I-NP -coup NN I-NP -effort NN I-NP -. . O - -No DT B-NP -notification NN I-NP -was VBD B-VP -ever RB I-VP -considered VBN I-VP -, , O -officials NNS B-NP -said VBD B-VP -, , O -apparently RB B-ADVP -because IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -U.S. NNP I-NP -did VBD B-VP -n't RB I-VP -think VB I-VP -the DT B-NP -coup NN I-NP -plotters NNS I-NP -intended VBN B-VP -to TO I-VP -kill VB I-VP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Noriega NNP I-NP -, , O -but CC O -merely RB B-VP -sought VBD I-VP -to TO I-VP -imprison VB I-VP -him PRP B-NP -. . O - -What WP B-NP -'s VBZ B-VP -more JJR B-NP -, , O -both DT B-NP -administration NN B-NP -and CC O -congressional JJ B-NP -officials NNS I-NP -hint VBP B-VP -that IN B-SBAR -the DT B-NP -notification NN I-NP -requirement NN I-NP -is VBZ B-VP -likely JJ B-ADJP -to TO B-VP -be VB I-VP -dropped VBN I-VP -from IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -guidelines NNS I-NP -on IN B-PP -coup NN B-NP -attempts NNS I-NP -that WDT B-NP -are VBP B-VP -being VBG I-VP -rewritten VBN I-VP -by IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -panel NN I-NP -and CC O -the DT B-NP -White NNP I-NP -House NNP I-NP -. . O - -The DT B-NP -rewriting VBG I-NP -was VBD B-VP -launched VBN I-VP -at IN B-PP -a DT B-NP -meeting NN I-NP -between IN B-PP -Mr. NNP B-NP -Bush NNP I-NP -and CC O -intelligence NN B-NP -committee NN I-NP -leaders NNS I-NP -Oct. NNP B-NP -12 CD I-NP -, , O -a DT B-NP -few JJ I-NP -days NNS I-NP -before IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -meeting NN I-NP -at IN B-PP -which WDT B-NP -the DT B-NP -president NN I-NP -complained VBD B-VP -about IN B-PP -the DT B-NP -rules NNS I-NP -. . O - -However RB B-ADVP -, , O -the DT B-NP -disclosure NN I-NP -of IN B-PP diff --git a/paddle/trainer/tests/train_files.txt b/paddle/trainer/tests/train_files.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1c26891495..0000000000 --- a/paddle/trainer/tests/train_files.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -trainer/tests/train_proto.bin -- GitLab