diff --git a/doc/fluid/design/ir/draft.md b/doc/fluid/design/ir/draft.md
index a141dcbca584c6064c8da863410692a8be911d12..a33b5a9c9312c93247a1e1f3431061a5aad6c884 100644
--- a/doc/fluid/design/ir/draft.md
+++ b/doc/fluid/design/ir/draft.md
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 ## Motivation
 
-There is a ```gap``` between the ```Program``` defined by
-user and the ```Executable``` that can be scheduled
+There is a `gap` between the `Program` defined by
+user and the `Executable` that can be scheduled
 efficiently on heterogeneous hardware, either locally
 or distributedly.
 
-Usually, the ```gap``` is bridged by
+Usually, the `gap` is bridged by
 
 * A serious transformations with defined order.
 
 * These transformations usually involve
-```insert, delete, clustering, split, dependency analysis```.
+`insert, delete, clustering, split, dependency analysis`.
 
 * Has a simple way to verify and debug each transformation.
 
@@ -38,44 +38,44 @@ design below.
 
 #### Node
 
-```Node``` represents an operation that performs some computation or
+`Node` represents an operation that performs some computation or
 a variable that is input or output of operation.
 
-```Node```s are connected to other ```Node```s via inputs and outputs.
+`Node`s are connected to other `Node`s via inputs and outputs.
 
 Other properties (maybe device placement information) can be added
-to ```Node``` in the future if it's a
-common requirement of many other ```Pass```es. Otherwise, it should live
-in a ```Node``` wrapper class that is private to some ```Pass``` or be
-a local member of a ```Pass```.
+to `Node` in the future if it's a
+common requirement of many other `Pass`es. Otherwise, it should live
+in a `Node` wrapper class that is private to some `Pass` or be
+a local member of a `Pass`.
 
 #### Graph
 
-```Graph``` contains a list of ```Node```s, which are connected to
+`Graph` contains a list of `Node`s, which are connected to
 each other via inputs and outputs.
 
 TODO: Better definitions for the graph.
 
-```Graph``` can also contain ```Attribute```s. ```Attribute```s
-can be ``any`` thing. For example, it can be a list of "wraper"
-nodes. The ```wrapper``` nodes compose ```Node```s and provide
-helper method for execution or transformation. ```Attribute```
+`Graph` can also contain `Attribute`s. `Attribute`s
+can be `any` thing. For example, it can be a list of "wraper"
+nodes. The `wrapper` nodes compose `Node`s and provide
+helper method for execution or transformation. `Attribute`
 can also contain other things that describe some properties of
-the ```Graph``` or ```Graph``` nodes. ```Attribute``` can be passed
-across ```Pass```. However, it should be used with care.
+the `Graph` or `Graph` nodes. `Attribute` can be passed
+across `Pass`. However, it should be used with care.
 
 #### Pass
 
-```Pass``` represents a transformation of ```Graph```. Its input
-is a ```Graph``` and its output is also a ```Graph```. For example,
-a ```Pass``` can simply print out the ```Graph```. A ```Pass```
-can also fuse some ```Graph```'s ```Node```s.
+`Pass` represents a transformation of `Graph`. Its input
+is a `Graph` and its output is also a `Graph`. For example,
+a `Pass` can simply print out the `Graph`. A `Pass`
+can also fuse some `Graph`'s `Node`s.
 
 #### Optimize
 
-```Optimize``` contains a series of ```Pass``` with defined order.
-```Optimize``` transforms a ```Graph``` that only contains raw
-modeling logic to a ```Graph``` that can be run efficiently while
+`Optimize` contains a series of `Pass` with defined order.
+`Optimize` transforms a `Graph` that only contains raw
+modeling logic to a `Graph` that can be run efficiently while
 maintaining the original modeling logic.
 
 
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/API.spec b/paddle/fluid/API.spec
index 08147fdccd51f6899765cae3b5109e68ed27e936..6efb03dabe89b28f3ff1a55c4a940dfe74e8001d 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/API.spec
+++ b/paddle/fluid/API.spec
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ paddle.fluid.program_guard ArgSpec(args=[], varargs='args', keywords='kwds', def
 paddle.fluid.get_var ArgSpec(args=['name', 'program'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.Executor.__init__ ArgSpec(args=['self', 'place'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.Executor.as_lodtensor ArgSpec(args=['self', 'data'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.Executor.begin_pass ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.Executor.end_pass ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
+paddle.fluid.Executor.close ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.Executor.run ArgSpec(args=['self', 'program', 'feed', 'fetch_list', 'feed_var_name', 'fetch_var_name', 'scope', 'return_numpy', 'use_program_cache'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None, None, None, 'feed', 'fetch', None, True, False))
 paddle.fluid.global_scope ArgSpec(args=[], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.scope_guard ArgSpec(args=[], varargs='args', keywords='kwds', defaults=None)
@@ -200,31 +199,23 @@ paddle.fluid.layers.argsort ArgSpec(args=['input', 'axis', 'name'], varargs=None
 paddle.fluid.layers.ones ArgSpec(args=['shape', 'dtype', 'force_cpu'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(False,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.zeros ArgSpec(args=['shape', 'dtype', 'force_cpu'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(False,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.reverse ArgSpec(args=['x', 'axis'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.split_lod_tensor ArgSpec(args=['input', 'mask', 'level'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(0,))
-paddle.fluid.layers.merge_lod_tensor ArgSpec(args=['in_true', 'in_false', 'x', 'mask', 'level'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(0,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.While.__init__ ArgSpec(args=['self', 'cond', 'name'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.While.block ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.While.complete ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.Switch.__init__ ArgSpec(args=['self', 'name'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.Switch.case ArgSpec(args=['self', 'condition'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.Switch.default ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.lod_rank_table ArgSpec(args=['x', 'level'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(0,))
-paddle.fluid.layers.max_sequence_len ArgSpec(args=['rank_table'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.lod_tensor_to_array ArgSpec(args=['x', 'table'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.array_to_lod_tensor ArgSpec(args=['x', 'table'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.increment ArgSpec(args=['x', 'value', 'in_place'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(1.0, True))
 paddle.fluid.layers.array_write ArgSpec(args=['x', 'i', 'array'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.create_array ArgSpec(args=['dtype'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.less_than ArgSpec(args=['x', 'y', 'force_cpu', 'cond'], varargs=None, keywords='ignored', defaults=(None, None))
 paddle.fluid.layers.equal ArgSpec(args=['x', 'y', 'cond'], varargs=None, keywords='ignored', defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.array_read ArgSpec(args=['array', 'i'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.shrink_memory ArgSpec(args=['x', 'i', 'table'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.array_length ArgSpec(args=['array'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.IfElse.__init__ ArgSpec(args=['self', 'cond', 'name'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.IfElse.false_block ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.IfElse.input ArgSpec(args=['self', 'x'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.IfElse.output ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs='outs', keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.IfElse.parent_block ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.IfElse.true_block ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.DynamicRNN.__init__ ArgSpec(args=['self', 'name'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.DynamicRNN.block ArgSpec(args=[], varargs='args', keywords='kwds', defaults=None)
@@ -233,9 +224,6 @@ paddle.fluid.layers.DynamicRNN.output ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs='outputs',
 paddle.fluid.layers.DynamicRNN.static_input ArgSpec(args=['self', 'x'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.DynamicRNN.step_input ArgSpec(args=['self', 'x'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.DynamicRNN.update_memory ArgSpec(args=['self', 'ex_mem', 'new_mem'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.ConditionalBlock.__init__ ArgSpec(args=['self', 'inputs', 'is_scalar_condition', 'name'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(False, None))
-paddle.fluid.layers.ConditionalBlock.block ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
-paddle.fluid.layers.ConditionalBlock.complete ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.StaticRNN.__init__ ArgSpec(args=['self', 'name'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None,))
 paddle.fluid.layers.StaticRNN.complete_op ArgSpec(args=['self'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=None)
 paddle.fluid.layers.StaticRNN.memory ArgSpec(args=['self', 'init', 'shape', 'batch_ref', 'init_value', 'init_batch_dim_idx', 'ref_batch_dim_idx'], varargs=None, keywords=None, defaults=(None, None, None, 0.0, 0, 1))
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/CMakeLists.txt b/paddle/fluid/framework/CMakeLists.txt
index de06c860f550641a58a32d49e85feb7278fed1dd..93ec047c8012e41cc9dfb651e8de2b4749f93299 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,12 @@ endif()
 
 cc_test(eigen_test SRCS eigen_test.cc DEPS tensor)
 
-nv_test(mixed_vector_test SRCS mixed_vector_test.cu DEPS place memory device_context tensor)
+if(WITH_GPU)
+  nv_test(mixed_vector_test SRCS mixed_vector_test.cc mixed_vector_test.cu DEPS place memory device_context tensor)
+else()
+  cc_test(mixed_vector_test SRCS mixed_vector_test.cc DEPS place memory device_context tensor)
+endif()
+
 cc_library(lod_tensor SRCS lod_tensor.cc DEPS ddim place tensor framework_proto recordio)
 cc_test(lod_tensor_test SRCS lod_tensor_test.cc DEPS lod_tensor memory)
 nv_test(lod_tensor_gpu_test SRCS lod_tensor_test.cu DEPS lod_tensor)
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/CMakeLists.txt b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/CMakeLists.txt
index df55b3d05402f1aeecfd8d4218a637a81d58ed87..9df7df1f42886d40210b16aa2ae5823e3310bfe7 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-cc_library(var_handle SRCS var_handle.cc DEPS place framework_proto)
+cc_library(var_handle SRCS var_handle.cc DEPS place framework_proto node)
 cc_library(op_handle_base SRCS op_handle_base.cc DEPS var_handle device_context lod_tensor)
 cc_library(scale_loss_grad_op_handle SRCS scale_loss_grad_op_handle.cc DEPS op_handle_base scope lod_tensor ddim memory)
 cc_library(fetch_op_handle SRCS fetch_op_handle.cc DEPS op_handle_base scope lod_tensor ddim memory)
 cc_library(computation_op_handle SRCS computation_op_handle.cc DEPS framework_proto scope place operator op_registry)
 cc_library(rpc_op_handle SRCS rpc_op_handle.cc DEPS framework_proto scope place operator op_registry)
 
-cc_library(ssa_graph_builder SRCS ssa_graph_builder.cc DEPS graph)
+cc_library(ssa_graph_builder SRCS ssa_graph_builder.cc DEPS graph graph_helper)
 cc_library(ssa_graph_printer SRCS ssa_graph_printer.cc DEPS ssa_graph_builder)
 cc_library(ssa_graph_checker SRCS ssa_graph_checker.cc DEPS ssa_graph_builder)
 
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.cc
index f1f8674caf663ce38df5a2eecbcf690b5ca87dc4..22f0cb20d01cc5b40325ec37a8c7cd44105bc6c6 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.cc
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/reduce_op_handle.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/rpc_op_handle.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/scale_loss_grad_op_handle.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_info.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
@@ -67,7 +68,8 @@ MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder(
   }
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpHandleIOs(Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpHandleIOs(ir::Graph *result,
+                                                ir::Node *node,
                                                 size_t place_id) const {
   auto p = places_[place_id];
   auto *op_handle = result->Get<GraphOps>("ops").back().get();
@@ -92,12 +94,11 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpHandleIOs(Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
 }
 
 std::vector<std::string> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::FindDistTrainSendVars(
-    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> &nodes) const {
+    const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const {
   std::vector<std::string> send_vars;
   // since parameters are all in block 0,
   // it's enough to only scan send ops in block 0
   for (auto &node : nodes) {
-    if (node->NodeType() != ir::Node::Type::kOperation) continue;
     OpDesc *op = node->Op();
     // TODO(Yancey1989): use a graceful method to find send op,
     // instead of the the hard code string
@@ -112,10 +113,9 @@ std::vector<std::string> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::FindDistTrainSendVars(
 }
 
 std::vector<std::string> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::FindDistTrainRecvVars(
-    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> &nodes) const {
+    const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const {
   std::vector<std::string> recv_vars;
   for (auto &node : nodes) {
-    if (node->NodeType() != ir::Node::Type::kOperation) continue;
     OpDesc *op = node->Op();
     // TODO(Yancey1989): use a graceful method to find recv op,
     // instead of the hard code string
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ size_t MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetAppropriateDeviceID(
     const std::vector<std::string> &var_names) const {
   int64_t numel_sum = 0;
   for (auto var_name : var_names) {
+    if (all_vars_.find(var_name) == all_vars_.end()) continue;
     auto var_desc = all_vars_.at(var_name);
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var_desc);
     auto dim = framework::make_ddim(var_desc->GetShape());
@@ -186,19 +187,70 @@ size_t MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetAppropriateDeviceID(
   return dev_id;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Apply(
-    std::unique_ptr<Graph> graph) const {
-  // Rebuild the graph structure.
-  auto nodes = std::move(graph->nodes);
-  graph->nodes.clear();
+// Topology sort the graph nodes from inputs to outputs.
+// Since SSAGraphBuilder depends on forward/backward nodes to assign devices
+// to parameter/gradients before optimizer ops, topo sort is insufficient. (
+// some optimizer ops might not depend on any nodes), we manually move all
+// optimizer nodes after last backward nodes.
+// However, the assumption by SSAGraphBuilder should be relaxed in the future.
+std::vector<ir::Node *> SortOpsAndDelayOptimizeOp(const ir::Graph &graph) {
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> ret = ir::TopologySortOperations(graph);
+  size_t last_backward = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); ++i) {
+    if (boost::get<int>(
+            ret[i]->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==
+        static_cast<int>(OpRole::kBackward)) {
+      last_backward = i;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> optimize_ops;
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> sorted_ret;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i < last_backward) {
+      if (boost::get<int>(ret[i]->Op()->GetAttr(
+              OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==
+          static_cast<int>(OpRole::kOptimize)) {
+        optimize_ops.push_back(ret[i]);
+      } else {
+        sorted_ret.push_back(ret[i]);
+      }
+    } else if (i == last_backward) {
+      sorted_ret.push_back(ret[i]);
+      // Verify that no operations before optimize ops depends on optimize ops.
+      std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> optimize_set(optimize_ops.begin(),
+                                                  optimize_ops.end());
+      for (ir::Node *n : sorted_ret) {
+        for (ir::Node *in : n->inputs) {
+          for (ir::Node *pre_n : in->inputs) {
+            PADDLE_ENFORCE(optimize_set.find(pre_n) == optimize_set.end(),
+                           "optimize operations cannot be depended by forward "
+                           "or backward node %s -> %s",
+                           pre_n->Name(), n->Name());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      sorted_ret.insert(sorted_ret.end(), optimize_ops.begin(),
+                        optimize_ops.end());
+    } else {
+      sorted_ret.push_back(ret[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  return sorted_ret;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Apply(
+    std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> graph) const {
+  // Give the topology sort order and rebuild the graph structure.
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> sorted_ops = SortOpsAndDelayOptimizeOp(*graph);
+  auto nodes = graph->ReleaseNodes();
+  ir::Graph &result = *graph;
 
   for (auto &node : nodes) {
-    if (node->NodeType() == ir::Node::Type::kVariable) {
+    if (node->NodeType() == ir::Node::Type::kVariable && node->Var()) {
       all_vars_.emplace(node->Name(), node->Var());
     }
   }
-
-  Graph &result = *graph;
   std::unordered_set<std::string> og_has_been_broadcast;
 
