Merge branch 'develop' of upstream into margin_rank_loss_op_dev

benchmark/paddle/image/provider.py

@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ def initHook(settings, height, width, color, num_class, **kwargs):
 def process(settings, file_list):
     for i in xrange(1024):
         img = np.random.rand(1, settings.data_size).reshape(-1, 1).flatten()
-        lab = random.randint(0, settings.num_class)
+        lab = random.randint(0, settings.num_class - 1)
         yield img.astype('float32'), int(lab)

benchmark/paddle/image/run_mkldnn.sh

+set -e
+
+unset OMP_NUM_THREADS MKL_NUM_THREADS
+export OMP_DYNAMIC="FALSE"
+export KMP_AFFINITY="granularity=fine,compact,0,0"
+
+function train() {
+  topology=$1
+  bs=$2
+  use_mkldnn=$3
+  if [ $3 == "True" ]; then
+    thread=1
+    log="logs/${topology}-mkldnn-${bs}.log"
+  elif [ $3 == "False" ]; then
+    thread=`nproc`
+    log="logs/${topology}-${thread}mklml-${bs}.log"
+  else
+    echo "Wrong input $3, use True or False."
+  fi
+  args="batch_size=${bs}"
+  config="${topology}.py"
+  paddle train --job=time \
+    --config=$config \
+    --use_mkldnn=$use_mkldnn \
+    --use_gpu=False \
+    --trainer_count=$thread \
+    --log_period=10 \
+    --test_period=100 \
+    --config_args=$args \
+    2>&1 | tee ${log} 
+}
+
+if [ ! -d "train.list" ]; then
+  echo " " > train.list
+fi
+if [ ! -d "logs" ]; then
+  mkdir logs
+fi
+
+#========== mkldnn ==========#
+train vgg 64 True
+train vgg 128 True
+train vgg 256 True
+
+#========== mklml ===========#
+train vgg 64 False
+train vgg 128 False
+train vgg 256 False

benchmark/paddle/image/vgg.py

+#!/usr/bin/env python
+from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
+
+height = 224
+width = 224
+num_class = 1000
+batch_size = get_config_arg('batch_size', int, 64)
+layer_num = get_config_arg('layer_num', int, 19)
+
+args = {'height': height, 'width': width, 'color': True, 'num_class': num_class}
+define_py_data_sources2(
+    "train.list", None, module="provider", obj="process", args=args)
+
+settings(
+    batch_size=batch_size,
+    learning_rate=0.01 / batch_size,
+    learning_method=MomentumOptimizer(0.9),
+    regularization=L2Regularization(0.0005 * batch_size))
+
+img = data_layer(name='image', size=height * width * 3)
+
+
+def vgg_network(vgg_num=3):
+    tmp = img_conv_group(
+        input=img,
+        num_channels=3,
+        conv_padding=1,
+        conv_num_filter=[64, 64],
+        conv_filter_size=3,
+        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
+        pool_size=2,
+        pool_stride=2,
+        pool_type=MaxPooling())
+
+    tmp = img_conv_group(
+        input=tmp,
+        conv_num_filter=[128, 128],
+        conv_padding=1,
+        conv_filter_size=3,
+        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
+        pool_stride=2,
+        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
+        pool_size=2)
+
+    channels = []
+    for i in range(vgg_num):
+        channels.append(256)
+    tmp = img_conv_group(
+        input=tmp,
+        conv_num_filter=channels,
+        conv_padding=1,
+        conv_filter_size=3,
+        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
+        pool_stride=2,
+        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
+        pool_size=2)
+    channels = []
+    for i in range(vgg_num):
+        channels.append(512)
+    tmp = img_conv_group(
+        input=tmp,
+        conv_num_filter=channels,
+        conv_padding=1,
+        conv_filter_size=3,
+        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
+        pool_stride=2,
+        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
+        pool_size=2)
+    tmp = img_conv_group(
+        input=tmp,
+        conv_num_filter=channels,
+        conv_padding=1,
+        conv_filter_size=3,
+        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
+        pool_stride=2,
+        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
+        pool_size=2)
+
+    tmp = fc_layer(
+        input=tmp,
+        size=4096,
+        act=ReluActivation(),
+        layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.5))
+
+    tmp = fc_layer(
+        input=tmp,
+        size=4096,
+        act=ReluActivation(),
+        layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.5))
+
+    return fc_layer(input=tmp, size=num_class, act=SoftmaxActivation())
+
+
+if layer_num == 16:
+    vgg = vgg_network(3)
+elif layer_num == 19:
+    vgg = vgg_network(4)
+else:
+    print("Wrong layer number.")
+
+lab = data_layer('label', num_class)
+loss = cross_entropy(input=vgg, label=lab)
+outputs(loss)

cmake/generic.cmake

@@ -106,22 +106,22 @@ function(merge_static_libs TARGET_NAME)
   endforeach()
   list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES libs_deps)
 
-  if(APPLE) # Use OSX's libtool to merge archives
-    # To produce a library we need at least one source file.
-    # It is created by add_custom_command below and will helps
-    # also help to track dependencies.
-    set(dummyfile ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${TARGET_NAME}_dummy.c)
+  # To produce a library we need at least one source file.
+  # It is created by add_custom_command below and will helps
+  # also help to track dependencies.
+  set(target_SRCS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${TARGET_NAME}_dummy.c)
 
+  if(APPLE) # Use OSX's libtool to merge archives
     # Make the generated dummy source file depended on all static input
     # libs. If input lib changes,the source file is touched
     # which causes the desired effect (relink).
-    add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${dummyfile}
-      COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${dummyfile}
+    add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${target_SRCS}
+      COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${target_SRCS}
       DEPENDS ${libs})
 
     # Generate dummy staic lib
-    file(WRITE ${dummyfile} "const char * dummy = \"${dummyfile}\";")
-    add_library(${TARGET_NAME} STATIC ${dummyfile})
+    file(WRITE ${target_SRCS} "const char *dummy = \"${target_SRCS}\";")
+    add_library(${TARGET_NAME} STATIC ${target_SRCS})
     target_link_libraries(${TARGET_NAME} ${libs_deps})
 
     foreach(lib ${libs})
@@ -130,11 +130,14 @@ function(merge_static_libs TARGET_NAME)
     endforeach()
     add_custom_command(TARGET ${TARGET_NAME} POST_BUILD
       COMMAND rm "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/lib${TARGET_NAME}.a"
-      COMMAND /usr/bin/libtool -static -o "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/lib${TARGET_NAME}.a" ${libfiles})
+      COMMAND /usr/bin/libtool -static -o "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/lib${TARGET_NAME}.a" ${libfiles}
+      )
   else() # general UNIX: use "ar" to extract objects and re-add to a common lib
+    set(target_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${TARGET_NAME}.dir)
+
     foreach(lib ${libs})
-      set(objlistfile ${lib}.objlist) # list of objects in the input library
-      set(objdir ${lib}.objdir)
+      set(objlistfile ${target_DIR}/${lib}.objlist) # list of objects in the input library
+      set(objdir ${target_DIR}/${lib}.objdir)
 
       add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${objdir}
         COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory ${objdir}
@@ -142,31 +145,32 @@ function(merge_static_libs TARGET_NAME)
 
       add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${objlistfile}
         COMMAND ${CMAKE_AR} -x "$<TARGET_FILE:${lib}>"
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_AR} -t "$<TARGET_FILE:${lib}>" > ../${objlistfile}
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_AR} -t "$<TARGET_FILE:${lib}>" > ${objlistfile}
         DEPENDS ${lib} ${objdir}
         WORKING_DIRECTORY ${objdir})
 
-      # Empty dummy source file that goes into merged library		
-      set(mergebase ${lib}.mergebase.c)		
-      add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${mergebase}		
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${mergebase}		
-        DEPENDS ${objlistfile})		
-
-      list(APPEND mergebases "${mergebase}")
+      list(APPEND target_OBJS "${objlistfile}")
     endforeach()
 
-    add_library(${TARGET_NAME} STATIC ${mergebases})
+    # Make the generated dummy source file depended on all static input
+    # libs. If input lib changes,the source file is touched
+    # which causes the desired effect (relink).
+    add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${target_SRCS}
+      COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${target_SRCS}
+      DEPENDS ${libs} ${target_OBJS})
+
+    # Generate dummy staic lib
+    file(WRITE ${target_SRCS} "const char *dummy = \"${target_SRCS}\";")
+    add_library(${TARGET_NAME} STATIC ${target_SRCS})
     target_link_libraries(${TARGET_NAME} ${libs_deps})
 
     # Get the file name of the generated library
-    set(outlibfile "$<TARGET_FILE:${TARGET_NAME}>")
+    set(target_LIBNAME "$<TARGET_FILE:${TARGET_NAME}>")
 
-    foreach(lib ${libs})
-      add_custom_command(TARGET ${TARGET_NAME} POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_AR} cr ${outlibfile} *.o
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_RANLIB} ${outlibfile}
-        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${lib}.objdir)
-    endforeach()
+    add_custom_command(TARGET ${TARGET_NAME} POST_BUILD
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_AR} crs ${target_LIBNAME} `find ${target_DIR} -name '*.o'`
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_RANLIB} ${target_LIBNAME}
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${target_DIR})
   endif()
 endfunction(merge_static_libs)
 
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ function(cc_library TARGET_NAME)
     add_style_check_target(${TARGET_NAME} ${cc_library_SRCS} ${cc_library_HEADERS})
 
   else(cc_library_SRCS)
-    if (cc_library_DEPS)
+    if(cc_library_DEPS)
       merge_static_libs(${TARGET_NAME} ${cc_library_DEPS})
     else()
       message(FATAL "Please specify source file or library in cc_library.")
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ function(nv_library TARGET_NAME)
       foreach(source_file ${nv_library_SRCS})
         string(REGEX REPLACE "\\.[^.]*$" "" source ${source_file})
         if(EXISTS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${source}.h)
-          list(APPEND cc_library_HEADERS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${source}.h)
+          list(APPEND nv_library_HEADERS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${source}.h)
         endif()
       endforeach()
       add_style_check_target(${TARGET_NAME} ${nv_library_SRCS} ${nv_library_HEADERS})

cmake/util.cmake

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ function(target_circle_link_libraries TARGET_NAME)
             endif()
         endforeach()
         if("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang" OR "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "AppleClang")
-            if(IOS AND NOT IOS_ENABLE_BITCODE)
+            if(NOT IOS_ENABLE_BITCODE)
                 list(APPEND LIBS "-undefined dynamic_lookup")
             endif()
         endif()
@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ function(link_paddle_exe TARGET_NAME)
         target_link_libraries(${TARGET_NAME} log)
     endif(ANDROID)
 
+    if(WITH_MKLDNN AND WITH_MKLML AND MKLDNN_IOMP_DIR)
+      target_link_libraries(${TARGET_NAME} "-L${MKLDNN_IOMP_DIR} -liomp5 -Wl,--as-needed")
+    endif()
+
     add_dependencies(${TARGET_NAME} ${external_project_dependencies})
 endfunction()
 

doc/design/refactor/distributed_architecture.md

+# Design Doc: Distributed Training Architecture
+
+## Abstract
+
+PaddlePaddle v0.10.0 uses the "trainer-parameter server"
+architecture. We run multiple replicated instances of trainers (runs
+the same code written by the user) and parameter servers for
+distributed training. This architecture served us well, but has some
+limitations:
+
+1. Need to write special code to handle tasks which should only be run
+  by a single trainer. E.g., initializing model and saving model.
+
+2. Model parallelism is hard: need to write if-else branches conditioned
+  on the trainer ID to partition model onto each trainer, and manually
+  write the inter-model-shard communication code.
+
+3. The user can not directly specify the parameter update rule: need
+   to modify the parameter server C++ code and compile a new
+   binary. This adds complication for researchers: A lot of extra
+   effort is required. Besides, the training job submission program
+   may not allow running arbitrary binaries.
+
+This design doc discusses PaddlePaddle's new distributed training
+architecture that addresses the above limitations.
+
+## Analysis
+
+We will assume the user writes the trainer program by Python, the same
+analysis holds if the trainer program is written in C++.
+
+### Limitation 1
+
+If we look at the Python code that the user writes, there are two
+kinds of functionalities:
+
+- The training logic such as load / save model and print log.
+- The neural network definition such as the definition of the data
+  layer, the fully connected layer, the cost function and the
+  optimizer.
+
+When we training with PaddlePaddle v0.10.0 distributedly, multiple
+replicated Python instances are running on different nodes: both the
+training logic and the neural network computation is replicated.
+
+The tasks that should only run once all belong to the training logic,
+if we only replicate the neural network computation, but do **not**
+replicate the training logic, the limitation could be solved.
+
+### Limitation 2
+
+Model parallelism means running a single model on multiple nodes by
+partitioning the model onto different nodes and managing the
+inter-model-shard communications.
+
+PaddlePaddle should be able to modify the nerual network computation
+definition to support model parallelism automatically. However, the
+computation is only specified in Python code, and PaddlePaddle can not
+modify Python code.
+
+Just like compiler uses a intermediate representation (IR) so that
+programmer does not need to manually optimize their code in most of
+the cases - the compiler will optimize the IR:
+
+<img src="src/compiler.png"/>
+
+We can have our own IR too: PaddlePaddle can support model parallel by
+converting the IR so the user no longer need to manually do it in
+Python:
+
+<img src="src/paddle-compile.png"/>
+
+The IR for PaddlePaddle after refactor is called `Block`, it specifies
+the computation dependency graph and the variables used in the
+computation.
+
+### Limitation 3
+
+The user can not directly specify the parameter update rule for the
+parameter server because the parameter server does not use the same
+computation definition as the trainer. Instead, the update rule is
+baked in the parameter server. The user can not specify the update
+rule in the same way of specifying the trainer computation.
+
+This could be fixed by making the parameter server run the same
+computation definition as the trainer. For a detailed explanation,
+please
+see
+[Design Doc: Operation Graph Based Parameter Server](./dist_train.md)
+
+## Distributed Training Architecture
+
+The new distributed training architecture can address the above
+limitations. Below is the illustration:
+
+<img src="src/distributed_architecture.png"/>
+
+The architecture includes major components: *PaddlePaddle Python*,
+*PaddlePaddle converter* and *PaddlePaddle runtime*:
+
+### PaddlePaddle Python
+
+PaddlePaddle Python is the Python library that user's Python trainer
+invoke to build the neural network topology, start training, etc.
+
+```Python
+paddle.init()
+input = paddle.op.recordIO("/home/data/mnist.recordio") # file stored on the cluster
+img, label = input[0], input[1]
+hidden = paddle.layer.fc(input=img, size=200, act=paddle.activation.Tanh())
+prediction = paddle.layer.fc(input=img, size=10, act=paddle.activation.Softmax())
+cost = paddle.layer.classification_cost(input=prediction, label=label)
+optimizer = paddle.optimizer.SGD(cost, learning_rate=0.01)
+session = paddle.session.NewRemote(num_trainer=3, num_ps=2, GPU_per_trainer=1)
+for i in range(1000):
+	_, cost_val = session.eval(targets=[cost, optimizer])
+	print cost_val
+```
+
+The code above is a typical Python trainer code, the neural network
+topology is built using helper functions such as
+`paddle.layer.fc`. The training is done by calling `session.eval`
+iteratively.
+
+#### session.eval
+
+As shown in the graph, `session.eval` sends the IR and the evaluation
+inputs/targets to the PaddlePaddle cluster for evaluation. The
+targets can be any variable in the computation graph. When the target
+is the `optimizer` variable, the neural network will be optimized
+once. When the target is the `cost` variable, `session.eval` returns
+the cost value.
+
+The Python `session` is a wrapper of the C++ `Session` class. For more
+information about `Session`, please
+see [Design Doc: Session](./session.md).
+
+### PaddlePaddle Converter
+
+PaddlePaddle converter automatically converts the IR in the request
+(IR and evaluation inputs/targets) from PaddlePaddle Python to new
+partitioned IRs and dispatch the new IRs and evaluation inputs/targets
+to different PaddlePaddle runtimes. Below are the steps:
+
+1. Add `feed` OP that feeds the eval inputs, and `fetch` OP that
+   fetches the eval targets to the IR.
+
+1. Extract a new computation (sub)graph with `feed` and `fetch` OP as
+   the boundary. The runtime does not need to run the OP that is not
+   dependent by the `fetch` OP.
+
+1. Optimizes the computation graph.
+
+1. Place the OPs in the graph onto different devices on different
+   PaddlePaddle runtime according to a placement algorithm and device
+   constraint specified by the user.
+
+1. Partition the graph according to runtime boundaries and add `send` /
+   `recv` OP pair on the runtime boundaries.
+
+1. Dispatch the partitioned graph to different PaddlePaddle runtimes.
+
+1. PaddlePaddle runtimes with the `fetch` OP reports evaluation
+   results back to the converter, the convert reports the evaluation
+   results back to the PaddlePaddle Python.
+   
+The output IRs will be cached to optimize the conversion latency.
+
+
+#### Placement Algorithm
+
+Our first implementation will only support "trainer-parameter server"
+placement: the parameters, initializers, and optimizers are placed on
+the PaddlePaddle runtimes with the parameter server role. And
+everything else will be placed on the PaddlePaddle runtimes with the
+trainer role. This has the same functionality of our
+"trainer-parameter server" architecture of PaddlePaddle v0.10.0, but
+is more general and flexible.
+
+In the future, we will implement the general placement algorithm,
+which makes placements according to the input IR, and a model of
+device computation time and device communication time. Model
+parallelism requires the general placement algorithm.
+
+
+### PaddlePaddle Runtime
+
+The PaddlePaddle runtime owns multiple devices (e.g., CPUs, GPUs) and
+runs the IR. The runtime does not need to do OP placement since it's
+already done by the converter.
+
+
+### Local Training Architecture
+
+The local training architecture will be the same as the distributed
+training architecture, the differences are everything runs locally,
+and there is just one PaddlePaddle runtime:
+
+<img src="src/local_architecture.png"/>
+
+
+### Training Data
+
+In PaddlePaddle v0.10.0, training data is typically read
+with [data reader](../reader/README.md) from Python. This approach is
+no longer efficient when training distributedly since the Python
+process no longer runs on the same node with the trainer processes,
+the Python reader will need to read from the distributed filesystem
+(assuming it has the access) and send to the trainers, doubling the
+network traffic.
+
+When doing distributed training, the user can still use Python data
+reader: the training data are sent with `session.eval`. However should
+be used for debugging purpose only. The users are encouraged to use
+the read data OPs.
+
+
+## References:
+
+[1] [TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/45166.pdf)
+
+[2] [TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi16/osdi16-abadi.pdf)

doc/faq/index_cn.rst

@@ -158,17 +158,23 @@ PaddlePaddle的参数使用名字 :code:`name` 作为参数的ID，相同名字
 
 这里 :code:`hidden_a` 和 :code:`hidden_b` 使用了同样的parameter和bias。并且softmax层的两个输入也使用了同样的参数 :code:`softmax_param`。
 
-7. \*-cp27mu-linux_x86_64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.
+7. paddlepaddle\*.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-出现这个问题的主要原因是，系统编译wheel包的时候，使用的 :code:`wheel` 包是最新的，
-而系统中的 :code:`pip` 包比较老。具体的解决方法是，更新 :code:`pip` 包并重新编译PaddlePaddle。
+出现这个问题的主要原因是，没有找到和当前系统匹配的paddlepaddle安装包。最新的paddlepaddle python安装包支持Linux x86_64和MacOS 10.12操作系统，并安装了python 2.7和pip 9.0.1。
+
 更新 :code:`pip` 包的方法是\:
 
 ..  code-block:: bash
 
     pip install --upgrade pip
 
+如果还不行，可以执行 :code:`python -c "import pip; print(pip.pep425tags.get_supported())"` 获取当前系统支持的python包的后缀，
+并对比是否和正在安装的后缀一致。
+
+如果系统支持的是 :code:`linux_x86_64` 而安装包是 :code:`manylinux1_x86_64` ，需要升级pip版本到最新；
+如果系统支持 :code:`manylinux1_x86_64` 而安装包（本地）是 :code:`linux_x86_64` ，可以重命名这个whl包为 :code:`manylinux1_x86_64` 再安装。
+
 8.  python相关的单元测试都过不了
 --------------------------------
 
@@ -241,11 +247,11 @@ PaddlePaddle的参数使用名字 :code:`name` 作为参数的ID，相同名字
 
     CMake Warning at cmake/version.cmake:20 (message):
       Cannot add paddle version from git tag
-          
+
 那么用户需要拉取所有的远程分支到本机，命令为 :code:`git fetch upstream`，然后重新cmake即可。
 
 12. A protocol message was rejected because it was too big
-----------------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------------------------------
 
 如果在训练NLP相关模型时，出现以下错误：
 
@@ -310,10 +316,42 @@ Paddle二进制在运行时捕获了浮点数异常，只要出现浮点数异
 * 模型一直不收敛，发散到了一个数值特别大的地方。
 * 训练数据有问题，导致参数收敛到了一些奇异的情况。或者输入数据尺度过大，有些特征的取值达到数百万，这时进行矩阵乘法运算就可能导致浮点数溢出。
 
-主要的解决办法是减小学习律或者对数据进行归一化处理。
+这里有两种有效的解决方法：
+
+1. 设置 :code:`gradient_clipping_threshold` 参数，示例代码如下：
+
+..  code-block:: python
+
+optimizer = paddle.optimizer.RMSProp(
+    learning_rate=1e-3,
+    gradient_clipping_threshold=10.0,
+    regularization=paddle.optimizer.L2Regularization(rate=8e-4))
+
+具体可以参考  `nmt_without_attention  <https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/models/blob/develop/nmt_without_attention/train.py#L35>`_ 示例。
+
+2. 设置 :code:`error_clipping_threshold` 参数，示例代码如下：
+
+..  code-block:: python
+
+decoder_inputs = paddle.layer.fc(
+    act=paddle.activation.Linear(),
+    size=decoder_size * 3,
+    bias_attr=False,
+    input=[context, current_word],
+    layer_attr=paddle.attr.ExtraLayerAttribute(
+        error_clipping_threshold=100.0))
+
+完整代码可以参考示例 `machine translation <https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/book/blob/develop/08.machine_translation/train.py#L66>`_ 。
+
+两种方法的区别：
+
+1. 两者都是对梯度的截断，但截断时机不同，前者在 :code:`optimzier` 更新网络参数时应用；后者在激活函数反向计算时被调用；
+2. 截断对象不同：前者截断可学习参数的梯度，后者截断回传给前层的梯度;
+
+除此之外，还可以通过减小学习律或者对数据进行归一化处理来解决这类问题。
 
 15. 编译安装后执行 import paddle.v2 as paddle 报ImportError: No module named v2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 先查看一下是否曾经安装过paddle v1版本，有的话需要先卸载：
 
 pip uninstall py_paddle paddle
@@ -323,7 +361,7 @@ pip uninstall py_paddle paddle
 pip install python/dist/paddle*.whl && pip install ../paddle/dist/py_paddle*.whl
 
 16. PaddlePaddle存储的参数格式是什么，如何和明文进行相互转化
----------------------------------------------------------
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 PaddlePaddle保存的模型参数文件内容由16字节头信息和网络参数两部分组成。头信息中，1~4字节表示PaddlePaddle版本信息，请直接填充0；5~8字节表示每个参数占用的字节数，当保存的网络参数为float类型时为4，double类型时为8；9~16字节表示保存的参数总个数。
 
@@ -373,3 +411,182 @@ PaddlePaddle保存的模型参数文件内容由16字节头信息和网络参数
 
     parameters = paddle.parameters.create(my_cost)
     parameters.set('emb', load_parameter(emb_param_file, 30000, 256))
+
+18. 集群多节点训练，日志中保存均为网络通信类错误
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+集群多节点训练，日志报错为网络通信类错误，比如 :code:`Connection reset by peer` 等。
+此类报错通常是由于某一个节点的错误导致这个节点的训练进程退出，从而引发其他节点无法连接导致，可以参考下面的步骤排查：
+
+* 从 :code:`train.log` ， :code:`server.log` 找到最早报错的地方，查看是否是其他错误引发的报错（比如FPE，内存不足，磁盘空间不足等）。
+
+* 如果发现最早的报错就是网络通信的问题，很有可能是非独占方式执行导致的端口冲突，可以联系OP，看当前MPI集群是否支持resource=full参数提交，如果支持增加此参数提交，并更换job 端口。
+
+* 如果当前MPI集群并不支持任务独占模式，可以联系OP是否可以更换集群或升级当前集群。
+
+19.  如何调用 infer 接口输出多个layer的预测结果
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+* 将需要输出的层作为 :code:`paddle.inference.Inference()` 接口的 :code:`output_layer` 参数输入，代码如下：
+
+..  code-block:: python
+
+    inferer = paddle.inference.Inference(output_layer=[layer1, layer2], parameters=parameters)
+
+* 指定要输出的字段进行输出。以输出 :code:`value` 字段为例，代码如下：
+
+..  code-block:: python
+
+    out = inferer.infer(input=data_batch, field=["value"])
+
+需要注意的是：
+
+* 如果指定了2个layer作为输出层，实际上需要的输出结果是两个矩阵；
+* 假设第一个layer的输出A是一个 N1 * M1 的矩阵，第二个 Layer 的输出B是一个 N2 * M2 的矩阵；
+* paddle.v2 默认会将A和B 横向拼接，当N1 和 N2 大小不一样时，会报如下的错误：
+
+..      code-block:: python
+
+    ValueError: all the input array dimensions except for the concatenation axis must match exactly
+
+多个层的输出矩阵的高度不一致导致拼接失败，这种情况常常发生在：
+
+* 同时输出序列层和非序列层；
+* 多个输出层处理多个不同长度的序列;
+
+此时可以在调用infer接口时通过设置 :code:`flatten_result=False` , 跳过“拼接”步骤，来解决上面的问题。这时，infer接口的返回值是一个python list:
+
+* list 中元素的个数等于网络中输出层的个数；
+* list 中每个元素是一个layer的输出结果矩阵，类型是numpy的ndarray；
+* 每一个layer输出矩阵的高度，在非序列输入时：等于样本数；序列输入时等于：输入序列中元素的总数；宽度等于配置中layer的size；
+
+20. :code:`paddle.layer.memory` 的参数 :code:`name` 如何使用
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.memory` 用于获取特定layer上一时间步的输出，该layer是通过参数 :code:`name` 指定，即，:code:`paddle.layer.memory` 会关联参数 :code:`name` 取值相同的layer，并将该layer上一时间步的输出作为自身当前时间步的输出。
+
+* PaddlePaddle的所有layer都有唯一的name，用户通过参数 :code:`name` 设定，当用户没有显式设定时，PaddlePaddle会自动设定。而 :code:`paddle.layer.memory` 不是真正的layer，其name由参数 :code:`memory_name` 设定，当用户没有显式设定时，PaddlePaddle会自动设定。:code:`paddle.layer.memory` 的参数 :code:`name` 用于指定其要关联的layer，需要用户显式设定。
+
+21. 两种使用 drop_out 的方法有何区别？
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+* 在PaddlePaddle中使用dropout有两种方式
+
+  * 在相应layer的 :code:`layer_atter` 设置 :code:`drop_rate`，以 :code:`paddle.layer.fc` 为例，代码如下：
+
+  ..  code-block:: python
+
+      fc = paddle.layer.fc(input=input, layer_attr=paddle.attr.ExtraLayerAttribute(drop_rate=0.5))
+
+  * 使用 :code:`paddle.layer.dropout`，以 :code:`paddle.layer.fc` 为例，代码如下：
+
+  ..  code-block:: python
+
+      fc = paddle.layer.fc(input=input)
+      drop_fc = paddle.layer.dropout(input=fc, dropout_rate=0.5)
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.dropout` 实际上使用了 :code:`paddle.layer.add_to`，并在该layer里采用第一种方式设置 :code:`drop_rate` 来使用dropout的。这种方式对内存消耗较大。
+
+* PaddlePaddle在激活函数里实现dropout，而不是在layer里实现。
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.lstmemory`、:code:`paddle.layer.grumemory`、:code:`paddle.layer.recurrent` 不是通过一般的方式来实现对输出的激活，所以不能采用第一种方式在这几个layer里设置 :code:`drop_rate` 来使用dropout。若要对这几个layer使用dropout，可采用第二种方式，即使用 :code:`paddle.layer.dropout`。
+
+22. 如何设置学习率退火（learning rate annealing）
+------------------------------------------------
+
+在相应的优化算法里设置learning_rate_schedule及相关参数，以使用Adam算法为例，代码如下：
+
+..  code-block:: python
+
+    optimizer = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
+        learning_rate=1e-3,
+        learning_rate_decay_a=0.5,
+        learning_rate_decay_b=0.75,
+        learning_rate_schedule="poly",)
+
+PaddlePaddle目前支持8种learning_rate_schedule，这8种learning_rate_schedule及其对应学习率计算方式如下：
+
+* "constant"
+
+  lr = learning_rate
+
+* "poly"
+
+  lr = learning_rate * pow(1 + learning_rate_decay_a * num_samples_processed, -learning_rate_decay_b)
+
+  其中，num_samples_processed为已训练样本数，下同。
+
+* "caffe_poly"
+
+  lr = learning_rate * pow(1.0 - num_samples_processed / learning_rate_decay_a, learning_rate_decay_b)
+
+* "exp"
+
+  lr = learning_rate * pow(learning_rate_decay_a, num_samples_processed / learning_rate_decay_b)
+
+* "discexp"
+
+  lr = learning_rate * pow(learning_rate_decay_a, floor(num_samples_processed / learning_rate_decay_b))
+
+* "linear"
+
+  lr = max(learning_rate - learning_rate_decay_a * num_samples_processed, learning_rate_decay_b)
+
+* "manual"
+
+  这是一种按已训练样本数分段取值的学习率退火方法。使用该learning_rate_schedule时，用户通过参数 :code:`learning_rate_args` 设置学习率衰减因子分段函数，当前的学习率为所设置 :code:`learning_rate` 与当前的衰减因子的乘积。以使用Adam算法为例，代码如下：
+
+  ..  code-block:: python
+
+      optimizer = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
+          learning_rate=1e-3,
+          learning_rate_schedule="manual",
+          learning_rate_args="1000:1.0,2000:0.9,3000:0.8",)
+
+  在该示例中，当已训练样本数小于等于1000时，学习率为 :code:`1e-3 * 1.0`；当已训练样本数大于1000小于等于2000时，学习率为 :code:`1e-3 * 0.9`；当已训练样本数大于2000时，学习率为 :code:`1e-3 * 0.8`。
+
+* "pass_manual"
+
+  这是一种按已训练pass数分段取值的学习率退火方法。使用该learning_rate_schedule时，用户通过参数 :code:`learning_rate_args` 设置学习率衰减因子分段函数，当前的学习率为所设置 :code:`learning_rate` 与当前的衰减因子的乘积。以使用Adam算法为例，代码如下：
+
+  ..  code-block:: python
+
+      optimizer = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
+          learning_rate=1e-3,
+          learning_rate_schedule="manual",
+          learning_rate_args="1:1.0,2:0.9,3:0.8",)
+
+  在该示例中，当已训练pass数小于等于1时，学习率为 :code:`1e-3 * 1.0`；当已训练pass数大于1小于等于2时，学习率为 :code:`1e-3 * 0.9`；当已训练pass数大于2时，学习率为 :code:`1e-3 * 0.8`。
+
+23. 出现 :code:`Duplicated layer name` 错误怎么办
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+出现该错误的原因一般是用户对不同layer的参数 :code:`name` 设置了相同的取值。遇到该错误时，先找出参数 :code:`name` 取值相同的layer，然后将这些layer的参数 :code:`name` 设置为不同的值。
+
+24. PaddlePaddle 中不同的 recurrent layer 的区别
+--------------------------------------------------
+以LSTM为例，在PaddlePaddle中包含以下 recurrent layer：
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.lstmemory`
+* :code:`paddle.networks.simple_lstm`
+* :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_group`
+* :code:`paddle.networks.bidirectional_lstm`
+
+按照具体实现方式可以归纳为2类：
+
+1. 由 recurrent_group 实现的 recurrent layer：
+
+  * 用户在使用这一类recurrent layer时，可以访问由recurrent unit在一个时间步内计算得到的中间值（例如：hidden states, memory cells等）；
+  * 上述的 :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_group` 是这一类的 recurrent layer ；
+
+2. 将recurrent layer作为一个整体来实现：
+
+  * 用户在使用这一类recurrent layer，只能访问它们的输出值；
+  * 上述的 :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_group` 、 :code:`paddle.networks.simple_lstm` 和 :code:`paddle.networks.bidirectional_lstm` 属于这一类的实现；
+
+将recurrent layer作为一个整体来实现， 能够针对CPU和GPU的计算做更多优化， 所以相比于recurrent group的实现方式， 第二类 recurrent layer 计算效率更高。 在实际应用中，如果用户不需要访问LSTM的中间变量，而只需要获得recurrent layer计算的输出，我们建议使用第二类实现。
+
+此外，关于LSTM, PaddlePaddle中还包含 :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_unit` 这一计算单元：
+
+  * 不同于上述介绍的recurrent layer , :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_unit` 定义了LSTM单元在一个时间步内的计算过程，它并不是一个完整的recurrent layer，也不能接收序列数据作为输入；
+  * :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_unit` 只能在recurrent_group中作为step function使用；

