Merge pull request #12658 from velconia/port_pybind11

Port pybind11 and python code to support py3 CI test

paddle/fluid/framework/op_desc.cc

@@ -202,6 +202,52 @@ std::vector<std::string> OpDesc::AttrNames() const {
 }
 
 void OpDesc::SetAttr(const std::string &name, const Attribute &v) {
+  // NOTICE(minqiyang): pybind11 will take the empty list in python as
+  // the std::vector<int> type in C++; so we have to change the attr's type
+  // here if we meet this issue
+  proto::AttrType attr_type = static_cast<proto::AttrType>(v.which() - 1);
+  if (attr_type == proto::AttrType::INTS &&
+      boost::get<std::vector<int>>(v).size() == 0u) {
+    // Find current attr via attr name and set the correct attribute value
+    const proto::OpProto::Attr &attr = GetProtoAttr(name);
+    switch (attr.type()) {
+      case proto::AttrType::BOOLEANS: {
+        VLOG(11) << "SetAttr: " << Type() << ", " << name
+                 << " from INTS to BOOLEANS";
+        this->attrs_[name] = std::vector<bool>();
+        break;
+      }
+      case proto::AttrType::INTS: {
+        VLOG(11) << "SetAttr: " << Type() << ", " << name
+                 << " from INTS to INTS";
+        this->attrs_[name] = std::vector<int>();
+        break;
+      }
+      case proto::AttrType::FLOATS: {
+        VLOG(11) << "SetAttr: " << Type() << ", " << name
+                 << " from INTS to FLOATS";
+        this->attrs_[name] = std::vector<float>();
+        break;
+      }
+      case proto::AttrType::STRINGS: {
+        VLOG(11) << "SetAttr: " << Type() << ", " << name
+                 << " from INTS to STRINGS";
+        this->attrs_[name] = std::vector<std::string>();
+        break;
+      }
+      case proto::AttrType::BLOCKS: {
+        VLOG(11) << "SetAttr: " << Type() << ", " << name
+                 << " from INTS to BLOCKS";
+        this->SetBlocksAttr(name, std::vector<BlockDesc *>());
+        return;
+      }
+      default:
+        PADDLE_THROW("Wrong attr type %d", attr.type());
+    }
+    need_update_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
   this->attrs_[name] = v;
   need_update_ = true;
 }
@@ -229,6 +275,19 @@ Attribute OpDesc::GetAttr(const std::string &name) const {
   return it->second;
 }
 
+const proto::OpProto::Attr &OpDesc::GetProtoAttr(
+    const std::string &name) const {
+  const proto::OpProto &proto = OpInfoMap::Instance().Get(Type()).Proto();
+  for (int i = 0; i != proto.attrs_size(); ++i) {
+    const proto::OpProto::Attr &attr = proto.attrs(i);
+    if (attr.name() == name) {
+      return attr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  PADDLE_THROW("Attribute %s is not found in proto %s", name, proto.type());
+}
+
 Attribute OpDesc::GetNullableAttr(const std::string &name) const {
   auto it = attrs_.find(name);
   if (it != attrs_.end()) {

paddle/fluid/framework/op_desc.h

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ class OpDesc {
 
   Attribute GetAttr(const std::string &name) const;
 
+  const proto::OpProto::Attr &GetProtoAttr(const std::string &name) const;
+
   Attribute GetNullableAttr(const std::string &name) const;
 
   int GetBlockAttrId(const std::string &name) const;

paddle/fluid/pybind/protobuf.cc

@@ -205,12 +205,7 @@ void BindBlockDesc(pybind11::module *m) {
 void BindVarDsec(pybind11::module *m) {
   pybind11::class_<pd::VarDesc> var_desc(*m, "VarDesc", "");
   var_desc
-      .def("name",
-           [](pd::VarDesc &self) {
-             pybind11::bytes name = self.Name();
-             return name;
-           },
-           pybind11::return_value_policy::reference)
+      .def("name", &pd::VarDesc::Name, pybind11::return_value_policy::reference)
       .def("set_name", &pd::VarDesc::SetName)
       .def("set_shape", &pd::VarDesc::SetShape)
       .def("set_shapes", &pd::VarDesc::SetShapes)

paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/gpu_info.h"
 #endif
 
+#include "pybind11/stl.h"
+
 // disable auto conversion to list in Python
 PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(paddle::framework::LoDTensorArray);
 

python/paddle/__init__.py

@@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ except ImportError:
 import paddle.reader
 import paddle.dataset
 import paddle.batch
+import paddle.compat
 batch = batch.batch

python/paddle/compat.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import six
+import math
+
+__all__ = [
+    'long_type',
+    'to_text',
+    'to_bytes',
+    'round',
+    'floor_division',
+    'get_exception_message',
+]
+
+if six.PY2:
+    int_type = int
+    long_type = long
+else:
+    int_type = int
+    long_type = int
+
+
+#  str and bytes related functions
+def to_text(obj, encoding='utf-8', inplace=False):
+    """
+      All string in PaddlePaddle should be represented as a literal string.
+    This function will convert object to a literal string without any encoding.
+    Especially, if the object type is a list or set container, we will iterate
+    all items in the object and convert them to literal string.
+
+    In Python3:
+        Decode the bytes type object to str type with specific encoding
+
+    In Python2:
+        Decode the str type object to unicode type with specific encoding
+
+    Args:
+        obj(unicode|str|bytes|list|set) : The object to be decoded.
+        encoding(str) : The encoding format to decode a string
+        inplace(bool) : If we change the original object or we create a new one
+
+    Returns:
+        Decoded result of obj
+    """
+    if obj is None:
+        return obj
+
+    if isinstance(obj, list):
+        if inplace:
+            for i in six.moves.xrange(len(obj)):
+                obj[i] = _to_text(obj[i], encoding)
+            return obj
+        else:
+            return [_to_text(item, encoding) for item in obj]
+    elif isinstance(obj, set):
+        if inplace:
+            for item in obj:
+                obj.remove(item)
+                obj.add(_to_text(item, encoding))
+            return obj
+        else:
+            return set([_to_text(item, encoding) for item in obj])
+    else:
+        return _to_text(obj, encoding)
+
+
+def _to_text(obj, encoding):
+    """
+    In Python3:
+        Decode the bytes type object to str type with specific encoding
+
+    In Python2:
+        Decode the str type object to unicode type with specific encoding,
+        or we just return the unicode string of object
+
+    Args:
+        obj(unicode|str|bytes) : The object to be decoded.
+        encoding(str) : The encoding format
+
+    Returns:
+        decoded result of obj
+    """
+    if obj is None:
+        return obj
+
+    if isinstance(obj, six.binary_type):
+        return obj.decode(encoding)
+    elif isinstance(obj, six.text_type):
+        return obj
+    else:
+        return six.u(obj)
+
+
+def to_bytes(obj, encoding='utf-8', inplace=False):
+    """
+      All string in PaddlePaddle should be represented as a literal string.
+    This function will convert object to a bytes with specific encoding.
+    Especially, if the object type is a list or set container, we will iterate
+    all items in the object and convert them to bytes.
+
+    In Python3:
+        Encode the str type object to bytes type with specific encoding
+
+    In Python2:
+        Encode the unicode type object to str type with specific encoding,
+        or we just return the 8-bit string of object
+
+    Args:
+        obj(unicode|str|bytes|list|set) : The object to be encoded.
+        encoding(str) : The encoding format to encode a string
+        inplace(bool) : If we change the original object or we create a new one
+
+    Returns:
+        Decoded result of obj
+    """
+    if obj is None:
+        return obj
+
+    if isinstance(obj, list):
+        if inplace:
+            for i in six.moves.xrange(len(obj)):