   // We cannot invoke resize. It is a bug of GCC 4.8
@@ -208,8 +260,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Apply(
 
   // find send/recv vars so that we can place the distributed training
   // realted op in the place 0
-  auto send_vars = FindDistTrainSendVars(nodes);
-  auto recv_vars = FindDistTrainRecvVars(nodes);
+  auto send_vars = FindDistTrainSendVars(sorted_ops);
+  auto recv_vars = FindDistTrainRecvVars(sorted_ops);
 
   std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::string>> bcast_var_name_set;
   bcast_var_name_set.resize(places_.size());
@@ -217,22 +269,18 @@ std::unique_ptr<Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Apply(
   size_t cur_device_id = 0;
   bool is_forwarding = true;
 
-  // NOTE: Currently, passes before SSAGraphBuilder cannot reorder
-  // forward, backward nodes. E.g. you can't append an forward node
-  // at the end of the node list.
-  // TODO(panyx0718): FIXME: Needs to sort by forward->backward order.
-  for (auto &node : nodes) {
-    if (node->NodeType() != ir::Node::Type::kOperation) continue;
+  for (ir::Node *node : sorted_ops) {
     if (boost::get<int>(
             node->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==
         static_cast<int>(OpRole::kRPC)) {
-      CreateRPCOp(&result, node.get());
-    } else if (IsDistTrainOp(node.get(), send_vars, recv_vars)) {
-      CreateDistTrainOp(&result, node.get());
-    } else if (IsScaleLossOp(node.get())) {
+      CreateRPCOp(&result, node);
+    } else if (IsDistTrainOp(node, send_vars, recv_vars)) {
+      CreateDistTrainOp(&result, node);
+    } else if (IsScaleLossOp(node)) {
       // user can customize loss@grad if not use_default_grad_scale_
       if (strategy_.gradient_scale_ !=
           BuildStrategy::GradientScaleStrategy::kCustomized) {
+        // TODO(paddle-dev): Why is there no input for this op_handle?
         CreateScaleLossGradOp(&result);
       }
       // This assumes the backward generating code will ensure IsScaleLossOp
@@ -241,24 +289,23 @@ std::unique_ptr<Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Apply(
       // the block.
       is_forwarding = false;
     } else {
-      int op_dev_id = GetOpDeviceID(node.get());
+      int op_dev_id = GetOpDeviceID(node);
       if (op_dev_id != -1) {  // This op only runs on one specific device.
-        CreateComputationalOp(&result, node.get(), op_dev_id);
+        CreateComputationalOp(&result, node, op_dev_id);
         for (ir::Node *n : node->outputs) {
           var_name_on_devices_.emplace(n->Name(), op_dev_id);
         }
       } else {
         // This op runs on all devices, and its output may have parameter's
         // gradients.
+        // TODO(paddle-dev): Why is so special about "read" op?
         if (node->Op()->Type() == "read" && strategy_.enable_data_balance_) {
           node->Op()->SetAttr("throw_eof_exp", false);
-          CreateComputationalOps(&result, node.get(), places_.size());
-          // TODO(paddle-dev): builder shouldn't depend on the out logic of
-          // a specific op.
+          CreateComputationalOps(&result, node, places_.size());
           const auto &data_var_names = node->Op()->Output("Out");
           InsertDataBalanceOp(&result, data_var_names);
         } else {
-          CreateComputationalOps(&result, node.get(), places_.size());
+          CreateComputationalOps(&result, node, places_.size());
         }
 
         if (!is_forwarding && places_.size() > 1) {
@@ -322,17 +369,17 @@ std::unique_ptr<Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Apply(
       }
     }
   }
-
   /*
-    Dependency graph has been constructed. However, there are still data
-    hazards need to be handled.
-   */
+  Dependency graph has been constructed. However, there are still data
+  hazards need to be handled.
+ */
   PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(&result);
 
   /*
    * Only variables should be the leaves of graph.
    */
   AddOutputToLeafOps(&result);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(!ir::HasCircle(result));
   return graph;
 }
 
@@ -357,7 +404,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::SetCommunicationContext(
 #endif
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateBroadcastOp(Graph *result,
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateBroadcastOp(ir::Graph *result,
                                                 const std::string &p_name,
                                                 size_t src_dev_id) const {
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
@@ -387,7 +434,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateBroadcastOp(Graph *result,
   }
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateComputationalOp(Graph *result,
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateComputationalOp(ir::Graph *result,
                                                     ir::Node *node,
                                                     int dev_id) const {
   result->Get<GraphOps>("ops").emplace_back(
@@ -396,7 +443,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateComputationalOp(Graph *result,
   CreateOpHandleIOs(result, node, dev_id);
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::InsertAllReduceOp(Graph *result,
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::InsertAllReduceOp(ir::Graph *result,
                                                 const std::string &og) const {
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
   result->Get<GraphOps>("ops").emplace_back(new AllReduceOpHandle(
@@ -426,7 +473,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::InsertAllReduceOp(Graph *result,
 }
 
 void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::InsertDataBalanceOp(
-    Graph *result, const std::vector<std::string> &datas) const {
+    ir::Graph *result, const std::vector<std::string> &datas) const {
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
   result->Get<GraphOps>("ops").emplace_back(new DataBalanceOpHandle(
       result->CreateEmptyNode("data_balance", ir::Node::Type::kOperation),
@@ -479,8 +526,8 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetOpDeviceID(ir::Node *node) const {
 
   PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(param_grad.size(), 2U);
   int dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(param_grad[1]);
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(dev_id, -1, "dev_id should not be -1.[%s, %s]",
-                    node->Op()->Type(), param_grad[0]);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(dev_id, -1, "dev_id should not be -1.[%s, %s, %s]",
+                    node->Op()->Type(), param_grad[0], param_grad[1]);
   return dev_id;
 }
 
@@ -489,7 +536,7 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetVarDeviceID(const std::string &varname) const {
   return got == var_name_on_devices_.end() ? -1 : got->second;
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateScaleLossGradOp(Graph *result) const {
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateScaleLossGradOp(ir::Graph *result) const {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < places_.size(); ++i) {
 // Insert ScaleCost OpHandle
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
@@ -519,7 +566,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateScaleLossGradOp(Graph *result) const {
   }
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateComputationalOps(Graph *result,
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateComputationalOps(ir::Graph *result,
                                                      ir::Node *node,
                                                      size_t num_places) const {
   for (size_t scope_idx = 0; scope_idx < num_places; ++scope_idx) {
@@ -531,7 +578,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateComputationalOps(Graph *result,
   }
 }
 
-VarHandle *MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateReduceOp(Graph *result,
+VarHandle *MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateReduceOp(ir::Graph *result,
                                                    const std::string &og,
                                                    int dst_dev_id) const {
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
@@ -564,12 +611,11 @@ VarHandle *MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateReduceOp(Graph *result,
 
 // Find the first occurence of `prev_op_name` and make current `op` depend
 // on it.
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ConnectOp(Graph *result, OpHandleBase *op,
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ConnectOp(ir::Graph *result, OpHandleBase *op,
                                         const std::string &prev_op_name) const {
   for (auto &prev_op : result->Get<GraphOps>("ops")) {
     if (prev_op->Name() == prev_op_name) {
-      auto *dep_var = new DummyVarHandle(
-          result->CreateEmptyNode("dummy", ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
+      auto *dep_var = new DummyVarHandle(result->CreateControlDepVar());
       prev_op->AddOutput(dep_var);
       result->Get<GraphDepVars>("dep_vars").emplace(dep_var);
       op->AddInput(dep_var);
@@ -577,7 +623,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ConnectOp(Graph *result, OpHandleBase *op,
   }
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateDistTrainOp(Graph *result,
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateDistTrainOp(ir::Graph *result,
                                                 ir::Node *node) const {
   int op_dev_id = -1;
   std::vector<std::string> input_var_names;
@@ -591,6 +637,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateDistTrainOp(Graph *result,
 
   if (node->Op()->Type() == "split_byref" ||
       node->Op()->Type() == "split_selected_rows") {
+    // TODO(paddle-dev): getting the first var is not safe.
     op_dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(input_var_names[0]);
     if (strategy_.reduce_ == BuildStrategy::ReduceStrategy::kAllReduce) {
       op_dev_id = GetAppropriateDeviceID(input_var_names);
@@ -624,10 +671,14 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateDistTrainOp(Graph *result,
 }
 
 // Create RPC related op handles that connects its in ops and out ops.
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateRPCOp(Graph *result, ir::Node *node) const {
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateRPCOp(ir::Graph *result,
+                                          ir::Node *node) const {
   int op_dev_id = -1;
   if (node->Op()->Type() == "send") {
+    // TODO(paddle-dev): getting the first var is not safe.
     op_dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(node->inputs[0]->Name());
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(!ir::IsControlDepVar(*node->inputs[0]),
+                   "This hack no longer holds, please fix.");
     // the variable name which contains .block means it was splited by
     // split_byref op
     // so that we can balance the variable blocks to all the pserver
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.h
index 2b7f4f586b4e750fde9245286c977258a9db6086..55076f227b5ab56d66b5053173c9e915da23b15f 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.h
@@ -46,11 +46,13 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public SSAGraphBuilder {
                           const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
                           const BuildStrategy &strategy);
 #endif
-  std::unique_ptr<Graph> Apply(std::unique_ptr<Graph> graph) const override;
+  std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> Apply(
+      std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> graph) const override;
   int GetVarDeviceID(const std::string &varname) const override;
 
  private:
-  void CreateOpHandleIOs(Graph *result, ir::Node *node, size_t device_id) const;
+  void CreateOpHandleIOs(ir::Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
+                         size_t device_id) const;
 
  private:
   std::string loss_var_name_;
@@ -64,8 +66,8 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public SSAGraphBuilder {
 
   bool IsScaleLossOp(ir::Node *node) const;
 
-  void CreateRPCOp(Graph *result, ir::Node *node) const;
-  void CreateDistTrainOp(Graph *result, ir::Node *node) const;
+  void CreateRPCOp(ir::Graph *result, ir::Node *node) const;
+  void CreateDistTrainOp(ir::Graph *result, ir::Node *node) const;
 
   /**
    * Is this operator as the end-point operator before/after send operator.
@@ -74,21 +76,22 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public SSAGraphBuilder {
                      const std::vector<std::string> &recv_vars) const;
 
   std::vector<std::string> FindDistTrainSendVars(
-      const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> &nodes) const;
+      const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const;
 
   std::vector<std::string> FindDistTrainRecvVars(
-      const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> &nodes) const;
+      const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const;
 
-  void ConnectOp(Graph *result, OpHandleBase *op,
+  void ConnectOp(ir::Graph *result, OpHandleBase *op,
                  const std::string &prev_op_name) const;
 
-  void CreateComputationalOps(Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
+  void CreateComputationalOps(ir::Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
                               size_t num_places) const;
 
-  void CreateScaleLossGradOp(Graph *result) const;
-  VarHandle *CreateReduceOp(Graph *result, const std::string &og,
+  void CreateScaleLossGradOp(ir::Graph *result) const;
+  VarHandle *CreateReduceOp(ir::Graph *result, const std::string &og,
                             int dst_dev_id) const;
-  void CreateComputationalOp(Graph *result, ir::Node *node, int dev_id) const;
+  void CreateComputationalOp(ir::Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
+                             int dev_id) const;
 
   bool IsParameterGradientOnce(
       const std::string &og,
@@ -96,12 +99,12 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public SSAGraphBuilder {
 
   int GetOpDeviceID(ir::Node *node) const;
 
-  void InsertAllReduceOp(Graph *result, const std::string &og) const;
+  void InsertAllReduceOp(ir::Graph *result, const std::string &og) const;
 
-  void InsertDataBalanceOp(Graph *result,
+  void InsertDataBalanceOp(ir::Graph *result,
                            const std::vector<std::string> &datas) const;
 
-  void CreateBroadcastOp(Graph *result, const std::string &p_name,
+  void CreateBroadcastOp(ir::Graph *result, const std::string &p_name,
                          size_t src_dev_id) const;
 
   bool IsSparseGradient(const std::string &og) const;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/rpc_op_handle.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/rpc_op_handle.cc
index 924ff4d118a192a43e5828a38fd1abbaac1a8526..f44b374edb29228dff5a8bf003d945291f166d49 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/rpc_op_handle.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/rpc_op_handle.cc
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/rpc_op_handle.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ void RPCOpHandle::RunImpl() {
   for (auto *in : inputs_) {
     auto &p = static_cast<VarHandle *>(in)->place_;
     // FIXME(Yancey1989): need a better solution instead of use DebugString()
-    if (in->DebugString() == "dummy") {  // HACK
+    if (ir::IsControlDepVar(*in->Node())) {  // HACK
       continue;
     }
     if (in->GeneratedOp()) {
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.cc
index 7bc130ef6e8d2e0caf6e445d12950b87e6dd4dbd..506e7eb35cd977869424223cb863dd64dbaa9d30 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.cc
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
 namespace details {
-void SSAGraphBuilder::PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(Graph *graph) {
+void SSAGraphBuilder::PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(ir::Graph *graph) {
   for (auto &var_map : graph->Get<GraphVars>("vars")) {
     for (auto &name_pair : var_map) {
       if (name_pair.second.size() <= 1) {
@@ -36,9 +36,18 @@ void SSAGraphBuilder::PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(Graph *graph) {
             // Read Write is the same op.
             continue;
           }
+          bool has_dep = false;
+          for (auto *r_out : read_op->Outputs()) {
+            for (auto *w_in : write_op->Inputs()) {
+              if (r_out->Node() == w_in->Node()) {
+                has_dep = true;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          if (has_dep) continue;
 
-          auto *dep_var = new DummyVarHandle(
-              graph->CreateEmptyNode("dummy", ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
+          auto *dep_var = new DummyVarHandle(graph->CreateControlDepVar());
           read_op->AddOutput(dep_var);
           write_op->AddInput(dep_var);
           graph->Get<GraphDepVars>("dep_vars").emplace(dep_var);
@@ -49,7 +58,7 @@ void SSAGraphBuilder::PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(Graph *graph) {
 }
 
 VarHandle *SSAGraphBuilder::CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(
-    Graph *graph, ir::Node *node, const platform::Place &place,
+    ir::Graph *graph, ir::Node *node, const platform::Place &place,
     size_t place_offset) {
   auto &var_holders = graph->Get<GraphVars>("vars")[place_offset];
   auto &var_holder = var_holders[node->Name()];
@@ -70,7 +79,7 @@ VarHandle *SSAGraphBuilder::CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(
   return var;
 }
 
-void SSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpOutput(Graph *graph, OpHandleBase *op_handle,
+void SSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpOutput(ir::Graph *graph, OpHandleBase *op_handle,
                                      ir::Node *new_node,
                                      const platform::Place &place,
                                      size_t place_offset) {
@@ -82,13 +91,12 @@ void SSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpOutput(Graph *graph, OpHandleBase *op_handle,
   op_handle->AddOutput(var);
 }
 