doc/getstarted/build_and_install/docker_install_cn.rst

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Docker使用入门
 		  
      docker pull paddlepaddle/paddle:0.10.0
 
-  来下载Docker镜像，paddlepaddle/paddle是从官方镜像源Dockerhub.com下载的，推荐国内用户使用ocker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle下载。
+  来下载Docker镜像，paddlepaddle/paddle是从官方镜像源Dockerhub.com下载的，推荐国内用户使用docker.paddlepaddle.org/paddle下载。
 
 - *容器*： 如果说一个Docker镜像就是一个程序，那容器就是这个程序运行时产生的“进程”。
   实际上，一个容器就是一个操作系统的进程，但是是运行在独立的进程空间，文件系统以及网络之上。

doc/howto/dev/new_op_en.md

+# How to write a new operator
+
+ - [Background](#Background)
+ - [Implementing C++ Types](#Implementing_C++_Types)
+   - [Defining ProtoMaker](#Defining_ProtoMaker)
+   - [Defining Operator](#Defining_Operator)
+   - [Registering Operator](#Registering_Operator)
+   - [Compilation](#Compilation)
+ - [Python Binding](#Python_Binding)
+ - [Unit Tests](#Unit_Tests)
+
+## Background
+
+Here are the base types needed. For details, please refer to the design docs.
+
+- `framework::OperatorBase`: Operator (Op)base class.
+- `framework::OpKernel`: Base class for Op computation.
+- `framework::OperatorWithKernel`: Inherited from OperatorBase, describing an operator with computation.
+- `class OpProtoAndCheckerMaker`: Describes an Operator's input, output, attributes and description, mainly used to interface with Python API.
+
+An operator can be differentiated by whether in has kernel methods. An operator with kernel inherits from `OperatorWithKernel` while the ones without inherit from `OperatorBase`. This tutorial focuses on implementing operators with kernels. In short, an operator includes the following information:
+
+
+ Information           | Where is it defined
+--------------  | :----------------------
+OpProtoMake definition  | `.cc`files, Backward Op does not need an OpProtoMake interface.
+Op definition           | `.cc` files
+Kernel implementation       | The kernel methods shared between CPU and GPU are defined in `.h` files. CPU-specific kernels live in `.cc` files, while GPU-specific kernels are implemented in `.cu`files.
+Registering the Op           | Ops are registered in `.cc` files; For Kernel registration, `.cc` files contain the CPU implementation, while `.cu` files contain the GPU implementation.
+
+
+New Operator implementations are added to the list [paddle/operators](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/tree/develop/paddle/operators), with file names in the format `*_op.h` (if applicable), `*_op.cc`, `*_op.cu` (if applicable).** The system will use the naming scheme to automatically build operators and their corresponding Python extensions. **
+
+
+Let's take matrix multiplication operator, [MulOp](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/mul_op.cc), as an example to introduce the writing of an Operator with Kernel.
+
+
+## Implementing C++ Types
+
+
+### 1. Defining Class ProtoMaker
+
+Matrix Multiplication can be written as $Out = X * Y$, meaning that the operation consists of two inputs and pne output.
+
+First, define `ProtoMaker` to describe the Operator's input, output, and additional comments:
+
+```cpp
+class MulOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  MulOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto, framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("X", "(Tensor), 2D tensor of size (M x K)");
+    AddInput("Y", "(Tensor), 2D tensor of size (K x N)");
+    AddOutput("Out", "(Tensor), 2D tensor of size (M x N)");
+    AddComment(R"DOC(
+Two Element Mul Operator.
+The equation is: Out = X * Y
+)DOC");
+  }
+};
+```
+
+[`MulOpMaker`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/mul_op.cc#L43)is inherited from`framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker`, consisting of 2 variables in the constructor：
+
+   - `framework::OpProto` stores Operator input and variable attribute, used for generating Python API interfaces.
+   - `framework::OpAttrChecker` is used to validate variable attributes.
+
+The constructor utilizes `AddInput`, `AddOutput`, and `AddComment`, so that the corresponding information will be added to `OpProto`.
+
+The code above adds two inputs `X` and `Y` to `MulOp`, an output `Out`, and their corresponding descriptions, in accordance to Paddle's [naming convention](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/name_convention.md).
+
+
+An additional example [`ScaleOp`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/scale_op.cc#L37) is implemented as follows:
+
+```cpp
+template <typename AttrType>
+class ScaleOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  ScaleOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto, framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("X", "The input tensor of scale operator.").NotInGradient();
+    AddOutput("Out", "The output tensor of scale operator.").NotInGradient();
+    AddComment(R"DOC(Scale operator
+The equation is: Out = scale*X
+)DOC");
+    AddAttr<AttrType>("scale", "scale of scale operator.").SetDefault(1.0);
+  }
+};
+```
+
+There are two changes in this example:
+
+- `AddInput("X","...").NotInGradient()` expresses that input `X` is not involved in `ScaleOp`'s corresponding computation. If an input to an operator is not participating in back-propagation, please explicitly set `.NotInGradient()`.
+
+- `AddAttr<AttrType>("scale", "...").SetDefault(1.0);`  adds `scale`constant as an attribute, and sets the default value to 1.0.
+
+
+### 2. Defining Operator
+
+The following code defines the interface for MulOp:
+
+```cpp
+class MulOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+ protected:
+  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
+    auto dim0 = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
+    auto dim1 = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims();
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(dim0.size(), 2,
+                      "input X(%s) should be a tensor with 2 dims, a matrix",
+                      ctx.op_.Input("X"));
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(dim1.size(), 2,
+                      "input Y(%s) should be a tensor with 2 dims, a matrix",
+                      ctx.op_.Input("Y"));
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
+        dim0[1], dim1[0],
+        "First matrix's width must be equal with second matrix's height.");
+    ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out")->Resize({dim0[0], dim1[1]});
+  }
+};
+```
+
+[`MulOp`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/mul_op.cc#L22) is inherited from `OperatorWithKernel`. Its `public` member
+
+```cpp
+using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+```
+
+expresses an operator constructor using base class `OperatorWithKernel`, alternatively written as
+
+```cpp
+MulOp(const std::string &type, const framework::VariableNameMap &inputs,
+      const framework::VariableNameMap &outputs,
+      const framework::AttributeMap &attrs)
+  : OperatorWithKernel(type, inputs, outputs, attrs) {}
+```
+
+`InferShape` interface needs to be re-written.`InferShape` is a constant method and cannot modify Op's member variables, its constant member `const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx` can be used to extract input, output, and attributes. It functions to
+
+  - 1). validate and error out early: it checks input data dimensions and types.
+  - 2). configures the tensor shape in the output.
+
+Usually `OpProtoMaker` and `Op`'s type definitions are written in `.cc` files, which also include the registration methods introduced later.
+
+### 3. Defining OpKernel
+
+`MulKernel` inherits `framework::OpKernel`, which includes the following templates:
+
+- `typename  Place` denotes device type. When different devices, namely the CPU and the GPU, share the same kernel, this template needs to be added. If they don't share kernels, this must not be added. An example of a non-sharing kernel is [`OnehotCrossEntropyOpKernel`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/cross_entropy_op.h#L43).
+
+- `typename T` denotes data type, such as `float` or `double`.
+
+`MulKernel` types need to rewrite the interface for `Compute`.
+- `Compute` takes one input variable `const framework::ExecutionContext& context`.
+- Compared with `InferShapeContext`, `ExecutionContext` includes device types, and can similarly extract input, output, and attribute variables.
+- `Compute` implements the computation logics of an `OpKernel`.
+
+`MulKernel`'s implementation of `Compute` is as follows:
+
+  ```cpp
+  template <typename Place, typename T>
+  class MulKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+  public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
+    auto* X = context.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    auto* Y = context.Input<Tensor>("Y");
+    auto* Z = context.Output<Tensor>("Out");
+    Z->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
+    auto* device_context =
+        const_cast<platform::DeviceContext*>(context.device_context_);
+    math::matmul<Place, T>(*X, false, *Y, false, 1, Z, 0, device_context);
+  }
+  };
+  ```
+
+Note that **different devices (CPU, GPU)share an Op definition; whether or not they share the same `OpKernel` depends on whether `Compute` calls functions that support both devices.**
+
+`MulOp`'s CPU and GPU share the same `Kernel`. A non-sharing  `OpKernel` example can be seen in [`OnehotCrossEntropyOpKernel`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/cross_entropy_op.h#L43).
+
+To ease the writing of `OpKernel` compute, and for reusing code cross-device, `Eigen unsupported Tensor` module is used to implement `Compute` interface. To learn about how the Eigen library is used in PaddlePaddle, please see [usage document](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/doc/howto/dev/use_eigen_cn.md).
+
+
+This concludes the forward implementation of an operator. Next its operation and kernel need to be registered in a `.cc` file.
+
+The definition of its corresponding backward operator, if applicable, is similar to that of an forward operator. **Note that a backward operator does not include a `ProtoMaker`**.
+
+### 4. Registering Operator
+
+- In `.cc` files, register forward and backward operator classes and the CPU kernel.
+
+    ```cpp
+    namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+    REGISTER_OP(mul, ops::MulOp, ops::MulOpMaker, mul_grad, ops::MulOpGrad);
+    REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(mul, ops::MulKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+    REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(mul_grad,
+                  ops::MulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+    ```
+
+   In that code block,
+
+    - `REGISTER_OP` registers the `ops::MulOp` class, type named `mul`, its type `ProtoMaker` is `ops::MulOpMaker`, registering `ops::MulOpGrad` as `mul_grad`.
+    - `REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT` registers an operator without gradient.
+    - `REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL` registers `ops::MulKernel` class and specialized template types `paddle::platform::CPUPlace` and `float`, which also registers `ops::MulKernel`.
+
+
+- Registering GPU Kernel in `.cu` files
+    - Note that if GPU Kernel is implemented using the `Eigen unsupported` module, then on top of `.cu`, a macro definition `#define EIGEN_USE_GPU` is needed, such as
+
+    ```cpp
+    // if use Eigen unsupported module before include head files
+    #define EIGEN_USE_GPU
+
+    namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+    REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(mul, ops::MulKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+    REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(mul_grad,
+                           ops::MulGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+    ```
+
+### 5. Compilation
+
+Run the following commands to compile.
+
+```
+make mul_op
+```
+
+## Python Binding
+
+The system will automatically bind to Python and link it to a generated library.
+
+## Unit Tests
+
+Unit tests include comparing a forward operator's implementations on different devices, comparing a backward operator's implementation on different devices, and a scaling test for the backward operator. Here, we introduce the [unit tests for `MulOp`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_mul_op.py).

doc/survey/cluster_bootstrapping_tools.md

+# Cluster bootstrapping tool survey
+## Abstract
+In order to bring up a cluster from bare metal machine to a fully functional kubernetes cluster for Paddlepaddle to run, we need to utilize some tools. Here we are going to compare [Sextant](https://github.com/k8sp/sextant) and [Tectonic installer](https://github.com/coreos/tectonic-installer)
+
+## Basic assumptions
+Here are some basic assumptions before we move on to  details
+1. You are an administrator of a bare metal machine cluster, which means:
+  * you have full control to each of the machines.
+  * you have full control to the network which machines are connected to.
+2. Machines can be booted from network with PEX or iPXE
+3. You understand the [general procedure to bring up a cluster](#appendix-general-procedure-to-bring-up-a-cluster)
+
+if your cluster is able to mark above items with checkmarks, then keep reading.
+
+## Comparing Sextant and Tectonic installer
+### Sextant
+Sextant is an end2end solution to bring up a bare metal cluster to a fully functional k8s cluster, it integrates DHCP, name service, PEX, cloud-config-service, docker registry services altogether. 
+
+#### Pros
+1. End2End: basically all admin need to do is to config the cluster.yaml and power on the cluster.
+2. Offline cluster configuration: Sextant has 2 phases during working with it, config time and deploy time. when admin is configuring, it requires admin's machine has internet connectivity, which will download some images, etc. But in deploy time, it's completely OK to go offline since all dependencies are ready during config time.
+3. docker registry integrated.
+4. GPU machine took care of.
+
+### Cons
+1. k8s API server is not deployed with high availability in considering by default.
+2. No grouping support.
+3. No API interface, a one-off service.
+
+
+### Tectonic installer
+First of all, Tectonic is not free, it requires coreos.com account as a step of installation, and free user can only create less than 10 nodes.
+
+Tectonic is a suite of software which wraps around k8s and providing more utility regarding dev ops, ie, 
+Tectonic installer as it's named, it installs Tectonic to a bare metal cluster which means it's not totally an equivalent of Sextant. At the "booting a cluster" part, it mostly utilizes [Matchbox](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox), which is a general cluster bootstrapper.
+
+Matchbox's Approach is similar to Sexstant.
+
+### Pros
+1. supports grouping machines.
+2. supports running provisioning service in rtk. (not a big deal though).
+3. supports http/gRPC API interface.
+4. supports multi-template.
+
+### Cons
+1. Not an e2e solution to bring up a cluster, need a lot of extra work and other software.
+2. [Not fully supporting](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/issues/550) centOS deployment yet.
+
+## Conclusion
+Sextant is a better solution overall for paddle cloud deploying to a bare metal cluster. It would be great if Sextant can also 1) deploy k8s api server with high availability by default; 2) not designed as a one-off service.
+
+
+
+## Appendix: General procedure to bring up a cluster
+It's physically impossible for a cluster admin to manually install OS and applications into cluster nodes one by one, here is what an admin would do in cloud industry:
+1. setup a bootstrap machine with static IP in the cluster, which has following services:
+  * DHCP: assigns ip address for rest of the nodes.
+  * name service: to map node name to a IP
+  * PXE related services: the booting related info will be delivered to newly booted machines as their IP is assigned via DHCP service, PXE service will provide further booting and installing info and image with TFTP and http protocol. 
+  * cluster config service: this is for providing cluster node with OS config via http
+  * optional docker registry: a built-in docker registry makes the whole cluster independent from connecting internet, and speeds up software distribution.
+2. New node powers on, it will
+  * broadcast the request for an IP address
+  * DHCP server assigns the IP address, and deliver the PXE booting related info to the node.
+  * cluster node will request config files with booting info delivered with DHCP via the TFTP service, and in most of the cases, the config file will point to a http service for the booting image.
+  * Since PXE is configured with initrd, it will utilize the cloud config service and do further installations like coreOS or K8s installations.
+  * then restart the node.
+
+For further understanding, following 2 links from Matchbox are some good readings:
+* [Machine lifecycle](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/blob/master/Documentation/machine-lifecycle.md)
+* [PXE booting](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/blob/master/Documentation/network-booting.md)

paddle/capi/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ if(ANDROID)
           LIBRARY DESTINATION lib/${ANDROID_ABI})
   execute_process(
     COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} log --pretty=oneline -1
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}
     OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_COMMITS_LIST
     RESULT_VARIABLE GIT_COMMITS_LIST_RESULT
     ERROR_QUIET OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
@@ -81,8 +82,7 @@ if(ANDROID)
       )"
   )
 else(ANDROID)
-  install(TARGETS paddle_capi_whole
-          ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib)
+  install(TARGETS paddle_capi_whole ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib)
   if(NOT IOS)
     install(TARGETS paddle_capi_shared DESTINATION lib)
   endif()

paddle/framework/attribute.cc

@@ -19,74 +19,59 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
 
-template <>
-AttrType AttrTypeID<int>() {
-  return INT;
-}
-template <>
-AttrType AttrTypeID<float>() {
-  return FLOAT;
-}
-template <>
-AttrType AttrTypeID<std::string>() {
-  return STRING;
-}
-template <>
-AttrType AttrTypeID<std::vector<int>>() {
-  return INTS;
-}
-template <>
-AttrType AttrTypeID<std::vector<float>>() {
-  return FLOATS;
-}
-template <>
-AttrType AttrTypeID<std::vector<std::string>>() {
-  return STRINGS;
-}
-template <>
-AttrType AttrTypeID<std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>>() {
-  return INT_PAIRS;
+static ProgramDesc* g_program_desc = nullptr;
+
+ProgramDesc& GetProgramDesc() {
+  if (g_program_desc == nullptr) {
+    g_program_desc = new ProgramDesc();
+  }
+  return *g_program_desc;
 }
 
 Attribute GetAttrValue(const OpDesc::Attr& attr_desc) {
   switch (attr_desc.type()) {
-    case paddle::framework::AttrType::INT: {
+    case framework::AttrType::BOOLEAN: {
+      return attr_desc.b();
+    }
+    case framework::AttrType::INT: {
       return attr_desc.i();
     }
-    case paddle::framework::AttrType::FLOAT: {
+    case framework::AttrType::FLOAT: {
       return attr_desc.f();
     }
-    case paddle::framework::AttrType::STRING: {
+    case framework::AttrType::STRING: {
       return attr_desc.s();
     }
-    case paddle::framework::AttrType::INTS: {
+    case framework::AttrType::BOOLEANS: {
+      std::vector<bool> val(attr_desc.bools_size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < attr_desc.bools_size(); ++i) {
+        val[i] = attr_desc.bools(i);
+      }
+      return val;
+    }
+    case framework::AttrType::INTS: {
       std::vector<int> val(attr_desc.ints_size());
       for (int i = 0; i < attr_desc.ints_size(); ++i) {
         val[i] = attr_desc.ints(i);
       }
       return val;
     }
-    case paddle::framework::AttrType::FLOATS: {
+    case framework::AttrType::FLOATS: {
       std::vector<float> val(attr_desc.floats_size());
       for (int i = 0; i < attr_desc.floats_size(); ++i) {
         val[i] = attr_desc.floats(i);
       }
       return val;
     }
-    case paddle::framework::AttrType::STRINGS: {
+    case framework::AttrType::STRINGS: {
       std::vector<std::string> val(attr_desc.strings_size());
       for (int i = 0; i < attr_desc.strings_size(); ++i) {
         val[i] = attr_desc.strings(i);
       }
       return val;
     }
-    case paddle::framework::AttrType::INT_PAIRS: {
-      std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> val(attr_desc.int_pairs_size());
-      for (int i = 0; i < attr_desc.int_pairs_size(); ++i) {
-        val[i].first = attr_desc.int_pairs(i).first();
-        val[i].second = attr_desc.int_pairs(i).second();
-      }
-      return val;
+    case framework::AttrType::BLOCK: {
+      return GetProgramDesc().mutable_blocks(attr_desc.block_idx());
     }
   }
   PADDLE_ENFORCE(false, "Unknown OpDesc::AttrDesc::type !");

paddle/framework/attribute.h

@@ -27,15 +27,21 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
 
+// The order should be as same as framework.proto
 typedef boost::variant<boost::blank, int, float, std::string, std::vector<int>,
-                       std::vector<float>, std::vector<std::string>,
-                       std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>>
+                       std::vector<float>, std::vector<std::string>, bool,
+                       std::vector<bool>, BlockDesc*>
     Attribute;
 
 typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, Attribute> AttributeMap;
 
+ProgramDesc& GetProgramDesc();
+
 template <typename T>
-AttrType AttrTypeID();
+inline AttrType AttrTypeID() {
+  Attribute tmp = T();
+  return static_cast<AttrType>(tmp.which() - 1);
+}
 
 Attribute GetAttrValue(const OpDesc::Attr& attr_desc);
 

paddle/framework/backward.cc

@@ -166,9 +166,8 @@ static std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase> BackwardRecursive(
 
         // If part of input gradient of that operator is not calculated, fill
         // zero variables to that input gradient.
-        net->AppendOp(OpRegistry::CreateOp("fill_zeros_like",
-                                           {{"Src", {prefix}}},
-                                           {{"Dst", {grad_input}}}, {}));
+        net->AppendOp(OpRegistry::CreateOp("fill_zeros_like", {{"X", {prefix}}},
+                                           {{"Y", {grad_input}}}, {}));
       }
       return false;
     });

paddle/framework/backward_test.cc

@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ class FillZeroOpMaker : public OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
  public:
   FillZeroOpMaker(OpProto *proto, OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
-    AddInput("Src", "x");
-    AddOutput("Dst", "out");
+    AddInput("X", "x");
+    AddOutput("Y", "out");
     AddComment("");
   }
 };
@@ -325,10 +325,10 @@ TEST(Backward, op_part_of_output_are_not_need) {
 
   auto &fill_zero = *net->ops_[0];
   ASSERT_EQ("fill_zeros_like", fill_zero.Type());
-  ASSERT_EQ(1UL, fill_zero.Inputs("Src").size());
-  ASSERT_EQ("Z", fill_zero.Input("Src"));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1UL, fill_zero.Outputs("Dst").size());
-  ASSERT_EQ(std::string("Z") + f::kZeroVarSuffix, fill_zero.Output("Dst"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1UL, fill_zero.Inputs("X").size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("Z", fill_zero.Input("X"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1UL, fill_zero.Outputs("Y").size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string("Z") + f::kZeroVarSuffix, fill_zero.Output("Y"));
 
   auto &d_many_out = *net->ops_[1];
   ASSERT_EQ("many_output_op_grad", d_many_out.Type());

paddle/framework/framework.proto

@@ -22,14 +22,11 @@ enum AttrType {
   INTS = 3;
   FLOATS = 4;
   STRINGS = 5;
-  INT_PAIRS = 6;
+  BOOLEAN = 6;
+  BOOLEANS = 7;
+  BLOCK = 8;
 }
 
-message IntPair {
-  required int32 first = 1;
-  required int32 second = 2;
-};
-
 // OpDesc describes an instance of a C++ framework::OperatorBase
 // derived class type.
 message OpDesc {
@@ -43,7 +40,9 @@ message OpDesc {
     repeated int32 ints = 6;
     repeated float floats = 7;
     repeated string strings = 8;
-    repeated IntPair int_pairs = 9;
+    optional bool b = 10;
+    repeated bool bools = 11;
+    optional int32 block_idx = 12;
   };
 
   message Var {
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ enum DataType {
 
 message LoDTensorDesc {
   required DataType data_type = 1;
-  repeated int32 dims = 2; // [UNK, 640, 480] is saved as [-1, 640, 480]
+  repeated int64 dims = 2; // [UNK, 640, 480] is saved as [-1, 640, 480]
   optional int32 lod_level = 3 [ default = 0 ];
 }
 
@@ -108,3 +107,12 @@ message VarDesc {
   required string name = 1;
   optional LoDTensorDesc lod_tensor = 2;
 }
+
+message BlockDesc {
+  required int32 idx = 1;
+  required int32 parent_idx = 2;
+  repeated VarDesc vars = 3;
+  repeated OpDesc ops = 4;
+}
+
+message ProgramDesc { repeated BlockDesc blocks = 1; }

paddle/framework/lod_tensor.cc

@@ -72,20 +72,16 @@ bool operator==(const LoD& a, const LoD& b) {
   return true;
 }
 
-void LoDTensor::SliceLevels(size_t level_begin, size_t level_end) {
+void LoDTensor::ShrinkLevels(size_t level_begin, size_t level_end) {
   auto new_lod = framework::SliceLevels(lod_, level_begin, level_end);
   lod_ = new_lod;
 }
 
-void LoDTensor::SliceInLevel(size_t level, size_t elem_begin, size_t elem_end) {
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(level < NumLevels(), "level [%d] out of range [%d]", level,
-                 NumLevels());
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(elem_begin < NumElements(level),
-                 "element begin [%d] out of range [%d]", elem_begin,
-                 NumElements(level));
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(elem_end < NumElements(level) + 1,
-                 "element end [%d] out of range [%d]", elem_end,
-                 NumElements(level));
+void LoDTensor::ShrinkInLevel(size_t level, size_t elem_begin,
+                              size_t elem_end) {
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(level, NumLevels());
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(elem_begin, NumElements(level));
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(elem_end, NumElements(level) + 1);
 
   auto new_lod = framework::SliceInLevel(lod_, level, elem_begin, elem_end);
   lod_ = new_lod;

paddle/framework/lod_tensor.h

@@ -89,15 +89,15 @@ class LoDTensor : public Tensor {
   }
 
   /*
-   * Slice of levels[level_begin:level_end]
+   * Shrink levels[level_begin:level_end]
    */
-  void SliceLevels(size_t level_begin, size_t level_end);
+  void ShrinkLevels(size_t level_begin, size_t level_end);
 