-void SSAGraphBuilder::AddOutputToLeafOps(Graph *graph) {
+void SSAGraphBuilder::AddOutputToLeafOps(ir::Graph *graph) {
   for (auto &op : graph->Get<GraphOps>("ops")) {
     if (!op->Outputs().empty()) {
       continue;
     }
-    auto *dummy_leaf = new DummyVarHandle(
-        graph->CreateEmptyNode("dummy", ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
+    auto *dummy_leaf = new DummyVarHandle(graph->CreateControlDepVar());
     graph->Get<GraphDepVars>("dep_vars").emplace(dummy_leaf);
     op->AddOutput(dummy_leaf);
   }
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.h
index e8e8acdb38f893302fb92c47d6f1cb2d38453e0f..2b4f31f2ff3444f909e3be5eb810ae6737e237b2 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.h
@@ -57,26 +57,23 @@ class SSAGraphBuilder : public ir::Pass {
   DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SSAGraphBuilder);
 
  protected:
-  /**
-   * We only handle write after read(WAR), since it should not have a write
-   * after write in program. If there are write after write operators, we need
-   * prune them.
-   *
-   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_(computer_architecture)#Write_after_read_(WAR)
-   */
-  static void PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(Graph *graph);
-
-  static VarHandle *CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(Graph *graph, ir::Node *node,
+  /*
+    Dependency graph has been constructed. However, there are still data
+    hazards need to be handled.
+  */
+  static void PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(ir::Graph *graph);
+
+  static VarHandle *CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(ir::Graph *graph, ir::Node *node,
                                                const platform::Place &place,
                                                size_t place_offset);
 
   // Add an output variable (each_var_name, place, place_offset) to op_handle,
   // which belongs to graph
-  static void CreateOpOutput(Graph *graph, OpHandleBase *op_handle,
+  static void CreateOpOutput(ir::Graph *graph, OpHandleBase *op_handle,
                              ir::Node *new_node, const platform::Place &place,
                              size_t place_offset);
 
-  static void AddOutputToLeafOps(Graph *graph);
+  static void AddOutputToLeafOps(ir::Graph *graph);
 };
 }  // namespace details
 }  // namespace framework
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.cc
index 7c79d7f1e881c67514634d56caa715c41927dbce..0438b096109a287366610d06ef2bd14c765a8f43 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
 namespace details {
 
-bool SSAGraghBuilderWithChecker::IsValidGraph(const Graph *graph) const {
+bool SSAGraghBuilderWithChecker::IsValidGraph(const ir::Graph *graph) const {
   std::unordered_map<OpHandleBase *, size_t> pending_ops;
   std::unordered_set<VarHandleBase *> pending_vars;
   std::unordered_set<VarHandleBase *> ready_vars;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.h
index 2e397e86825a41765a360d31fa8595d17027f3ec..51ce6e5ecad755613551aa6525b5cfbe4a8933ef 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_checker.h
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class SSAGraghBuilderWithChecker : public SSAGraphBuilder {
       std::unique_ptr<SSAGraphBuilder>&& builder)
       : builder_(std::move(builder)) {}
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Graph> Apply(std::unique_ptr<Graph> graph) const override {
+  std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> Apply(
+      std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> graph) const override {
     auto new_graph = builder_->Apply(std::move(graph));
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(IsValidGraph(new_graph.get()));
     return new_graph;
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class SSAGraghBuilderWithChecker : public SSAGraphBuilder {
     return builder_->GetVarDeviceID(var_name);
   }
 
-  bool IsValidGraph(const Graph* graph) const;
+  bool IsValidGraph(const ir::Graph* graph) const;
 
  private:
   std::unique_ptr<SSAGraphBuilder> builder_;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.cc
index 6dd6fd262e35a192ba85eb3aa16660526d2ebca2..20aab1464400aa9bb1bd6af11c06269c688a8308 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.cc
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace framework {
 namespace details {
 
 template <typename Callback>
-static inline void IterAllVar(const Graph &graph, Callback callback) {
+static inline void IterAllVar(const ir::Graph &graph, Callback callback) {
   for (auto &each : graph.Get<GraphVars>("vars")) {
     for (auto &pair1 : each) {
       for (auto &pair2 : pair1.second) {
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ static inline void IterAllVar(const Graph &graph, Callback callback) {
   }
 }
 
-void GraphvizSSAGraphPrinter::Print(const Graph &graph,
+void GraphvizSSAGraphPrinter::Print(const ir::Graph &graph,
                                     std::ostream &sout) const {
   size_t var_id = 0;
   std::unordered_map<const VarHandleBase *, size_t> vars;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.h
index cd72162f44ca76aa6340606cf79a73601eae89af..a77c1bad3f15bca9064ded860696eb68b033b090 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_printer.h
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ namespace details {
 class SSAGraphPrinter {
  public:
   virtual ~SSAGraphPrinter() {}
-  virtual void Print(const Graph& graph, std::ostream& sout) const = 0;
+  virtual void Print(const ir::Graph& graph, std::ostream& sout) const = 0;
 };
 
 class GraphvizSSAGraphPrinter : public SSAGraphPrinter {
  public:
-  void Print(const Graph& graph, std::ostream& sout) const override;
+  void Print(const ir::Graph& graph, std::ostream& sout) const override;
 };
 
 class SSAGraghBuilderWithPrinter : public SSAGraphBuilder {
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ class SSAGraghBuilderWithPrinter : public SSAGraphBuilder {
         stream_ptr_(std::move(sout)),
         stream_ref_(*stream_ptr_) {}
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Graph> Apply(std::unique_ptr<Graph> graph) const override {
+  std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> Apply(
+      std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> graph) const override {
     auto new_graph = builder_->Apply(std::move(graph));
     printer_->Print(*new_graph, stream_ref_);
     return new_graph;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.cc
index f85c62dd6c4a8033a037b1e001ece6a9cc90ca98..c19f74476f9a1498a7d61f5faf204e9966aea155 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.cc
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ namespace framework {
 namespace details {
 ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor::ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor(
     const ExecutionStrategy &strategy, const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
-    const std::vector<platform::Place> &places, std::unique_ptr<Graph> &&graph)
+    const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+    std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> &&graph)
     : graph_(std::move(graph)),
       pool_(strategy.num_threads_ >= 2 ? new ::ThreadPool(strategy.num_threads_)
                                        : nullptr),
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.h
index bf7c0a367a19ff4ac9462334516f1577672faa68..3d67daa45e20fdea52689684397ad01f2f4cd783 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor : public SSAGraphExecutor {
   ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor(const ExecutionStrategy &strategy,
                            const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
                            const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
-                           std::unique_ptr<Graph> &&graph);
+                           std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> &&graph);
 
   // Run a SSAGraph by a thread pool
   // Use topological sort algorithm
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor : public SSAGraphExecutor {
              details::OpHandleBase *op);
 
  private:
-  std::unique_ptr<Graph> graph_;
+  std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> graph_;
   std::unique_ptr<::ThreadPool> pool_;
   std::vector<Scope *> local_scopes_;
   std::vector<platform::Place> places_;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.cc
index 6f00abd9473a84a77ed1a39015e2ae079e00be79..5457870e9ff5d7cf67c9c7076b9aae94eeada779 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.cc
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ std::string VarHandle::DebugString() const {
   return ss.str();
 }
 
-std::string DummyVarHandle::DebugString() const { return "dummy"; }
+std::string DummyVarHandle::DebugString() const { return node_->Name(); }
 }  // namespace details
 }  // namespace framework
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.cc
index 84f67fafa19ac545ebb7a1019059e3c74c363c56..c2800c972a5501859672fbfd6921499e84d09cb0 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.cc
@@ -45,19 +45,13 @@ ExecutorPrepareContext::~ExecutorPrepareContext() {
 
 Executor::Executor(const platform::Place& place) : place_(place) {}
 
+void Executor::Close() {
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
-void Executor::BeginPass() {
   ::paddle::operators::distributed::RPCClient::GetInstance<
       ::paddle::operators::distributed::GRPCClient>()
-      ->SendBeginPass();
-}
-
-void Executor::EndPass() {
-  ::paddle::operators::distributed::RPCClient::GetInstance<
-      ::paddle::operators::distributed::GRPCClient>()
-      ->SendEndPass();
-}
+      ->SendComplete();
 #endif
+}
 
 void InitializeVariable(Variable* var, proto::VarType::Type var_type) {
   if (var_type == proto::VarType::LOD_TENSOR) {
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.h
index 563a4b2bb65dad481a755f67c7f23939816ce8e8..214ca3dc492c31d4c683790a6ae051be467401c9 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/executor.h
@@ -44,17 +44,11 @@ class Executor {
 
   explicit Executor(const platform::Place& place);
 
-#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
   /*
-   * Sending signal to pserver to mark current pass started.
+   * Close this Executor.
+   * Calling this method will send complete messages to all pserver instances.
    */
-  void BeginPass();
-
-  /*
-   * Sending signal to pserver to mark current pass finished.
-   */
-  void EndPass();
-#endif
+  void Close();
 
   /* @Brief
    * Runtime evaluation of the given ProgramDesc under certain Scope
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/CMakeLists.txt b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/CMakeLists.txt
index ee0604383ec9df826fa2abaef1f643ba0da6a096..6447452ae58344273fe569c91168c7c95a901c8d 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 cc_library(node SRCS node.cc DEPS proto_desc)
 cc_library(graph SRCS graph.cc DEPS node)
+cc_library(graph_helper SRCS graph_helper.cc DEPS graph)
 cc_library(pass SRCS pass.cc DEPS graph node)
-
-cc_test(graph_test SRCS graph_test.cc DEPS graph proto_desc op_registry)
+cc_test(graph_test SRCS graph_test.cc DEPS graph op_registry)
+cc_test(graph_helper_test SRCS graph_helper_test.cc DEPS graph_helper op_registry)
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.cc
index e4021aa92b6da2343b604fb7bc01d31edb97d842..740acfafb7594d8d9f3ca5439323ce76c5ed271a 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.cc
@@ -12,14 +12,18 @@ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_proto_maker.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/program_desc.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/var_desc.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
+namespace ir {
 
-// NOTE(paddle-dev): This graph contains circle.
 Graph::Graph(const ProgramDesc &program) : program_(program) {
   VLOG(3) << "block in program:" << program_.Size();
   std::unordered_map<std::string, VarDesc *> all_vars;
@@ -27,40 +31,87 @@ Graph::Graph(const ProgramDesc &program) : program_(program) {
     all_vars.emplace(var->Name(), var);
   }
 
-  std::map<std::string, ir::Node *> var_nodes;
+  std::map<std::string, std::vector<ir::Node *>> var_nodes;
   for (auto *op : program.Block(0).AllOps()) {
     ir::Node *node = CreateOpNode(op);
-
+    // For input args, reuse the same var name if it was created before.
+    // Otherwise, create a new one.
     for (auto &each_var_name : op->InputArgumentNames()) {
       ir::Node *var = nullptr;
       if (var_nodes.find(each_var_name) != var_nodes.end()) {
-        var = var_nodes.at(each_var_name);
+        var = var_nodes.at(each_var_name).back();
       } else if (all_vars.count(each_var_name) != 0) {
         var = CreateVarNode(all_vars.at(each_var_name));
-        var_nodes[each_var_name] = var;
+        var_nodes[each_var_name].push_back(var);
       } else {
-        // TODO(paddle-dev): Seems some assumption doesn't hold?
-        VLOG(3) << op->Type()
-                << " input var not in all_var list: " << each_var_name;
+        // Operation input var can be optional (dispensable). Which means
+        // the operation doesn't really need the var at runtime. In this
+        // case, the no-existed var is ready at the beginning.
         var = CreateEmptyNode(each_var_name, ir::Node::Type::kVariable);
-        var_nodes[each_var_name] = var;
+        var_nodes[each_var_name].push_back(var);
       }
       node->inputs.push_back(var);
       var->outputs.push_back(node);
     }
-
+    // For output args, always create a new var.
     for (auto &each_var_name : op->OutputArgumentNames()) {
-      ir::Node *var = nullptr;
-      if (var_nodes.find(each_var_name) != var_nodes.end()) {
-        var = var_nodes.at(each_var_name);
-      } else {
-        var = CreateVarNode(all_vars.at(each_var_name));
-        var_nodes[each_var_name] = var;
-      }
+      ir::Node *var = CreateVarNode(all_vars.at(each_var_name));
+      var_nodes[each_var_name].push_back(var);
       node->outputs.push_back(var);
       var->inputs.push_back(node);
     }
   }
+  /**
+   * We only handle write after read(WAR), since it should not have a write
+   * after write in program. If there are write after write operators, we need
+   * prune them.
+   *
+   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_(computer_architecture)#Write_after_read_(WAR)
+   */
+
+  for (auto &var : var_nodes) {
+    auto &versions = var.second;
+    if (versions.size() <= 1) continue;
+
+    auto it_new = versions.rbegin();
+    auto it_old = versions.rbegin();
+    ++it_old;
+    for (; it_old != versions.rend(); it_new = it_old, ++it_old) {
+      ir::Node *write_op =
+          (*it_new)->inputs.empty() ? nullptr : (*it_new)->inputs[0];
+      const auto &read_ops = (*it_old)->outputs;
+
+      for (auto *read_op : read_ops) {
+        // Manually add a dependency var from read_op to write_op;
+        if (read_op == write_op) {
+          // Read Write is the same op.
+          continue;
+        }
+        // 2 ops might have been connected via other vars.
+        bool has_dep = false;
+        for (ir::Node *r_out : read_op->outputs) {
+          for (ir::Node *w_in : write_op->inputs) {
+            if (r_out == w_in) {
+              has_dep = true;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (has_dep) continue;
+
+        ir::Node *dep_var = CreateControlDepVar();
+        read_op->outputs.push_back(dep_var);
+        dep_var->inputs.push_back(read_op);
+        write_op->inputs.push_back(dep_var);
+        dep_var->outputs.push_back(write_op);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsControlDepVar(const ir::Node &var) {
+  return var.Name().find(ir::Node::kControlDepVarName) != std::string::npos;
 }
+}  // namespace ir
 }  // namespace framework
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h
index b4ac135b029005b723abca2cb9b9a9aa175eda40..4f59ec82a7d1217621c95d9a4a433a9af43e95da 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h
@@ -26,13 +26,14 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
+namespace ir {
 
 class Graph {
  public:
-  explicit Graph(const ProgramDesc& program);
+  explicit Graph(const ProgramDesc &program);
 
   virtual ~Graph() {
-    for (auto& attr : attrs_) {
+    for (auto &attr : attrs_) {
       attr_dels_[attr.first]();
     }
     attrs_.clear();
@@ -40,12 +41,12 @@ class Graph {
   }
 
   template <typename AttrType>
-  AttrType& Get(const std::string& attr_name) const {
-    return *boost::any_cast<AttrType*>(attrs_.at(attr_name));
+  AttrType &Get(const std::string &attr_name) const {
+    return *boost::any_cast<AttrType *>(attrs_.at(attr_name));
   }
 
   template <typename AttrType>
-  void Set(const std::string& attr_name, AttrType* attr) {
+  void Set(const std::string &attr_name, AttrType *attr) {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(attrs_.count(attr_name) == 0);
     attrs_[attr_name] = attr;
     attr_dels_[attr_name] = [attr, attr_name]() {
@@ -54,29 +55,70 @@ class Graph {
     };
   }
 
-  ir::Node* CreateVarNode(VarDesc* var_desc) {
-    nodes.emplace_back(new ir::Node(var_desc));
-    return nodes.back().get();
+  const std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> &Nodes() const { return node_set_; }
+
+  // Create a normal variable with non-null VarDesc.
+  ir::Node *CreateVarNode(VarDesc *var_desc) {
+    return AddNode(new ir::Node(var_desc));
+  }
+
+  // Create a normal runnable operator with OpDesc.
+  ir::Node *CreateOpNode(OpDesc *op_desc) {
+    return AddNode(new ir::Node(op_desc));
   }
 