   /*
-   * Slice of elements of a level, [elem_begin: elem_end]
+   * Shrink elements of a level, [elem_begin: elem_end]
    * @note: low performance in slice lod_.
    */
-  void SliceInLevel(size_t level, size_t elem_begin, size_t elem_end);
+  void ShrinkInLevel(size_t level, size_t elem_begin, size_t elem_end);
 
  private:
   LoD lod_;

paddle/framework/lod_tensor_test.cc

@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, NumElements) {
   ASSERT_EQ(lod_tensor_.NumElements(2), 8UL);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, SliceLevels) {
+TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, ShrinkLevels) {
   // slice 1 level
   for (size_t level = 0; level < 3UL; ++level) {
     LoDTensor new_lod_tensor = lod_tensor_;
-    new_lod_tensor.SliceLevels(level, level + 1);
+    new_lod_tensor.ShrinkLevels(level, level + 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumLevels(), 1UL);
     ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumElements(0), lod_tensor_.NumElements(level));
     ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.data<float>(), lod_tensor_.data<float>());
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, SliceLevels) {
   // slice 2 level
   for (size_t level = 0; level < 2UL; ++level) {
     LoDTensor new_lod_tensor = lod_tensor_;
-    new_lod_tensor.SliceLevels(level, level + 2);
+    new_lod_tensor.ShrinkLevels(level, level + 2);
     ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumLevels(), 2UL);
     ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumElements(0), lod_tensor_.NumElements(level));
     ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumElements(1),
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, SliceLevels) {
   }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, SliceInLevel) {
+TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, ShrinkInLevel) {
   size_t level = 0;
   LoDTensor new_lod_tensor = lod_tensor_;
-  new_lod_tensor.SliceInLevel(level, 0, 2);
+  new_lod_tensor.ShrinkInLevel(level, 0, 2);
   EXPECT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumLevels(), 3UL);
   EXPECT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumElements(0), 2UL);
   EXPECT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumElements(1), 4UL);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ TEST_F(LoDTensorTester, SliceInLevel) {
 
   level = 1;
   new_lod_tensor = lod_tensor_;
-  new_lod_tensor.SliceInLevel(level, 0, 2);
+  new_lod_tensor.ShrinkInLevel(level, 0, 2);
   ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumLevels(), 2UL);
   ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumElements(0), 2UL);
   ASSERT_EQ(new_lod_tensor.NumElements(1), 4UL);

paddle/framework/operator.cc

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ std::string OperatorBase::Output(const std::string& name) const {
 const std::vector<std::string>& OperatorBase::Outputs(
     const std::string& name) const {
   auto it = outputs_.find(name);
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(it != outputs_.end(), "Op %s does not have output %s", type_,
-                 name);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(it != outputs_.end(), "Op %s does not have output called %s",
+                 type_, name);
   return it->second;
 }
 
@@ -207,23 +207,22 @@ const std::vector<const Tensor*> InferShapeContext::MultiInput<Tensor>(
 }
 
 template <>
-Tensor* ExecutionContext::Output<Tensor>(const std::string& name) const {
-  auto* var = OutputVar(name);
-  return var == nullptr ? nullptr : const_cast<Tensor*>(GetTensorFromVar(var));
+Tensor* InferShapeContext::Output<Tensor>(const std::string& name) const {
+  auto var = OutputVar(name);
+  return var == nullptr ? nullptr : var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
 }
 
 template <>
-std::vector<Tensor*> ExecutionContext::MultiOutput<Tensor>(
+std::vector<Tensor*> InferShapeContext::MultiOutput<Tensor>(
     const std::string& name) const {
   auto names = op().Outputs(name);
   std::vector<Tensor*> res;
   res.reserve(names.size());
   std::transform(names.begin(), names.end(), std::back_inserter(res),
                  [&](const std::string& sub_name) {
-                   auto var = scope().FindVar(sub_name);
-                   return var == nullptr
-                              ? nullptr
-                              : const_cast<Tensor*>(GetTensorFromVar(var));
+                   auto var = scope_.FindVar(sub_name);
+                   return var == nullptr ? nullptr
+                                         : var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
                  });
   return res;
 }

paddle/framework/operator.h

@@ -212,9 +212,9 @@ class InferShapeContext {
     return res;
   }
 
-  std::vector<const Variable*> MultiOutputVar(const std::string& name) const {
+  std::vector<Variable*> MultiOutputVar(const std::string& name) const {
     auto names = op_.Outputs(name);
-    std::vector<const Variable*> res;
+    std::vector<Variable*> res;
     res.reserve(names.size());
     std::transform(names.begin(), names.end(), std::back_inserter(res),
                    [this](const std::string& name) {
@@ -271,6 +271,20 @@ class InferShapeContext {
     return &var->Get<Tensor>();
   }
 
+  void ShareLoD(const std::string& in, const std::string& out, size_t i = 0,
+                size_t j = 0) const {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(i, InputSize(in));
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(j, OutputSize(out));
+    auto* in_var = MultiInputVar(in)[i];
+    auto* out_var = MultiOutputVar(out)[j];
+    if (!in_var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) return;
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(out_var->IsType<LoDTensor>(),
+                   "The %d-th output of Output(%s) must be LoDTensor.", j, out);
+    auto in_tensor = in_var->Get<LoDTensor>();
+    auto* out_tensor = out_var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
+    out_tensor->set_lod(in_tensor.lod());
+  }
+
  private:
   const OperatorBase& op_;
   const Scope& scope_;
@@ -283,6 +297,13 @@ template <>
 const std::vector<const Tensor*> InferShapeContext::MultiInput<Tensor>(
     const std::string& name) const;
 
+template <>
+Tensor* InferShapeContext::Output<Tensor>(const std::string& name) const;
+
+template <>
+std::vector<Tensor*> InferShapeContext::MultiOutput<Tensor>(
+    const std::string& name) const;
+
 template <typename T>
 struct EigenDeviceConverter;
 
@@ -315,38 +336,10 @@ class ExecutionContext : public InferShapeContext {
     return device_context_;
   }
 
-  // redefine Output function,
-  // use Variable::Get instead of Variable::GetMutable
-  template <typename T>
-  T* Output(const std::string& name) const {
-    auto var = OutputVar(name);
-    return var == nullptr ? nullptr : const_cast<T*>(&var->Get<T>());
-  }
-
-  // redefine MultiOutput function.
-  // use Variable::Get instead of Variable::GetMutable
-  template <typename T>
-  std::vector<T*> MultiOutput(const std::string& name) const {
-    auto names = op().Outputs(name);
-    std::vector<T*> res;
-    res.reserve(names.size());
-    std::transform(
-        names.begin(), names.end(), std::back_inserter(res),
-        [&](const std::string& sub_name) { return Output<T>(sub_name); });
-    return res;
-  }
-
  private:
   const platform::DeviceContext& device_context_;
 };
 
-template <>
-Tensor* ExecutionContext::Output<Tensor>(const std::string& name) const;
-
-template <>
-std::vector<Tensor*> ExecutionContext::MultiOutput<Tensor>(
-    const std::string& name) const;
-
 class OpKernel {
  public:
   /**

paddle/framework/tensor.h

@@ -29,16 +29,19 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 namespace paddle {
 
-namespace framework {
+namespace pybind {
 namespace details {
 template <bool less, size_t i, typename... args>
 struct CastToPyBufferImpl;
 }
+}  // namespace pybind
+
+namespace framework {
 
 class Tensor {
  public:
   template <bool less, size_t i, typename... args>
-  friend struct details::CastToPyBufferImpl;
+  friend struct pybind::details::CastToPyBufferImpl;
 
   template <typename T, size_t D, int MajorType, typename IndexType>
   friend struct EigenTensor;
@@ -165,12 +168,6 @@ class Tensor {
   /*! points to dimensions of memory block. */
   DDim dims_;
 
-  /**
-   * A cache of the number of elements in a tensor.
-   * Would be 0 for an uninitialized tensor.
-   */
-  int64_t numel_;
-
   /**
    * @brief   A PlaceHolder may be shared by more than one tensor.
    *

paddle/framework/tensor_impl.h

@@ -147,13 +147,12 @@ inline Tensor Tensor::Slice(const int& begin_idx, const int& end_idx) const {
 
 inline Tensor& Tensor::Resize(const DDim& dims) {
   dims_ = dims;
-  numel_ = product(dims_);
   return *this;
 }
 
 inline const DDim& Tensor::dims() const { return dims_; }
 
-inline int64_t Tensor::numel() const { return numel_; }
+inline int64_t Tensor::numel() const { return product(dims_); }
 
 template <typename T>
 inline Tensor ReshapeToMatrix(const Tensor& src, int num_col_dims) {

paddle/gserver/activations/MKLDNNActivation.cpp

@@ -27,31 +27,53 @@ static ClassRegistrar<ActivationFunction> gMKLDNNActivationRegistrar;
 #define MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE) mkldnn_##ACT_TYPE##Activation
 
 /**
- * @def DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION
+ * @def BEGIN_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION
+ */
+#define BEGIN_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE, BASE_CLASS) \
+  class MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE) : public BASE_CLASS {
+/**
+ * @def END_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION
  */
-#define DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE, ALPHA, BWD_ALPHA)        \
-  class MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)                              \
-      : public MKLDNNEltwiseActivation {                                    \
-  private:                                                                  \
-    static const std::string name;                                          \
-    static const float alpha;                                               \
-    static const float bwdAlpha;                                            \
-                                                                            \
-  public:                                                                   \
-    const std::string& getName() const { return name; }                     \
-    float getAlpha() const { return alpha; }                                \
-    float getBwdAlpha() const { return bwdAlpha; }                          \
-  };                                                                        \
-  const std::string MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)::name =          \
-      "mkldnn_" #ACT_TYPE;                                                  \
-  const float MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)::alpha = ALPHA;        \
-  const float MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)::bwdAlpha = BWD_ALPHA; \
-  static InitFunction __reg_activation__mkldnn_##ACT_TYPE([] {              \
-    gMKLDNNActivationRegistrar                                              \
-        .registerClass<MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)>(             \
-            "mkldnn_" #ACT_TYPE);                                           \
+#define END_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE)                            \
+private:                                                           \
+  static const std::string name;                                   \
+                                                                   \
+public:                                                            \
+  const std::string& getName() const { return name; }              \
+  }                                                                \
+  ;                                                                \
+  const std::string MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)::name = \
+      "mkldnn_" #ACT_TYPE;                                         \
+  static InitFunction __reg_activation__mkldnn_##ACT_TYPE([] {     \
+    gMKLDNNActivationRegistrar                                     \
+        .registerClass<MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)>(    \
+            "mkldnn_" #ACT_TYPE);                                  \
   });
 
+/**
+ * @def DEFINE_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION
+ */
+#define DEFINE_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE, BASE_CLASS) \
+  BEGIN_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE, BASE_CLASS)        \
+  END_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE)
+
+/**
+ * @def DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION
+ */
+#define DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(                            \
+    ACT_TYPE, BASE_CLASS, ALPHA, BWD_ALPHA)                          \
+  BEGIN_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE, BASE_CLASS)                      \
+private:                                                             \
+  static const float alpha;                                          \
+  static const float bwdAlpha;                                       \
+                                                                     \
+public:                                                              \
+  float getAlpha() const { return alpha; }                           \
+  float getBwdAlpha() const { return bwdAlpha; }                     \
+  END_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(ACT_TYPE)                                    \
+  const float MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)::alpha = ALPHA; \
+  const float MKLDNN_ACTIVATION_CLASS_NAME(ACT_TYPE)::bwdAlpha = BWD_ALPHA;
+
 /**
  * @brief MKLDNN Relu Activation.
  * Actually mkldnn_relu is Leaky Relu.
@@ -59,19 +81,129 @@ static ClassRegistrar<ActivationFunction> gMKLDNNActivationRegistrar;
  *  f(x) = negative_slope * x  (x <  0)
  * @note the negative_slope should be -0.f in forward
  */
-DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(relu, -0.f, 0.f)
+DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(relu, MKLDNNEltwiseActivation, -0.f, 0.f)
 
 /**
  * @brief MKLDNN Tanh Activation.
  */
-DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(tanh, 0.f, 0.f)
+DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(tanh, MKLDNNEltwiseActivation, 0.f, 0.f)
 
 /**
  * @brief MKLDNN ELU(Exponential Linear Unit) Activation.
  *  f(x) = x                              (x >= 0)
  *  f(x) = negative_slope * (exp(x) - 1)  (x <  0)
  */
-DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(elu, 0.f, 0.f)
+DEFINE_MKLDNN_ELTWISE_ACTIVATION(elu, MKLDNNEltwiseActivation, 0.f, 0.f)
+
+mkldnn::algorithm MKLDNNEltwiseActivation::getAlgo(std::string type) const {
+  const std::map<std::string, mkldnn::algorithm> algoMap = {
+      {"relu", algorithm::eltwise_relu},
+      {"tanh", algorithm::eltwise_tanh},
+      {"elu", algorithm::eltwise_elu}};
+  type.erase(0, 7);  // remove mkldnn_
+  algorithm algo = (algorithm)0;
+  mapGet(type, algoMap, &algo);
+  return algo;
+}
+
+void MKLDNNEltwiseActivation::resetFwd(Argument& act) {
+  if (cnt_ == act.value->getElementCnt()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  MKLDNNActivation::resetFwd(act);
+  // note: alpha represents the NegativeSlope when used in relu.
+  float alpha = getAlpha();
+  float beta = getBeta();
+  algorithm algo = getAlgo(this->getName());
+  auto fwdDesc = eltwise_fwd::desc(mkldnn::prop_kind::forward_training,
+                                   algo,
+                                   val_->getMemoryDesc(),
+                                   alpha,
+                                   beta);
+  fwdPD_.reset(new eltwise_fwd::primitive_desc(fwdDesc, *engine_));
+  // use inplace for forward but save input value before submit
+  inVal_ = val_;
+  copyInVal_ = nullptr;
+  if (act.grad && algo == algorithm::eltwise_tanh) {
+    // tanh need save src input for backward
+    inVal_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(nullptr, val_->getPrimitiveDesc());
+    copyInVal_ = std::make_shared<mkldnn::reorder>(*val_, *inVal_);
+    CHECK(copyInVal_) << "should not be emptry";
+    pipelineFwd_.push_back(*copyInVal_);
+  }
+  fwd_.reset(new eltwise_fwd(*fwdPD_, *val_, *val_));
+  pipelineFwd_.push_back(*fwd_);
+  needResetBwd_ = true;
+}
+
+void MKLDNNEltwiseActivation::resetBwd(Argument& act) {
+  if (!needResetBwd_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  VLOG(MKLDNN_BASE) << getName() << " reset mkldnn backward";
+  needResetBwd_ = false;
+  algorithm algo = getAlgo(this->getName());
+  float alpha = getBwdAlpha();
+  float beta = getBeta();
+  grad_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(act.grad, val_->getPrimitiveDesc());
+  auto eng = CPUEngine::Instance().getEngine();
+  auto bwdDesc = eltwise_bwd::desc(
+      algo, grad_->getMemoryDesc(), val_->getMemoryDesc(), alpha, beta);
+  auto bwdPD = eltwise_bwd::primitive_desc(bwdDesc, eng, *fwdPD_);
+  CHECK(inVal_);
+  bwd_.reset(new eltwise_bwd(bwdPD, *inVal_, *grad_, *grad_));
+  pipelineBwd_.clear();
+  pipelineBwd_.push_back(*bwd_);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief MKLDNN Softmax Activation
+ */
+DEFINE_MKLDNN_ACTIVATION(softmax, MKLDNNSoftmaxActivation)
+
+void MKLDNNSoftmaxActivation::resetFwd(Argument& act) {
+  if (cnt_ == act.value->getElementCnt()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  MKLDNNActivation::resetFwd(act);
+  int axis = 1;
+  auto fwdDesc = softmax_fwd::desc(
+      mkldnn::prop_kind::forward_scoring, val_->getMemoryDesc(), axis);
+  auto fwdPD = softmax_fwd::primitive_desc(fwdDesc, *engine_);
+  fwd_.reset(new softmax_fwd(fwdPD, *val_, *val_));
+  pipelineFwd_.push_back(*fwd_);
+}
+
+Error __must_check MKLDNNSoftmaxActivation::forward(Argument& act) {
+  resetFwd(act);
+  stream_->submit(pipelineFwd_);
+  real* v = act.value->getData();
+  real threshold = exp(-64);
+#pragma omp parallel for
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < act.value->getElementCnt(); ++i) {
+    v[i] = v[i] < threshold ? threshold : v[i];
+  }
+  return Error();
+}
+
+Error __must_check MKLDNNSoftmaxActivation::backward(Argument& act) {
+  MatrixPtr outputV = act.value;
+  MatrixPtr outputG = act.grad;
+  Matrix::resizeOrCreate(sftMaxDot_,
+                         outputG->getHeight(),
+                         outputG->getWidth(),
+                         /* trans */ false,
+                         /* useGpu */ false);
+  Matrix::resizeOrCreate(sftMaxSum_,
+                         outputG->getHeight(),
+                         1,
+                         /* trans */ false,
+                         /* useGpu */ false);
+  sftMaxDot_->dotMul(*outputG, *outputV);
+  sftMaxSum_->colMerge(*sftMaxDot_);
+  act.grad->softmaxDerivative(*act.value, *sftMaxSum_);
+  return Error();
+}
 
 ActivationFunction* MKLDNNActivation::create(const std::string& type) {
   return gMKLDNNActivationRegistrar.createByType(type);
@@ -84,4 +216,34 @@ std::vector<std::string> MKLDNNActivation::getAllRegisteredTypes() {
   return types;
 }
 
+void MKLDNNActivation::resetFwd(Argument& act) {
+  VLOG(MKLDNN_BASE) << getName() << " reset mkldnn forward";
+  cnt_ = act.value->getElementCnt();
+  pipelineFwd_.clear();
+  stream_.reset(new MKLDNNStream());
+  engine_.reset(new mkldnn::engine(mkldnn::engine::cpu, 0));
+  val_ = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<MKLDNNMatrix>(act.value);
+  if (val_ == nullptr) {
+    int bs = act.getBatchSize();
+    int ih = act.getFrameHeight() > 0 ? act.getFrameHeight() : 1;
+    int iw = act.getFrameWidth() > 0 ? act.getFrameWidth() : 1;
+    int ic = cnt_ / bs / ih / iw;
+    CHECK_EQ(cnt_, (size_t)bs * ic * ih * iw);
+    val_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(
+        act.value, {bs, ic, ih, iw}, mkldnn::memory::format::nchw, *engine_);
+    CHECK(val_);
+    val_->downSpatial();
+  }
+}
+
+Error __must_check MKLDNNActivation::forward(Argument& act) {
+  resetFwd(act);
+  stream_->submit(pipelineFwd_);
+  return Error();
+}
+Error __must_check MKLDNNActivation::backward(Argument& act) {
+  resetBwd(act);
+  stream_->submit(pipelineBwd_);
+  return Error();
+}
 }  // namespace paddle

paddle/gserver/activations/MKLDNNActivation.h

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ protected:
   // mkldnn matrix, primitive, stream and pipeline
   MKLDNNMatrixPtr val_;
   MKLDNNMatrixPtr grad_;
+  std::shared_ptr<mkldnn::engine> engine_;
   std::shared_ptr<MKLDNNStream> stream_;
   std::shared_ptr<mkldnn::primitive> fwd_;
   std::shared_ptr<mkldnn::primitive> bwd_;
@@ -48,8 +49,18 @@ public:
   static ActivationFunction* create(const std::string& type);
   static std::vector<std::string> getAllRegisteredTypes();
   virtual const std::string& getName() const = 0;
-  virtual Error __must_check forward(Argument& act) = 0;
-  virtual Error __must_check backward(Argument& act) = 0;
+  /**
+   * reset the forward primitives
+   */
+  virtual void resetFwd(Argument& act);
+  /**
+   * reset the backward primitives,
+   * can not merge this functions into resetFwd as the grad data
+   * would be changing before backward.
+   */
+  virtual void resetBwd(Argument& act) {}
+  virtual Error __must_check forward(Argument& act);
+  virtual Error __must_check backward(Argument& act);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -59,6 +70,7 @@ public:
 class MKLDNNEltwiseActivation : public MKLDNNActivation {
   typedef mkldnn::eltwise_forward eltwise_fwd;
   typedef mkldnn::eltwise_backward eltwise_bwd;
+  typedef mkldnn::algorithm algorithm;
 
 protected:
   // save the forward primitive desc, which can be used backward
@@ -70,9 +82,7 @@ protected:
 
 public:
   MKLDNNEltwiseActivation() {}
-
   ~MKLDNNEltwiseActivation() {}
-
   virtual const std::string& getName() const = 0;
 
   // in common, the alpha of forward and backward should be equal.
@@ -80,104 +90,30 @@ public:
   virtual float getAlpha() const = 0;
   virtual float getBwdAlpha() const = 0;
   virtual float getBeta() const { return 0.f; }
-  virtual mkldnn::algorithm getAlgo(const std::string& type) const {
-    if (type == "mkldnn_relu") {
-      return mkldnn::algorithm::eltwise_relu;
-    } else if (type == "mkldnn_tanh") {
-      return mkldnn::algorithm::eltwise_tanh;
-    } else if (type == "mkldnn_elu") {
-      return mkldnn::algorithm::eltwise_elu;
-    } else {
-      LOG(FATAL) << "Unkown eltwise activation type: " << type;
-    }
-    return (mkldnn::algorithm)0;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * reshape and reset the forward primitives
-   */
-  void resetFwd(Argument& act) {
-    if (cnt_ == act.value->getElementCnt()) {
-      return;
-    }
-    cnt_ = act.value->getElementCnt();
-    stream_.reset(new MKLDNNStream());
-    auto eng = CPUEngine::Instance().getEngine();
-
-    // get algo setting
-    mkldnn::algorithm algo = getAlgo(this->getName());
-    // note: alpha represents the NegativeSlope when used in relu.
-    float alpha = getAlpha();
-    float beta = getBeta();
-
-    /// forward
-    pipelineFwd_.clear();
-    val_ = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<MKLDNNMatrix>(act.value);
-    if (val_ == nullptr) {
-      int bs = act.getBatchSize();
-      int ih = act.getFrameHeight() > 0 ? act.getFrameHeight() : 1;
-      int iw = act.getFrameWidth() > 0 ? act.getFrameWidth() : 1;
-      int ic = cnt_ / bs / ih / iw;
-      CHECK_EQ(cnt_, (size_t)bs * ic * ih * iw);
-      val_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(
-          act.value, {bs, ic, ih, iw}, mkldnn::memory::format::nchw, eng);
-      CHECK(val_);
-    }
-    auto fwdDesc = eltwise_fwd::desc(mkldnn::prop_kind::forward_training,
-                                     algo,
-                                     val_->getMemoryDesc(),
-                                     alpha,
-                                     beta);
-    fwdPD_.reset(new eltwise_fwd::primitive_desc(fwdDesc, eng));
-    // use inplace for forward but save input value before submit
-    inVal_ = val_;
-    copyInVal_ = nullptr;
-    if (act.grad && algo == mkldnn::algorithm::eltwise_tanh) {
-      // tanh need save src input for backward
-      inVal_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(nullptr, val_->getPrimitiveDesc());
-      copyInVal_ = std::make_shared<mkldnn::reorder>(*val_, *inVal_);
-      CHECK(copyInVal_) << "should not be emptry";
-      pipelineFwd_.push_back(*copyInVal_);
-    }
-    fwd_.reset(new eltwise_fwd(*fwdPD_, *val_, *val_));
-    pipelineFwd_.push_back(*fwd_);
-    needResetBwd_ = true;
-  }
+  virtual algorithm getAlgo(std::string type) const;
+  void resetFwd(Argument& act) override;
+  void resetBwd(Argument& act) override;
+};
 
-  /**
-   * reset the backward primitives, can not merge into resetFwd as the grad data
-   * would be changing before backward.
-   */
-  void resetBwd(Argument& act) {
-    if (!needResetBwd_) {
-      return;
-    }
-    needResetBwd_ = false;
-    mkldnn::algorithm algo = getAlgo(this->getName());
-    float alpha = getBwdAlpha();
-    float beta = getBeta();
-    grad_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(act.grad, val_->getPrimitiveDesc());
-    auto eng = CPUEngine::Instance().getEngine();
-    auto bwdDesc = eltwise_bwd::desc(
-        algo, grad_->getMemoryDesc(), val_->getMemoryDesc(), alpha, beta);
-    auto bwdPD = eltwise_bwd::primitive_desc(bwdDesc, eng, *fwdPD_);
-    CHECK(inVal_);
-    bwd_.reset(new eltwise_bwd(bwdPD, *inVal_, *grad_, *grad_));
-    pipelineBwd_.clear();
-    pipelineBwd_.push_back(*bwd_);
-  }
+/**
+ * @brief Base class of MKLDNN softmax Activation,
+ * only have mkldnn forward, use cpu implement for backward.
+ */
+class MKLDNNSoftmaxActivation : public MKLDNNActivation {
+  typedef mkldnn::softmax_forward softmax_fwd;
 
-  Error __must_check forward(Argument& act) {
-    resetFwd(act);
-    stream_->submit(pipelineFwd_);
-    return Error();
-  }
+private:
+  // for backward
+  MatrixPtr sftMaxSum_;
+  MatrixPtr sftMaxDot_;
 
-  Error __must_check backward(Argument& act) {
-    resetBwd(act);
-    stream_->submit(pipelineBwd_);
-    return Error();
-  }
+public:
+  MKLDNNSoftmaxActivation() {}
+  ~MKLDNNSoftmaxActivation() {}
+  virtual const std::string& getName() const = 0;
+  void resetFwd(Argument& act) override;
+  Error __must_check forward(Argument& act) override;
+  Error __must_check backward(Argument& act) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace paddle

paddle/gserver/layers/MKLDNNConvLayer.cpp

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ bool MKLDNNConvLayer::init(const LayerMap& layerMap,
 
   // create biases
   if (biasParameter_.get() != NULL) {
-    biases_ = std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, oc_, biasParameter_));
+    biases_ = std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, oc_, biasParameter_, 0));
   }
   return true;
 }
@@ -251,22 +251,31 @@ void MKLDNNConvLayer::resetInValue(
   // create buffer and reorder if input value do not match
   cpuInVal_ = nullptr;
   cvtInVal_ = nullptr;
-  if (inputIsOnlyMKLDNN()) {
-    MKLDNNMatrixPtr dnnIn = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<MKLDNNMatrix>(inMat);
-    CHECK(dnnIn) << "Input should be MKLDNNMatrix";
-    if (dnnIn->getPrimitiveDesc() != in->getPrimitiveDesc()) {
-      CHECK_EQ(dnnIn->getFormat(), format::nc);
+
+  MKLDNNMatrixPtr dnnIn = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<MKLDNNMatrix>(inMat);
+  CHECK_EQ(inputIsOnlyMKLDNN(), dnnIn != nullptr);
+  if (dnnIn != nullptr && dnnIn->getPrimitiveDesc() == in->getPrimitiveDesc()) {
+    in = dnnIn;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (dnnIn) {
+    if (dnnIn->getFormat() == format::nc) {
       CHECK(ih_ == 1 && iw_ == 1) << "when input is nc format";
       // create a new one with nchw format and same data
       memory::dims inDims = memory::dims{bs_, ic_, 1, 1};
       dnnIn = MKLDNNMatrix::create(inMat, inDims, format::nchw, engine_);
-      CHECK(dnnIn->getPrimitiveDesc() == in->getPrimitiveDesc());
     }
-    in = dnnIn;
+    if (dnnIn->getPrimitiveDesc() == in->getPrimitiveDesc()) {
+      in = dnnIn;
+      return;
+    }
+    cpuInVal_ = dnnIn;
+    in = MKLDNNMatrix::create(nullptr, pd->src_primitive_desc());
+    cvtInVal_ = MKLDNNMatrix::createReorder(cpuInVal_, in);
+    CHECK(cvtInVal_) << "should not be emptry";
   } else {
-    const MatrixPtr& cpuIn = getInputValue(0, CPU_DEVICE);
     memory::dims inDims = memory::dims{bs_, ic_, ih_, iw_};
-    cpuInVal_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(cpuIn, inDims, format::nchw, engine_);
+    cpuInVal_ = MKLDNNMatrix::create(inMat, inDims, format::nchw, engine_);
     if (cpuInVal_->getPrimitiveDesc() != in->getPrimitiveDesc()) {
       // create new mkldnn matrix
       in = MKLDNNMatrix::create(nullptr, pd->src_primitive_desc());
@@ -535,7 +544,7 @@ void MKLDNNConvLayer::resetWgtValBwdData(
   } else {
     wgtValBwdData_ = wgtVal_;
   }
-  VLOG(MKLDNN_FMTS) << "weight value format for backward data"
+  VLOG(MKLDNN_FMTS) << "weight value format for backward data: "
                     << wgtValBwdData_->getFormat();
 }
 

paddle/gserver/layers/MKLDNNFcLayer.cpp

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ bool MKLDNNFcLayer::init(const LayerMap& layerMap,
 