-  ir::Node* CreateOpNode(OpDesc* op_desc) {
-    nodes.emplace_back(new ir::Node(op_desc));
-    return nodes.back().get();
+  // Create a control dependency var that connects 2 operations. The
+  // var doesn't hold any data. Other than that, it's no different from
+  // other var, considering dependency analysis.
+  ir::Node *CreateControlDepVar() {
+    // TODO(panyx0718): control var name should be really unique.
+    const std::string name = string::Sprintf(
+        "%s@%llu", ir::Node::kControlDepVarName, node_set_.size());
+    return AddNode(new ir::Node(name, ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
   }
 
-  ir::Node* CreateEmptyNode(const std::string& name, ir::Node::Type type) {
-    nodes.emplace_back(new ir::Node(name, type));
-    return nodes.back().get();
+  // A more free style way of creating a graph node. Mostly use for test
+  // or "copy" from another node. Avoid using it if possible.
+  ir::Node *CreateEmptyNode(const std::string &name, ir::Node::Type type) {
+    return AddNode(new ir::Node(name, type));
   }
 
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> nodes;
+  // Clear all node information of the graph and return the ownership of the
+  // nodes.
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> ReleaseNodes() {
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> ret;
+    for (auto &n : nodes_) {
+      ret.emplace_back(n.second.release());
+    }
+    nodes_.clear();
+    node_set_.clear();
+    return ret;
+  }
 
  private:
+  // This method takes ownership of `node`.
+  ir::Node *AddNode(ir::Node *node) {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(node_set_.find(node) == node_set_.end());
+    nodes_[node].reset(node);
+    node_set_.insert(node);
+    return node;
+  }
+
+  void RemoveNode(ir::Node *node) {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(node_set_.find(node) != node_set_.end());
+    node_set_.erase(node);
+    nodes_.erase(node);
+  }
+
   // NOTE: program_ shouldn't be exposed to user.
-  const ProgramDesc& program_;
+  const ProgramDesc &program_;
   std::map<std::string, boost::any> attrs_;
   std::map<std::string, std::function<void(void)>> attr_dels_;
+  std::map<ir::Node *, std::unique_ptr<ir::Node>> nodes_;
+  std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> node_set_;
 };
 
+bool IsControlDepVar(const ir::Node &var);
+}  // namespace ir
 }  // namespace framework
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1c19e6535150130822e9f48685241e62de5b064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace ir {
+namespace {
+void SortHelper(
+    const std::map<ir::Node *, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>> &adj_list,
+    ir::Node *node, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> *visited,
+    std::vector<ir::Node *> *ret) {
+  visited->insert(node);
+
+  for (auto adj : adj_list.at(node)) {
+    if (visited->find(adj) == visited->end()) {
+      SortHelper(adj_list, adj, visited, ret);
+    }
+  }
+
+  VLOG(3) << "topology sort insert: " << node->Name()
+          << reinterpret_cast<void *>(node) << " input " << node->inputs.size();
+  ret->push_back(node);
+}
+
+bool HasCircleHelper(
+    ir::Node *node,
+    const std::map<ir::Node *, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>> &adj_list,
+    std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> *visited,
+    std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> *in_trace) {
+  if (visited->find(node) == visited->end()) {
+    visited->insert(node);
+    in_trace->insert(node);
+
+    for (ir::Node *in : adj_list.at(node)) {
+      if (visited->find(in) == visited->end() &&
+          HasCircleHelper(in, adj_list, visited, in_trace)) {
+        return true;
+      } else if (in_trace->find(in) != in_trace->end()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  in_trace->erase(node);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasCircleInternal(
+    const std::map<ir::Node *, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>> &adj_list) {
+  std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> visited;
+  std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> in_trace;
+  for (auto &adj : adj_list) {
+    if (HasCircleHelper(adj.first, adj_list, &visited, &in_trace)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+bool HasCircle(const Graph &graph) {
+  return HasCircleInternal(BuildOperationAdjList(graph));
+}
+
+std::vector<ir::Node *> TopologySortOperations(const Graph &graph) {
+  std::map<ir::Node *, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>> adj_list =
+      BuildOperationAdjList(graph);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(!HasCircleInternal(adj_list));
+  std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> visited;
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> ret;
+  for (auto adj : adj_list) {
+    if (visited.find(adj.first) == visited.end()) {
+      SortHelper(adj_list, adj.first, &visited, &ret);
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+std::map<ir::Node *, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>> BuildOperationAdjList(
+    const Graph &graph) {
+  std::map<ir::Node *, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>> adj_list;
+
+  for (auto &n : graph.Nodes()) {
+    if (n->NodeType() != ir::Node::Type::kOperation) continue;
+    if (adj_list.find(n) == adj_list.end()) {
+      adj_list[n] = std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>();
+    }
+    for (auto &var : n->inputs) {
+      for (auto &adj_n : var->inputs) {
+        PADDLE_ENFORCE(adj_n->NodeType() == ir::Node::Type::kOperation);
+        adj_list[n].insert(adj_n);
+        VLOG(3) << "adj " << adj_n->Name() << reinterpret_cast<void *>(adj_n)
+                << " -> " << n->Name() << reinterpret_cast<void *>(n)
+                << "  via " << var->Name() << reinterpret_cast<void *>(var);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return adj_list;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd6c53a07f8f56781989739d995226bd02b3d3d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace ir {
+// Test if the graph contains circle.
+bool HasCircle(const Graph &graph);
+
+// Topology Sort the operations in the graph from inputs to outputs.
+// `graph` cannot contain circle.
+std::vector<ir::Node *> TopologySortOperations(const Graph &graph);
+
+// Build an adjacency list of operations for the `graph`.
+std::map<ir::Node *, std::unordered_set<ir::Node *>> BuildOperationAdjList(
+    const Graph &graph);
+
+}  // namespace ir
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper_test.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b517442bb73f43bc1cb1d639b6c6cf004b28d4cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h"
+#include <string>
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/program_desc.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace ir {
+
+void BuildCircleGraph(Graph* g) {
+  ir::Node* o1 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op1", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* v1 = g->CreateEmptyNode("var1", Node::Type::kVariable);
+
+  o1->outputs.push_back(v1);
+  o1->inputs.push_back(v1);
+  v1->inputs.push_back(o1);
+  v1->outputs.push_back(o1);
+}
+
+void BuildCircleGraph2(Graph* g) {
+  ir::Node* o1 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op1", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* o2 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op2", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* v1 = g->CreateEmptyNode("var1", Node::Type::kVariable);
+  ir::Node* v2 = g->CreateEmptyNode("var2", Node::Type::kVariable);
+
+  o1->outputs.push_back(v1);
+  o2->inputs.push_back(v1);
+  v1->inputs.push_back(o1);
+  v1->outputs.push_back(o2);
+
+  o2->outputs.push_back(v2);
+  o1->inputs.push_back(v2);
+  v2->inputs.push_back(o2);
+  v2->outputs.push_back(o1);
+}
+
+void BuildNoCircleGraph(Graph* g) {
+  ir::Node* o1 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op1", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* o2 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op2", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* o3 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op3", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* o4 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op4", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* o5 = g->CreateEmptyNode("op5", Node::Type::kOperation);
+  ir::Node* v1 = g->CreateEmptyNode("var1", Node::Type::kVariable);
+  ir::Node* v2 = g->CreateEmptyNode("var2", Node::Type::kVariable);
+  ir::Node* v3 = g->CreateEmptyNode("var3", Node::Type::kVariable);
+  ir::Node* v4 = g->CreateEmptyNode("var4", Node::Type::kVariable);
+
+  // o1->v1->o2
+  o1->outputs.push_back(v1);
+  o2->inputs.push_back(v1);
+  v1->inputs.push_back(o1);
+  v1->outputs.push_back(o2);
+  // o2->v2->o3
+  // o2->v2->o4
+  o2->outputs.push_back(v2);
+  o3->inputs.push_back(v2);
+  o4->inputs.push_back(v2);
+  v2->inputs.push_back(o2);
+  v2->outputs.push_back(o3);
+  v2->outputs.push_back(o4);
+  // o2->v3->o5
+  o2->outputs.push_back(v3);
+  o5->inputs.push_back(v3);
+  v3->inputs.push_back(o2);
+  v3->outputs.push_back(o5);
+  // o3-v4->o5
+  o3->outputs.push_back(v4);
+  o5->inputs.push_back(v4);
+  v4->inputs.push_back(o3);
+  v4->outputs.push_back(o5);
+}
+
+TEST(GraphHelperTest, Basic) {
+  ProgramDesc prog;
+
+  Graph g(prog);
+  BuildCircleGraph(&g);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(HasCircle(g));
+
+  Graph g2(prog);
+  BuildCircleGraph2(&g2);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(HasCircle(g2));
+
+  auto adj_list = BuildOperationAdjList(g2);
+  for (auto& adj : adj_list) {
+    auto& adj_set = adj.second;
+    if (adj.first->Name() == "op1") {
+      ASSERT_EQ((*adj_set.begin())->Name(), "op2");
+    } else if (adj.first->Name() == "op2") {
+      ASSERT_EQ((*adj_set.begin())->Name(), "op1");
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  Graph g3(prog);
+  BuildNoCircleGraph(&g3);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(HasCircle(g3));
+  auto sorted = TopologySortOperations(g3);
+  std::map<std::string, size_t> node_map;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sorted.size(); ++i) {
+    node_map[sorted[i]->Name()] = i;
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(node_map.at("op1"), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(node_map.at("op2"), 1);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(node_map.at("op3") < node_map.at("op5"));
+}
+}  // namespace ir
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_test.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_test.cc
index 4e23bf124f8822e25be0f6b1c7c8c5de4e4f600a..73ef55756c330bdbc3be89c436967b2a88625a43 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_test.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_test.cc
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ TEST(GraphTest, Basic) {
   op->SetType("sum");
   op->SetInput("X", {"test_a", "test_b", "test_c"});
   op->SetOutput("Out", {"test_out"});
+  op->SetAttr("op_role", 1);
 
   prog.MutableBlock(0)->Var("test_a")->SetType(proto::VarType::SELECTED_ROWS);
   prog.MutableBlock(0)->Var("test_b")->SetType(proto::VarType::SELECTED_ROWS);
@@ -92,21 +93,22 @@ TEST(GraphTest, Basic) {
   ASSERT_EQ(proto::VarType::LOD_TENSOR,
             prog.MutableBlock(0)->Var("test_out")->GetType());
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Graph> g(new Graph(prog));
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[0]->Name(), "sum");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[0]->inputs[0]->Name(), "test_a");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[0]->inputs[1]->Name(), "test_b");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[0]->inputs[2]->Name(), "test_c");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[0]->outputs[0]->Name(), "test_out");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[1]->Name(), "test_a");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[1]->outputs[0]->Name(), "sum");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[2]->Name(), "test_b");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[2]->outputs[0]->Name(), "sum");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[3]->Name(), "test_c");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[3]->outputs[0]->Name(), "sum");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[4]->Name(), "test_out");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes[4]->inputs[0]->Name(), "sum");
-  ASSERT_EQ(g->nodes.size(), 5);
+  std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> g(new ir::Graph(prog));
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> nodes(g->Nodes().begin(), g->Nodes().end());
+  for (ir::Node *n : nodes) {
+    if (n->Name() == "sum") {
+      ASSERT_EQ(n->inputs.size(), 3);
+      ASSERT_EQ(n->outputs.size(), 1);
+    } else if (n->Name() == "test_a" || n->Name() == "test_b" ||
+               n->Name() == "test_c") {
+      ASSERT_EQ(n->inputs.size(), 0);
+      ASSERT_EQ(n->outputs.size(), 1);
+    } else if (n->Name() == "test_out") {
+      ASSERT_EQ(n->inputs.size(), 1);
+      ASSERT_EQ(n->outputs.size(), 0);
+    }
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(nodes.size(), 5);
 }
 }  // namespace framework
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.cc
index 86376e7e8bc8bee2ddbc18f7f24bcdd849a06cbf..aca77da8d674f29b89c023717cdcd061232d023a 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.cc
@@ -15,5 +15,9 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
-namespace framework {}  // namespace framework
+namespace framework {
+namespace ir {
+const char Node::kControlDepVarName[] = "__control_var";
+}  // namespace ir
+}  // namespace framework
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h
index b98c29b81ddc2f57553b8fe76fcfeb0936ddd837..b3138fccee86fb274abe72007961fc1c982b1e96 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ namespace ir {
 class Node {
  public:
   enum class Type { kOperation, kVariable };
+  static const char kControlDepVarName[];
+
   explicit Node(const std::string& name, Type type)
       : name_(name), var_desc_(nullptr), op_desc_(nullptr), type_(type) {}
 
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ class Node {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(type_ == Type::kVariable);
     return var_desc_;
   }
+
   OpDesc* Op() {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(type_ == Type::kOperation);
     return op_desc_;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector.h b/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector.h
index 71bebeea637a7eb6e3bfddc0b2b641477b06bcdf..7836ecb1272a07a79a70c9cb040335f9a42e5684 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <initializer_list>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/tensor.h"
@@ -386,13 +387,14 @@ template <typename T>
 class CPUVector : public std::vector<T, std::allocator<T>> {
  public:
   CPUVector() : std::vector<T>() {}
-  CPUVector(size_t count, const T &value = T())
+  CPUVector(size_t count, const T &value = T())  // NOLINT
       : std::vector<T>(count, value) {}
   CPUVector(std::initializer_list<T> init) : std::vector<T>(init) {}
-  CPUVector(const std::vector<T> &other) : std::vector<T>(other) {}
-  explicit CPUVector(const CPUVector<T> &other) : std::vector<T>(other) {}
+  CPUVector(const std::vector<T> &other) : std::vector<T>(other) {}  // NOLINT
+  CPUVector(const CPUVector<T> &other) : std::vector<T>(other) {}
   CPUVector(CPUVector<T> &&other) : std::vector<T>(std::move(other)) {}
-  CPUVector(std::vector<T> &&other) : std::vector<T>(std::move(other)) {}
+  CPUVector(std::vector<T> &&other)  // NOLINT
+      : std::vector<T>(std::move(other)) {}
   CPUVector &operator=(const CPUVector &other) {
     this->assign(other.begin(), other.end());
     return *this;
@@ -410,8 +412,6 @@ class CPUVector : public std::vector<T, std::allocator<T>> {
     return os;
   }
 