   // create biases
   if (biasParameter_.get() != NULL) {
-    biases_ = std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, oc_, biasParameter_));
+    biases_ = std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, oc_, biasParameter_, 0));
   }
   return true;
 }
@@ -161,9 +161,16 @@ void MKLDNNFcLayer::resetInValue(MKLDNNMatrixPtr& in) {
 
 void MKLDNNFcLayer::resetWgtBiasValue(MKLDNNMatrixPtr& wgt,
                                       MKLDNNMatrixPtr& bias) {
+  format wgtFmt = format::oihw;
+  if (inVal_->getFormat() == format::nChw8c) {
+    wgtFmt = format::oIhw8i;
+  } else if (inVal_->getFormat() == format::nChw16c) {
+    wgtFmt = format::oIhw16i;
+  }
   wgt = MKLDNNMatrix::create(
-      weight_->getW(), {oc_, ic_, ih_, iw_}, format::oihw, engine_);
+      weight_->getW(), {oc_, ic_, ih_, iw_}, wgtFmt, engine_);
   wgt->downSpatial();
+  VLOG(MKLDNN_FMTS) << "Weight value format: " << wgt->getFormat();
 
   bias = (biases_ && biases_->getW())
              ? MKLDNNMatrix::create(biases_->getW(), {oc_}, format::x, engine_)

paddle/gserver/layers/MKLDNNLayer.h

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ public:
       copySeqInfoToOutputs();
       size_t elemenCnt = inputLayers_[0]->getOutput().value->getElementCnt();
       if (inputElemenCnt_ != elemenCnt) {
+        VLOG(MKLDNN_BASE) << getName() << " reset mkldnn forward";
         // reset when input total sizes changed, not only the batchsize
         inputElemenCnt_ = elemenCnt;
         reshape(bs_, ic_, ih_, iw_, oc_, oh_, ow_);
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ public:
 
   void backward(const UpdateCallback& callback) override {
     if (needResetBwd_) {
+      VLOG(MKLDNN_BASE) << getName() << " reset mkldnn backward";
       resetBwd(pipelineBwd_, inGrad_, wgtGrad_, biasGrad_, outGrad_);
       needResetBwd_ = false;
     }

paddle/gserver/tests/test_MKLDNN.cpp

@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ static void getAddtoConfig(TestConfig& cfg, const testActDesc& pm) {
 }
 
 void testActivation(std::string& actType, const testActDesc& pm) {
-  // TODO(TJ): mkldnn_softmax not implemented, paddle do not have elu activation
-  if (actType == "mkldnn_softmax" || actType == "mkldnn_elu") {
+  // TODO(TJ): remove me when paddle support elu activation
+  if (actType == "mkldnn_elu") {
     return;
   }
   const std::string compareTypes[] = {actType, actType.erase(0, 7)};

paddle/operators/accuracy_op.cc

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ class AccuracyOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(inference->dims()[0], label->dims()[0],
                       "inference size must be the same as label size");
 
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Accuracy")->Resize({1});
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Accuracy")->Resize({1});
+    ctx.ShareLoD("Inference", /*->*/ "Accuracy");
   }
 };
 
@@ -54,11 +55,15 @@ class AccuracyOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
     // TODO(typhoonzero): AddInput("Weight", ...
     AddOutput("Accuracy", "The accuracy of current batch");
 
-    AddComment(
-        R"DOC(Accuracy. It will print accuracy rate for classification.
+    AddComment(R"DOC(
+Accuracy. It will print accuracy rate for classification.
 The accuracy is:
 ..  math::
-accuracy = \\frac{NumOfCorrectPredicts}{NumOfAllSamples})DOC");
+accuracy = \\frac{NumOfCorrectPredicts}{NumOfAllSamples})
+
+Both the input `Inference` and `Label` can carry the LoD (Level of Details)
+information, or not. But the output only shares the LoD with input `Inference`.
+)DOC");
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/accuracy_op.cu

@@ -69,8 +69,12 @@ class AccuracyOpCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
       return;
     }
 
-    AccuracyCudaKernel<PADDLE_CUDA_NUM_THREADS><<<1, PADDLE_CUDA_NUM_THREADS>>>(
-        num_samples, infer_width, inference_data, label_data, accuracy_data);
+    AccuracyCudaKernel<PADDLE_CUDA_NUM_THREADS><<<
+        1, PADDLE_CUDA_NUM_THREADS, 0,
+        reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+            ctx.device_context())
+            .stream()>>>(num_samples, infer_width, inference_data, label_data,
+                         accuracy_data);
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/activation_op.cc

@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ class ActivationOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Y")->Resize(
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Y")->Resize(
         ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X")->dims());
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Y");
   }
 };
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ class ActivationOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
         ->Resize(ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Y")->dims());
   }
 };

paddle/operators/add_op.cc

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AddOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims(),
                       ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims(),
                       "Two input of Add Op's dimension must be same.");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(
         ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims());
   }
 };

paddle/operators/clip_op.cc

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
-using framework::LoDTensor;
-
 class ClipOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
   using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
@@ -29,11 +27,12 @@ class ClipOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                             "Input(X) of ClipOp should not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
                             "Output(Out) of ClipOp should not be null.");
-    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<LoDTensor>("X")->dims();
+    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
     auto max = Attr<float>("max");
     auto min = Attr<float>("min");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(min, max, "max should be greater than min.");
-    ctx.Output<LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(x_dims);
+    ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out")->Resize(x_dims);
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -66,8 +65,8 @@ class ClipOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) should not be null");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
                             "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
-    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<LoDTensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
+    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     if (x_grad != nullptr) {
       x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
     }

paddle/operators/concat_op.cc

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class ConcatOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                             "Output(Out) of ConcatOp should not be null.");
 
     auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<framework::Tensor>("X");
-    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     size_t axis = static_cast<size_t>(ctx.Attr<int>("axis"));
     size_t n = ins.size();
 

paddle/operators/conv2d_op.cc

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Conv2DOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
     auto in = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Input");
     auto filter = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Filter");
-    auto out = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Output");
+    auto out = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Output");
     std::vector<int> strides = Attr<std::vector<int>>("strides");
     std::vector<int> paddings = Attr<std::vector<int>>("paddings");
     int groups = Attr<int>("groups");
@@ -111,10 +111,9 @@ class Conv2DOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
     auto in = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Input");
     auto filter = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Filter");
-    auto d_in =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Input"));
+    auto d_in = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Input"));
     auto d_filter =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Filter"));
+        ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Filter"));
     if (d_in) d_in->Resize(in->dims());
     if (d_filter) d_filter->Resize(filter->dims());
   }

paddle/operators/cos_sim_op.cc

@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ class CosSimOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                    " just 1 (which will be broadcasted to match Input(X)).");
 
     // resize tensor
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize({x_dims[0], 1});
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("XNorm")->Resize({x_dims[0], 1});
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("YNorm")->Resize({y_dims[0], 1});
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize({x_dims[0], 1});
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("XNorm")->Resize({x_dims[0], 1});
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("YNorm")->Resize({y_dims[0], 1});
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -81,10 +82,13 @@ Cosine Similarity Operator.
 
 The equation is: Out = X^T * Y / (sqrt(X^T * X) * sqrt(Y^T * Y)).
 
-Input(X) and Input(Y) must have the same shape, except that the 1st dimension
-of Input(Y) could be just 1 (different from Input(X)), which will be
-broadcasted to match the shape of Input(X) before computing their cosine
+The input `X` and `Y` must have the same shape, except that the 1st dimension
+of input `Y` could be just 1 (different from input `X`), which will be
+broadcasted to match the shape of input `X` before computing their cosine
 similarity.
+
+Both the input `X` and `Y` can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. But the output only shares the LoD with input `X`.
 )DOC");
   }
 };
@@ -139,10 +143,8 @@ class CosSimOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                       "Shape of Input(Out@Grad) must be [X.Dim(0), 1].");
 
     // resize tensor
-    auto *x_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto *y_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
+    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *y_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
     if (x_grad) x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
     if (y_grad) y_grad->Resize(y_dims);
   }

paddle/operators/crop_op.cc

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
 using framework::Tensor;
-using framework::LoDTensor;
 
 class CropOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
@@ -31,9 +30,9 @@ class CropOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                             "Input(X) of CropOp should not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
                             "Output(Out) of CropOp should not be null.");
-    auto x_dim = ctx.Input<LoDTensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto *y = ctx.Input<LoDTensor>("Y");
-    auto *out = ctx.Output<LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto x_dim = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
+    auto *y = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y");
+    auto *out = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out");
     if (y == nullptr) {
       auto shape = Attr<std::vector<int>>("shape");
       PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
@@ -121,8 +120,8 @@ class CropOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) should not be null");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
                             "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
-    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<LoDTensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
+    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     if (x_grad != nullptr) {
       x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
     }

paddle/operators/crop_op.h

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ class CropKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
     auto out_stride = framework::stride(out->dims());
     auto offsets = context.Attr<std::vector<int>>("offsets");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
-        x->dims().size(), offsets.size(),
+        x->dims().size(), static_cast<int64_t>(offsets.size()),
         "Offsets size should be equal to dimension size of input tensor.");
     int64_t offset = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < offsets.size(); ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < offsets.size(); ++i) {
       offset += (x_stride[i] * offsets[i]);
     }
     StridedMemcpy<T>(context.device_context(), x_data + offset, x_stride,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void CropGradFunction(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) {
     d_x->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
     auto offsets = context.Attr<std::vector<int>>("offsets");
     Eigen::array<std::pair<int, int>, D> paddings;
-    for (int i = 0; i < D; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < D; ++i) {
       paddings[i].first = offsets[i];
       paddings[i].second = d_x->dims()[i] - d_out->dims()[i] - offsets[i];
     }

paddle/operators/cross_entropy_op.cc

@@ -17,41 +17,38 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
-using framework::LoDTensor;
-
 class CrossEntropyOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
   using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) must not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) should be not null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Label"),
-                            "Input(Label) must not be null.");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Y"), "Output(Y) must not be null.");
+                            "Input(Label) should be not null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Y"),
+                            "Output(Y) should be not null.");
 
     auto x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
     auto label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims().size(), 2, "Input(X)'s rank must be 2.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims().size(), 2, "Input(X)'s rank should be 2.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(label->dims().size(), 2,
-                      "Input(Label)'s rank must be 2.");
-    // TODO(xinghai-sun): remove this check after swtiching to bool
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 0 ||
-                   ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1);
+                      "Input(Label)'s rank should be 2.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims()[0], label->dims()[0],
-                      "The 1st dimension of Input(X) and Input(Label) must "
+                      "The 1st dimension of Input(X) and Input(Label) should "
                       "be equal.");
-    if (ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1) {
+    if (ctx.Attr<bool>("softLabel")) {
       PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims()[1], label->dims()[1],
-                        "If Attr(soft_label) == 1, The 2nd dimension of "
-                        "Input(X) and Input(Label) must be equal.");
+                        "If Attr(softLabel) == true, the 2nd dimension of "
+                        "Input(X) and Input(Label) should be equal.");
     } else {
       PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(label->dims()[1], 1,
-                        "If Attr(soft_label) == 0, The 2nd dimension of "
-                        "Input(Label) must be 1.");
+                        "If Attr(softLabel) == false, the 2nd dimension of "
+                        "Input(Label) should be 1.");
     }
 
-    ctx.Output<LoDTensor>("Y")->Resize({x->dims()[0], 1});
+    ctx.Output<Tensor>("Y")->Resize({x->dims()[0], 1});
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Y");
   }
 };
 
@@ -61,41 +58,41 @@ class CrossEntropyGradientOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) must not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) should be not null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Label"),
-                            "Input(Label) must not be null.");
+                            "Input(Label) should be not null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Y")),
-                            "Input(Y@GRAD) must not be null.");
+                            "Input(Y@GRAD) shoudl be not null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar(framework::GradVarName("X")),
+                            "Output(X@GRAD) should be not null.");
 
     auto x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
     auto label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
     auto dy = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims().size(), 2, "Input(X)'s rank must be 2.");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(dy->dims().size(), 2, "Input(Y@Grad)'s rank must be 2.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims().size(), 2, "Input(X)'s rank should be 2.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(dy->dims().size(), 2,
+                      "Input(Y@Grad)'s rank should be 2.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(label->dims().size(), 2,
-                      "Input(Label)'s rank must be 2.");
-    // TODO(xinghai-sun): remove this check after swtiching to bool
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 0 ||
-                   ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1);
+                      "Input(Label)'s rank should be 2.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims()[0], label->dims()[0],
-                      "The 1st dimension of Input(X) and Input(Label) must "
+                      "The 1st dimension of Input(X) and Input(Label) should "
                       "be equal.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims()[0], dy->dims()[0],
-                      "The 1st dimension of Input(X) and Input(Y@Grad) must "
+                      "The 1st dimension of Input(X) and Input(Y@Grad) should "
                       "be equal.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(dy->dims()[1], 1,
-                      "The 2nd dimension of Input(Y@Grad) must be 1.");
-    if (ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1) {
+                      "The 2nd dimension of Input(Y@Grad) should be 1.");
+    if (ctx.Attr<bool>("softLabel")) {
       PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims()[1], label->dims()[1],
-                        "If Attr(soft_label) == 1, The 2nd dimension of "
-                        "Input(X) and Input(Label) must be equal.");
+                        "When Attr(softLabel) == true, the 2nd dimension of "
+                        "Input(X) and Input(Label) should be equal.");
     } else {
       PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(label->dims()[1], 1,
-                        "If Attr(soft_label) == 0, The 2nd dimension of "
-                        "Input(Label) must be 1.");
+                        "When Attr(softLabel) == false, the 2nd dimension of "
+                        "Input(Label) should be 1.");
     }
 
-    auto dx = ctx.Output<LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     dx->Resize(x->dims());
   }
 };
@@ -105,23 +102,39 @@ class CrossEntropyOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
   CrossEntropyOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto,
                       framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
-    AddInput("X", "The first input of CrossEntropyOp");
-    AddInput("Label", "The second input of CrossEntropyOp");
-    AddOutput("Y", "The output of CrossEntropyOp");
-    AddAttr<int>("soft_label", "Is soft label. Default zero.").SetDefault(0);
-
+    AddInput("X",
+             "(Tensor, default Tensor<float>), a 2-D tensor with shape N x D, "
+             "where N is the batch size and D is the number of classes. "
+             "This input is a probability computed by the previous operator, "
+             "which is almost always the result of a softmax operator.");
+    AddInput(
+        "Label",
+        "(Tensor, default Tensor<int>), the ground truth which is "
+        "a 2-D tensor. "
+        "When softLabel is set to false, `Label` is a Tensor<int> with shape "
+        "[N x 1]. "
+        "When softLabel is set to true, `Label` is a Tensor<float/double> "
+        "with shape [N x K].");
+    AddOutput("Y",
+              "(Tensor, default Tensor<float>), a 2-D tensor "
+              "with shape [N x 1]. The cross entropy loss.");
+    AddAttr<bool>(
+        "softLabel",
+        "(bool, default false), a flag to indicate whether to interpretate "
+        "the given labels as soft labels.")
+        .SetDefault(false);
     AddComment(R"DOC(
 CrossEntropy Operator.
 
 It supports both standard cross-entropy and soft-label cross-entropy loss
 computation.
 1) One-hot cross-entropy:
-    soft_label = 0, Label[i, 0] indicates the class index for sample i:
+    softLabel = false, Label[i, 0] indicates the class index for sample i:
 
                 Y[i] = -log(X[i, Label[i]])
 
 2) Soft-label cross-entropy:
-    soft_label = 1, Label[i, j] indicates the soft label of class j
+    softLabel = true, Label[i, j] indicates the soft label of class j
     for sample i:
 
                 Y[i] = \sum_j{-Label[i, j] * log(X[i, j])}
@@ -133,6 +146,9 @@ computation.
      As a special case of 2), when each row of Input(Label) has only one
      non-zero element (equals 1), soft-label cross-entropy degenerates to a
      one-hot cross-entropy with one-hot label representation.
+
+Both the input `X` and `Label` can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. But the output only shares the LoD with input `X`.
 )DOC");
   }
 };

paddle/operators/cross_entropy_op.cu

@@ -28,26 +28,49 @@ __global__ void CrossEntropyKernel(T* Y, const T* X, const int* label,
   for (int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i < N;
        i += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {
     PADDLE_ASSERT(label[i] >= 0 && label[i] < D);
-    Y[i] = -tolerable_value(log(X[i * D + label[i]]));
+    Y[i] = -TolerableValue<T>()(log(X[i * D + label[i]]));
   }
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+__device__ __forceinline__ T sum_single_warp(T val) {
+  val += __shfl_down(val, 16);
+  val += __shfl_down(val, 8);
+  val += __shfl_down(val, 4);
+  val += __shfl_down(val, 2);
+  val += __shfl_down(val, 1);
+  return val;
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 __global__ void SoftCrossEntropyKernel(T* Y, const T* X, const T* label,
-                                       const int N, const int D) {
-  for (int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i < N;
-       i += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {
-    T sum = static_cast<T>(0);
-    for (int j = 0; j < D; j++) {
-      sum += label[i * D + j] * tolerable_value(log(X[i * D + j]));
-    }
-    Y[i] = -sum;
+                                       const int class_num) {
+  int tid = threadIdx.x;
+  extern __shared__ T d_sum[];
+  d_sum[tid] = 0;
+
+  int cur_idx = tid;
+  int next_idx = blockIdx.x * class_num + tid;
+  while (cur_idx < class_num) {
+    d_sum[tid] += TolerableValue<T>()(std::log(X[next_idx])) * label[next_idx];
+    next_idx += blockDim.x;
+    cur_idx += blockDim.x;
+  }
+  __syncthreads();
+
+  for (unsigned int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride >= 32; stride >>= 1) {
+    if (tid < stride) d_sum[tid] += d_sum[tid + stride];
+    __syncthreads();
   }
+
+  T val = d_sum[tid];
+  val = sum_single_warp<T>(val);
+  if (tid == 0) Y[blockIdx.x] = -val;
 }
 
-// TODO(qingqing): make zero setting an common function.
+// TODO(qingqing): make zero setting a common function.
 template <typename T>
-__global__ void zero(T* X, const int N) {
+__global__ void Zero(T* X, const int N) {
   for (int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i < N;
        i += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {
     X[i] = 0.0;
@@ -71,13 +94,10 @@ template <typename T>
 __global__ void SoftCrossEntropyGradientKernel(T* dX, const T* dY, const T* X,
                                                const T* label, const int N,
                                                const int D) {
-  // TOOD(qingqing): optimize for this kernel
-  for (int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i < N;
-       i += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < D; ++j) {
-      int idx = i * D + j;
-      dX[idx] = -label[idx] * dY[i] / X[idx];
-    }
+  int ids = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  if (ids < N * D) {
+    int row_ids = ids / D;
+    dX[ids] = -label[ids] * dY[row_ids] / X[ids];
   }
 }
 
@@ -86,29 +106,36 @@ class CrossEntropyOpCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_gpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
-                   "It must use GPUPlace.");
+                   "This kernel only runs on GPU device.");
 
-    auto x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    auto y = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Y");
-    auto label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
+    const Tensor* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    const Tensor* label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
+    Tensor* y = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Y");
 
-    auto* x_data = x->data<T>();
-    y->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
-    auto* y_data = y->data<T>();
+    const T* x_data = x->data<T>();
+    T* y_data = y->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
 
-    int n = x->dims()[0];
-    int d = x->dims()[1];
-    int block = 512;
-    int grid = (n + block - 1) / block;
-    // TODO(qingqing) launch kernel on specified stream
-    // base on ExecutionContext.
-    if (ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1) {
+    int batch_size = x->dims()[0];
+    int class_num = x->dims()[1];
+
+    if (ctx.Attr<bool>("softLabel")) {
       auto* label_data = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label")->data<T>();
-      SoftCrossEntropyKernel<T><<<grid, block>>>(y_data, x_data, label_data, n,
-                                                 d);
+      int block = class_num > 512 ? 512 : pow(2, int(std::log2(class_num)));
+
+      SoftCrossEntropyKernel<
+          T><<<batch_size, block, block * sizeof(T),
+               reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                   ctx.device_context())
+                   .stream()>>>(y_data, x_data, label_data, class_num);
     } else {
       auto* label_data = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label")->data<int>();
-      CrossEntropyKernel<T><<<grid, block>>>(y_data, x_data, label_data, n, d);
+      int block = 512;
+      int grid = (batch_size + block - 1) / block;
+      CrossEntropyKernel<T><<<
+          grid, block, 0, reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                              ctx.device_context())
+                              .stream()>>>(y_data, x_data, label_data,
+                                           batch_size, class_num);
     }
   }
 };
@@ -118,33 +145,43 @@ class CrossEntropyGradientOpCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_gpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
-                   "It must use GPUPlace.");
+                   "This kernel only runs on GPU device.");
+
+    const Tensor* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    const Tensor* label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
+    Tensor* dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
 
-    auto x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    auto dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto dy = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
-    auto label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
+    const T* dy_data =
+        ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"))->data<T>();
+    T* dx_data = dx->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    const T* x_data = x->data<T>();
 
-    auto* dx_data = dx->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
-    auto* dy_data = dy->data<T>();
-    auto* x_data = x->data<T>();
+    int batch_size = x->dims()[0];
+    int class_num = x->dims()[1];
 
-    int n = x->dims()[0];
-    int d = x->dims()[1];
     int block = 512;
-    int grid = (n * d + block - 1) / block;
-    zero<T><<<grid, block>>>(dx_data, n * d);
-    grid = (n + block - 1) / block;
-    // TODO(qingqing): launch kernel on specified stream
-    // base on ExecutionContext.
-    if (ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1) {
+    int grid = (batch_size * class_num + block - 1) / block;
+
+    if (ctx.Attr<bool>("softLabel")) {
       auto* label_data = label->data<T>();
-      SoftCrossEntropyGradientKernel<T><<<grid, block>>>(
-          dx_data, dy_data, x_data, label_data, n, d);
+      SoftCrossEntropyGradientKernel<T><<<
+          grid, block, 0, reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                              ctx.device_context())
+                              .stream()>>>(dx_data, dy_data, x_data, label_data,
+                                           batch_size, class_num);
     } else {
+      Zero<T><<<grid, block, 0,
+                reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                    ctx.device_context())
+                    .stream()>>>(dx_data, batch_size * class_num);
+
       auto* label_data = label->data<int>();
-      CrossEntropyGradientKernel<T><<<grid, block>>>(dx_data, dy_data, x_data,
-                                                     label_data, n, d);
+      grid = (batch_size + block - 1) / block;
+      CrossEntropyGradientKernel<T><<<
+          grid, block, 0, reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                              ctx.device_context())
+                              .stream()>>>(dx_data, dy_data, x_data, label_data,
+                                           batch_size, class_num);
     }
   }
 };

paddle/operators/cross_entropy_op.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
 #pragma once
+#include "paddle/framework/eigen.h"
 #include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
 #include "paddle/platform/hostdevice.h"
 
@@ -20,53 +21,51 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
 using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
+template <typename T, int MajorType = Eigen::RowMajor,
+          typename IndexType = Eigen::DenseIndex>
+using EigenMatrix = framework::EigenMatrix<T, MajorType, IndexType>;
 
 template <typename T>
-HOSTDEVICE T tolerable_value(const T x) {
-  PADDLE_ASSERT(std::is_floating_point<T>::value);
-  const T kApproInf = 1e20;
-  if (x == INFINITY) {
-    return kApproInf;
+struct TolerableValue {
+  HOSTDEVICE T operator()(const T& x) const {
+    PADDLE_ASSERT(std::is_floating_point<T>::value);
+    const T kApproInf = 1e20;
+
+    if (x == INFINITY) return kApproInf;
+    if (x == -INFINITY) return -kApproInf;
+    return x;
   }
-  if (x == -INFINITY) {
-    return -kApproInf;
-  }
-  return x;
-}
+};
 
 template <typename T>
 class CrossEntropyOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_cpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
-                   "It must use CPUPlace.");
-
-    auto x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    auto y = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Y");
-
-    auto* x_data = x->data<T>();
-    y->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
-    auto* y_data = y->data<T>();
-
-    int batch_size = x->dims()[0];
-    int class_num = x->dims()[1];
-
-    if (ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1) {
-      auto* label_data = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label")->data<T>();
-      int index = 0;
-      for (int i = 0; i < batch_size; ++i) {
-        T sum = static_cast<T>(0);
-        for (int j = 0; j < class_num; ++j) {
-          sum += label_data[index] * tolerable_value(std::log(x_data[index]));
-          y_data[i] = -sum;
-          index++;
-        }
-      }
+                   "This kernel only runs on CPU.");
+    const Tensor* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    const Tensor* labels = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
+    Tensor* y = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Y");
+    T* y_data = y->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    const int batch_size = x->dims()[0];
+    if (ctx.Attr<bool>("softLabel")) {
+      auto prob = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*x);
+      auto lbl_mat = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*labels);
+      auto loss = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*y);
+
+      loss.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<platform::CPUPlace>()) =
+          -((lbl_mat * prob.log().unaryExpr(TolerableValue<T>()))
+                .sum(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(1))
+                .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(batch_size, 1)));
     } else {
-      auto* label_data = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label")->data<int>();
+      const int class_num = x->dims()[1];
+      const T* x_data = x->data<T>();
+
+      const int* label_data = labels->data<int>();
       for (int i = 0; i < batch_size; ++i) {
         int index = i * class_num + label_data[i];
-        y_data[i] = -tolerable_value(std::log(x_data[index]));
+        y_data[i] = -TolerableValue<T>()(std::log(x_data[index]));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -77,33 +76,32 @@ class CrossEntropyGradientOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_cpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
-                   "It must use CPUPlace.");
-
-    auto x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    auto dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto dy = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
-    auto label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
+                   "This kernel only runs on CPU.");
+    const Tensor* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    const Tensor* dy = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
+    const Tensor* label = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label");
+    Tensor* dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    T* dx_data = dx->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
 
-    auto* dx_data = dx->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
-    auto* dy_data = dy->data<T>();
-    auto* x_data = x->data<T>();
-
-    int batch_size = x->dims()[0];
     int class_num = x->dims()[1];
-
-    // TODO(qingqing): make zero setting an common function.
-    if (ctx.Attr<int>("soft_label") == 1) {
-      auto* label_data = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Label")->data<T>();
-      int index = 0;
-      for (int i = 0; i < batch_size; ++i) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < class_num; ++j) {
-          dx_data[index] = -label_data[index] * dy_data[i] / x_data[index];
-          index++;
-        }
-      }
+    if (ctx.Attr<bool>("softLabel")) {
+      auto x_mat = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*x);
+      auto dy_mat = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*dy);
+      auto lbl_mat = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*label);
+      auto dx_mat = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*dx);
+
+      dx_mat.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<platform::CPUPlace>()) =
+          -(lbl_mat * dy_mat.broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(1, class_num)) /
+            x_mat);
     } else {
-      auto* label_data = label->data<int>();
+      int batch_size = x->dims()[0];
+      const T* dy_data = dy->data<T>();
+      const T* x_data = x->data<T>();
+      const int* label_data = label->data<int>();
+
+      // TODO(qingqing): make zero setting a common function.
       memset(dx_data, 0, sizeof(T) * batch_size * class_num);
+
       for (int i = 0; i < batch_size; ++i) {
         PADDLE_ASSERT(label_data[i] >= 0 || label_data[i] < class_num);
         int index = i * class_num + label_data[i];

paddle/operators/dropout_op.cc

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
 using framework::Tensor;
-using framework::LoDTensor;
 
 class DropoutOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
@@ -29,15 +28,13 @@ class DropoutOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) must not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(ctx.Attr<float>("dropout_prob"), 0);
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(ctx.Attr<float>("dropout_prob"), 1);
-    // TODO(xinghai-sun): remove this check after swtiching to bool
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx.Attr<int>("is_training") == 0 ||
-                   ctx.Attr<int>("is_training") == 1);
 
     auto dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
-    ctx.Output<LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(dims);
-    if (ctx.Attr<int>("is_training") == 1) {
-      ctx.Output<LoDTensor>("Mask")->Resize(dims);
+    ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out")->Resize(dims);
+    if (ctx.Attr<bool>("is_training")) {
+      ctx.Output<Tensor>("Mask")->Resize(dims);
     }
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -49,8 +46,7 @@ class DropoutOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
     AddAttr<AttrType>("dropout_prob", "Probability of setting units to zero.")
         .SetDefault(.5f);
-    // TODO(xinghai-sun): use bool for is_training after bool is supported.
-    AddAttr<int>("is_training", "Whether in training phase.").SetDefault(1);
+    AddAttr<bool>("is_training", "Whether in training phase.").SetDefault(true);
     AddAttr<int>("seed", "Dropout random seed.").SetDefault(0);
     AddInput("X", "The input of dropout op.");
     AddOutput("Out", "The output of dropout op.");
@@ -59,7 +55,7 @@ class DropoutOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
     AddComment(R"DOC(
 Dropout Operator.
 
-"Dropout" refers to randomly dropping out units in a nerual network. It is a
+'Dropout' refers to randomly dropping out units in a nerual network. It is a
 regularization technique for reducing overfitting by preventing neuron
 co-adaption during training. The dropout operator randomly set (according to
 the given dropout probability) the outputs of some units to zero, while others
@@ -75,8 +71,8 @@ class DropoutOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(ctx.Attr<int>("is_training"), 1,
-                      "GradOp is only callable when is_training is true");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx.Attr<bool>("is_training"),
+                   "GradOp is only callable when is_training is true");
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) must not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Mask"), "Mask must not be null.");
@@ -85,9 +81,6 @@ class DropoutOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(ctx.Attr<AttrType>("dropout_prob"), 0);
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(ctx.Attr<AttrType>("dropout_prob"), 1);
-    // TODO(xinghai-sun): remove this check after swtiching to bool
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx.Attr<int>("is_training") == 0 ||
-                   ctx.Attr<int>("is_training") == 1);
     auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
     auto out_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"))->dims();
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x_dims, out_dims,
@@ -96,7 +89,7 @@ class DropoutOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x_dims, mask_dims,
                       "Dimensions of Input(X) and Mask must be the same.");
 
-    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
   }
 };

paddle/operators/dropout_op.cu

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class GPUDropoutKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
     auto Y = EigenMatrix<T>::Reshape(*y, 1);
 
     auto place = context.GetEigenDevice<Place>();
-    if (context.Attr<int>("is_training") == 1) {
+    if (context.Attr<bool>("is_training")) {
       auto* mask = context.Output<Tensor>("Mask");
       auto* mask_data = mask->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
       int size = framework::product(mask->dims());

paddle/operators/dropout_op.h

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class CPUDropoutKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
     auto* y_data = y->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
     AttrType dropout_prob = context.Attr<AttrType>("dropout_prob");
 
-    if (context.Attr<int>("is_training") == 1) {
+    if (context.Attr<bool>("is_training")) {
       auto* mask = context.Output<Tensor>("Mask");
       auto* mask_data = mask->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
       int seed = context.Attr<int>("seed");
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ template <typename Place, typename T>
 class DropoutGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(context.Attr<int>("is_training"), 1,
-                      "GradOp is only callable when is_training is true");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(context.Attr<bool>("is_training"),
+                   "GradOp is only callable when is_training is true");
 
     auto* grad_x = context.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     auto* grad_y = context.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));

paddle/operators/elementwise_add_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_add_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+class ElementwiseAddOpMaker : public ElementwiseOpMaker {
+ public:
+  ElementwiseAddOpMaker(framework::OpProto* proto,
+                        framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+      : ElementwiseOpMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    SetComment("add", "Out = X + Y");
+    AddComment(comment_);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP(elementwise_add, ops::ElementwiseOp, ops::ElementwiseAddOpMaker,
+            elementwise_add_grad, ops::ElementwiseOpGrad);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_add,
+    ops::ElementwiseAddKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_add_grad,
+    ops::ElementwiseAddGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/sequence_avg_pool_op.cu → paddle/operators/elementwise_add_op.cu

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
    limitations under the License. */
 
 #define EIGEN_USE_GPU
-
-#include "paddle/operators/sequence_avg_pool_op.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_add_op.h"
 
 namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+
 REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
-    sequence_avg_pool,
-    ops::SequenceAvgPoolKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+    elementwise_add,
+    ops::ElementwiseAddKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
 REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
-    sequence_avg_pool_grad,
-    ops::SequenceAvgPoolGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+    elementwise_add_grad,
+    ops::ElementwiseAddGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/elementwise_add_op.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class ElementwiseAddKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    ElementwiseCompute<EigenAddFunctor, Place, T>(ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseAddGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseAddOneGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = dz_e.sum();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseAddBroadCastGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = dz_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, n))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 1>{{0}});
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseAddBroadCast2GradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N, typename Post>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n,
+                  Post post) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = dz_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, n, post))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 2>{{0, 2}});
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class ElementwiseAddGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    ElementwiseGradCompute<Place, T, ElementwiseAddGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseAddOneGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseAddBroadCastGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseAddBroadCast2GradFunctor<T>>(ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/elementwise_div_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_div_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+class ElementwiseDivOpMaker : public ElementwiseOpMaker {
+ public:
+  ElementwiseDivOpMaker(framework::OpProto* proto,
+                        framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+      : ElementwiseOpMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    SetComment("Div", "Out = X / Y");
+    AddComment(comment_);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP(elementwise_div, ops::ElementwiseOp, ops::ElementwiseDivOpMaker,
+            elementwise_div_grad, ops::ElementwiseOpGrad);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_div,
+    ops::ElementwiseDivKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_div_grad,
+    ops::ElementwiseDivGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/elementwise_div_op.cu

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#define EIGEN_USE_GPU
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_div_op.h"
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_div,
+    ops::ElementwiseDivKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_div_grad,
+    ops::ElementwiseDivGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/elementwise_div_op.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class ElementwiseDivKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    ElementwiseCompute<EigenDivFunctor, Place, T>(ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseDivGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz) {
+    auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);
+    auto z_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*z);
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e / y_e;
+    }
+
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = -1.0 * dz_e * z_e / y_e;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseDivBroadCastGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n) {
+    auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);
+    auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+
+    auto y_e_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(1, n))
+                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, 1))
+                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
+
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e / y_e_bcast;
+    }
+
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (-1.0 * (x_e * dz_e) / (y_e_bcast * y_e_bcast))
+                           .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, n))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 1>{{0}});
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseDivBroadCast2GradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N, typename Post>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n,
+                  Post post) {
+    auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);
+    auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+
+    auto y_e_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(1, n, 1))
+                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, 1, post))
+                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e / y_e_bcast;
+    }
+
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (-1.0 * (x_e * dz_e) / (y_e_bcast * y_e_bcast))
+                           .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, n, post))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 2>{{0, 2}});
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class ElementwiseDivGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    ElementwiseGradCompute<Place, T, ElementwiseDivGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseDivGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseDivBroadCastGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseDivBroadCast2GradFunctor<T>>(ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/elementwise_mul_op.cc

@@ -17,101 +17,25 @@
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
-using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
-
-class ElementWiseMulOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
- public:
-  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
-
- protected:
-  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"),
-                            "Input(X) of ElementWiseMulOp should not be null.");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Y"),
-                            "Input(Y) of ElementWiseMulOp should not be null.");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
-        ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
-        "Output(Out) of ElementWiseMulOp should not be null.");
-
-    auto x_dim = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto y_dim = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims();
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(x_dim.size(), y_dim.size(),
-                      "Rank of first input must >= rank of second input.")
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(x_dim);
-  }
-};
-
-class ElementWiseMulOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+class ElementwiseMulOpMaker : public ElementwiseOpMaker {
  public:
-  ElementWiseMulOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto,
-                        framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
-      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
-    AddInput("X", "The first input of elementwise mul op");
-    AddInput("Y", "The second input of elementwise mul op");
-    AddAttr<int>("axis",
-                 R"DOC(
-When shape(Y) does not equal shape(X),Y will be broadcasted 
-to match the shape of X and axis should be dimension index Y in X
-        )DOC")
-        .SetDefault(-1)
-        .EqualGreaterThan(-1);
-
-    AddOutput("Out", "The output of elementwise mul op");
-    AddComment(R"DOC(
-Limited elementwise multiple operator.The equation is: Out = X ⊙ Y.
-1. The shape of Y should be same with X or
-2. Y's shape is a subset of X. 
-   Y will be broadcasted to match the shape of X and axis should be dimension index Y in X.
-   example:
-      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (,)
-      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (5,)
-      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (4, 5)
-      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (3, 4), with axis=1
-      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (2), with axis=0
-)DOC");
+  ElementwiseMulOpMaker(framework::OpProto* proto,
+                        framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+      : ElementwiseOpMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    SetComment("Mul", "Out = X ⊙ Y");
+    AddComment(comment_);
   }
 };
 
-class ElementWiseMulOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
- public:
-  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
-
- protected:
-  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) should not be null");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Y"), "Input(Y) should not be null");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
-                            "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
-
-    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto y_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims();
-    auto out_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"))->dims();
-    auto *x_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto *y_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
-
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(x_dims.size(), y_dims.size(),
-                      "Rank of first input must >= rank of second input.")
-
-    if (x_grad) {
-      x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
-    }
-
-    if (y_grad) {
-      y_grad->Resize(y_dims);
-    }
-  }
-};
 }  // namespace operators
 }  // namespace paddle
 
 namespace ops = paddle::operators;
-REGISTER_OP(elementwise_mul, ops::ElementWiseMulOp, ops::ElementWiseMulOpMaker,
-            elementwise_mul_grad, ops::ElementWiseMulOpGrad);
+REGISTER_OP(elementwise_mul, ops::ElementwiseOp, ops::ElementwiseMulOpMaker,
+            elementwise_mul_grad, ops::ElementwiseOpGrad);
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
     elementwise_mul,
-    ops::ElementWiseMulKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+    ops::ElementwiseMulKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
     elementwise_mul_grad,
-    ops::ElementWiseMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+    ops::ElementwiseMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/elementwise_mul_op.cu

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace ops = paddle::operators;
 
 REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
     elementwise_mul,
-    ops::ElementWiseMulKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+    ops::ElementwiseMulKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
 REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
     elementwise_mul_grad,
-    ops::ElementWiseMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+    ops::ElementwiseMulGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/elementwise_mul_op.h

@@ -13,171 +13,104 @@
    limitations under the License. */
 
 #pragma once
-#include "paddle/framework/eigen.h"
-#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_op.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
-/*
- * Out = X ⊙ Y
- * 1. shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (3, 4), with axis=1
- *    pre=2, n=3*4, post=5
- * 2. shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (4,5)
- *    pre=2*3, n=4*5, post=1
- */
-
-inline void get_mid_dims(const framework::DDim& x_dims,
-                         const framework::DDim& y_dims, const int axis,
-                         int& pre, int& n, int& post) {
-  pre = 1;
-  n = 1;
-  post = 1;
-  for (int i = 0; i < axis; ++i) {
-    pre *= x_dims[i];
-  }
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < y_dims.size(); ++i) {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x_dims[i + axis], y_dims[i],
-                      "Broadcast dimension mismatch.");
-    n *= y_dims[i];
-  }
-
-  for (int i = axis + y_dims.size(); i < x_dims.size(); ++i) {
-    post *= x_dims[i];
-  }
-}
 
 template <typename Place, typename T>
-class ElementWiseMulKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+class ElementwiseMulKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
-    using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
-
-    auto* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    auto* y = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y");
-    auto* z = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out");
-    z->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    ElementwiseCompute<EigenMulFunctor, Place, T>(ctx);
+  }
+};
 
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseMulGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz) {
     auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);
     auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);
-    auto z_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*z);
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
 
-    auto x_dims = x->dims();
-    auto y_dims = y->dims();
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(x_dims.size(), y_dims.size(),
-                      "Rank of first input must >= rank of second input.")
-
-    if (x_dims == y_dims || product(y_dims) == 1) {
-      z_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = x_e * y_e;
-      return;
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e * y_e;
     }
 
-    int axis = ctx.Attr<int>("axis");
-    axis = (axis == -1 ? x_dims.size() - y_dims.size() : axis);
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE(axis >= 0 && axis < x_dims.size(),
-                   "Axis should be in range [0, x_dims)");
-
-    int pre, n, post;
-    get_mid_dims(x_dims, y_dims, axis, pre, n, post);
-    if (post == 1) {
-      auto y_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(1, n))
-                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, 1))
-                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
-      z_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = x_e * y_bcast;
-      return;
-    } else {
-      auto y_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(1, n, 1))
-                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, 1, post))
-                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
-      z_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = x_e * y_bcast;
-      return;
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = x_e * dz_e;
     }
   }
 };
 
-template <typename Place, typename T>
-class ElementWiseMulGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
- public:
-  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
-    using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
-
-    auto* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    auto* y = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y");
-    auto* dout = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
-
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseMulBroadCastGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n) {
     auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);
     auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);
-    auto dout_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dout);
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
 
-    auto x_dims = x->dims();
-    auto y_dims = y->dims();
+    auto y_e_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(1, n))
+                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, 1))
+                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
 
-    auto* dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto* dy = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
     if (dx) {
-      dx->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e * y_e_bcast;
     }
+
     if (dy) {
-      dy->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (x_e * dz_e)
+                           .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, n))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 1>{{0}});
     }
+  }
+};
 
-    if (x_dims == y_dims || product(y_dims) == 1) {
-      if (dx) {
-        auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
-        dx_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = dout_e * y_e;
-      }
-
-      if (dy) {
-        auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
-        dy_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = x_e * dout_e;
-      }
-      return;
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseMulBroadCast2GradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N, typename Post>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n,
+                  Post post) {
+    auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);
+    auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+
+    auto y_e_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(1, n, 1))
+                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, 1, post))
+                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e * y_e_bcast;
     }
 
-    int axis = ctx.Attr<int>("axis");
-    axis = (axis == -1 ? x_dims.size() - y_dims.size() : axis);
-
-    int pre, n, post;
-    get_mid_dims(x_dims, y_dims, axis, pre, n, post);
-
-    // TODO(gongweibao): wrap reshape to a function.
-    if (post == 1) {
-      auto y_e_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(1, n))
-                           .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, 1))
-                           .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
-      if (dx) {
-        auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
-        dx_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = dout_e * y_e_bcast;
-      }
-
-      if (dy) {
-        auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
-        dy_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) =
-            (x_e * dout_e)
-                .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, n))
-                .sum(Eigen::array<int, 1>{{0}});
-      }
-      return;
-    } else {
-      auto y_e_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(1, n, 1))
-                           .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, 1, post))
-                           .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));
-      if (dx) {
-        auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
-        dx_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = dout_e * y_e_bcast;
-      }
-
-      if (dy) {
-        auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
-        dy_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) =
-            (x_e * dout_e)
-                .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, n, post))
-                .sum(Eigen::array<int, 2>{{0, 2}});
-      }
-      return;
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (x_e * dz_e)
+                           .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, n, post))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 2>{{0, 2}});
     }
   }
 };
 
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class ElementwiseMulGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    ElementwiseGradCompute<Place, T, ElementwiseMulGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseMulGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseMulBroadCastGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseMulBroadCast2GradFunctor<T>>(ctx);
+  }
+};
+
 }  // namespace operators
 }  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/elementwise_op.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <iostream>
+#include "paddle/framework/eigen.h"
+#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/math/math_function.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+/*
+ * Out = X ⊙ Y
+ * If Y's shape does not match X' shape, they will be reshaped.
+ * For example:
+ * 1. shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (3, 4), with axis=1
+ *    pre=2, n=3*4, post=5
+ *    x.shape(2, 12, 5) * y.shape(1,12,1).broadcast(2,12,5)
+ * 2. shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (4,5)
+ *    pre=2*3, n=4*5, post=1
+ *    x.shape(2, 3, 20) * y.shape(1,1,20).broadcast(2,3,20)
+ */
+inline void get_mid_dims(const framework::DDim& x_dims,
+                         const framework::DDim& y_dims, const int axis,
+                         int& pre, int& n, int& post) {
+  pre = 1;
+  n = 1;
+  post = 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < axis; ++i) {
+    pre *= x_dims[i];
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < y_dims.size(); ++i) {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x_dims[i + axis], y_dims[i],
+                      "Broadcast dimension mismatch.");
+    n *= y_dims[i];
+  }
+
+  for (int i = axis + y_dims.size(); i < x_dims.size(); ++i) {
+    post *= x_dims[i];
+  }
+}
+
+#define EIGEN_FUNCTOR(name, eigen_op)                                          \
+  struct Eigen##name##Functor {                                                \
+    template <typename Place, typename T>                                      \
+    inline void Run(const framework::Tensor* x, const framework::Tensor* y,    \
+                    framework::Tensor* z,                                      \
+                    const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) {                  \
+      auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);                       \
+      auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);                       \
+      auto z_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*z);                       \
+      z_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = eigen_op(x_e, y_e);            \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename Place, typename T>                                      \
+    inline void RunBroadCast(const framework::Tensor* x,                       \
+                             const framework::Tensor* y, framework::Tensor* z, \
+                             const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx, int pre,  \
+                             int n) {                                          \
+      auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);                       \
+      auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);                       \
+      auto z_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*z);                       \
+      auto y_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(1, n))                  \
+                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, 1))             \
+                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));          \
+      z_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = eigen_op(x_e, y_bcast);        \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename Place, typename T>                                      \
+    inline void RunBroadCast2(const framework::Tensor* x,                      \
+                              const framework::Tensor* y,                      \
+                              framework::Tensor* z,                            \
+                              const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx, int pre, \
+                              int n, int post) {                               \
+      auto x_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*x);                       \
+      auto y_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*y);                       \
+      auto z_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*z);                       \
+      auto y_bcast = y_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(1, n, 1))               \
+                         .broadcast(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, 1, post))       \
+                         .reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 1>(x_e.size()));          \
+      z_e.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = eigen_op(x_e, y_bcast);        \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }
+
+template <class functor, typename Place, typename T>
+void ElementwiseCompute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) {
+  using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
+
+  auto* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+  auto* y = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y");
+  auto* z = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out");
+  z->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+  auto x_dims = x->dims();
+  auto y_dims = y->dims();
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(x_dims.size(), y_dims.size(),
+                    "Rank of first input must >= rank of second input.")
+
+  if (x_dims == y_dims || product(y_dims) == 1) {
+    functor f;
+    f.template Run<Place, T>(x, y, z, ctx);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int axis = ctx.Attr<int>("axis");
+  axis = (axis == -1 ? x_dims.size() - y_dims.size() : axis);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(axis >= 0 && axis < x_dims.size(),
+                 "Axis should be in range [0, x_dims)");
+
+  int pre, n, post;
+  get_mid_dims(x_dims, y_dims, axis, pre, n, post);
+  if (post == 1) {
+    functor f;
+    f.template RunBroadCast<Place, T>(x, y, z, ctx, pre, n);
+    return;
+  } else {
+    functor f;
+    f.template RunBroadCast2<Place, T>(x, y, z, ctx, pre, n, post);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+#define EIGEN_ADD(x, y) ((x) + (y))
+EIGEN_FUNCTOR(Add, EIGEN_ADD);
+
+#define EIGEN_SUB(x, y) ((x) - (y))
+EIGEN_FUNCTOR(Sub, EIGEN_SUB);
+
+#define EIGEN_MUL(x, y) ((x) * (y))
+EIGEN_FUNCTOR(Mul, EIGEN_MUL);
+
+#define EIGEN_DIV(x, y) ((x) / (y))
+EIGEN_FUNCTOR(Div, EIGEN_DIV);
+
+template <typename Place, typename T, typename functor, typename functor1,
+          typename broadcastfunctor, typename broadcast2functor>
+void ElementwiseGradCompute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) {
+  using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
+
+  auto* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+  auto* y = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y");
+  auto* out = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Out");
+  auto* dout = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
+
+  auto place = ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>();
+
+  auto x_dims = x->dims();
+  auto y_dims = y->dims();
+
+  auto* dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+  auto* dy = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
+  if (dx) {
+    dx->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+  }
+  if (dy) {
+    dy->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+  }
+
+  if (x_dims == y_dims) {
+    functor f;
+    f(place, x, y, out, dx, dy, dout);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (product(y_dims) == 1) {
+    functor1 f;
+    f(place, x, y, out, dx, dy, dout);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int axis = ctx.Attr<int>("axis");
+  axis = (axis == -1 ? x_dims.size() - y_dims.size() : axis);
+
+  int pre, n, post;
+  get_mid_dims(x_dims, y_dims, axis, pre, n, post);
+
+  if (post == 1) {
+    broadcastfunctor f;
+    f(place, x, y, out, dx, dy, dout, pre, n);
+    return;
+  } else {
+    broadcast2functor f;
+    f(place, x, y, out, dx, dy, dout, pre, n, post);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+class ElementwiseOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+ protected:
+  using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
+  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext& ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"),
+                            "Input(X) of elementwise op should not be null");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Y"),
+                            "Input(Y) of elementwise op should not be null");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
+        ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
+        "Output(Out) of elementwise op should not be null.");
+
+    auto x_dim = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
+    auto y_dim = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims();
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(x_dim.size(), y_dim.size(),
+                      "Rank of first input must >= rank of second input.")
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(x_dim);
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
+  }
+};
+
+class ElementwiseOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  ElementwiseOpMaker(framework::OpProto* proto,
+                     framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("X", R"DOC(
+The first input of elementwise op, it's a tensor of any dimensions.
+)DOC");
+    AddInput("Y", R"DOC(
+The sencond input of elementwise op, it's a tensor and it's dimensions
+must be small or equal to X's dimensions.
+)DOC");
+    AddAttr<int>("axis",
+                 R"DOC(
+When the shape(Y) does not equal the shape(X),Y will be broadcasted 
+to match the shape of X and axis should be dimension index Y in X
+        )DOC")
+        .SetDefault(-1)
+        .EqualGreaterThan(-1);
+
+    AddOutput("Out", "The output of elementwise op");
+    comment_ = R"DOC(
+Limited elementwise {name} operator.The equation is: Out = {equation}.
+1. The shape of Y should be same with X or
+2. Y's shape is a subset of X. 
+   Y will be broadcasted to match the shape of X and axis should be dimension index Y in X.
+
+   example:
+      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (,)
+      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (5,)
+      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (4, 5)
+      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (3, 4), with axis=1
+      shape(X) = (2, 3, 4, 5), shape(Y) = (2), with axis=0
+
+Both the input X and Y can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. But the output only shares the LoD with input X.
+)DOC";
+    AddComment(comment_);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::string comment_;
+
+  void Replace(std::string& src, std::string from, std::string to) {
+    std::size_t len_from = std::strlen(from.c_str());
+    std::size_t len_to = std::strlen(to.c_str());
+    for (std::size_t pos = src.find(from); pos != std::string::npos;
+         pos = src.find(from, pos + len_to)) {
+      src.replace(pos, len_from, to);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void SetComment(std::string name, std::string equation) {
+    Replace(comment_, "{name}", name);
+    Replace(comment_, "{equation}", equation);
+  }
+};
+
+class ElementwiseOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+  using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
+
+ protected:
+  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext& ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) should not be null");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Y"), "Input(Y) should not be null");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
+                            "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
+
+    auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
+    auto y_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims();
+    auto out_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"))->dims();
+    auto* x_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto* y_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(x_dims.size(), y_dims.size(),
+                      "Rank of first input must >= rank of second input.")
+
+    if (x_grad) {
+      x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
+    }
+
+    if (y_grad) {
+      y_grad->Resize(y_dims);
+    }
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/elementwise_sub_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_sub_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+class ElementwiseSubOpMaker : public ElementwiseOpMaker {
+ public:
+  ElementwiseSubOpMaker(framework::OpProto* proto,
+                        framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+      : ElementwiseOpMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    SetComment("Sub", "Out = X - Y");
+    AddComment(comment_);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP(elementwise_sub, ops::ElementwiseOp, ops::ElementwiseSubOpMaker,
+            elementwise_sub_grad, ops::ElementwiseOpGrad);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_sub,
+    ops::ElementwiseSubKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_sub_grad,
+    ops::ElementwiseSubGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/elementwise_sub_op.cu

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#define EIGEN_USE_GPU
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_sub_op.h"
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_sub,
+    ops::ElementwiseSubKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    elementwise_sub_grad,
+    ops::ElementwiseSubGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/elementwise_sub_op.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "paddle/operators/elementwise_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class ElementwiseSubKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    ElementwiseCompute<EigenSubFunctor, Place, T>(ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseSubGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (-1.0) * dz_e;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseSubOneGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (-1.0) * dz_e.sum();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseSubBroadCastGradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (-1.0) *
+                       dz_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 2>(pre, n))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 1>{{0}});
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ElementwiseSubBroadCast2GradFunctor {
+  template <typename Device, typename X, typename Y, typename Z, typename dX,
+            typename dY, typename dZ, typename Pre, typename N, typename Post>
+  void operator()(Device d, X x, Y y, Z z, dX dx, dY dy, dZ dz, Pre pre, N n,
+                  Post post) {
+    auto dz_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dz);
+    if (dx) {
+      auto dx_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dx);
+      dx_e.device(d) = dz_e;
+    }
+
+    if (dy) {
+      auto dy_e = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*dy);
+      dy_e.device(d) = (-1.0) *
+                       dz_e.reshape(Eigen::DSizes<int, 3>(pre, n, post))
+                           .sum(Eigen::array<int, 2>{{0, 2}});
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class ElementwiseSubGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    ElementwiseGradCompute<Place, T, ElementwiseSubGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseSubOneGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseSubBroadCastGradFunctor<T>,
+                           ElementwiseSubBroadCast2GradFunctor<T>>(ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/fc_op.cc

@@ -186,6 +186,9 @@ W_i is a 2-D matrix of size (K x N), where N means the number of neurons
 in the fully connected layer. B is a 1-D vector of size N.
 Thus, the output Out is a 2-D matrix of size (M x N).
 Activation type can be set to `identity` (default), `sigmoid` or `softmax`.
+
+All the inputs can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. But the output only shares the LoD with first input (`X[0]`).
 )DOC");
   }
 };

paddle/operators/fill_zeros_like_op.cc

@@ -23,15 +23,14 @@ class FillZerosLikeOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
-        ctx.InputVar("Src"),
-        "Input(Src) of FillZerosLikeOp should not be null.");
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
-        ctx.OutputVar("Dst"),
-        "Output(Dst) of FillZerosLikeOp should not be null.");
-
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Dst")->Resize(
-        ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Src")->dims());
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"),
+                            "Input(X) of FillZerosLikeOp should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Y"),
+                            "Output(Y) of FillZerosLikeOp should not be null.");
+
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Y")->Resize(
+        ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X")->dims());
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Y");
   }
 };
 
@@ -40,8 +39,8 @@ class FillZerosLikeOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
   FillZerosLikeOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto,
                        framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
       : framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
-    AddInput("Src", "The input of fill-zeros-like op.");
-    AddOutput("Dst", "The varibale will be filled up with zeros.");
+    AddInput("X", "The input of fill-zeros-like op.");
+    AddOutput("Y", "The varibale will be filled up with zeros.");
     AddComment(R"DOC(
 Fill up a vriable with zeros.
 

paddle/operators/fill_zeros_like_op.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ template <typename Place, typename T>
 class FillZerosLikeKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
-    auto* output = context.Output<framework::Tensor>("Dst");
+    auto* output = context.Output<framework::Tensor>("Y");
     output->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
     auto t = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*output);
     t.device(context.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = t.constant(static_cast<T>(0));

paddle/operators/gather_op.cc

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class GatherOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(batch_size, 0, "Batch size must be >0");
     framework::DDim output_dims(ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims());
     output_dims[0] = batch_size;
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(output_dims);
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(output_dims);
   }
 };
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class GatherGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    auto X_grad = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto X_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     auto X = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
 
     X_grad->Resize(X->dims());

paddle/operators/gaussian_random_op.cc

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class GaussianRandomOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
         ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
         "Output(Out) of GaussianRandomOp should not be null.");
 
-    auto* tensor = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto* tensor = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     auto dims = Attr<std::vector<int>>("dims");
     std::vector<int64_t> temp;
     temp.reserve(dims.size());

paddle/operators/lookup_table_op.cc

@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ class LookupTableOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
     auto table_t = ctx.Input<Tensor>("W");
     auto ids_t = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Ids");
-    auto output_t = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto output_t = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
 
     output_t->Resize({ids_t->dims()[0], table_t->dims()[1]});
+    ctx.ShareLoD("Ids", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -50,9 +51,13 @@ class LookupTableOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
              "An input with type int32 or int64"
              "contains the ids to be looked up in W.");
     AddOutput("Out", "The lookup results, which have the same type with W.");
-    AddComment(
-        "This operator is used to perform lookups on the parameter W,"
-        "then concatenated into a dense tensor.");
+    AddComment(R"DOC(
+This operator is used to perform lookups on the parameter W,
+then concatenated into a dense tensor.
+
+The input `Ids` can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. And the output only shares the LoD with input `Ids`.
+)DOC");
   }
 };
 
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ class LookupTableOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &context) const override {
     auto table = context.Input<Tensor>("W");
     auto d_table =
-        context.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("W"));
+        context.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("W"));
     d_table->Resize(table->dims());
   }
 };

paddle/operators/lookup_table_op.cu

@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@ class LookupTableCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
 
     dim3 threads(128, 8);
     dim3 grids(8, 1);
-    LookupTable<T, 128, 8, 8><<<grids, threads>>>(output, table, ids, N, K, D);
+    LookupTable<T, 128, 8, 8><<<
+        grids, threads, 0, reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                               context.device_context())
+                               .stream()>>>(output, table, ids, N, K, D);
   }
 };
 