-  void resize(size_t size) { this->resize(size); }
-
   T &operator[](size_t id) { return this->at(id); }
 
   const T &operator[](size_t id) const { return this->at(id); }
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector_test.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0599c8d384641606b0a5ebb5ba1781b56f539e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "glog/logging.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector.h"
+
+template <typename T>
+using vec = paddle::framework::Vector<T>;
+
+TEST(mixed_vector, CPU_VECTOR) {
+  vec<int> tmp;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    tmp.push_back(i);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(tmp.size(), 10UL);
+  vec<int> tmp2;
+  tmp2 = tmp;
+  ASSERT_EQ(tmp2.size(), 10UL);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(tmp2[i], i);
+    ASSERT_EQ(tmp2[i], tmp[i]);
+  }
+  int cnt = 0;
+  for (auto& t : tmp2) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(t, cnt);
+    ++cnt;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(mixed_vector, InitWithCount) {
+  paddle::framework::Vector<int> vec(10, 10);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(vec[i], 10);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(mixed_vector, ForEach) {
+  vec<int> tmp;
+  for (auto& v : tmp) {
+    VLOG(3) << v;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(mixed_vector, Reserve) {
+  paddle::framework::Vector<int> vec;
+  vec.reserve(1);
+  vec.push_back(0);
+  vec.push_back(0);
+  vec.push_back(0);
+}
+
+TEST(mixed_vector, Resize) {
+  paddle::framework::Vector<int> vec;
+  vec.resize(1);
+  vec.push_back(0);
+  vec.push_back(0);
+  vec.push_back(0);
+}
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector_test.cu b/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector_test.cu
index d57f82510833d6a0cea7009cf1f0b49543812f8d..4b0caa8d350dde0462e5fdcca743df919358a364 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector_test.cu
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/mixed_vector_test.cu
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License. */
+
 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include "glog/logging.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
@@ -21,26 +23,6 @@
 template <typename T>
 using vec = paddle::framework::Vector<T>;
 
-TEST(mixed_vector, CPU_VECTOR) {
-  vec<int> tmp;
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
-    tmp.push_back(i);
-  }
-  ASSERT_EQ(tmp.size(), 10UL);
-  vec<int> tmp2;
-  tmp2 = tmp;
-  ASSERT_EQ(tmp2.size(), 10UL);
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(tmp2[i], i);
-    ASSERT_EQ(tmp2[i], tmp[i]);
-  }
-  int cnt = 0;
-  for (auto& t : tmp2) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(t, cnt);
-    ++cnt;
-  }
-}
-
 static __global__ void multiply_10(int* ptr) {
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
     ptr[i] *= 10;
@@ -91,24 +73,3 @@ TEST(mixed_vector, MultiGPU) {
     ASSERT_EQ(tmp[i], i * 100);
   }
 }
-
-TEST(mixed_vector, InitWithCount) {
-  paddle::framework::Vector<int> vec(10, 10);
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(vec[i], 10);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(mixed_vector, ForEach) {
-  vec<int> tmp;
-  for (auto& v : tmp) {
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(mixed_vector, Reserve) {
-  paddle::framework::Vector<int> vec;
-  vec.reserve(1);
-  vec.push_back(0);
-  vec.push_back(0);
-  vec.push_back(0);
-}
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.cc b/paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.cc
index 1e5bba62b53025dacdbf2d74b35f266cf4e422c2..02c836bea194553bb9c4bc5677cc408dd302e9ce 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.cc
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ ParallelExecutor::ParallelExecutor(
 #endif
   }
   builder_ = builder_factory.Create();
-  std::unique_ptr<Graph> graph(new Graph(main_program));
+  std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> graph(new ir::Graph(main_program));
   graph = builder_->Apply(std::move(graph));
   member_->executor_.reset(new details::ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor(
       exec_strategy, member_->local_scopes_, places, std::move(graph)));
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/api/api_impl.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/api/api_impl.cc
index 3ae255e13fc4f3ca28a6af62a5d5944d84303fc7..58fd7c6f8b05a846bd4a82068f09f5d9ef5a6516 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/api/api_impl.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/api/api_impl.cc
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ bool NativePaddlePredictor::Run(const std::vector<PaddleTensor> &inputs,
   executor_->RunPreparedContext(
       ctx_.get(), sub_scope_ != nullptr ? sub_scope_ : scope_.get(),
       &feed_targets, &fetch_targets,
+      false, /* don't create local scope each time*/
       false /* don't create variable eatch time */);
   VLOG(4) << "Finish prepared context";
   if (!GetFetch(fetchs, output_data)) {
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/tests/test_helper.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/tests/test_helper.h
index 44c36b1683b037832a218df02184e7cd2ba143e9..695790a37dce889e838462b401ca4e89f09271d5 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/tests/test_helper.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/tests/test_helper.h
@@ -210,13 +210,14 @@ void TestInference(const std::string& dirname,
 
     // Ignore the profiling results of the first run
     std::unique_ptr<paddle::framework::ExecutorPrepareContext> ctx;
+    bool CreateLocalScope = CreateVars;
     if (PrepareContext) {
       ctx = executor.Prepare(*inference_program, 0);
       executor.RunPreparedContext(ctx.get(), scope, &feed_targets,
-                                  &fetch_targets, true, CreateVars);
+                                  &fetch_targets, CreateLocalScope, CreateVars);
     } else {
       executor.Run(*inference_program, scope, &feed_targets, &fetch_targets,
-                   true, CreateVars);
+                   CreateLocalScope, CreateVars);
     }
 
     // Enable the profiler
@@ -232,10 +233,11 @@ void TestInference(const std::string& dirname,
         // Note: if you change the inference_program, you need to call
         // executor.Prepare() again to get a new ExecutorPrepareContext.
         executor.RunPreparedContext(ctx.get(), scope, &feed_targets,
-                                    &fetch_targets, CreateVars);
+                                    &fetch_targets, CreateLocalScope,
+                                    CreateVars);
       } else {
         executor.Run(*inference_program, scope, &feed_targets, &fetch_targets,
-                     CreateVars);
+                     CreateLocalScope, CreateVars);
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/CMakeLists.txt b/paddle/fluid/operators/CMakeLists.txt
index 4e2002ad24415437ae4f85eba0e90a6c689e2996..9b56ad4c55e35d497aa7abe4e1da3867a2084b88 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -192,9 +192,9 @@ if(WITH_DISTRIBUTE)
     
     set(DISTRIBUTE_DEPS "")
     if(WITH_GRPC)
-        set(DISTRIBUTE_DEPS sendrecvop_grpc grpc++_unsecure grpc_unsecure gpr cares zlib protobuf)
+        set(DISTRIBUTE_DEPS sendrecvop_grpc grpc++_unsecure grpc_unsecure gpr cares zlib protobuf node)
     else()
-        set(DISTRIBUTE_DEPS sendrecvop_brpc brpc leveldb snappystream snappy protobuf ssl crypto zlib)
+        set(DISTRIBUTE_DEPS sendrecvop_brpc brpc leveldb snappystream snappy protobuf ssl crypto zlib node)
         if(WITH_BRPC_RDMA)
             find_library(IBVERBS_LIBRARY NAMES ibverbs)
             ADD_LIBRARY(ibverbs SHARED IMPORTED GLOBAL)
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/CMakeLists.txt b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/CMakeLists.txt
index 6555b8101a90bba8351d2c82313ab12e572a01ee..1612927055dd4ec5ee2220bc2b285e8d9b640ea8 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ if(WITH_GRPC)
   set_source_files_properties(grpc_serde_test.cc rpc_server_test.cc PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS ${DISTRIBUTE_COMPILE_FLAGS})
   cc_test(grpc_serde_test SRCS grpc_serde_test.cc 
      DEPS grpc++_unsecure grpc_unsecure gpr cares zlib protobuf sendrecvop_grpc scope profiler math_function SERIAL)
-  cc_test(grpc_server_test SRCS rpc_server_test.cc 
+  cc_test(rpc_server_test SRCS rpc_server_test.cc 
     DEPS sendrecvop_grpc grpc++_unsecure grpc_unsecure gpr cares zlib protobuf executor  proto_desc lookup_table_op SERIAL)
   return()
 endif()
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.cc b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.cc
index 52c4bc1e7965323438de959d5eb1f3b4ef4f4cfe..265f964ddc682868c64669744b130aebbbf86692 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.cc
@@ -36,20 +36,16 @@ void GRPCClient::InitEventLoop() {
   client_thread_.reset(new std::thread(std::bind(&GRPCClient::Proceed, this)));
 }
 
-void GRPCClient::SendBeginPass() {
-  for (auto& it : channels_) {
-    VLOG(3) << "send begin pass to: " << it.first;
-    this->AsyncSendBeginPass(it.first);
-  }
-  this->Wait();
-}
-
-void GRPCClient::SendEndPass() {
-  for (auto& it : channels_) {
-    VLOG(3) << "send end pass to " << it.first;
-    this->AsyncSendEndPass(it.first);
+void GRPCClient::SendComplete() {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(completed_mutex_);
+  if (!completed_) {
+    for (auto& it : channels_) {
+      VLOG(3) << "send complete message to " << it.first;
+      this->AsyncSendComplete(it.first);
+    }
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(this->Wait(), "internal grpc error");
+    completed_ = true;
   }
-  this->Wait();
 }
 
 GRPCClient::~GRPCClient() {
@@ -239,32 +235,19 @@ void GRPCClient::AsyncSendFetchBarrier(const std::string& ep,
   req_count_++;
 }
 
-void GRPCClient::AsyncSendBeginPass(const std::string& ep, int64_t time_out) {
+void GRPCClient::AsyncSendComplete(const std::string& ep, int64_t time_out) {
   const auto ch = GetChannel(ep);
 
   BatchBarrierProcessor* s = new BatchBarrierProcessor(ch);
   s->Prepare(time_out);
 
   sendrecv::VariableMessage req;
-  req.set_varname(BEGIN_PASS_MESSAGE);
+  req.set_varname(COMPLETE_MESSAGE);
   auto rpc = s->stub_->AsyncSendVariable(s->context_.get(), req, &cq_);
   rpc->Finish(&s->reply_, &s->status_, reinterpret_cast<void*>(s));
   req_count_++;
 }
 
-void GRPCClient::AsyncSendEndPass(const std::string& ep, int64_t time_out) {
-  const auto ch = GetChannel(ep);
-
-  FetchBarrierProcessor* s = new FetchBarrierProcessor(ch);
-  s->Prepare(time_out);
-
-  sendrecv::VariableMessage req;
-  req.set_varname(END_PASS_MESSAGE);
-  auto rpc = s->stub_->AsyncGetVariable(s->context_.get(), req, &cq_);
-  rpc->Finish(&s->reply_, &s->status_, reinterpret_cast<void*>(s));
-  req_count_++;
-}
-
 void GRPCClient::AsyncCheckpointNotify(const std::string& ep,
                                        const std::string& dir,
                                        int64_t time_out) {
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.h b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.h
index 11de84d9e265b2ca75d6d72a1d1e8797763f96a5..8351d825f817437e1b3691e916952dd9a86af491 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/grpc_client.h
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class CheckpointNotifyProcessor : public BaseProcessor {
 
 class GRPCClient : public RPCClient {
  public:
-  GRPCClient() : ok_(true) {}
+  GRPCClient() : ok_(true), completed_(false) {}
   virtual ~GRPCClient();
 
   bool AsyncSendVar(const std::string& ep, const platform::DeviceContext& ctx,
@@ -201,17 +201,12 @@ class GRPCClient : public RPCClient {
   void AsyncCheckpointNotify(const std::string& ep, const std::string& dir,
                              int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) override;
 
-  void AsyncSendBeginPass(const std::string& ep,
-                          int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) override;
-
-  void AsyncSendEndPass(const std::string& ep,
-                        int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) override;
+  void AsyncSendComplete(const std::string& ep,
+                         int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) override;
 
   bool Wait() override;
 
-  void SendBeginPass() override;
-
-  void SendEndPass() override;
+  void SendComplete() override;
 
  protected:
   void InitImpl() override;
@@ -238,6 +233,10 @@ class GRPCClient : public RPCClient {
   // mutex for GetChannel thread safety
   std::mutex chan_mutex_;
   DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(GRPCClient);
+
+  // mutex for sending complete message only once
+  std::mutex completed_mutex_;
+  bool completed_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace distributed
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler.h b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler.h
index 3d61171dff98d6752be98b4b90577bfd059525ab..64ac7281848f91302bc0aa3cb81dd198e56fb653 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler.h
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ constexpr char kRequestPassBarrier[] = "RequestPassBarrier";
 #define BATCH_BARRIER_MESSAGE "BATCH_BARRIER@RECV"
 #define FETCH_BARRIER_MESSAGE "FETCH_BARRIER@RECV"
 #define COMPLETE_MESSAGE "COMPLETE@RECV"
-#define BEGIN_PASS_MESSAGE "BEGIN_PASS@RECV"
-#define END_PASS_MESSAGE "END_PASS@RECV"
 
 #define CHECKPOINT_SAVE_MESSAGE "SAVE@CHECKPOINTNOTIFY"
 #define CHECKPOINT_LOAD_MESSAGE "LOAD@CHECKPOINTNOTIFY"
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler_impl.cc b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler_impl.cc
index f1f84072d47e58eaa81dd66dc018e17b182bb57b..55995783c6eab10632ab2a5bca64ca856f000df1 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler_impl.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/request_handler_impl.cc
@@ -55,10 +55,9 @@ bool RequestSendHandler::Handle(const std::string& varname,
   if (varname == BATCH_BARRIER_MESSAGE) {
     VLOG(3) << "sync: recv BATCH_BARRIER_MESSAGE";
     rpc_server_->IncreaseBatchBarrier(kRequestSend);
-  } else if (varname == BEGIN_PASS_MESSAGE) {
-    VLOG(3) << "sync: recv begin pass message";
-    rpc_server_->WaitCond(kRequestSend);
-    rpc_server_->BeginPass();
+  } else if (varname == COMPLETE_MESSAGE) {
+    VLOG(3) << "sync: recv complete message";
+    rpc_server_->Complete();
   } else {
     VLOG(3) << "sync: received var_name: " << varname;
     rpc_server_->WaitCond(kRequestSend);
@@ -94,14 +93,12 @@ bool RequestGetHandler::Handle(const std::string& varname,
     if (varname == FETCH_BARRIER_MESSAGE) {
       VLOG(3) << "sync: recv fetch barrier message";
       rpc_server_->IncreaseBatchBarrier(kRequestGet);
-    } else if (varname == END_PASS_MESSAGE) {
-      rpc_server_->EndPass();
     } else {
       rpc_server_->WaitCond(kRequestGet);
       *outvar = scope_->FindVar(varname);
     }
   } else {
-    if (varname != FETCH_BARRIER_MESSAGE && varname != END_PASS_MESSAGE) {
+    if (varname != FETCH_BARRIER_MESSAGE && varname != COMPLETE_MESSAGE) {
       *outvar = scope_->FindVar(varname);
     }
   }
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_client.h b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_client.h
index 4d87376fbf776e29156b78d826f5012bc53460df..22a022a5d25e5c6628b80294494b87ca105a04c7 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_client.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_client.h
@@ -60,17 +60,13 @@ class RPCClient {
                                      const std::string& dir,
                                      int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) = 0;
 
-  virtual void AsyncSendBeginPass(const std::string& ep,
-                                  int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) = 0;
+  virtual void AsyncSendComplete(const std::string& ep,
+                                 int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) = 0;
 
-  virtual void AsyncSendEndPass(const std::string& ep,
-                                int64_t time_out = FLAGS_rpc_deadline) = 0;
-
-  // BeginePass/EndPass tells all the pserver that start/end a pass, so that
-  // the pserver can increase/reduce it's barrier count, and continue to train
+  // Complete tells all the pserver instances that finishe the training,
+  // the pserver can reduce it's barrier count, and continue to train
   // with other trainers.
-  virtual void SendBeginPass() = 0;
-  virtual void SendEndPass() = 0;
+  virtual void SendComplete() = 0;
 
   virtual bool Wait() = 0;
 
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.cc b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.cc
index d49ee34eeaf4e80f6fd4f8cdc548cc2b938d0f2a..83b14fa64d735d80f43bf55c798cddb2f3ea7032 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.cc
@@ -64,18 +64,7 @@ void RPCServer::IncreaseBatchBarrier(const std::string rpc_name) {
   }
 }
 
-void RPCServer::BeginPass() {
-  VLOG(4) << "RPCServer begin increase pass barrier";
-  {
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-    client_num_++;
-    VLOG(4) << "increase client_num to: " << client_num_;
-  }
-  barrier_cond_.notify_all();
-}
-
-void RPCServer::EndPass() {
-  VLOG(4) << "RPCServer begin increase pass barrier";
+void RPCServer::Complete() {
   {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
     client_num_--;
@@ -87,6 +76,11 @@ void RPCServer::EndPass() {
   barrier_cond_.notify_all();
 }
 
+int RPCServer::GetClientNum() {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  return client_num_;
+}
+
 void RPCServer::ResetBarrierCounter() {
   VLOG(3) << "RPCServer ResetBarrierCounter ";
   std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.h b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.h
index 833991c8aa6e7cfd10f2aa52f9218be7ff8ccebf..fd914d7a72e61bc9472876c433b65598ef5b1980 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class RPCServer {
 
   int GetSelectedPort() const { return selected_port_; }
 
-  int GetClientNum() const;
+  int GetClientNum();
 
   void SavePort() const;
 
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ class RPCServer {
   void WaitCond(const std::string& rpc_name);
   void IncreaseBatchBarrier(const std::string rpc_name);
 
-  void BeginPass();
-  void EndPass();
+  void Complete();
 
   void ResetBarrierCounter();
 
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server_test.cc b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server_test.cc
index a0693cffabcc561b0adfafc2c49027a890dd5efc..9f2360ec70d2ce5d4e16435595e109c1bf04fd13 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server_test.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/distributed/rpc_server_test.cc
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void InitTensorsOnServer(framework::Scope* scope, platform::CPUPlace* place,
   }
 }
 
-void StartServer() {
+void StartServer(const std::string& rpc_name) {
   framework::ProgramDesc program;
   framework::Scope scope;
   platform::CPUPlace place;
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ void StartServer() {
                      std::shared_ptr<framework::ExecutorPrepareContext>>
       prefetch_var_name_to_prepared;
   prefetch_var_name_to_prepared[in_var_name] = prepared[0];
+
   g_req_handler->SetProgram(&program);
   g_req_handler->SetPrefetchPreparedCtx(&prefetch_var_name_to_prepared);
   g_req_handler->SetDevCtx(&ctx);
   g_req_handler->SetScope(&scope);
   g_req_handler->SetExecutor(&exe);
 
-  g_rpc_service->RegisterRPC(distributed::kRequestPrefetch,
-                             g_req_handler.get());
+  g_rpc_service->RegisterRPC(rpc_name, g_req_handler.get());
   g_req_handler->SetRPCServer(g_rpc_service.get());
 
   std::thread server_thread(
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ TEST(PREFETCH, CPU) {
   distributed::RPCClient* client =
       distributed::RPCClient::GetInstance<RPCCLIENT_T>();
 
-  std::thread server_thread(StartServer);
+  std::thread server_thread(StartServer, distributed::kRequestPrefetch);
   g_rpc_service->WaitServerReady();
 
   int port = g_rpc_service->GetSelectedPort();
@@ -162,3 +162,24 @@ TEST(PREFETCH, CPU) {
   g_rpc_service.reset(nullptr);
   g_req_handler.reset(nullptr);
 }
+
+TEST(COMPLETE, CPU) {
+  g_req_handler.reset(new distributed::RequestSendHandler(true));
+  g_rpc_service.reset(new RPCSERVER_T("127.0.0.1:0", 2));
+  distributed::RPCClient* client =
+      distributed::RPCClient::GetInstance<RPCCLIENT_T>();
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(client != nullptr);
+  std::thread server_thread(StartServer, distributed::kRequestSend);
+  g_rpc_service->WaitServerReady();
+  int port = g_rpc_service->GetSelectedPort();
+  std::string ep = paddle::string::Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", port);
+  client->AsyncSendComplete(ep);
+  client->Wait();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(g_rpc_service->GetClientNum(), 1);
+
+  g_rpc_service->ShutDown();
+  server_thread.join();
+  g_rpc_service.reset(nullptr);
+  g_req_handler.reset(nullptr);
+}
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col.cc b/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col.cc
index a50b9ace39249f4f899a46e171bbdced033b46bc..bb55ce21b0599bcff4db138a46c9c700f6e52422 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col.cc
@@ -40,22 +40,47 @@ class Im2ColFunctor<paddle::operators::math::ColFormat::kCFO,
     int im_width = im.dims()[2];
     int filter_height = col->dims()[1];
     int filter_width = col->dims()[2];
-    int col_height = col->dims()[3];
-    int col_width = col->dims()[4];
+    int output_height = col->dims()[3];
+    int output_width = col->dims()[4];
 
     int channels_col = im_channels * filter_height * filter_width;
 
     const T* im_data = im.data<T>();
     T* col_data = col->data<T>();
+    // TODO(TJ): change me to template
+    // further optimaze:
+    // 1. padding != 1
+    // 2. could also support stride_h != 1
+    if (stride[0] == 1 && stride[1] == 1 && dilation[0] == 1 &&
+        dilation[1] == 1 && padding[0] == 0 && padding[1] == 0) {
+      int col_matrix_width = output_width * output_height;
+      size_t copy_size = sizeof(T) * output_width;
+      for (int oh = 0; oh < output_height; ++oh) {
+        const T* im_data_start = im_data + oh * im_width;
+        T* dst_data = col_data + oh * output_width;
+        for (int ic = 0; ic < im_channels; ++ic) {
+          const T* src_data = im_data_start + ic * im_height * im_width;
+          for (int kh = 0; kh < filter_height; ++kh) {
+            for (int kw = 0; kw < filter_width; ++kw) {
+              std::memcpy(dst_data, src_data + kw, copy_size);
+              dst_data = dst_data + col_matrix_width;
+            }
+            src_data = src_data + im_width;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
     for (int c = 0; c < channels_col; ++c) {
       int w_offset = c % filter_width;
       int h_offset = (c / filter_width) % filter_height;
       int c_im = c / (filter_width * filter_height);
-      for (int h = 0; h < col_height; ++h) {
+      for (int h = 0; h < output_height; ++h) {
         int im_row_idx = h * stride[0] - padding[0] + h_offset * dilation[0];
-        for (int w = 0; w < col_width; ++w) {
+        for (int w = 0; w < output_width; ++w) {
           int im_col_idx = w * stride[1] - padding[1] + w_offset * dilation[1];
-          int col_idx = (c * col_height + h) * col_width + w;
+          int col_idx = (c * output_height + h) * output_width + w;
           int im_idx = (im_row_idx + c_im * im_height) * im_width + im_col_idx;
 
           col_data[col_idx] = (im_row_idx < 0 || im_row_idx >= im_height ||
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col_test.cc b/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col_test.cc
index 8e3f0f286823c383bb0c44d0e7887040ec9b20a0..db61f68db3e492d98cfa43576fa1900bffc8674d 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col_test.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/math/im2col_test.cc
@@ -160,8 +160,80 @@ void testIm2col() {
   delete context;
 }
 
+void testIm2colCPU(int ic, int ih, int iw, int fh, int fw, int ph, int pw) {
+  paddle::framework::Tensor input;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor output;
+  paddle::framework::Tensor ref_output;
+  std::vector<int> padding({ph, pw});
+  std::vector<int> stride({1, 1});    // stride_y, stride_x
+  std::vector<int> dilation({1, 1});  // dilation_y, dilation_x
+  int output_height = (ih - fh + padding[0] * 2) / stride[0] + 1;
+  int output_width = (iw - fw + padding[1] * 2) / stride[1] + 1;
+  float* input_ptr =
+      input.mutable_data<float>({ic, ih, iw}, paddle::platform::CPUPlace());
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.numel(); ++i) {
+    input_ptr[i] = static_cast<float>(i + 1);
+  }
+
+  paddle::platform::CPUPlace place;
+  paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext context(place);
+  output.mutable_data<float>({ic, fh, fw, output_height, output_width}, place);
+  ref_output.mutable_data<float>({ic, fh, fw, output_height, output_width},
+                                 place);
+  paddle::operators::math::Im2ColFunctor<
+      paddle::operators::math::ColFormat::kCFO,
+      paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>
+      im2col;
+  im2col(context, input, dilation, stride, padding, &output);
+  auto ref_im2col = [&](
+      const paddle::framework::Tensor& im, const std::vector<int>& dilation,
+      const std::vector<int>& stride, const std::vector<int>& padding,
+      paddle::framework::Tensor* col) {
+    int im_channels = im.dims()[0];
+    int im_height = im.dims()[1];
+    int im_width = im.dims()[2];
+    int filter_height = col->dims()[1];
+    int filter_width = col->dims()[2];
+    int output_height = col->dims()[3];
+    int output_width = col->dims()[4];
+    int channels_col = im_channels * filter_height * filter_width;
+
+    const float* im_data = im.data<float>();
+    float* col_data = col->data<float>();
+    for (int c = 0; c < channels_col; ++c) {
+      int w_offset = c % filter_width;
+      int h_offset = (c / filter_width) % filter_height;
+      int c_im = c / (filter_width * filter_height);
+      for (int h = 0; h < output_height; ++h) {
+        int im_row_idx = h * stride[0] - padding[0] + h_offset * dilation[0];
+        for (int w = 0; w < output_width; ++w) {
+          int im_col_idx = w * stride[1] - padding[1] + w_offset * dilation[1];
+          int col_idx = (c * output_height + h) * output_width + w;
+          int im_idx = (im_row_idx + c_im * im_height) * im_width + im_col_idx;
+          col_data[col_idx] = (im_row_idx < 0 || im_row_idx >= im_height ||
+                               im_col_idx < 0 || im_col_idx >= im_width)
+                                  ? 0.f
+                                  : im_data[im_idx];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  ref_im2col(input, dilation, stride, padding, &ref_output);
+
+  float* out_cfo_ptr = output.data<float>();
+  float* out_ref_ptr = ref_output.data<float>();
+  for (int i = 0; i < output.numel(); ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(out_cfo_ptr[i], out_ref_ptr[i]);
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(math, im2col) {
   testIm2col<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, paddle::platform::CPUPlace>();
+  testIm2colCPU(/*ic*/ 3, /*ih*/ 5, /*iw*/ 5, /*fh*/ 3, /*fw*/ 2, /*ph*/ 0,
+                /*pw*/ 0);
+  testIm2colCPU(/*ic*/ 2, /*ih*/ 5, /*iw*/ 4, /*fh*/ 3, /*fw*/ 3, /*ph*/ 1,
+                /*pw*/ 1);
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
   testIm2col<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext,
              paddle::platform::CUDAPlace>();
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h b/paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h
index deab005149027caffa962783df944fad7110382f..dc26c53c64f06ce21856fb5af8f2a5eb3fc75bb7 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 #pragma once
 #include <string>
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
@@ -22,7 +23,10 @@ inline bool NeedSend(const framework::Scope& scope,
                      const std::string& varname) {
   // dummy variable is only used in parallel executor to represent
   // some dependency relationship, we don't need to send/recv it.
-  if (varname == "dummy") return false;
+  // TODO(paddle-dev): Why would parallel executor logic leaked into here?
+  if (varname.find(framework::ir::Node::kControlDepVarName) !=
+      std::string::npos)
+    return false;
   auto* var = scope.FindVar(varname);
   PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var, "Can not find variable '%s' in the send side.",
                           varname);
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc b/paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc
index 3e13e7b1ffebf92301df69084b058ca55783e578..ee1c8d46ddfb4f0c09591bb78dc720555dc735b4 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc
@@ -498,10 +498,7 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
 
   py::class_<framework::Executor>(m, "Executor")
       .def(py::init<const platform::Place &>())
-#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
-      .def("begin_pass", &Executor::BeginPass)
-      .def("end_pass", &Executor::EndPass)
-#endif
+      .def("close", &Executor::Close)
       .def("run", [](Executor &self, const ProgramDesc &prog, Scope *scope,
                      int block_id, bool create_local_scope, bool create_vars) {
         pybind11::gil_scoped_release release;
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/executor.py b/python/paddle/fluid/executor.py
index f9e600cb4cb252baead87025db0e0db71e8169d2..4178971398c953236bf8de4d5cb6e93d0e33380c 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/executor.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/executor.py
@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@ class Executor(object):
         p.set_place(place)
         self.executor = core.Executor(p)
         self.program_caches = dict()
+        self._closed = False
 
     def as_lodtensor(self, data):
         """
@@ -348,11 +349,23 @@ class Executor(object):
         ]
         return outs
 
-    def begin_pass(self):
-        self.executor.begin_pass()
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close this executor.
 
-    def end_pass(self):
-        self.executor.end_pass()
+        You can no long use this executor after calling this method.
+        For the distributed training, this method would free the resource on PServers related to
+        the current Trainer.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> cpu = core.CPUPlace()
+            >>> exe = Executor(cpu)
+            >>> ...
+            >>> exe.close()
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self.executor.close()
+            self._closed = True
 