@@ -102,8 +105,10 @@ class LookupTableGradCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
 
     dim3 threads(128, 8);
     dim3 grids(8, 1);
-    LookupTableGrad<T, 128, 8, 8><<<grids, threads>>>(d_table, d_output, ids, N,
-                                                      K, D);
+    LookupTableGrad<T, 128, 8, 8><<<
+        grids, threads, 0, reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                               context.device_context())
+                               .stream()>>>(d_table, d_output, ids, N, K, D);
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/lstm_unit_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/lstm_unit_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+class LstmUnitOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+ protected:
+  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"),
+                            "Input(X) of LSTM should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("C_prev"),
+                            "Input(C_prev) of LSTM should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("C"),
+                            "Output(C) of LSTM should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("H"),
+                            "Output(H) of LSTM should not be null.");
+
+    auto *x = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
+    auto *c_prev = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("C_prev");
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims().size(), 2, "Input(X)'s rank must be 2.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(x->dims()[0] == c_prev->dims()[0],
+                   "Batch size of inputs and states must be equal");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(x->dims()[1] == c_prev->dims()[1] * 4,
+                   "Dimension of FC should equal to prev state * 4");
+
+    int b_size = c_prev->dims()[0];  // batch size
+    int s_dim = c_prev->dims()[1];   // state dim
+    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("C")->Resize({b_size, s_dim});
+    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("H")->Resize({b_size, s_dim});
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename AttrType>
+class LstmUnitOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  LstmUnitOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto,
+                  framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("X", "FC input before the non-linear activation.");
+    AddInput(
+        "C_prev",
+        "The cell state tensor of last time-step in the Lstm Unit operator.");
+    AddOutput("C", "The cell tensor of Lstm Unit operator.");
+    AddOutput("H", "The hidden state tensor of Lstm Unit operator.");
+
+    AddComment(R"DOC(Lstm-Unit Operator
+
+Equation: 
+  i, f, o, j = split(X)
+  C = C_prev * sigm(f + forget_bias) + sigm(i) * tanh(j)
+  H = C * sigm(o)
+   
+)DOC");
+    AddAttr<AttrType>("forget_bias", "The forget bias of Lstm Unit.")
+        .SetDefault(0.0);
+  }
+};
+
+class LstmUnitGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+ protected:
+  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("C")),
+                            "Input(C@GRAD) should not be null");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("H")),
+                            "Input(H@GRAD) should not be null");
+    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
+        ->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims());
+    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("C_prev"))
+        ->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>("C_prev")->dims());
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP(lstm_unit, ops::LstmUnitOp, ops::LstmUnitOpMaker<float>,
+            lstm_unit_grad, ops::LstmUnitGradOp);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(lstm_unit,
+                       ops::LstmUnitKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    lstm_unit_grad, ops::LstmUnitGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/lstm_unit_op.cu

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/cross_entropy_op.h"
+#include "paddle/platform/assert.h"
+#include "paddle/platform/hostdevice.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+#define CUDA_1D_KERNEL_LOOP(i, n)                              \
+  for (int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i < (n); \
+       i += blockDim.x * gridDim.x)
+
+template <typename Dtype>
+__device__ Dtype cuda_sigmoid(const Dtype x) {
+  return Dtype(1) / (Dtype(1) + exp(-x));
+}
+
+template <typename Dtype>
+__device__ Dtype cuda_tanh(const Dtype x) {
+  return Dtype(1 - exp(-2. * x)) / (Dtype(1) + exp(-2. * x));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+__global__ void LSTMUnitKernel(const int nthreads, const int dim,
+                               const T* C_prev, const T* X, T* C, T* H,
+                               const T forget_bias) {
+  CUDA_1D_KERNEL_LOOP(index, nthreads) {
+    const int n = index / dim;
+    const int d = index % dim;
+
+    const T* X_offset = X + 4 * dim * n;
+    const T i = cuda_sigmoid(X_offset[d]);
+    const T f = cuda_sigmoid(X_offset[1 * dim + d] + forget_bias);
+    const T o = cuda_sigmoid(X_offset[2 * dim + d]);
+    const T g = cuda_tanh(X_offset[3 * dim + d]);
+    const T c_prev = C_prev[index];
+    const T c = f * c_prev + i * g;
+    C[index] = c;
+    const T tanh_c = cuda_tanh(c);
+    H[index] = o * tanh_c;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+__global__ void LSTMUnitGradientKernel(const int nthreads, const int dim,
+                                       const T* C_prev, const T* X, const T* C,
+                                       const T* H, const T* C_diff,
+                                       const T* H_diff, T* C_prev_diff,
+                                       T* X_diff, const T forget_bias) {
+  CUDA_1D_KERNEL_LOOP(index, nthreads) {
+    const int n = index / dim;
+    const int d = index % dim;
+    const T* X_offset = X + 4 * dim * n;
+    T* c_prev_diff = C_prev_diff + index;
+    T* X_diff_offset = X_diff + 4 * dim * n;
+    T* i_diff = X_diff_offset + d;
+    T* f_diff = X_diff_offset + 1 * dim + d;
+    T* o_diff = X_diff_offset + 2 * dim + d;
+    T* g_diff = X_diff_offset + 3 * dim + d;
+
+    const T i = cuda_sigmoid(X_offset[d]);
+    const T f = cuda_sigmoid(X_offset[1 * dim + d] + forget_bias);
+    const T o = cuda_sigmoid(X_offset[2 * dim + d]);
+    const T g = cuda_tanh(X_offset[3 * dim + d]);
+    const T c_prev = C_prev[index];
+    const T c = C[index];
+    const T tanh_c = cuda_tanh(c);
+    const T c_term_diff =
+        C_diff[index] + H_diff[index] * o * (1 - tanh_c * tanh_c);
+    *c_prev_diff = c_term_diff * f;
+    *i_diff = c_term_diff * g * i * (1 - i);
+    *f_diff = c_term_diff * c_prev * f * (1 - f);
+    *o_diff = H_diff[index] * tanh_c * o * (1 - o);
+    *g_diff = c_term_diff * i * (1 - g * g);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename AttrType = T>
+class LstmUnitOpCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_gpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
+                   "It must use GPUPlace.");
+
+    auto* x_tensor = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
+    auto* c_prev_tensor = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("C_prev");
+    auto* c_tensor = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("C");
+    auto* h_tensor = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("H");
+
+    auto forget_bias = static_cast<T>(ctx.Attr<AttrType>("forget_bias"));
+
+    int b_size = c_tensor->dims()[0];
+    int D = c_tensor->dims()[1];
+
+    const T* X = x_tensor->data<T>();
+    const T* C_prev = c_prev_tensor->data<T>();
+
+    T* C = c_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    T* H = h_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    int block = 512;
+    int n = b_size * D;
+    int grid = (n + block - 1) / block;
+
+    LSTMUnitKernel<T><<<grid, block>>>(n, D, C_prev, X, C, H, forget_bias);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename AttrType = T>
+class LstmUnitGradOpCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_gpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
+                   "It must use GPUPlace.");
+
+    auto x_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    auto c_prev_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("C_prev");
+    auto c_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("C");
+    auto h_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("H");
+
+    auto hdiff_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("H"));
+    auto cdiff_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("C"));
+
+    auto xdiff_tensor = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto c_prev_diff_tensor =
+        ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("C_prev"));
+
+    auto* X = x_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* C_prev = c_prev_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* C = c_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* H = h_tensor->data<T>();
+
+    auto* H_diff = hdiff_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* C_diff = cdiff_tensor->data<T>();
+
+    auto* C_prev_diff = c_prev_diff_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    auto* X_diff = xdiff_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    int N = c_tensor->dims()[0];
+    int D = c_tensor->dims()[1];
+
+    auto forget_bias = static_cast<T>(ctx.Attr<AttrType>("forget_bias"));
+
+    int block = 512;
+    int n = N * D;
+    int grid = (n + block - 1) / block;
+
+    LSTMUnitGradientKernel<T><<<grid, block>>>(n, D, C_prev, X, C, H, C_diff,
+                                               H_diff, C_prev_diff, X_diff,
+                                               forget_bias);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(lstm_unit, ops::LstmUnitOpCUDAKernel<float>);
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(lstm_unit_grad, ops::LstmUnitGradOpCUDAKernel<float>);

paddle/operators/lstm_unit_op.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "glog/logging.h"
+#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+using framework::LoDTensor;
+using framework::Tensor;
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T sigmoid(T x) {
+  return 1. / (1. + exp(-x));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T tanh(T x) {
+  return 2. * sigmoid(2. * x) - 1.;
+}
+
+template <typename Place, typename T, typename AttrType = T>
+class LstmUnitKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_cpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
+                   "It must use CPUPlace.");
+
+    auto* x_tensor = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
+    auto* c_prev_tensor = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("C_prev");
+    auto* c_tensor = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("C");
+    auto* h_tensor = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("H");
+
+    auto forget_bias = static_cast<T>(ctx.Attr<AttrType>("forget_bias"));
+
+    int b_size = c_tensor->dims()[0];
+    int D = c_tensor->dims()[1];
+
+    T* C = c_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    T* H = h_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    const T* X = x_tensor->data<T>();
+    const T* C_prev = c_prev_tensor->data<T>();
+
+    for (int n = 0; n < b_size; ++n) {
+      for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
+        const T i = sigmoid(X[d]);
+        const T f = sigmoid(X[1 * D + d] + forget_bias);
+        const T o = sigmoid(X[2 * D + d]);
+        const T g = tanh(X[3 * D + d]);
+        const T c_prev = C_prev[d];
+        const T c = f * c_prev + i * g;
+        C[d] = c;
+        const T tanh_c = tanh(c);
+        H[d] = o * tanh_c;
+      }
+      C_prev += D;
+      X += 4 * D;
+      C += D;
+      H += D;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Place, typename T, typename AttrType = T>
+class LstmUnitGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_cpu_place(ctx.GetPlace()),
+                   "It must use CPUPlace.");
+
+    auto x_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    auto c_prev_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("C_prev");
+    auto c_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("C");
+    auto h_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>("H");
+
+    auto hdiff_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("H"));
+    auto cdiff_tensor = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("C"));
+
+    auto xdiff_tensor = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto c_prev_diff_tensor =
+        ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("C_prev"));
+
+    auto* X = x_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* C_prev = c_prev_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* C = c_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* H = h_tensor->data<T>();
+
+    auto* H_diff = hdiff_tensor->data<T>();
+    auto* C_diff = cdiff_tensor->data<T>();
+
+    auto* C_prev_diff = c_prev_diff_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    auto* X_diff = xdiff_tensor->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    int N = c_tensor->dims()[0];
+    int D = c_tensor->dims()[1];
+
+    auto forget_bias = static_cast<T>(ctx.Attr<AttrType>("forget_bias"));
+
+    for (int n = 0; n < N; ++n) {
+      for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
+        T* c_prev_diff = C_prev_diff + d;
+        T* i_diff = X_diff + d;
+        T* f_diff = X_diff + 1 * D + d;
+        T* o_diff = X_diff + 2 * D + d;
+        T* g_diff = X_diff + 3 * D + d;
+
+        const T i = sigmoid(X[d]);
+        const T f = sigmoid(X[1 * D + d] + forget_bias);
+        const T o = sigmoid(X[2 * D + d]);
+        const T g = tanh(X[3 * D + d]);
+        const T c_prev = C_prev[d];
+        const T c = C[d];
+        const T tanh_c = tanh(c);
+        const T c_term_diff = C_diff[d] + H_diff[d] * o * (1 - tanh_c * tanh_c);
+        *c_prev_diff = c_term_diff * f;
+        *i_diff = c_term_diff * g * i * (1 - i);
+        *f_diff = c_term_diff * c_prev * f * (1 - f);
+        *o_diff = H_diff[d] * tanh_c * o * (1 - o);
+        *g_diff = c_term_diff * i * (1 - g * g);
+      }
+      C_prev += D;
+      X += 4 * D;
+      C += D;
+      H += D;
+      C_diff += D;
+      H_diff += D;
+      X_diff += 4 * D;
+      C_prev_diff += D;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/math/math_function.cc

@@ -48,6 +48,32 @@ void gemm<platform::CPUPlace, double>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
               beta, C, ldc);
 }
 
+template <>
+void gemm<platform::CPUPlace, float>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
+                                     const bool transA, const bool transB,
+                                     const int M, const int N, const int K,
+                                     const float alpha, const float* A,
+                                     const int lda, const float* B,
+                                     const int ldb, const float beta, float* C,
+                                     const int ldc) {
+  cblas_sgemm(CblasRowMajor, transA == false ? CblasNoTrans : CblasTrans,
+              transB == false ? CblasNoTrans : CblasTrans, M, N, K, alpha, A,
+              lda, B, ldb, beta, C, ldc);
+}
+
+template <>
+void gemm<platform::CPUPlace, double>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
+                                      const bool transA, const bool transB,
+                                      const int M, const int N, const int K,
+                                      const double alpha, const double* A,
+                                      const int lda, const double* B,
+                                      const int ldb, const double beta,
+                                      double* C, const int ldc) {
+  cblas_dgemm(CblasRowMajor, transA == false ? CblasNoTrans : CblasTrans,
+              transB == false ? CblasNoTrans : CblasTrans, M, N, K, alpha, A,
+              lda, B, ldb, beta, C, ldc);
+}
+
 template <>
 void matmul<platform::CPUPlace, float>(
     const platform::DeviceContext& context, const framework::Tensor& matrix_a,

paddle/operators/math/math_function.cu

@@ -63,6 +63,42 @@ void gemm<platform::GPUPlace, double>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
       cuTransB, cuTransA, N, M, K, &alpha, B, ldb, A, lda, &beta, C, N));
 }
 
+template <>
+void gemm<platform::GPUPlace, float>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
+                                     const bool transA, const bool transB,
+                                     const int M, const int N, const int K,
+                                     const float alpha, const float* A,
+                                     const int lda, const float* B,
+                                     const int ldb, const float beta, float* C,
+                                     const int ldc) {
+  // Note that cublas follows fortran order, so the order is different from
+  // the cblas convention.
+  cublasOperation_t cuTransA = transA == false ? CUBLAS_OP_N : CUBLAS_OP_T;
+  cublasOperation_t cuTransB = transB == false ? CUBLAS_OP_N : CUBLAS_OP_T;
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::dynload::cublasSgemm(
+      reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(context)
+          .cublas_handle(),
+      cuTransB, cuTransA, N, M, K, &alpha, B, ldb, A, lda, &beta, C, ldc));
+}
+
+template <>
+void gemm<platform::GPUPlace, double>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
+                                      const bool transA, const bool transB,
+                                      const int M, const int N, const int K,
+                                      const double alpha, const double* A,
+                                      const int lda, const double* B,
+                                      const int ldb, const double beta,
+                                      double* C, const int ldc) {
+  // Note that cublas follows fortran order, so the order is different from
+  // the cblas convention.
+  cublasOperation_t cuTransA = transA == false ? CUBLAS_OP_N : CUBLAS_OP_T;
+  cublasOperation_t cuTransB = transB == false ? CUBLAS_OP_N : CUBLAS_OP_T;
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::dynload::cublasDgemm(
+      reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(context)
+          .cublas_handle(),
+      cuTransB, cuTransA, N, M, K, &alpha, B, ldb, A, lda, &beta, C, ldc));
+}
+
 template <>
 void matmul<platform::GPUPlace, float>(
     const platform::DeviceContext& context, const framework::Tensor& matrix_a,

paddle/operators/math/math_function.h

@@ -70,6 +70,13 @@ void gemm(const platform::DeviceContext& context, const CBLAS_TRANSPOSE transA,
           const CBLAS_TRANSPOSE transB, const int M, const int N, const int K,
           const T alpha, const T* A, const T* B, const T beta, T* C);
 
+// gemm wrapper with stride args for matrix uncontinuous in memory
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+void gemm(const platform::DeviceContext& context, const bool transA,
+          const bool transB, const int M, const int N, const int K,
+          const T alpha, const T* A, const int lda, const T* B, const int ldb,
+          const T beta, T* C, const int ldc);
+
 // matrix multiply with continuous memory
 template <typename Place, typename T>
 void matmul(const platform::DeviceContext& context,

paddle/operators/math/math_function_test.cc

@@ -72,4 +72,174 @@ TEST(math_function, trans_mul_notrans) {
   EXPECT_EQ(out_ptr[8], 29);
   delete gpu_place;
 }
+
+TEST(math_function, gemm_notrans_cublas) {
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input1;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input2;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input3;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input1_gpu;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input2_gpu;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input3_gpu;
+
+  int m = 2;
+  int n = 3;
+  int k = 3;
+  auto* cpu_place = new paddle::platform::CPUPlace();
+  float* input1_ptr = input1.mutable_data<float>({2, 3}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr1[6] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+  memcpy(input1_ptr, arr1, 6 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input2_ptr = input2.mutable_data<float>({3, 4}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr2[12] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11};
+  memcpy(input2_ptr, arr2, 12 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input3_ptr = input3.mutable_data<float>({2, 4}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr3[8] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+  memcpy(input3_ptr, arr3, 8 * sizeof(float));
+
+  auto* gpu_place = new paddle::platform::GPUPlace(0);
+  paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext context(*gpu_place);
+
+  input1_gpu.CopyFrom<float>(input1, *gpu_place);
+  input2_gpu.CopyFrom<float>(input2, *gpu_place);
+  input3_gpu.CopyFrom<float>(input3, *gpu_place);
+  float* a = input1_gpu.data<float>();
+  float* b = input2_gpu.data<float>();
+  float* c = input3_gpu.mutable_data<float>(*gpu_place);
+
+  paddle::operators::math::gemm<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>(
+      context, false, false, m, n, k, 1, a, 3, b + 1, 4, 1, c + 1, 4);
+
+  input3.CopyFrom<float>(input3_gpu, *cpu_place);
+
+  // numpy code:
+  // a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+  // b = np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4)[:, 1:]
+  // c = np.arange(8).reshape(2, 4)[:, 1:]
+  // out = np.arange(8).reshape(2, 4)
+  // out[:, 1:] = np.dot(a, b) + c
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[0], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[1], 24);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[2], 28);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[3], 32);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[4], 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[5], 73);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[6], 86);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[7], 99);
+  delete gpu_place;
+}
+
+TEST(math_function, gemm_trans_cublas) {
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input1;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input2;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input3;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input1_gpu;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input2_gpu;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input3_gpu;
+
+  int m = 2;
+  int n = 3;
+  int k = 3;
+  auto* cpu_place = new paddle::platform::CPUPlace();
+  float* input1_ptr = input1.mutable_data<float>({2, 3}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr1[6] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+  memcpy(input1_ptr, arr1, 6 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input2_ptr = input2.mutable_data<float>({4, 3}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr2[12] = {0, 4, 8, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11};
+  memcpy(input2_ptr, arr2, 12 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input3_ptr = input3.mutable_data<float>({2, 4}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr3[8] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+  memcpy(input3_ptr, arr3, 8 * sizeof(float));
+
+  auto* gpu_place = new paddle::platform::GPUPlace(0);
+  paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext context(*gpu_place);
+
+  input1_gpu.CopyFrom<float>(input1, *gpu_place);
+  input2_gpu.CopyFrom<float>(input2, *gpu_place);
+  input3_gpu.CopyFrom<float>(input3, *gpu_place);
+  float* a = input1_gpu.data<float>();
+  float* b = input2_gpu.data<float>();
+  float* c = input3_gpu.mutable_data<float>(*gpu_place);
+
+  paddle::operators::math::gemm<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>(
+      context, false, true, m, n, k, 1, a, 3, b + 3, 3, 1, c + 1, 4);
+
+  input3.CopyFrom<float>(input3_gpu, *cpu_place);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[0], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[1], 24);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[2], 28);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[3], 32);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[4], 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[5], 73);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[6], 86);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[7], 99);
+  delete gpu_place;
+}
 #endif
+
+TEST(math_function, gemm_notrans_cblas) {
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input1;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input2;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input3;
+
+  int m = 2;
+  int n = 3;
+  int k = 3;
+  auto* cpu_place = new paddle::platform::CPUPlace();
+  float* input1_ptr = input1.mutable_data<float>({2, 3}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr1[6] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+  memcpy(input1_ptr, arr1, 6 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input2_ptr = input2.mutable_data<float>({3, 4}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr2[12] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11};
+  memcpy(input2_ptr, arr2, 12 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input3_ptr = input3.mutable_data<float>({2, 4}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr3[8] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+  memcpy(input3_ptr, arr3, 8 * sizeof(float));
+
+  paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext context(*cpu_place);
+  paddle::operators::math::gemm<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>(
+      context, false, false, m, n, k, 1, input1_ptr, 3, input2_ptr + 1, 4, 1,
+      input3_ptr + 1, 4);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[0], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[1], 24);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[2], 28);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[3], 32);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[4], 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[5], 73);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[6], 86);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[7], 99);
+}
+
+TEST(math_function, gemm_trans_clbas) {
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input1;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input2;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input3;
+
+  int m = 2;
+  int n = 3;
+  int k = 3;
+  auto* cpu_place = new paddle::platform::CPUPlace();
+  float* input1_ptr = input1.mutable_data<float>({2, 3}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr1[6] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+  memcpy(input1_ptr, arr1, 6 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input2_ptr = input2.mutable_data<float>({4, 3}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr2[12] = {0, 4, 8, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11};
+  memcpy(input2_ptr, arr2, 12 * sizeof(float));
+  float* input3_ptr = input3.mutable_data<float>({2, 4}, *cpu_place);
+  float arr3[8] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+  memcpy(input3_ptr, arr3, 8 * sizeof(float));
+
+  paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext context(*cpu_place);
+  paddle::operators::math::gemm<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>(
+      context, false, true, m, n, k, 1, input1_ptr, 3, input2_ptr + 3, 3, 1,
+      input3_ptr + 1, 4);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[0], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[1], 24);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[2], 28);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[3], 32);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[4], 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[5], 73);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[6], 86);
+  EXPECT_EQ(input3_ptr[7], 99);
+}

paddle/operators/mean_op.cc

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class MeanOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                             "Input(X) of MeanOp should not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
                             "Output(Out) of MeanOp should not be null.");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize({1});
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize({1});
   }
 };
 
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ class MeanOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
     AddInput("X", "The input of mean op");
     AddOutput("Out", "The output of mean op").NotInGradient();
-    AddComment("Mean Operator");
+    AddComment(R"DOC( Mean Operator
+)DOC");
   }
 };
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class MeanGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
         ->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims());
   }
 };

paddle/operators/minus_op.cc

@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ class MinusOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
         left_tensor->numel(), right_tensor->numel(),
         "Minus operator must take two tensor with same num of elements");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(left_tensor->dims());
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(left_tensor->dims());
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -54,7 +55,12 @@ class MinusOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
 
     AddComment(R"DOC(Minus Operator
 
-Equation: Out = X - Y
+Equation:
+
+    Out = X - Y
+
+Both the input `X` and `Y` can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. But the output only shares the LoD with input `X`.
 )DOC");
   }
 };

paddle/operators/modified_huber_loss_op.cc

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ class ModifiedHuberLossOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims().size(), 2, "The tensor rank of X must be 2.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x->dims()[1], 1, "The 2nd dimension of X must be 1.");
 
-    context.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("IntermediateVal")->Resize(x->dims());
-    context.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize({x->dims()[0], 1});
+    context.Output<framework::Tensor>("IntermediateVal")->Resize(x->dims());
+    context.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize({x->dims()[0], 1});
   }
 };
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ModifiedHuberLossGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     auto* intermediate_val = context.Input<Tensor>("IntermediateVal");
     auto* out_grad = context.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
     auto* x_grad =
-        context.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+        context.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(x, "X must be initialized.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(y, "Y must be initialized.");

paddle/operators/modified_huber_loss_op.h

@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ class ModifiedHuberLossKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
     auto* in0 = context.Input<Tensor>("X");
     auto* in1 = context.Input<Tensor>("Y");
-    auto* out0 = context.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("IntermediateVal");
-    auto* out1 = context.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto* out0 = context.Output<framework::Tensor>("IntermediateVal");
+    auto* out1 = context.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
 
     out0->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
     out1->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
@@ -77,11 +77,9 @@ class ModifiedHuberLossGradCPUKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
     auto* in0 = context.Input<Tensor>("Y");
-    auto* in1 = context.Input<framework::LoDTensor>("IntermediateVal");
-    auto* in2 =
-        context.Input<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
-    auto* out0 =
-        context.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto* in1 = context.Input<framework::Tensor>("IntermediateVal");
+    auto* in2 = context.Input<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
+    auto* out0 = context.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
 
     if (out0) {
       const T* y_ptr = in0->data<T>();

paddle/operators/mul_op.cc

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
 using framework::Tensor;
-using framework::LoDTensor;
 
 class MulOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
@@ -53,8 +52,9 @@ class MulOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
         x_mat_dims[1], y_mat_dims[0],
         "First matrix's width must be equal with second matrix's height.");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(
         {x_mat_dims[0], y_mat_dims[1]});
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -83,9 +83,14 @@ class MulOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
         .SetDefault(1)
         .EqualGreaterThan(1);
     AddComment(R"DOC(
-Two Element Mul Operator.
+Mul operator is used to perform matrix multiplication for input X and Y.
 
-The equation is: Out = X * Y
+The equation is:
+
+    Out = X * Y
+
+Both the input `X` and `Y` can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. But the output only shares the LoD with input `X`.
 )DOC");
   }
 };
@@ -103,10 +108,8 @@ class MulOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
     auto y_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims();
     auto out_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"))->dims();
-    auto *x_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto *y_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
+    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *y_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
 
     auto x_mat_dims =
         framework::flatten_to_2d(x_dims, Attr<int>("x_num_col_dims"));

paddle/operators/multiplex_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/operators/multiplex_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
+
+class MultiplexOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+ protected:
+  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("Ids"),
+                            "Input(Ids) shouldn't be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(!ctx.MultiInputVar("X").empty(),
+                   "MultiInput(X) shouldn't be empty.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
+                            "Output(Out) shouldn't be null.");
+    auto ids_dim = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Ids")->dims();
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(
+        ids_dim.size() == 2 && ids_dim[1] == 1,
+        "The index tensor must be a vector with size batchSize x 1.");
+
+    auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<Tensor>("X");
+    auto *out = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out");
+    auto num_ins = ins.size();
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(num_ins > 1,
+                   "multiplex operator should have more than "
+                   "one candidate input tensors.");
+
+    auto in_dim = ins[0]->dims();
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(in_dim.size() >= 2,
+                   "The rank of candidate tensors must be not less than 2.");
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < num_ins; i++) {
+      auto dim = ins[i]->dims();
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE(in_dim == dim,
+                     "All the candidate tensors must have the same size.");
+    }
+    out->Resize(in_dim);
+  }
+};
+
+class MultiplexOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  MultiplexOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto,
+                   framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("Ids", "The index tensor of multiplex operator.");
+    AddInput("X", "The candidate tensors of multiplex operator.")
+        .AsDuplicable();
+    AddOutput("Out", "The output tensor of multiplex operator.");
+    AddComment(R"DOC(Multiplex operator
+
+Multiplex multiple tensors according to the index provided by the index tensor.
+
+Ids: the index tensor.
+X[0 : N - 1]: the candidate tensors for output (N >= 2).
+For each index i from 0 to batchSize - 1, the output is the i-th row of the
+the (Ids[i])-th tensor.
+
+For i-th row of the output tensor:
+
+y[i] = x_{k}[i]
+
+where y is the output tensor. `x_{k}` is the k-th input tensor
+and `k = Ids[i]`.
+)DOC");
+  }
+};
+
+class MultiplexGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+ public:
+  using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
+
+ protected:
+  void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(!ctx.MultiInputVar("X").empty(),
+                   "Input(X) should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(!ctx.MultiOutputVar(framework::GradVarName("X")).empty(),
+                   "Output(X@Grad) should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
+                            "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null.");
+    auto d_ins = ctx.MultiOutput<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<Tensor>("X");
+    // No need to compute gradient for Input(Ids)
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ins.size(); i++) {
+      if (d_ins[i]) {
+        d_ins[i]->Resize(ins[i]->dims());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+
+REGISTER_OP(multiplex, ops::MultiplexOp, ops::MultiplexOpMaker, multiplex_grad,
+            ops::MultiplexGradOp);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    multiplex, ops::MultiplexCPUKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    multiplex_grad,
+    ops::MultiplexGradCPUKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/multiplex_op.cu

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/multiplex_op.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class MultiplexGPUKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
+    auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<Tensor>("X");
+    auto* ids = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Ids");
+    auto* out = ctx.Output<Tensor>("Out");
+    out->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    auto rows = ins[0]->dims()[0];
+    auto cols = ins[0]->numel() / rows;
+    // copy index to cpu
+    Tensor index_t_cpu;
+    index_t_cpu.CopyFrom<int32_t>(*ids, platform::CPUPlace());
+    auto* index = index_t_cpu.data<int32_t>();
+    auto stream = reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                      ctx.device_context())
+                      .stream();
+    Place place = boost::get<Place>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    for (auto i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+      int32_t k = index[i];
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(k, 0, "index must be nonnegative.");
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(k, ins.size(),
+                        "index exceeds the number of candidate tensors.");
+      memory::Copy(place, out->data<T>() + i * cols, place,
+                   ins[k]->data<T>() + i * cols, cols * sizeof(T), stream);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class MultiplexGradGPUKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
+    auto* d_out = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
+    auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<Tensor>("X");
+    auto* ids = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Ids");
+    auto d_ins = ctx.MultiOutput<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < d_ins.size(); i++) {
+      if (d_ins[i]) {
+        d_ins[i]->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+        auto t = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*d_ins[i]);
+        t.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = t.constant(static_cast<T>(0));
+      }
+    }
+
+    auto rows = ins[0]->dims()[0];
+    auto cols = ins[0]->numel() / rows;
+    // copy index to cpu
+    Tensor index_t_cpu;
+    index_t_cpu.CopyFrom<int32_t>(*ids, platform::CPUPlace());
+    auto* index = index_t_cpu.data<int32_t>();
+
+    auto stream = reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                      ctx.device_context())
+                      .stream();
+    Place place = boost::get<Place>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    for (auto i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+      size_t k = static_cast<size_t>(index[i]);
+      if (d_ins[k]) {
+        memory::Copy(place, d_ins[k]->data<T>() + i * cols, place,
+                     d_out->data<T>() + i * cols, cols * sizeof(T), stream);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    multiplex, ops::MultiplexGPUKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    multiplex_grad,
+    ops::MultiplexGradGPUKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/multiplex_op.h