     def run(self,
             program=None,
@@ -405,6 +418,10 @@ class Executor(object):
             >>>     feed={'X': x},
             >>>     fetch_list=[loss.name])
         """
+
+        if self._closed:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to use a closed Executor")
+
         if feed is None:
             feed = {}
         if not isinstance(feed, dict):
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/io.py b/python/paddle/fluid/io.py
index e1d26474e63c8da174bebe3b639f356c2ef655b4..1ec670de07062057ba09e15ac1e4da026d035a53 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/io.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/io.py
@@ -790,101 +790,3 @@ def get_parameter_value_by_name(name, executor, program=None):
         program = default_main_program()
     var = program.global_block().var(name)
     return get_parameter_value(var, executor)
-
-
-def get_test_program(filelist, program=None, startup_program=None):
-    """
-    Transpile current train program to a program to read test dataset
-    if the program is using reader ops like "open_files_op".
-    """
-
-    def _copy_reader_var_(block, var, new_name=None):
-        if new_name == None:
-            new_name = var.name
-        new_var = block.create_var(
-            name=str(new_name), type=core.VarDesc.VarType.READER)
-        new_var.desc.set_shapes(var.desc.shapes())
-        new_var.desc.set_dtypes(var.desc.dtypes())
-        new_var.persistable = True
-        return new_var
-
-    def _get_test_reader_name(train_reader_name):
-        return train_reader_name + "_test"
-
-    def _is_reader_op(op):
-        block = op.block
-        if "Out" in op.output_names:
-            reader_out = block.vars[op.output("Out")[0]]
-            if reader_out.type == core.VarDesc.VarType.READER:
-                return True
-        return False
-
-    if program == None:
-        program = default_main_program()
-    if startup_program == None:
-        startup_program = default_startup_program()
-    startup_block = startup_program.global_block()
-
-    # 1. find out the orignal reader var name
-    startup_reader_op_list = []
-
-    for op in startup_block.ops:
-        if _is_reader_op(op):
-            startup_reader_op_list.append(op)
-
-    if len(startup_reader_op_list) == 0:
-        return program
-
-    root_reader_op = startup_reader_op_list[0]
-    train_test_reader_map = {}
-    # 2. add operators to startup to read open and read test data files
-    for op in startup_reader_op_list:
-        assert (len(op.output("Out")) == 1)
-        train_reader_name = op.output("Out")[0]
-        train_reader = startup_block.vars[train_reader_name]
-        test_reader = _copy_reader_var_(
-            startup_block,
-            train_reader,
-            new_name=_get_test_reader_name(train_reader_name))
-        train_test_reader_map[train_reader.name] = test_reader
-
-        test_op_inputs = {}
-        for name in op.input_names:
-            train_arg_names = op.input(name)
-            test_arg_vars = []
-            for arg_name in train_arg_names:
-                arg_var = train_test_reader_map[
-                    arg_name] if name == "UnderlyingReader" else startup_block.vars[
-                        arg_name]
-                test_arg_vars.append(arg_var)
-            test_op_inputs[name] = test_arg_vars
-
-        test_op = startup_block.append_op(
-            type=op.type,
-            inputs=test_op_inputs,
-            outputs={'Out': [test_reader]},
-            attrs=op.attrs)
-        # root reader op's filelist attr for read test files
-        if op.type == root_reader_op.type:
-            test_op.set_attr("file_names", filelist)
-        if op.type == "create_multi_pass_reader":
-            test_op.set_attr("pass_num", 1)
-
-    # 3. rename reader vars in inference program to different name
-    #    to avoid read from train data.
-    main_block = program.global_block()
-    for var in main_block.vars.values():
-        if var.type == core.VarDesc.VarType.READER:
-            main_block._rename_var(
-                str(var.name), str(_get_test_reader_name(var.name)))
-
-    for op in main_block.ops:
-        if op.type == root_reader_op.type:
-            test_op.set_attr("file_names", filelist)
-        if op.type == "create_multi_pass_reader":
-            test_op.set_attr("pass_num", 1)
-
-    startup_program._sync_with_cpp()
-    program._sync_with_cpp()
-
-    return program
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/layers/control_flow.py b/python/paddle/fluid/layers/control_flow.py
index 79a11a30d602cb33c2583873e0d0f2e15e0fcb8c..f05ae6d5d1900560e37370121bf64f1fcab14357 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/layers/control_flow.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/layers/control_flow.py
@@ -23,25 +23,17 @@ from ops import logical_and, logical_not, logical_or
 import numpy
 
 __all__ = [
-    'split_lod_tensor',
-    'merge_lod_tensor',
     'While',
     'Switch',
-    'lod_rank_table',
-    'max_sequence_len',
-    'lod_tensor_to_array',
-    'array_to_lod_tensor',
     'increment',
     'array_write',
     'create_array',
     'less_than',
     'equal',
     'array_read',
-    'shrink_memory',
     'array_length',
     'IfElse',
     'DynamicRNN',
-    'ConditionalBlock',
     'StaticRNN',
     'reorder_lod_tensor_by_rank',
     'ParallelDo',
@@ -1457,7 +1449,7 @@ class IfElse(object):
         if self.status == IfElse.OUT_IF_ELSE_BLOCKS:
             raise ValueError("input must in true/false blocks")
         if id(x) not in self.input_table:
-            parent_block = self.parent_block()
+            parent_block = self._parent_block()
             out_true = parent_block.create_var(
                 name=unique_name.generate('ifelse_input' + self.helper.name),
                 dtype=x.dtype)
@@ -1483,7 +1475,7 @@ class IfElse(object):
         else:
             return out_false
 
-    def parent_block(self):
+    def _parent_block(self):
         current_block = self.helper.main_program.current_block()
         return self.helper.main_program.block(current_block.parent_idx)
 
@@ -1499,7 +1491,7 @@ class IfElse(object):
 
         out_table = self.output_table[1 if self.status ==
                                       self.IN_IF_ELSE_TRUE_BLOCKS else 0]
-        parent_block = self.parent_block()
+        parent_block = self._parent_block()
         for each_out in outs:
             if not isinstance(each_out, Variable):
                 raise TypeError("Each output should be a variable")
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/.gitignore b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/.gitignore
similarity index 100%
rename from python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/.gitignore
rename to python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/.gitignore
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/convert_data_to_recordio.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/convert_data_to_recordio.py
similarity index 94%
rename from python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/convert_data_to_recordio.py
rename to python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/convert_data_to_recordio.py
index 8244617711138d590193b2898de5d2f3aeb1e11e..b839e14889884bca8d27586aa8c1d76fba3458c1 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/convert_data_to_recordio.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/convert_data_to_recordio.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ if len(sys.argv) == 1:
     word_dict = paddle.dataset.imdb.word_dict()
 else:
     word_dict = load_vocab(sys.argv[1])
-word_dict["<unk>"] = len(word_dict)
+    word_dict["<unk>"] = len(word_dict)
 print "Dict dim = ", len(word_dict)
 
 # input text data
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(feed_list=[data, label], place=fluid.CPUPlace())
 BATCH_SIZE = 128
 train_reader = paddle.batch(
     paddle.reader.shuffle(
-        paddle.dataset.imdb.train(word_dict), buf_size=10000),
+        paddle.dataset.imdb.train(word_dict), buf_size=25000),
     batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
 
 test_reader = paddle.batch(
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/train.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/train.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc3a6dc81d24afec66ed1489aead1cff79a59bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import paddle.fluid as fluid
+import numpy
+import sys
+
+TRAIN_FILES = ['train.recordio']
+TEST_FILES = ['test.recordio']
+
+DICT_DIM = 5147
+
+# embedding dim
+emb_dim = 128
+
+# hidden dim
+hid_dim = 128
+
+# class num
+class_dim = 2
+
+# epoch num
+epoch_num = 10
+
+
+def build_program(is_train):
+    file_obj_handle = fluid.layers.io.open_files(
+        filenames=TRAIN_FILES if is_train else TEST_FILES,
+        shapes=[[-1, 1], [-1, 1]],
+        lod_levels=[1, 0],
+        dtypes=['int64', 'int64'])
+
+    file_obj = fluid.layers.io.double_buffer(file_obj_handle)
+
+    with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+
+        data, label = fluid.layers.read_file(file_obj)
+
+        emb = fluid.layers.embedding(input=data, size=[DICT_DIM, emb_dim])
+
+        conv_3 = fluid.nets.sequence_conv_pool(
+            input=emb,
+            num_filters=hid_dim,
+            filter_size=3,
+            act="tanh",
+            pool_type="sqrt")
+
+        conv_4 = fluid.nets.sequence_conv_pool(
+            input=emb,
+            num_filters=hid_dim,
+            filter_size=4,
+            act="tanh",
+            pool_type="sqrt")
+
+        prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=[conv_3, conv_4],
+                                     size=class_dim,
+                                     act="softmax")
+
+        # cross entropy loss
+        cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
+
+        # mean loss
+        avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(x=cost)
+        acc = fluid.layers.accuracy(input=prediction, label=label)
+
+        if is_train:
+            # SGD optimizer
+            sgd_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.Adagrad(learning_rate=0.001)
+            sgd_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)
+
+    return {'loss': avg_cost, 'log': [avg_cost, acc], 'file': file_obj_handle}
+
+
+def main():
+    train = fluid.Program()
+    startup = fluid.Program()
+    test = fluid.Program()
+
+    with fluid.program_guard(train, startup):
+        train_args = build_program(is_train=True)
+
+    with fluid.program_guard(test, startup):
+        test_args = build_program(is_train=False)
+
+    use_cuda = fluid.core.is_compiled_with_cuda()
+    # startup
+    place = fluid.CUDAPlace(0) if use_cuda else fluid.CPUPlace()
+    exe = fluid.Executor(place=place)
+    exe.run(startup)
+
+    train_exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
+        use_cuda=use_cuda,
+        loss_name=train_args['loss'].name,
+        main_program=train)
+    test_exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
+        use_cuda=use_cuda, main_program=test, share_vars_from=train_exe)
+
+    fetch_var_list = [var.name for var in train_args['log']]
+    for epoch_id in range(epoch_num):
+        # train
+        try:
+            batch_id = 0
+            while True:
+                loss, acc = map(numpy.array,
+                                train_exe.run(fetch_list=fetch_var_list))
+                print 'Train epoch', epoch_id, 'batch', batch_id, 'loss:', loss, 'acc:', acc
+                batch_id += 1
+        except fluid.core.EOFException:
+            print 'End of epoch', epoch_id
+            train_args['file'].reset()
+
+        # test
+        loss = []
+        acc = []
+        try:
+            while True:
+                loss_np, acc_np = map(numpy.array,
+                                      test_exe.run(fetch_list=fetch_var_list))
+                loss.append(loss_np[0])
+                acc.append(acc_np[0])
+        except:
+            test_args['file'].reset()
+            print 'Test loss:', numpy.mean(loss), 'acc:', numpy.mean(acc)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/train.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/train.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 281c2869d642c7fe41a386c42208ca2da1dc2891..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/text_classification/train.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import numpy
-import sys
-
-TRAIN_FILES = ['train.recordio']
-TEST_FILES = ['test.recordio']
-
-DICT_DIM = 89528
-
-# embedding dim
-emb_dim = 128
-
-# hidden dim
-hid_dim = 128
-
-# hidden dim2
-hid_dim2 = 96
-
-# class num
-class_dim = 2
-
-
-def network_cfg(is_train, pass_num=100):
-    with fluid.unique_name.guard():
-        train_file_obj = fluid.layers.open_files(
-            filenames=TRAIN_FILES,
-            pass_num=pass_num,
-            shapes=[[-1, 1], [-1, 1]],
-            lod_levels=[1, 0],
-            dtypes=['int64', 'int64'])
-
-        test_file_obj = fluid.layers.open_files(
-            filenames=TEST_FILES,
-            pass_num=1,
-            shapes=[[-1, 1], [-1, 1]],
-            lod_levels=[1, 0],
-            dtypes=['int64', 'int64'])
-
-        if is_train:
-            file_obj = fluid.layers.shuffle(train_file_obj, buffer_size=1000)
-        else:
-            file_obj = test_file_obj
-
-        file_obj = fluid.layers.double_buffer(
-            file_obj,
-            name="train_double_buffer" if is_train else 'test_double_buffer')
-
-        data, label = fluid.layers.read_file(file_obj)
-
-        emb = fluid.layers.embedding(input=data, size=[DICT_DIM, emb_dim])
-
-        # sequence conv with window size = 3
-        win_size = 3
-        conv_3 = fluid.nets.sequence_conv_pool(
-            input=emb,
-            num_filters=hid_dim,
-            filter_size=win_size,
-            act="tanh",
-            pool_type="max")
-
-        # fc layer after conv
-        fc_1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=[conv_3], size=hid_dim2)
-
-        # probability of each class
-        prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=[fc_1],
-                                     size=class_dim,
-                                     act="softmax")
-        # cross entropy loss
-        cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
-
-        # mean loss
-        avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(x=cost)
-        acc = fluid.layers.accuracy(input=prediction, label=label)
-
-        if is_train:
-            # SGD optimizer
-            sgd_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.Adagrad(learning_rate=0.01)
-            sgd_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)
-
-        return {
-            'loss': avg_cost,
-            'log': [avg_cost, acc],
-            'file': train_file_obj if is_train else test_file_obj
-        }
-
-
-def main():
-    train = fluid.Program()
-    startup = fluid.Program()
-
-    with fluid.program_guard(train, startup):
-        train_args = network_cfg(is_train=True)
-
-    test = fluid.Program()
-
-    with fluid.program_guard(test, fluid.Program()):
-        test_args = network_cfg(is_train=False)
-
-    # startup
-    place = fluid.CUDAPlace(0)
-    exe = fluid.Executor(place=place)
-    exe.run(startup)
-
-    train_exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
-        use_cuda=True, loss_name=train_args['loss'].name, main_program=train)
-
-    fetch_var_list = [var.name for var in train_args['log']]
-    for i in xrange(sys.maxint):
-        result = map(numpy.array,
-                     train_exe.run(fetch_list=fetch_var_list
-                                   if i % 1000 == 0 else []))
-        if len(result) != 0:
-            print 'Train: ', result
-
-        if i % 1000 == 0:
-            test_exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
-                use_cuda=True, main_program=test, share_vars_from=train_exe)
-            loss = []
-            acc = []
-            try:
-                while True:
-                    loss_np, acc_np = map(
-                        numpy.array, test_exe.run(fetch_list=fetch_var_list))
-                    loss.append(loss_np[0])
-                    acc.append(acc_np[0])
-            except:
-                test_args['file'].reset()
-                print 'TEST: ', numpy.mean(loss), numpy.mean(acc)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_if_else_op.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_if_else_op.py
index 1b58925599de62510ea9048f5210bb0b7e49f933..799c31dfe5161ff6aef47601f1b6f6e38885760b 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_if_else_op.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_if_else_op.py
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
 from paddle.fluid.optimizer import MomentumOptimizer
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import split_lod_tensor
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import merge_lod_tensor
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import ConditionalBlock
+
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -34,11 +38,10 @@ class TestMNISTIfElseOp(unittest.TestCase):
 
             limit = layers.fill_constant(shape=[1], dtype='int64', value=5)
             cond = layers.less_than(x=label, y=limit)
-            true_image, false_image = layers.split_lod_tensor(
-                input=image, mask=cond)
+            true_image, false_image = split_lod_tensor(input=image, mask=cond)
 
             true_out = layers.create_tensor(dtype='float32')
-            true_cond = layers.ConditionalBlock([cond])
+            true_cond = ConditionalBlock([cond])
 
             with true_cond.block():
                 hidden = layers.fc(input=true_image, size=100, act='tanh')
@@ -46,14 +49,14 @@ class TestMNISTIfElseOp(unittest.TestCase):
                 layers.assign(input=prob, output=true_out)
 
             false_out = layers.create_tensor(dtype='float32')
-            false_cond = layers.ConditionalBlock([cond])
+            false_cond = ConditionalBlock([cond])
 
             with false_cond.block():
                 hidden = layers.fc(input=false_image, size=200, act='tanh')
                 prob = layers.fc(input=hidden, size=10, act='softmax')
                 layers.assign(input=prob, output=false_out)
 
-            prob = layers.merge_lod_tensor(
+            prob = merge_lod_tensor(
                 in_true=true_out, in_false=false_out, mask=cond, x=image)
             loss = layers.cross_entropy(input=prob, label=label)
             avg_loss = layers.mean(loss)
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conditional_block.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conditional_block.py
index 084b8d37386fac0366c190f5f30dd39467072498..d9f83905e6135e22f74e749857f9b0fbe464d3f4 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conditional_block.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conditional_block.py
@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@ import paddle.fluid.core as core
 from paddle.fluid.framework import default_startup_program, default_main_program
 from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
 from paddle.fluid.backward import append_backward
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import ConditionalBlock
 import numpy
 
 
-class ConditionalBlock(unittest.TestCase):
+class ConditionalBlockTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_forward(self):
         data = layers.data(name='X', shape=[1], dtype='float32')
         data.stop_gradient = False
-        cond = layers.ConditionalBlock(inputs=[data])
+        cond = ConditionalBlock(inputs=[data])
         out = layers.create_tensor(dtype='float32')
         with cond.block():
             hidden = layers.fc(input=data, size=10)
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_const_value.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_const_value.py
index d1075d514e9b2b692f271f10a005815a66b421fb..58ac6fa0a9a30a08a831111513777cca59062724 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_const_value.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_const_value.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import unittest
 import paddle.fluid.framework as framework
 