+
+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/framework/eigen.h"
+#include "paddle/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/memory/memcpy.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class MultiplexCPUKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
+    auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<framework::Tensor>("X");
+    auto ids = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Ids");
+    auto* out = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
+
+    out->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+
+    auto rows = ins[0]->dims()[0];
+    auto cols = ins[0]->numel() / rows;
+    auto index = ids->data<int32_t>();
+    Place place = boost::get<Place>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    for (auto i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+      int32_t k = index[i];
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(k, 0, "index must be nonnegative.");
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(static_cast<size_t>(k), ins.size(),
+                        "index exceeds the number of candidate tensors.");
+      memory::Copy(place, out->data<T>() + i * cols, place,
+                   ins[k]->data<T>() + i * cols, cols * sizeof(T));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Place, typename T>
+class MultiplexGradCPUKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
+    auto* d_out = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
+    auto* ids = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Ids");
+    auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<framework::Tensor>("X");
+    auto d_ins =
+        ctx.MultiOutput<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < d_ins.size(); i++) {
+      if (d_ins[i]) {
+        d_ins[i]->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+        auto t = framework::EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*d_ins[i]);
+        t.device(ctx.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) = t.constant(static_cast<T>(0));
+      }
+    }
+
+    auto rows = ins[0]->dims()[0];
+    auto cols = ins[0]->numel() / rows;
+    auto* index = ids->data<int32_t>();
+    Place place = boost::get<Place>(ctx.GetPlace());
+    for (auto i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+      size_t k = static_cast<size_t>(index[i]);
+      if (d_ins[k]) {
+        memory::Copy(place, d_ins[k]->data<T>() + i * cols, place,
+                     d_out->data<T>() + i * cols, cols * sizeof(T));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/pad_op.cc

@@ -39,8 +39,13 @@ class PadOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     for (int i = 0; i < x_dim.size(); ++i) {
       out_dims[i] = x_dim[i] + paddings[i * 2] + paddings[i * 2 + 1];
     }
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(
         framework::make_ddim(out_dims));
+    if (out_dims[0] == x_dim[0]) {
+      // Only pass LoD when the first dimension is equal between
+      // output and input.
+      ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
+    }
   }
 };
 
@@ -101,7 +106,7 @@ class PadOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
                             "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
     auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto *x_g = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *x_g = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     if (x_g != nullptr) {
       x_g->Resize(x_dims);
     }

paddle/operators/prelu_op.cc

@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ class PReluOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
                             "Output(Out) should not be null");
-    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     out->Resize(in->dims());
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -55,6 +56,8 @@ The equation is:
   f(x) = alpha * x , for x < 0
   f(x) = x         , for x >= 0
 
+The input `X` can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. And the output shares the LoD with input `X`.
 )DOC");
   }
 };
@@ -69,11 +72,11 @@ class PReluGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) must not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
                             "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
-    auto *dx = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *dx = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     auto *x = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
 
     auto *dalpha =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Alpha"));
+        ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Alpha"));
     auto *alpha = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Alpha");
 
     dx->Resize(x->dims());

paddle/operators/rank_loss_op.cc

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class RankLossOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                    "All inputs must have the same size");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE((label_dims.size() == 2) && (label_dims[1] == 1),
                    "All inputs must be row vector with size batch_size x 1.");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(label_dims);
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(label_dims);
   }
 };
 
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ class RankLossGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                             "Input(Out@GRAD) shouldn't be null.");
     auto dims = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Left")->dims();
     auto *left_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Left"));
+        ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Left"));
     auto *right_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Right"));
+        ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Right"));
     if (left_grad) {
       left_grad->Resize(dims);
     }

paddle/operators/rank_loss_op.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ template <typename Place, typename T>
 class RankLossKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
-    auto* out_t = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto* out_t = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     auto* label_t = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Label");
     auto* left_t = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Left");
     auto* right_t = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Right");
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ class RankLossGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
     auto* d_left_t =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Left"));
+        ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Left"));
     auto* d_right_t =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Right"));
+        ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Right"));
 
     auto* d_out_t = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
     auto* label_t = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("Label");

paddle/operators/recurrent_op.cc

@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ void RecurrentAlgorithm::CreateScopes(const Scope& scope) const {
   // Now all variables in scope must be created outside of op.
   PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(stepnet_);
   PADDLE_ENFORCE(!(*stepnet_)->Outputs().empty(), "stepnet_ op has no outputs");
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(!(*stepnet_)->Outputs().empty(), "net_op has no outputs");
 
   if (seq_len_ > step_scopes->size()) {
     for (size_t i = step_scopes->size(); i < seq_len_; ++i) {
@@ -129,8 +128,8 @@ const rnn::ArgumentName RecurrentOp::kArgName{
     "memories", "pre_memories", "boot_memories"};
 
 const rnn::ArgumentName RecurrentGradientOp::kArgName{
-    "step_net", "step_scopes",  "outlink@grad",      "inlink@grad",
-    "memories", "pre_memories", "boot_memories@grad"};
+    "step_net", "step_scopes@GRAD", "outlinks@GRAD",     "inlinks@GRAD",
+    "memories", "pre_memories",     "boot_memories@GRAD"};
 
 RecurrentOp::RecurrentOp(const std::string& type,
                          const framework::VariableNameMap& inputs,
@@ -226,13 +225,13 @@ RecurrentGradientOp::RecurrentGradientOp(
     const framework::VariableNameMap& outputs,
     const framework::AttributeMap& attrs)
     : OperatorBase(type, inputs, outputs, attrs) {
-  rnn::InitArgument(kArgName, &arg_, *this);
+  rnn::InitArgument(kArgName, &arg_, *this, true /*is grad*/);
   alg_.Init(&arg_, &stepnet_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace operators
 }  // namespace paddle
 
-REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(
-    recurrent, paddle::operators::RecurrentOp,
-    paddle::operators::RecurrentAlgorithmProtoAndCheckerMaker);
+REGISTER_OP(recurrent, paddle::operators::RecurrentOp,
+            paddle::operators::RecurrentAlgorithmProtoAndCheckerMaker,
+            recurrent_grad, paddle::operators::RecurrentGradientOp);

paddle/operators/recurrent_op.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
 // The sequence format in RecurrentOp is Tensor<seq_len, batch_size, dim> now.
-// TODO(Yan Chunwei):
+// TODO(Superjom)
 // 1. No-padding computing for sequences with indifinite length in one batch.
 // 2. Hierarchical RNN for sequence with sub-sequence.
 // 3. Internal Memory.
@@ -177,6 +177,9 @@ class RecurrentGradientOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
 
   static const rnn::ArgumentName kArgName;
 
+  /*
+   * set a stepnet that is created according to a RecurrentOp's stepnet.
+   */
   void set_stepnet(std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase> net) {
     stepnet_ = std::move(net);
   }

paddle/operators/reshape_op.cc

@@ -50,7 +50,12 @@ class ReshapeOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     std::transform(shape.begin(), shape.end(), shape_int64.begin(),
                    [](int a) { return static_cast<int64_t>(a); });
     auto out_dims = framework::make_ddim(shape_int64);
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(out_dims);
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(out_dims);
+    if (shape[0] == in->dims()[0]) {
+      // Only pass LoD when the first dimension is equal between
+      // output and input.
+      ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
+    }
   }
 };
 
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@ class ReshapeGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
                             "Input(Out@GRAD) shouldn't be null.");
     auto dims = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto *d_in = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *d_in = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     d_in->Resize(dims);
   }
 };

paddle/operators/rnn/recurrent_op_utils.cc

@@ -109,15 +109,14 @@ void LinkMemories(const std::vector<Scope*>& scopes,
 }
 
 void InitArgument(const ArgumentName& name, Argument* arg,
-                  const framework::OperatorBase& op) {
-  arg->step_scopes = op.Output(name.step_scopes);
-
+                  const framework::OperatorBase& op, bool is_grad) {
+  arg->step_scopes =
+      is_grad ? op.Input(name.step_scopes) : op.Output(name.step_scopes);
   arg->inlinks = op.Inputs(name.inlinks);
-
   arg->outlinks = op.Outputs(name.outlinks);
 
-  auto boot_memories = op.Inputs(name.boot_memories);
-
+  auto boot_memories =
+      is_grad ? op.Outputs(name.boot_memories) : op.Inputs(name.boot_memories);
   // attributes
   auto memories = op.Attr<std::vector<std::string>>(name.memories);
   auto pre_memories = op.Attr<std::vector<std::string>>(name.pre_memories);

paddle/operators/rnn/recurrent_op_utils.h

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ void LinkMemories(const std::vector<Scope*>& step_scopes,
                   const int offset, bool infer_shape_mode);
 
 void InitArgument(const ArgumentName& name, Argument* arg,
-                  const framework::OperatorBase& op);
+                  const framework::OperatorBase& op, bool is_grad = false);
 
 }  // namespace rnn
 }  // namespace operators

paddle/operators/rowwise_add_op.cc

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ class RowwiseAddOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
         framework::slice_ddim(x_dims, num_col_dims, x_dims.size()), b_dims,
         "The width of two operands must be same");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(ctx.OutputSize("Out"), 1, "The output size must be 1");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(x_dims);
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(x_dims);
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -83,8 +84,8 @@ class RowwiseAddGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
         framework::slice_ddim(x_dims, num_col_dims, x_dims.size()), b_dims,
         "The width of two operands must be same");
-    auto *dx = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto *db = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("b"));
+    auto *dx = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *db = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("b"));
     if (dx) dx->Resize(x_dims);
     if (db) db->Resize(b_dims);
   }

paddle/operators/scale_op.cc

@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ class ScaleOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                             "Output(Out) of ScaleOp should not be null.");
 
     auto *in = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
-    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     out->Resize(in->dims());
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/scatter_op.cc

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class ScatterOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     framework::DDim data_dim(ctx.Input<Tensor>("Updates")->dims());
     for (int i = 1; i < data_dim.size(); ++i)
       PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(data_dim[i], ctx.Input<Tensor>("Updates")->dims()[i]);
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(
         ctx.Input<Tensor>("Ref")->dims());
   }
 };
@@ -56,10 +56,9 @@ class ScatterGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
     auto *dUpdates =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Updates"));
+        ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Updates"));
     auto *Updates = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Updates");
-    auto *dRef =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Ref"));
+    auto *dRef = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Ref"));
     auto *Ref = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Ref");
 
     dRef->Resize(Ref->dims());

paddle/operators/sequence_avg_pool_op.cc → paddle/operators/sequence_pool_op.cc

@@ -12,22 +12,22 @@ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
-#include "paddle/operators/sequence_avg_pool_op.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/sequence_pool_op.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
-class SequenceAvgPoolOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+class SequencePoolOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
   using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext& ctx) const override {
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
-        ctx.InputVar("X"), "Input(X) of SequenceAvgPoolOp should not be null.");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar("X"),
+                            "Input(X) of SequencePoolOp should not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
         ctx.OutputVar("Out"),
-        "Output(Out) of SequenceAvgPoolOp should not be null.");
+        "Output(Out) of SequencePoolOp should not be null.");
 
     auto* x = ctx.Input<framework::LoDTensor>("X");
     auto dims = x->dims();
@@ -42,21 +42,45 @@ class SequenceAvgPoolOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
   }
 };
 
-class SequenceAvgPoolOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+class SequencePoolOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
  public:
-  SequenceAvgPoolOpMaker(framework::OpProto* proto,
-                         framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+  SequencePoolOpMaker(framework::OpProto* proto,
+                      framework::OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
-    AddInput("X", "Input of SequenceAvgPoolOp.");
-    AddOutput("Out", "The output of SequenceAvgPoolOp.");
+    AddInput("X",
+             "A float LoDTensor, the variable-length input of SequencePoolOp");
+    AddOutput(
+        "Out",
+        "A float LoDTensor, the variable-length output of SequencePoolOp.");
+    AddAttr<int>(
+        "strategy",
+        "(int, default AVERAGE) the pooling strategy of SequencePoolOp.")
+        .SetDefault(AVERAGE)
+        .InEnum({AVERAGE, SUM, SQRT, MAX, LAST, FIRST});
     AddComment(R"DOC(
-    SequenceAvgPoolOp averages features of all time-steps of each instance.
-    More detailed comments will be added later.
+    SequencePoolOp pools features of all time-steps of each instance.
+
+    For a mini-batch of 3 variable lengths sentences, containing 2, 3, and 2 time-steps:
+    
+    Assume X is a [7,M,N] float LoDTensor, and X->lod()[0] = [0, 2, 5, 7].
+    Besides, for the sake of simplicity, we assume M=1 and N=1, 
+    and the value of X = [[1, 3], [2, 4, 6], [5, 1]].
+
+    Thus, Out is a [3,1,1] float LoDTensor, but Out->lod() is nullptr.
+    And for different strategy, the value of Out is as follows: 
+
+    - AVERAGE: [2, 4, 3], where 2=(1+3)/2, 4=(2+4+6)/3, 3=(5+1)/2
+    - SUM: [4, 12, 6], where 4=1+3, 12=2+4+6, 6=5+1
+    - SQRT: [2.82, 6.93, 4.24], where 2.82=(1+3)/sqrt(2), 
+           6.93=(2+4+6)/sqrt(3), 4.24=(5+1)/sqrt(2)
+    - MAX: [3, 6, 5], where 3=max(1,3), 6=max(2,4,6), 5=max(5,1)
+    - LAST: [3, 6, 1], where 3=last(1,3), 6=last(2,4,6), 1=last(5,1)
+    - FIRST: [1, 2, 5], where 1=first(1,3), 2=first(2,4,6), 5=first(5,1)
     )DOC");
   }
 };
 
-class SequenceAvgPoolGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
+class SequencePoolGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
   using framework::OperatorWithKernel::OperatorWithKernel;
 
@@ -84,12 +108,10 @@ class SequenceAvgPoolGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 }  // namespace paddle
 
 namespace ops = paddle::operators;
-REGISTER_OP(sequence_avg_pool, ops::SequenceAvgPoolOp,
-            ops::SequenceAvgPoolOpMaker, sequence_avg_pool_grad,
-            ops::SequenceAvgPoolGradOp);
+REGISTER_OP(sequence_pool, ops::SequencePoolOp, ops::SequencePoolOpMaker,
+            sequence_pool_grad, ops::SequencePoolGradOp);
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
-    sequence_avg_pool,
-    ops::SequenceAvgPoolKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+    sequence_pool, ops::SequencePoolKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
-    sequence_avg_pool_grad,
-    ops::SequenceAvgPoolGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+    sequence_pool_grad,
+    ops::SequencePoolGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/sequence_pool_op.cu

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#define EIGEN_USE_GPU
+
+#include "paddle/operators/sequence_pool_op.h"
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    sequence_pool, ops::SequencePoolKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
+    sequence_pool_grad,
+    ops::SequencePoolGradKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);

paddle/operators/sequence_avg_pool_op.h → paddle/operators/sequence_pool_op.h

@@ -28,54 +28,85 @@ template <typename T, int MajorType = Eigen::RowMajor,
           typename IndexType = Eigen::DenseIndex>
 using EigenMatrix = framework::EigenMatrix<T, MajorType, IndexType>;
 
+enum SeqPoolType {
+  AVERAGE = 0,
+  SUM = 1,
+  SQRT = 2,  // square_root_n
+  MAX = 3,
+  LAST = 4,
+  FIRST = 5
+};
+
 template <typename Place, typename T>
-class SequenceAvgPoolKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+class SequencePoolKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
     auto* in = context.Input<LoDTensor>("X");
     auto* out = context.Output<LoDTensor>("Out");
+    int strategy = context.Attr<int>("strategy");
 
     auto dims = in->dims();
-    auto lod = in->lod();
+    auto lod = in->lod()[0];
     int64_t w = in->numel() / dims[0];
 
     out->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
     auto place = context.GetEigenDevice<Place>();
-    for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(lod[0].size()) - 1; ++i) {
-      Tensor in_t = in->Slice<T>(static_cast<int>(lod[0][i]),
-                                 static_cast<int>(lod[0][i + 1]));
+    for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(lod.size()) - 1; ++i) {
+      Tensor in_t =
+          in->Slice<T>(static_cast<int>(lod[i]), static_cast<int>(lod[i + 1]));
       Tensor out_t = out->Slice<T>(i, i + 1);
-      int64_t h = static_cast<int64_t>(lod[0][i + 1] - lod[0][i]);
+      int64_t h = static_cast<int64_t>(lod[i + 1] - lod[i]);
       auto in_e = EigenMatrix<T>::From(in_t, framework::make_ddim({h, w}));
       auto out_e = EigenVector<T>::Flatten(out_t);
-      out_e.device(place) = in_e.mean(Eigen::array<int, 1>({{0}}));
+
+      switch (strategy) {
+        case AVERAGE:
+          out_e.device(place) = in_e.mean(Eigen::array<int, 1>({{0}}));
+          break;
+        case SUM:
+          out_e.device(place) = in_e.sum(Eigen::array<int, 1>({{0}}));
+          break;
+        default:
+          PADDLE_THROW("unsupported pooling strategy");
+      }
     }
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Place, typename T>
-class SequenceAvgPoolGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
+class SequencePoolGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
     auto* in = context.Input<LoDTensor>("X");
     auto* out_g = context.Input<LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
     auto* in_g = context.Output<LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    int strategy = context.Attr<int>("strategy");
 
     auto dims = in->dims();
-    auto lod = in->lod();
+    auto lod = in->lod()[0];
     int64_t w = in->numel() / dims[0];
 
     in_g->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
     auto place = context.GetEigenDevice<Place>();
-    for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(lod[0].size()) - 1; ++i) {
-      auto in_g_t = in_g->Slice<T>(static_cast<int>(lod[0][i]),
-                                   static_cast<int>(lod[0][i + 1]));
+    for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(lod.size()) - 1; ++i) {
+      auto in_g_t = in_g->Slice<T>(static_cast<int>(lod[i]),
+                                   static_cast<int>(lod[i + 1]));
       auto out_g_t = out_g->Slice<T>(i, i + 1);
-      int64_t h = static_cast<int64_t>(lod[0][i + 1] - lod[0][i]);
+      int64_t h = static_cast<int64_t>(lod[i + 1] - lod[i]);
       auto in_g_e = EigenMatrix<T>::From(in_g_t, {h, w});
       auto out_g_e = EigenMatrix<T>::From(out_g_t, {1, w});
       Eigen::DSizes<int, 2> bcast(h, 1);
-      in_g_e.device(place) = (out_g_e / static_cast<T>(h)).broadcast(bcast);
+
+      switch (strategy) {
+        case AVERAGE:
+          in_g_e.device(place) = (out_g_e / static_cast<T>(h)).broadcast(bcast);
+          break;
+        case SUM:
+          in_g_e.device(place) = (out_g_e).broadcast(bcast);
+          break;
+        default:
+          PADDLE_THROW("unsupported pooling strategy");
+      }
     }
   }
 };

paddle/operators/sgd_op.cc

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class SGDOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(ctx.Input<Tensor>("param")->dims(),
                       ctx.Input<Tensor>("grad")->dims(),
                       "Two input of SGD Op's dimension must be same.");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("param_out")
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("param_out")
         ->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>("param")->dims());
   }
 };

paddle/operators/smooth_l1_loss_op.cc

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ class SmoothL1LossOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                         "The shape of OutsideWeight must be same as X.");
     }
 
-    auto* diff = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Diff");
-    auto* out = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto* diff = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Diff");
+    auto* out = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     diff->Resize(x->dims());
     // loss is a two-rank tensor
     out->Resize({x->dims()[0], 1});
@@ -103,10 +103,8 @@ class SmoothL1LossGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     auto in_dims = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X")->dims();
     auto out_dims =
         ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"))->dims();
-    auto* x_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto* y_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
+    auto* x_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto* y_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(out_dims.size(), 2,
                       "The tensor rank of Input(Out@Grad) should be 2.");

paddle/operators/softmax_op.cc

@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@ class SoftmaxOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims().size() == 2UL,
                    "The input of softmax op must be a matrix.");
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Y")->Resize(
-        ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims());
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Y")->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims());
   }
 };
 
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ class SoftmaxOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                       ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"))->dims(),
                       "Input(Y) and its gradients should have a same shape.");
 
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
         ->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims());
   }
 };

paddle/operators/split_op.cc

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class SplitOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
     // infershape
     auto *in = ctx.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
-    auto outs = ctx.MultiOutput<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto outs = ctx.MultiOutput<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     size_t axis = static_cast<size_t>(ctx.Attr<int>("axis"));
     size_t num = static_cast<size_t>(ctx.Attr<int>("num"));
     std::vector<int> sections =

paddle/operators/squared_l2_distance_op.cc

@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ class SquaredL2DistanceOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                    "First dimension of target must be equal to input "
                    "or to 1.");
 
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("sub_result")
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("sub_result")
         ->Resize({x_dims[0], x->numel() / x_dims[0]});
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize({x_dims[0], 1});
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize({x_dims[0], 1});
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ class SquaredL2DistanceOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
     input or to 1. If the first dimension of target is 1, SquaredL2DistanceOp
     will broadcast target's first dimension to input's first dimension.
     You can decide whether calculate the gradient of input and target.
+
+    Both the input X and Y can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+    or not. But the output only shares the LoD with input X.
     )DOC");
   }
 };
@@ -100,10 +104,8 @@ class SquaredL2DistanceGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(out_dims[1], 1,
                       "Second dimension of output gradient "
                       "must be 1.");
-    auto* x_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    auto* y_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
+    auto* x_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto* y_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
     if (x_grad) x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
     if (y_grad) y_grad->Resize(y_dims);
   }

paddle/operators/sum_op.cc

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class SumOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
                             "Output(Out) of SumOp should not be null.");
 
     auto ins = ctx.MultiInput<framework::Tensor>("X");
-    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto *out = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     int N = ins.size();
 
     auto in_dim = ins[0]->dims();
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class SumOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
       PADDLE_ENFORCE(in_dim == dim, "Input tensors must have same shape");
     }
     out->Resize(in_dim);
+    ctx.ShareLoD("X", /*->*/ "Out");
   }
 };
 
@@ -49,8 +50,11 @@ class SumOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
     AddInput("X", "the input tensors of sum operator.").AsDuplicable();
     AddOutput("Out", "the output tensor of sum operator.");
     AddComment(R"DOC(
-            Sum the input tensors.
-        )DOC");
+Sum the input tensors.
+
+All the inputs can carry the LoD (Level of Details) information,
+or not. But the output only shares the LoD with the first input.
+)DOC");
   }
 };
 
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ class SumGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
     auto outputs =
-        ctx.MultiOutput<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+        ctx.MultiOutput<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     auto dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"))->dims();
     for (auto output : outputs) {
       output->Resize(dims);

paddle/operators/top_k_op.cc

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ class TopkOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
     framework::DDim dims = input->dims();
     dims[dims.size() - 1] = k;
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(dims);
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Indices")->Resize(dims);
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(dims);
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Indices")->Resize(dims);
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/top_k_op.cu

@@ -301,14 +301,16 @@ class TopkOpCUDAKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
 
     // NOTE: pass lds and dim same to input width.
     // NOTE: old matrix implementation of stride is different to eigen.
-    // TODO(typhoonzero): launch kernel on specified stream.
     // TODO(typhoonzero): refine this kernel.
     dim3 threads(256, 1);
     dim3 grid(input_height, 1);
 
-    KeMatrixTopK<T, 5, 256><<<grid, threads>>>(
-        output_data, output->dims()[1], indices_data, input_data, input_width,
-        input_width, int(k));
+    KeMatrixTopK<T, 5, 256><<<
+        grid, threads, 0, reinterpret_cast<const platform::CUDADeviceContext&>(
+                              ctx.device_context())
+                              .stream()>>>(output_data, output->dims()[1],
+                                           indices_data, input_data,
+                                           input_width, input_width, int(k));
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/transpose_op.cc

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class TransposeOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < axis_size; i++) {
       out_dims[i] = x_dims[axis[i]];
     }
-    ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out")->Resize(out_dims);
+    ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out")->Resize(out_dims);
   }
 };
 
@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ class TransposeOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ctx.InputVar(framework::GradVarName("Out")),
                             "Input(Out@GRAD) should not be null");
     auto x_dims = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
-    auto *x_grad =
-        ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *x_grad = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
 
     if (x_grad) x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
   }

paddle/operators/uniform_random_op.cc

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class UniformRandomOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(Attr<float>("min") < Attr<float>("max"),
                    "uniform_random's min must less then max");
-    auto* tensor = ctx.Output<framework::LoDTensor>("Out");
+    auto* tensor = ctx.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
     auto dims = Attr<std::vector<int>>("dims");
     std::vector<int64_t> temp;
     temp.reserve(dims.size());

paddle/parameter/FirstOrderOptimizer.h

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #pragma once
 
 #include "ParameterOptimizer.h"
+#include "ParameterUpdateFunctions.h"
 #include "Regularizer.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
@@ -37,6 +38,15 @@ public:
     real torch_learningRate = optConfig_.learning_method() == "torch_momentum"
                                   ? 1.0 - paraConfig.momentum()
                                   : 1.0;
+#ifdef PADDLE_USE_MKLDNN
+    sgdUpdate(learningRate_ * paraConfig.learning_rate() *
+                  (firstTime_ ? 1.0 : torch_learningRate),
+              paraConfig.momentum(),
+              applyDecay_ ? paraConfig.decay_rate() : 0,
+              vecs[PARAMETER_VALUE].get(),
+              vecs[PARAMETER_GRADIENT].get(),
+              vecs[PARAMETER_MOMENTUM].get());
+#else
     vecs[PARAMETER_VALUE]->sgdUpdate(
         *vecs[PARAMETER_GRADIENT],
         *vecs[PARAMETER_MOMENTUM],
@@ -44,6 +54,7 @@ public:
             (firstTime_ ? 1.0 : torch_learningRate),
         paraConfig.momentum(),
         applyDecay_ ? paraConfig.decay_rate() : 0);
+#endif
   }
   virtual void finishBatch() { firstTime_ = false; }
 };

paddle/parameter/ParameterUpdateFunctions.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ void sgdUpdateCpu(real learningRate,
                   const real* grad,
                   real* momentumVec) {
   decayRate *= learningRate;
+#ifdef PADDLE_USE_MKLDNN
+#pragma omp parallel for
+#endif
   for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
     momentumVec[i] = momentum * momentumVec[i] - learningRate * grad[i] -
                      decayRate * value[i];

paddle/platform/device_context.h

@@ -34,13 +34,14 @@ class DeviceContext {
 
   template <typename DeviceType>
   DeviceType* get_eigen_device() const;
+
+  virtual void Wait() const {}
 };
 
 class CPUDeviceContext : public DeviceContext {
  public:
   CPUDeviceContext();
   explicit CPUDeviceContext(CPUPlace place);
-  virtual ~CPUDeviceContext() {}
 
   Eigen::DefaultDevice* eigen_device() const;
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class CUDADeviceContext : public DeviceContext {
   virtual ~CUDADeviceContext();
 
   /*! \brief  Wait for all operations completion in the stream. */
-  void Wait() const;
+  void Wait() const override;
 
   /*! \brief  Return place in the device context. */
   Place GetPlace() const override;

paddle/platform/gpu_info.h

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int GetCurrentDeviceId();
 //! Set the GPU device id for next execution.
 void SetDeviceId(int device_id);
 
-//！Get the memory usage of current GPU device.
+//! Get the memory usage of current GPU device.
 void GpuMemoryUsage(size_t &available, size_t &total);
 
 //! Get the maximum allocation size of current GPU device.

paddle/pybind/pybind.cc

@@ -34,12 +34,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace py = pybind11;
 
 namespace paddle {
-namespace framework {
-
-using Tensor = framework::Tensor;
-using LoDTensor = framework::LoDTensor;
-using LoD = framework::LoD;
-
+namespace pybind {
 static size_t UniqueIntegerGenerator() {
   static std::atomic<size_t> generator;
   return generator.fetch_add(1);
@@ -56,6 +51,10 @@ bool IsCompileGPU() {
 PYBIND11_PLUGIN(core) {
   py::module m("core", "C++ core of PaddlePaddle");
 