 
-class ConditionalBlock(unittest.TestCase):
+class ConstantTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_const_value(self):
         self.assertEqual(framework.GRAD_VAR_SUFFIX, "@GRAD")
         self.assertEqual(framework.TEMP_VAR_NAME, "@TEMP@")
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dyn_rnn.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dyn_rnn.py
index 0faed94deb4808783027d776e0f4c61da0db457a..4448de8839d7ad4ad1f70ecdc4ac94da1e619adb 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dyn_rnn.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dyn_rnn.py
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ import paddle
 import unittest
 import numpy
 
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_rank_table
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import max_sequence_len
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_tensor_to_array
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import array_to_lod_tensor
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import shrink_memory
+
 
 class TestDynRNN(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
@@ -38,12 +44,11 @@ class TestDynRNN(unittest.TestCase):
 
             label = fluid.layers.data(name='label', shape=[1], dtype='float32')
 
-            rank_table = fluid.layers.lod_rank_table(x=sent_emb)
+            rank_table = lod_rank_table(x=sent_emb)
 
-            sent_emb_array = fluid.layers.lod_tensor_to_array(
-                x=sent_emb, table=rank_table)
+            sent_emb_array = lod_tensor_to_array(x=sent_emb, table=rank_table)
 
-            seq_len = fluid.layers.max_sequence_len(rank_table=rank_table)
+            seq_len = max_sequence_len(rank_table=rank_table)
             i = fluid.layers.fill_constant(shape=[1], dtype='int64', value=0)
             i.stop_gradient = False
 
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ class TestDynRNN(unittest.TestCase):
                 mem = fluid.layers.array_read(array=mem_array, i=i)
                 ipt = fluid.layers.array_read(array=sent_emb_array, i=i)
 
-                mem = fluid.layers.shrink_memory(x=mem, i=i, table=rank_table)
+                mem = shrink_memory(x=mem, i=i, table=rank_table)
 
                 hidden = fluid.layers.fc(input=[mem, ipt], size=100, act='tanh')
 
@@ -75,8 +80,7 @@ class TestDynRNN(unittest.TestCase):
                 fluid.layers.array_write(x=hidden, i=i, array=mem_array)
                 fluid.layers.less_than(x=i, y=seq_len, cond=cond)
 
-            all_timesteps = fluid.layers.array_to_lod_tensor(
-                x=out, table=rank_table)
+            all_timesteps = array_to_lod_tensor(x=out, table=rank_table)
             last = fluid.layers.sequence_last_step(input=all_timesteps)
             logits = fluid.layers.fc(input=last, size=1, act=None)
             loss = fluid.layers.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_rank_table.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_rank_table.py
index bac5e502318397b43e9867d5fc9e4e8cd33394b8..16e85830ffa51ec428951570cc7a038f3d10c873 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_rank_table.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_rank_table.py
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from paddle.fluid.layers import lod_rank_table, data
+from paddle.fluid.layers import data
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_rank_table
 from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 import numpy
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_tensor_array_ops.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_tensor_array_ops.py
index cebe6997bb4152519dabbabfc0404d6036bc4e65..5a4580116bc7009c73f1de14a265bf2cea5acf9b 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_tensor_array_ops.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lod_tensor_array_ops.py
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ from paddle.fluid.framework import Program, program_guard
 from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
 from paddle.fluid.backward import append_backward
 
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_rank_table
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import max_sequence_len
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_tensor_to_array
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import array_to_lod_tensor
+
 
 class TestCPULoDTensorArrayOps(unittest.TestCase):
     def place(self):
@@ -137,13 +142,13 @@ class TestCPULoDTensorArrayOps(unittest.TestCase):
         with program_guard(program):
             x = layers.data(name='x', shape=[10])
             x.persistable = True
-            table = layers.lod_rank_table(x, level=level)
-            max_len = layers.max_sequence_len(table)
+            table = lod_rank_table(x, level=level)
+            max_len = max_sequence_len(table)
             max_len.persistable = True
-            array = layers.lod_tensor_to_array(x, table)
+            array = lod_tensor_to_array(x, table)
             array.persistable = True
 
-            result = layers.array_to_lod_tensor(array, table)
+            result = array_to_lod_tensor(array, table)
             result.persistable = True
         exe = Executor(place)
         scope = core.Scope()
@@ -181,9 +186,9 @@ class TestCPULoDTensorArrayOpGrad(unittest.TestCase):
         with program_guard(program):
             x = layers.data(
                 name='x', shape=[1], dtype='float32', stop_gradient=False)
-            table = layers.lod_rank_table(x, level=0)
-            array = layers.lod_tensor_to_array(x, table)
-            result = layers.array_to_lod_tensor(array, table)
+            table = lod_rank_table(x, level=0)
+            array = lod_tensor_to_array(x, table)
+            result = array_to_lod_tensor(array, table)
 
             mean = layers.mean(result)
 
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_parallel_executor_mnist.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_parallel_executor_mnist.py
index b21e16439a5070e5f6d763e1617d4cfffe8bd618..76389d916fc39f470a22aed4792bf7b754600436 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_parallel_executor_mnist.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_parallel_executor_mnist.py
@@ -107,44 +107,24 @@ class TestMNIST(TestParallelExecutorBase):
         label = np.ones(shape=[32, 1], dtype='int64')
         return img, label
 
-    # simple_fc
-    def check_simple_fc_convergence(self, use_cuda, use_reduce=False):
+    def _compare_reduce_and_allreduce(self, model, use_cuda, random_data=True):
         if use_cuda and not core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
             return
-        self.check_network_convergence(simple_fc_net, use_cuda=use_cuda)
         self.check_network_convergence(
-            simple_fc_net, use_cuda=use_cuda, allow_op_delay=True)
-
-        img, label = self._init_data()
-
+            model, use_cuda=use_cuda, use_reduce=True)
         self.check_network_convergence(
-            simple_fc_net,
-            feed_dict={"image": img,
-                       "label": label},
-            use_cuda=use_cuda,
-            use_reduce=use_reduce)
+            model, use_cuda=use_cuda, allow_op_delay=True, use_reduce=True)
 
-    def check_simple_fc_convergence_with_Reduce(self, use_cuda):
-        if use_cuda and not core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
-            return
-        self.check_network_convergence(
-            simple_fc_net, use_cuda=use_cuda, use_reduce=True)
-        self.check_network_convergence(
-            simple_fc_net,
-            use_cuda=use_cuda,
-            allow_op_delay=True,
-            use_reduce=True)
-
-        img, label = self._init_data()
+        img, label = self._init_data(random_data)
 
         all_reduce_first_loss, all_reduce_last_loss = self.check_network_convergence(
-            simple_fc_net,
+            model,
             feed_dict={"image": img,
                        "label": label},
             use_cuda=use_cuda,
             use_reduce=False)
         reduce_first_loss, reduce_last_loss = self.check_network_convergence(
-            simple_fc_net,
+            model,
             feed_dict={"image": img,
                        "label": label},
             use_cuda=use_cuda,
@@ -153,7 +133,24 @@ class TestMNIST(TestParallelExecutorBase):
         for loss in zip(all_reduce_first_loss, reduce_first_loss):
             self.assertAlmostEquals(loss[0], loss[1], delta=1e-6)
         for loss in zip(all_reduce_last_loss, reduce_last_loss):
-            self.assertAlmostEquals(loss[0], loss[1], delta=1e-6)
+            self.assertAlmostEquals(loss[0], loss[1], delta=1e-4)
+
+    # simple_fc
+    def check_simple_fc_convergence(self, use_cuda, use_reduce=False):
+        if use_cuda and not core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
+            return
+        self.check_network_convergence(simple_fc_net, use_cuda=use_cuda)
+        self.check_network_convergence(
+            simple_fc_net, use_cuda=use_cuda, allow_op_delay=True)
+
+        img, label = self._init_data()
+
+        self.check_network_convergence(
+            simple_fc_net,
+            feed_dict={"image": img,
+                       "label": label},
+            use_cuda=use_cuda,
+            use_reduce=use_reduce)
 
     def test_simple_fc(self):
         # use_cuda
@@ -162,8 +159,8 @@ class TestMNIST(TestParallelExecutorBase):
 
     def test_simple_fc_with_new_strategy(self):
         # use_cuda, use_reduce
-        self.check_simple_fc_convergence_with_Reduce(True)
-        self.check_simple_fc_convergence_with_Reduce(False)
+        self._compare_reduce_and_allreduce(simple_fc_net, True)
+        self._compare_reduce_and_allreduce(simple_fc_net, False)
 
     def check_simple_fc_parallel_accuracy(self, use_cuda):
         if use_cuda and not core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
@@ -209,39 +206,13 @@ class TestMNIST(TestParallelExecutorBase):
                        "label": label},
             use_cuda=use_cuda)
 
-    def check_batchnorm_fc_convergence_use_reduce(self, use_cuda):
-        if use_cuda and not core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
-            return
-        self.check_network_convergence(
-            fc_with_batchnorm, use_cuda=use_cuda, use_reduce=True)
-
-        img, label = self._init_data()
-
-        all_reduce_first_loss, all_reduce_last_loss = self.check_network_convergence(
-            fc_with_batchnorm,
-            feed_dict={"image": img,
-                       "label": label},
-            use_cuda=use_cuda,
-            use_reduce=False)
-        reduce_first_loss, reduce_last_loss = self.check_network_convergence(
-            fc_with_batchnorm,
-            feed_dict={"image": img,
-                       "label": label},
-            use_cuda=use_cuda,
-            use_reduce=True)
-
-        for loss in zip(all_reduce_first_loss, reduce_first_loss):
-            self.assertAlmostEquals(loss[0], loss[1], delta=1e-6)
-        for loss in zip(all_reduce_last_loss, reduce_last_loss):
-            self.assertAlmostEquals(loss[0], loss[1], delta=1e-4)
-
     def test_batchnorm_fc(self):
         self.check_batchnorm_fc_convergence(True)
         self.check_batchnorm_fc_convergence(False)
 
     def test_batchnorm_fc_with_new_strategy(self):
-        self.check_batchnorm_fc_convergence_use_reduce(True)
-        self.check_batchnorm_fc_convergence_use_reduce(False)
+        self._compare_reduce_and_allreduce(fc_with_batchnorm, True)
+        self._compare_reduce_and_allreduce(fc_with_batchnorm, False)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_reorder_lod_tensor.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_reorder_lod_tensor.py
index a70321bd800bf25eeb9e5d197ea7e08626b9aede..6e1cd56b3e309fc014dc981a1e3aa841159fca15 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_reorder_lod_tensor.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_reorder_lod_tensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import unittest
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_rank_table
 import numpy
 
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ class TestReorderLoDTensor(unittest.TestCase):
         dat.stop_gradient = False
         rank_dat = fluid.layers.data(
             name=cls.data_desc[1][0], shape=cls.data_desc[1][1])
-        table = fluid.layers.lod_rank_table(rank_dat)
+        table = lod_rank_table(rank_dat)
         new_dat = fluid.layers.reorder_lod_tensor_by_rank(
             x=dat, rank_table=table)
         loss = fluid.layers.reduce_sum(new_dat)
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_shrink_rnn_memory.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_shrink_rnn_memory.py
index 24bc2cbaf86e8ed2c6a359c4c4d9a1e1507df746..6f0e337034d1010880514181654170316fd9db19 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_shrink_rnn_memory.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_shrink_rnn_memory.py
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ from paddle.fluid.framework import default_main_program, switch_main_program
 from paddle.fluid.framework import Program
 import numpy as np
 
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import shrink_memory
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_rank_table
+
 
 class TestShrinkRNNMemoryBase(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
@@ -30,15 +33,15 @@ class TestShrinkRNNMemoryBase(unittest.TestCase):
         x.stop_gradient = False
         rank_table_tensor = layers.data(
             'rank_table_tensor', shape=[1], dtype='float32', lod_level=1)
-        table = layers.lod_rank_table(x=rank_table_tensor)
+        table = lod_rank_table(x=rank_table_tensor)
         i = layers.zeros(dtype='int64', shape=[1])
-        self.mem1 = layers.shrink_memory(x=x, i=i, table=table)
+        self.mem1 = shrink_memory(x=x, i=i, table=table)
         i = layers.increment(x=i)
         i.stop_gradient = True
-        self.mem2 = layers.shrink_memory(x=self.mem1, i=i, table=table)
+        self.mem2 = shrink_memory(x=self.mem1, i=i, table=table)
         i = layers.increment(x=i)
         i.stop_gradient = True
-        self.mem3 = layers.shrink_memory(x=self.mem2, i=i, table=table)
+        self.mem3 = shrink_memory(x=self.mem2, i=i, table=table)
         mem3_mean = layers.mean(self.mem3)
         append_backward(loss=mem3_mean)
         self.x_grad = self.main_program.global_block().var('x@GRAD')
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_split_and_merge_lod_tensor_op.py b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_split_and_merge_lod_tensor_op.py
index 0916ed7c9f1e2d6d90c6908983fdc8b177aecbb9..ea1146166d34a31efbd859318b411cea50895fe1 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_split_and_merge_lod_tensor_op.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_split_and_merge_lod_tensor_op.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import paddle.fluid.layers as layers
 from paddle.fluid.framework import Program, program_guard
 from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
 from paddle.fluid.backward import append_backward
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import split_lod_tensor
+from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import merge_lod_tensor
 
 
 class TestCPULoDTensorArrayOps(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -96,12 +98,11 @@ class TestCPULoDTensorArrayOps(unittest.TestCase):
             y = layers.data(name='y', shape=[1])
             y.persistable = True
 
-            out_true, out_false = layers.split_lod_tensor(
-                input=x, mask=y, level=level)
+            out_true, out_false = split_lod_tensor(input=x, mask=y, level=level)
             out_true.persistable = True
             out_false.persistable = True
 
-            out = layers.merge_lod_tensor(
+            out = merge_lod_tensor(
                 in_true=out_true, in_false=out_false, mask=y, x=x, level=level)
 
             out.persistable = True
@@ -142,9 +143,8 @@ class TestCPUSplitMergeLoDTensorGrad(unittest.TestCase):
 
             level = 0
 
-            out_true, out_false = layers.split_lod_tensor(
-                input=x, mask=y, level=level)
-            out = layers.merge_lod_tensor(
+            out_true, out_false = split_lod_tensor(input=x, mask=y, level=level)
+            out = merge_lod_tensor(
                 in_true=out_true, in_false=out_false, mask=y, x=x, level=level)
             mean = layers.mean(out)
 
diff --git a/python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/distribute_transpiler.py b/python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/distribute_transpiler.py
index fc58703eca73addca109506aa60c0099ff31e1b5..e7698d8c52b411fd0afe919625034107081726b5 100644
--- a/python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/distribute_transpiler.py
+++ b/python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/distribute_transpiler.py
@@ -887,7 +887,8 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
         # create table optimize block in pserver program
         table_opt_op = [
             op for op in self.optimize_ops
-            if op.input("Param")[0] == self.table_name
+            if 'Param' in op.input_names and op.input("Param")[0] ==
+            self.table_name
         ][0]
         table_opt_block = pserver_program.create_block(pre_block_idx)
         # only support sgd now