+  // using framework in this function. Since it is inside a function, it will
+  // not cause namespace pollution.
+  using namespace paddle::framework;  // NOLINT
+
   py::class_<Tensor>(m, "Tensor", py::buffer_protocol())
       .def_buffer(
           [](Tensor &self) -> py::buffer_info { return CastToPyBuffer(self); })
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ PYBIND11_PLUGIN(core) {
 #ifdef PADDLE_ONLY_CPU
             new (&instance) LoDTensor(lod);
 #else
-             paddle::framework::LoD new_lod;
+             LoD new_lod;
              new_lod.reserve(lod.size());
              std::copy(lod.begin(), lod.end(), std::back_inserter(new_lod));
              new (&instance) LoDTensor(new_lod);
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ PYBIND11_PLUGIN(core) {
 #ifdef PADDLE_ONLY_CPU
              self.set_lod(lod);
 #else
-             paddle::framework::LoD new_lod;
+             LoD new_lod;
              new_lod.reserve(lod.size());
              std::copy(lod.begin(), lod.end(), std::back_inserter(new_lod));
              self.set_lod(new_lod);
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ PYBIND11_PLUGIN(core) {
            std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> new_lod;
            new_lod.reserve(lod.size());
            std::transform(lod.begin(), lod.end(), std::back_inserter(new_lod),
-               [](paddle::framework::Vector<size_t> item) ->
+               [](Vector<size_t> item) ->
                    std::vector<size_t> {
                  std::vector<size_t> v;
                  v.reserve(item.size());
@@ -238,7 +237,13 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
              return Backward(forwardOp, no_grad_vars).release();
            })
       .def("infer_shape", &OperatorBase::InferShape)
-      .def("run", &OperatorBase::Run)
+      .def("run",
+           [](OperatorBase &self,
+              const Scope &scope,
+              const platform::DeviceContext &dev_ctx) {
+             self.Run(scope, dev_ctx);
+             dev_ctx.Wait();
+           })
       .def("type",
            [](const OperatorBase &op) -> std::string { return op.Type(); })
       .def("outputs",
@@ -317,5 +322,5 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
 
   return m.ptr();
 }
-}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace pybind
 }  // namespace paddle

paddle/pybind/tensor_py.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace py = pybind11;
 
 namespace paddle {
 
-namespace framework {
+namespace pybind {
 
 namespace details {
 

paddle/trainer/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -37,6 +37,19 @@ add_test(NAME test_CompareTwoNets
             --config_file_a=trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config_qb_rnn.conf --config_file_b=trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config_rnn.conf
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/paddle/)
 
+################ test_CompareMKLDNNandCPU ######################
+if(WITH_MKLDNN)
+  add_unittest_without_exec(test_CompareMKLDNNandCPU
+      test_CompareTwoNets.cpp)
+  add_test(NAME test_CompareMKLDNNandCPU
+    COMMAND ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/paddle/.set_python_path.sh -d ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/python/
+          ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/test_CompareMKLDNNandCPU
+              --config_file_a=trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config_simple_net.conf --use_mkldnn_a=True
+              --config_file_b=trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config_simple_net.conf --use_mkldnn_b=False
+              --use_gpu=False
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR}/paddle/)
+endif()
+
 ############### test_CompareTwoOpts ###################
 add_unittest_without_exec(test_CompareTwoOpts
     test_CompareTwoOpts.cpp)

paddle/trainer/tests/sample_trainer_config_simple_net.conf

+# Copyright (c) 2017 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
+
+################################### Data Configuration ###################################
+TrainData(ProtoData(files = "trainer/tests/mnist.list"))
+################################### Algorithm Configuration ###################################
+settings(batch_size = 1000,
+         learning_method = MomentumOptimizer(momentum=0.5, sparse=False))
+################################### Network Configuration ###################################
+data = data_layer(name ="input", size=784)
+
+tmp = img_conv_layer(input=data,
+            num_channels=1,
+            filter_size=3,
+            num_filters=32,
+            padding=1,
+            shared_biases=True,
+            act=ReluActivation())
+
+tmp = img_pool_layer(input=tmp,
+            pool_size=3,
+            stride=2,
+            padding=1,
+            pool_type=AvgPooling())
+            
+tmp = img_conv_layer(input=tmp,
+            filter_size=3,
+            num_filters=64,
+            padding=1,
+            shared_biases=True,
+            act=ReluActivation())
+
+tmp = img_pool_layer(input=tmp,
+            pool_size=3,
+            stride=2,
+            padding=1,
+            pool_type=MaxPooling())
+            
+tmp = fc_layer(input=tmp, size=64,
+               bias_attr=True,
+               act=ReluActivation())
+
+output = fc_layer(input=tmp, size=10,
+                  bias_attr=True,
+                  act=SoftmaxActivation())
+
+lbl = data_layer(name ="label", size=10)
+
+cost = classification_cost(input=output, label=lbl)
+outputs(cost)

paddle/trainer/tests/test_CompareTwoNets.cpp

@@ -26,12 +26,15 @@ DECLARE_int32(gpu_id);
 
 DECLARE_bool(local);
 DECLARE_bool(use_gpu);
+DECLARE_bool(use_mkldnn);
 
 DECLARE_string(config);
 DECLARE_string(nics);
 
 DEFINE_string(config_file_a, "", "config of one network to compare");
 DEFINE_string(config_file_b, "", "config of another network to compare");
+DEFINE_bool(use_mkldnn_a, false, "whether to use mkldnn to run config_file_a");
+DEFINE_bool(use_mkldnn_b, false, "whether to use mkldnn to run config_file_b");
 DEFINE_bool(need_high_accuracy,
             false,
             "whether need to run in double accuracy");
@@ -128,6 +131,12 @@ void compareGradient(ComData& comDataA, ComData& comDataB) {
                 matA.getWidth());
   }
 
+  if (FLAGS_use_mkldnn_a || FLAGS_use_mkldnn_b) {
+    // some format of mkldnn parameter is different with cpu
+    // test_MKLDNN will check the parameters
+    return;
+  }
+
   vector<ParameterPtr>& parametersA = comDataA.parameters;
   vector<ParameterPtr>& parametersB = comDataB.parameters;
 
@@ -167,10 +176,12 @@ void compareGradient(ComData& comDataA, ComData& comDataB) {
 
 TEST(Trainer, create) {
   ComData dataA;
+  FLAGS_use_mkldnn = FLAGS_use_mkldnn_a;
   calcGradient(dataA, FLAGS_config_file_a);
   LOG(INFO) << "\n\nforwardBackward of Network A is finished\n\n";
 
   ComData dataB;
+  FLAGS_use_mkldnn = FLAGS_use_mkldnn_b;
   calcGradient(dataB, FLAGS_config_file_b);
   LOG(INFO) << "\n\nforwardBackward of the Network B is finished\n\n";
 

python/paddle/trainer/config_parser.py

@@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@ class LayerBase(object):
         self.config = g_config.model_config.layers.add()
         assert isinstance(self.config, LayerConfig)
         use_mkldnn = bool(int(g_command_config_args.get("use_mkldnn", 0)))
-        mkldnn_acts = ['relu', 'tanh']
+        mkldnn_acts = ['relu', 'tanh', 'softmax']
         if use_mkldnn and active_type in mkldnn_acts:
             active_type = "mkldnn_" + active_type
         self.config.name = name

python/paddle/trainer_config_helpers/layers.py

@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ def data_layer(name, size, depth=None, height=None, width=None,
 
         data = data_layer(name="input", size=1000)
 
-    :param name: The name of this layer. It is optional.
+    :param name: The name of this layer.
     :type name: basestring
     :param size: Size of this data layer.
     :type size: int
@@ -3668,6 +3668,7 @@ def gru_step_naive_layer(input,
     :param param_attr:
     :param layer_attr:
     :return:
+    :rtype: LayerOutput
     """
     if input.size % 3 != 0:
         raise ValueError("GruStep input size must be divided by 3")

python/paddle/v2/framework/op.py

@@ -89,12 +89,16 @@ class OpDescCreationMethod(object):
                     new_attr.f = user_defined_attr
                 elif attr.type == framework_pb2.STRING:
                     new_attr.s = user_defined_attr
+                elif attr.type == framework_pb2.BOOLEAN:
+                    new_attr.b = user_defined_attr
                 elif attr.type == framework_pb2.INTS:
                     new_attr.ints.extend(user_defined_attr)
                 elif attr.type == framework_pb2.FLOATS:
                     new_attr.floats.extend(user_defined_attr)
                 elif attr.type == framework_pb2.STRINGS:
                     new_attr.strings.extend(user_defined_attr)
+                elif attr.type == framework_pb2.BOOLEANS:
+                    new_attr.bools.extend(user_defined_attr)
                 elif attr.type == framework_pb2.INT_PAIRS:
                     for p in user_defined_attr:
                         pair = new_attr.int_pairs.add()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_cos_sim_op.py

@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ class TestCosSimOp(OpTest):
         self.check_output()
 
     def test_check_grad_normal(self):
-        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.05)
+        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.06)
 
     def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
         self.check_grad(
-            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.05, no_grad_set=set("X"))
+            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.06, no_grad_set=set("X"))
 
     def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
         self.check_grad(
-            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.05, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
+            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.06, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
 
 
 class TestCosSimOp2(TestCosSimOp):

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_cross_entropy_op.py

@@ -4,22 +4,24 @@ from op_test import OpTest
 
 
 class TestCrossEntropyOp1(OpTest):
-    """Test standard cross-entropy, with index representation of labels.
+    """Test cross-entropy with discrete one-hot labels.
     """
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "cross_entropy"
         batch_size = 30
         class_num = 10
+
         X = np.random.uniform(0.1, 1.0,
                               [batch_size, class_num]).astype("float32")
         label = np.random.randint(0, class_num, (batch_size, 1), dtype="int32")
         cross_entropy = np.asmatrix(
             [[-np.log(X[i][label[i][0]])] for i in range(X.shape[0])],
             dtype="float32")
+
         self.inputs = {"X": X, "Label": label}
         self.outputs = {"Y": cross_entropy}
-        self.attrs = {'soft_label': 0}
+        self.attrs = {"softLabel": False}
 
     def test_check_output(self):
         self.check_output()
@@ -29,13 +31,14 @@ class TestCrossEntropyOp1(OpTest):
 
 
 class TestCrossEntropyOp2(OpTest):
-    """Test soft-label cross-entropy, with vecterized soft labels.
+    """Test cross-entropy with vectorized soft labels.
     """
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "cross_entropy"
-        batch_size = 10
-        class_num = 5
+        batch_size = 5
+        class_num = 37
+
         X = np.random.uniform(0.1, 1.0,
                               [batch_size, class_num]).astype("float32")
         label = np.random.uniform(0.1, 1.0,
@@ -43,46 +46,49 @@ class TestCrossEntropyOp2(OpTest):
         label /= label.sum(axis=1, keepdims=True)
         cross_entropy = (-label * np.log(X)).sum(
             axis=1, keepdims=True).astype("float32")
-        self.inputs = {'X': X, 'Label': label}
-        self.outputs = {'Y': cross_entropy}
-        self.attrs = {'soft_label': 1}
+
+        self.inputs = {"X": X, "Label": label}
+        self.outputs = {"Y": cross_entropy}
+        self.attrs = {"softLabel": True}
 
     def test_check_output(self):
         self.check_output()
 
     def test_check_grad(self):
-        self.check_grad(['X'], 'Y')
+        self.check_grad(["X"], "Y", max_relative_error=0.05)
 
 
 class TestCrossEntropyOp3(OpTest):
-    """Test one-hot cross-entropy, with vecterized one-hot representation of
-    labels.
+    """Test cross-entropy with vectorized one-hot representation of labels.
     """
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "cross_entropy"
-        batch_size = 30
-        class_num = 10
+        batch_size = 5
+        class_num = 17
+
         X = np.random.uniform(0.1, 1.0,
                               [batch_size, class_num]).astype("float32")
         label_index = np.random.randint(
             0, class_num, (batch_size), dtype="int32")
         label = np.zeros(X.shape)
         label[np.arange(batch_size), label_index] = 1
+
         cross_entropy = np.asmatrix(
             [[-np.log(X[i][label_index[i]])] for i in range(X.shape[0])],
             dtype="float32")
         cross_entropy2 = (-label * np.log(X)).sum(
             axis=1, keepdims=True).astype("float32")
-        self.inputs = {'X': X, 'Label': label}
-        self.outputs = {'Y': cross_entropy}
-        self.attrs = {'soft_label': 1}
+
+        self.inputs = {"X": X, "Label": label}
+        self.outputs = {"Y": cross_entropy}
+        self.attrs = {"softLabel": True}
 
     def test_check_output(self):
         self.check_output()
 
     def test_check_grad(self):
-        self.check_grad(['X'], 'Y')
+        self.check_grad(["X"], "Y", max_relative_error=0.05)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_dropout_op.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class TestDropoutOp(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "dropout"
         self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((32, 64)).astype("float32")}
-        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.0, 'is_training': 1}
+        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.0, 'is_training': True}
         self.outputs = {'Out': self.inputs['X'], 'Mask': np.ones((32, 64))}
 
     def test_check_output(self):
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class TestDropoutOp2(TestDropoutOp):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "dropout"
         self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((32, 64)).astype("float32")}
-        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 1.0, 'is_training': 1}
+        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 1.0, 'is_training': True}
         self.outputs = {'Out': np.zeros((32, 64)), 'Mask': np.zeros((32, 64))}
 
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class TestDropoutOp3(TestDropoutOp):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "dropout"
         self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((32, 64, 2)).astype("float32")}
-        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.0, 'is_training': 1}
+        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.0, 'is_training': True}
         self.outputs = {'Out': self.inputs['X'], 'Mask': np.ones((32, 64, 2))}
 
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class TestDropoutOp4(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "dropout"
         self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((32, 64)).astype("float32")}
-        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.35, 'is_training': 0}
+        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.35, 'is_training': False}
         self.outputs = {'Out': self.inputs['X'] * self.attrs['dropout_prob']}
 
     def test_check_output(self):
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class TestDropoutOp5(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "dropout"
         self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((32, 64, 3)).astype("float32")}
-        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.75, 'is_training': 0}
+        self.attrs = {'dropout_prob': 0.75, 'is_training': False}
         self.outputs = {'Out': self.inputs['X'] * self.attrs['dropout_prob']}
 
     def test_check_output(self):

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_elementwise_add_op.py

+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+from op_test import OpTest
+
+
+class TestElementwiseOp(OpTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_add"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32")
+        }
+        self.outputs = {'Out': np.add(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'])}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def test_check_grad_normal(self):
+        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.005)
+
+    def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.005, no_grad_set=set("X"))
+
+    def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.005, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
+
+
+class TestElementwiseAddOp_Vector(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_add"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.random((32, )).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.random((32, )).astype("float32")
+        }
+        self.outputs = {'Out': np.add(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'])}
+
+
+class TestElementwiseAddOp_broadcast_0(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_add"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(2).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 0}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] + self.inputs['Y'].reshape(2, 1, 1)
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseAddOp_broadcast_1(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_add"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(3).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 1}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] + self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 3, 1)
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseAddOp_broadcast_2(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_add"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(4).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] + self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 1, 4)
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseAddOp_broadcast_3(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_add"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4, 5).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(3, 4).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 1}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] + self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 3, 4, 1)
+        }
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_elementwise_div_op.py

+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+from op_test import OpTest
+
+
+class ElementwiseDivOp(OpTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_div"
+        """ Warning
+        CPU gradient check error!
+        'X': np.random.random((32,84)).astype("float32"),
+        'Y': np.random.random((32,84)).astype("float32")
+        """
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32")
+        }
+        self.outputs = {'Out': np.divide(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'])}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def test_check_grad_normal(self):
+        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.05)
+
+    def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.05, no_grad_set=set("X"))
+
+    def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.05, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
+
+
+class TestElementwiseDivOp_Vector(ElementwiseDivOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_div"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [32]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [32]).astype("float32")
+        }
+        self.outputs = {'Out': np.divide(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'])}
+
+
+class TestElementwiseDivOp_broadcast_0(ElementwiseDivOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_div"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [2, 3, 4]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [2]).astype("float32")
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 0}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out':
+            np.divide(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'].reshape(2, 1, 1))
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseDivOp_broadcast_1(ElementwiseDivOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_div"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [2, 3, 4]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [3]).astype("float32")
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 1}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out':
+            np.divide(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 3, 1))
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseDivOp_broadcast_2(ElementwiseDivOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_div"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [2, 3, 4]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [4]).astype("float32")
+        }
+
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out':
+            np.divide(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 1, 4))
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseDivOp_broadcast_3(ElementwiseDivOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_div"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [2, 3, 4, 5]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [3, 4]).astype("float32")
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 1}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out':
+            np.divide(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 3, 4, 1))
+        }
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_elementwise_mul_op.py

@@ -3,14 +3,9 @@ import numpy as np
 from op_test import OpTest
 
 
-class TestElementwiseMulOp_Matrix(OpTest):
+class ElementwiseMulOp(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "elementwise_mul"
-        """ Warning
-        CPU gradient check error!
-        'X': np.random.random((32,84)).astype("float32"),
-        'Y': np.random.random((32,84)).astype("float32")
-        """
         self.inputs = {
             'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32"),
             'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32")
@@ -32,7 +27,7 @@ class TestElementwiseMulOp_Matrix(OpTest):
             ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
 
 
-class TestElementwiseMulOp_Vector(OpTest):
+class TestElementwiseMulOp_Vector(ElementwiseMulOp):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "elementwise_mul"
         self.inputs = {
@@ -41,22 +36,8 @@ class TestElementwiseMulOp_Vector(OpTest):
         }
         self.outputs = {'Out': np.multiply(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'])}
 
-    def test_check_output(self):
-        self.check_output()
-
-    def test_check_grad_normal(self):
-        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1)
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set("X"))
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
-
 
-class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_0(OpTest):
+class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_0(ElementwiseMulOp):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "elementwise_mul"
         self.inputs = {
@@ -69,22 +50,8 @@ class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_0(OpTest):
             'Out': self.inputs['X'] * self.inputs['Y'].reshape(2, 1, 1)
         }
 
-    def test_check_output(self):
-        self.check_output()
-
-    def test_check_grad_normal(self):
-        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1)
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set("X"))
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
-
 
-class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_1(OpTest):
+class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_1(ElementwiseMulOp):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "elementwise_mul"
         self.inputs = {
@@ -97,22 +64,8 @@ class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_1(OpTest):
             'Out': self.inputs['X'] * self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 3, 1)
         }
 
-    def test_check_output(self):
-        self.check_output()
-
-    def test_check_grad_normal(self):
-        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1)
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set("X"))
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
-
 
-class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_2(OpTest):
+class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_2(ElementwiseMulOp):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "elementwise_mul"
         self.inputs = {
@@ -124,22 +77,8 @@ class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_2(OpTest):
             'Out': self.inputs['X'] * self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 1, 4)
         }
 
-    def test_check_output(self):
-        self.check_output()
-
-    def test_check_grad_normal(self):
-        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1)
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set("X"))
-
-    def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
-        self.check_grad(
-            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.1, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
-
 
-class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_3(OpTest):
+class TestElementwiseMulOp_broadcast_3(ElementwiseMulOp):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "elementwise_mul"
         self.inputs = {

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_elementwise_sub_op.py

+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+from op_test import OpTest
+
+
+class TestElementwiseOp(OpTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_sub"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 17]).astype("float32")
+        }
+        self.outputs = {'Out': self.inputs['X'] - self.inputs['Y']}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def test_check_grad_normal(self):
+        self.check_grad(['X', 'Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.005)
+
+    def test_check_grad_ingore_x(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            ['Y'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.005, no_grad_set=set("X"))
+
+    def test_check_grad_ingore_y(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            ['X'], 'Out', max_relative_error=0.005, no_grad_set=set('Y'))
+
+
+class TestElementwiseSubOp_Vector(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_sub"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.random((32, )).astype("float32"),
+            'Y': np.random.random((32, )).astype("float32")
+        }
+        self.outputs = {'Out': self.inputs['X'] - self.inputs['Y']}
+
+
+class TestElementwiseSubOp_broadcast_0(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_sub"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(2).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 0}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] - self.inputs['Y'].reshape(2, 1, 1)
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseSubOp_broadcast_1(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_sub"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(3).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 1}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] - self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 3, 1)
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseSubOp_broadcast_2(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_sub"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(4).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] - self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 1, 4)
+        }
+
+
+class TestElementwiseSubOp_broadcast_3(TestElementwiseOp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "elementwise_sub"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.rand(2, 3, 4, 5).astype(np.float32),
+            'Y': np.random.rand(3, 4).astype(np.float32)
+        }
+
+        self.attrs = {'axis': 1}
+        self.outputs = {
+            'Out': self.inputs['X'] - self.inputs['Y'].reshape(1, 3, 4, 1)
+        }
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_fill_zeros_like_op.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ from op_test import OpTest
 class TestFillZerosLikeOp(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "fill_zeros_like"
-        self.inputs = {'Src': np.random.random((219, 232)).astype("float32")}
-        self.outputs = {'Dst': np.zeros_like(self.inputs["Src"])}
+        self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((219, 232)).astype("float32")}
+        self.outputs = {'Y': np.zeros_like(self.inputs["X"])}
 
     def test_check_output(self):
         self.check_output()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_lstm_unit_op.py

+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+from op_test import OpTest
+
+
+def sigmoid_np(x):
+    return 1. / (1. + np.exp(-x))
+
+
+def tanh_np(x):
+    return 2 * sigmoid_np(2. * x) - 1.
+
+
+class LstmUnitTest(OpTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "lstm_unit"
+        x_np = np.random.normal(size=(5, 16)).astype("float32")
+        c_np = np.random.normal(size=(5, 4)).astype("float32")
+        i_np, f_np, o_np, j_np = np.split(x_np, 4, axis=1)
+        forget_bias_np = 0.
+        self.attrs = {'forget_bias': 0.}
+
+        new_c = c_np * sigmoid_np(f_np + forget_bias_np) + sigmoid_np(
+            i_np) * tanh_np(j_np)
+        new_h = tanh_np(new_c) * sigmoid_np(o_np)
+
+        self.inputs = {'X': x_np, 'C_prev': c_np}
+        self.outputs = {'C': new_c, 'H': new_h}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def test_check_grad(self):
+        self.check_grad(['X', 'C_prev'], ['C', 'H'], max_relative_error=0.01)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_multiplex_op.py

+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+from op_test import OpTest
+
+
+class TestMultiplexOp(OpTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "multiplex"
+        rows = 4
+        index = np.arange(0, rows).astype('int32')
+        np.random.shuffle(index)
+        index = np.reshape(index, (rows, 1))
+        ins1 = np.random.random((rows, 10)).astype("float32")
+        ins2 = np.random.random((rows, 10)).astype("float32")
+        ins3 = np.random.random((rows, 10)).astype("float32")
+        ins4 = np.random.random((rows, 10)).astype("float32")
+        self.inputs = {
+            'Ids': index,
+            'X': [('x1', ins1), ('x2', ins2), ('x3', ins3), ('x4', ins4)]
+        }
+        # multiplex output
+        output = np.zeros_like(ins1)
+        for i in range(0, rows):
+            k = index[i][0]
+            output[i] = self.inputs['X'][k][1][i]
+        self.outputs = {'Out': output}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+    def test_check_grad(self):
+        self.check_grad(['x1', 'x2', 'x3', 'x4'], 'Out')
+
+    def test_check_grad_ignore_x1(self):
+        self.check_grad(['x2', 'x3', 'x4'], 'Out', no_grad_set=set('x1'))
+
+    def test_check_grad_ignore_x1_x2(self):
+        self.check_grad(['x3', 'x4'], 'Out', no_grad_set=set(['x1', 'x2']))
+
+    def test_check_grad_ignore_x3(self):
+        self.check_grad(['x1', 'x2', 'x4'], 'Out', no_grad_set=set('x3'))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_prelu_op.py

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ class PReluTest(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         self.op_type = "prelu"
         x_np = np.random.normal(size=(10, 10)).astype("float32")
+
+        for pos, val in np.ndenumerate(x_np):
+            # Since zero point in prelu is not differentiable, avoid randomize
+            # zero.
+            while abs(val) < 1e-3:
+                x_np[pos] = np.random.normal()
+                val = x_np[pos]
+
         x_np_sign = np.sign(x_np)
         x_np = x_np_sign * np.maximum(x_np, .005)
         alpha_np = np.array([.1])

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_recurrent_op.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import paddle.v2.framework.core as core
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 from paddle.v2.framework.op import Operator, RecurrentOp
+from op_test import get_numeric_gradient
 
 
 def py_sigmoid(x):
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class PySimpleRNN(object):
         else:
             pre_mem = self.h_boot
         xW = np.matmul(x, self.W)
-        hU = np.matmul(mem, self.U)
+        hU = np.matmul(pre_mem, self.U)
 
         sum = xW + hU
         self.mems[step_id] = py_sigmoid(sum)
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ def create_tensor(scope, name, shape, np_data):
     return tensor
 
 
-class TestRecurrentOp(unittest.TestCase):
+class RecurrentOpTest(unittest.TestCase):
     '''
     Test RNNOp
 
@@ -158,6 +159,42 @@ class TestRecurrentOp(unittest.TestCase):
         print
         print 'py_output', py_output
         self.assertEqual(pd_output.shape, py_output.shape)
+        self.assertTrue(np.isclose(pd_output, py_output, rtol=0.1).all())
+
+
+class RecurrentGradientOpTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def create_forward_op(self):
+        self.forward_op = RecurrentOp(
+            # inputs
+            inlinks=["x"],
+            boot_memories=["h_boot"],
+            step_net="stepnet",
+            # outputs
+            outlinks=["h"],
+            step_scopes="step_scopes",
+            # attributes
+            pre_memories=["h@pre"],
+            memories=["h@alias"])
+
+        # create a stepnet for RNN
+        stepnet = core.Net.create()
+        x_fc_op = Operator("mul", X="x@alias", Y="W", Out="Wx")
+        h_fc_op = Operator("mul", X="h@pre", Y="U", Out="Uh")
+        sum_op = Operator("add", X="Wx", Y="Uh", Out="sum")
+        sig_op = Operator("sigmoid", X="sum", Y="h@alias")
+
+        for op in [x_fc_op, h_fc_op, sum_op, sig_op]:
+            stepnet.append_op(op)
+        stepnet.complete_add_op(True)
+        self.forward_op.set_stepnet(stepnet)
+
+    def create_gradient_op(self):
+        a = set()
+        backward_op = core.RecurrentOp.backward(self.forward_op, a)
+
+    def test_grad(self):
+        self.create_forward_op()
+        self.create_gradient_op()
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_seq_pool.py

@@ -3,20 +3,37 @@ import numpy as np
 from op_test import OpTest
 
 
-class TestSeqAvgPool1D(OpTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.op_type = 'sequence_avg_pool'
+class SeqPoolType(OpTest):
+    AVERAGE = 0
+    SUM = 1
+    SQRT = 2
+    MAX = 3
+    LAST = 4
+    FIRST = 5
+
+
+class TestSeqAvgPool(OpTest):
+    def set_data(self):
+        self.op_type = 'sequence_pool'
         # one level, batch size is 4
         x = np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [11, 23]).astype('float32')
         lod = [[0, 4, 5, 8, 11]]
+        self.inputs = {'X': (x, lod)}
 
         out = np.zeros((4, 23)).astype('float32')
+        self.outputs = {'Out': out}
+
+    def compute(self):
+        self.attrs = {'strategy': SeqPoolType.AVERAGE}
+        x, lod = self.inputs['X']
+        out = self.outputs['Out']
         for i in range(4):
             sub_x = x[lod[0][i]:lod[0][i + 1], :]
             out[i] = sub_x.mean(axis=0)
 
-        self.inputs = {'X': (x, lod)}
-        self.outputs = {'Out': out}
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.set_data()
+        self.compute()
 
     def test_check_output(self):
         self.check_output()
@@ -25,26 +42,44 @@ class TestSeqAvgPool1D(OpTest):
         self.check_grad(["X"], "Out")
 
 
-class TestSeqAvgPool2D(OpTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.op_type = 'sequence_avg_pool'
+class TestSeqAvgPool2D(TestSeqAvgPool):
+    def set_data(self):
+        self.op_type = 'sequence_pool'
         # one level, batch size is 4
         x = np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [13, 3, 17]).astype('float32')
         lod = [[0, 4, 5, 8, 13]]
+        self.inputs = {'X': (x, lod)}
 
         out = np.zeros((4, 3, 17)).astype('float32')
+        self.outputs = {'Out': out}
+
+    def compute(self):
+        self.attrs = {'strategy': SeqPoolType.AVERAGE}
+        x, lod = self.inputs['X']
+        out = self.outputs['Out']
         for i in range(4):
             sub_x = np.reshape(x[lod[0][i]:lod[0][i + 1], :], (-1, 3 * 17))
             out[i] = np.reshape(sub_x.mean(axis=0), (3, 17))
 
-        self.inputs = {'X': (x, lod)}
-        self.outputs = {'Out': out}
 
-    def test_check_output(self):
-        self.check_output()
+class TestSeqSumPool(TestSeqAvgPool):
+    def compute(self):
+        self.attrs = {'strategy': SeqPoolType.SUM}
+        x, lod = self.inputs['X']
+        out = self.outputs['Out']
+        for i in range(4):
+            sub_x = x[lod[0][i]:lod[0][i + 1], :]
+            out[i] = sub_x.sum(axis=0)
 
-    def test_check_grad(self):
-        self.check_grad(["X"], "Out")
+
+class TestSeqSumPool2D(TestSeqAvgPool2D):
+    def compute(self):
+        self.attrs = {'strategy': SeqPoolType.SUM}
+        x, lod = self.inputs['X']
+        out = self.outputs['Out']
+        for i in range(4):
+            sub_x = np.reshape(x[lod[0][i]:lod[0][i + 1], :], (-1, 3 * 17))
+            out[i] = np.reshape(sub_x.sum(axis=0), (3, 17))
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':