+                obj[i] = _to_bytes(obj[i], encoding)
+            return obj
+        else:
+            return [_to_bytes(item, encoding) for item in obj]
+    elif isinstance(obj, set):
+        if inplace:
+            for item in obj:
+                obj.remove(item)
+                obj.add(_to_bytes(item, encoding))
+            return obj
+        else:
+            return set([_to_bytes(item, encoding) for item in obj])
+    else:
+        return _to_bytes(obj, encoding)
+
+
+def _to_bytes(obj, encoding):
+    """
+    In Python3:
+        Encode the str type object to bytes type with specific encoding
+
+    In Python2:
+        Encode the unicode type object to str type with specific encoding,
+        or we just return the 8-bit string of object
+
+    Args:
+        obj(unicode|str|bytes) : The object to be encoded.
+        encoding(str) : The encoding format
+
+    Returns:
+        encoded result of obj
+    """
+    if obj is None:
+        return obj
+
+    assert encoding is not None
+    if isinstance(obj, six.text_type):
+        return obj.encode(encoding)
+    elif isinstance(obj, six.binary_type):
+        return obj
+    else:
+        return six.b(obj)
+
+
+# math related functions
+def round(x, d=0):
+    """
+    Compatible round which act the same behaviour in Python3.
+
+    Args:
+        x(float) : The number to round halfway.
+
+    Returns:
+        round result of x
+    """
+    if six.PY3:
+        # The official walkaround of round in Python3 is incorrect
+        # we implement accroding this answer: https://www.techforgeek.info/round_python.html
+        if x > 0.0:
+            p = 10**d
+            return float(math.floor((x * p) + math.copysign(0.5, x))) / p
+        elif x < 0.0:
+            p = 10**d
+            return float(math.ceil((x * p) + math.copysign(0.5, x))) / p
+        else:
+            return math.copysign(0.0, x)
+    else:
+        import __builtin__
+        return __builtin__.round(x, d)
+
+
+def floor_division(x, y):
+    """
+    Compatible division which act the same behaviour in Python3 and Python2,
+    whose result will be a int value of floor(x / y) in Python3 and value of
+    (x / y) in Python2.
+
+    Args:
+        x(int|float) : The number to divide.
+        y(int|float) : The number to be divided
+
+    Returns:
+        division result of x // y
+    """
+    return x // y
+
+
+# exception related functions
+def get_exception_message(exc):
+    """
+    Get the error message of a specific exception
+
+    Args:
+        exec(Exception) : The exception to get error message.
+
+    Returns:
+        the error message of exec
+    """
+    assert exc is not None
+
+    if six.PY2:
+        return exc.message
+    else:
+        return str(exc)

python/paddle/dataset/cifar.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import itertools
 import numpy
 import paddle.dataset.common
 import tarfile
-from six.moves import zip
+import six
 from six.moves import cPickle as pickle
 
 __all__ = ['train100', 'test100', 'train10', 'test10', 'convert']
@@ -46,10 +46,11 @@ CIFAR100_MD5 = 'eb9058c3a382ffc7106e4002c42a8d85'
 
 def reader_creator(filename, sub_name, cycle=False):
     def read_batch(batch):
-        data = batch['data']
-        labels = batch.get('labels', batch.get('fine_labels', None))
+        data = batch[six.b('data')]
+        labels = batch.get(
+            six.b('labels'), batch.get(six.b('fine_labels'), None))
         assert labels is not None
-        for sample, label in zip(data, labels):
+        for sample, label in six.moves.zip(data, labels):
             yield (sample / 255.0).astype(numpy.float32), int(label)
 
     def reader():
@@ -59,7 +60,11 @@ def reader_creator(filename, sub_name, cycle=False):
 
             while True:
                 for name in names:
-                    batch = pickle.load(f.extractfile(name))
+                    if six.PY2:
+                        batch = pickle.load(f.extractfile(name))
+                    else:
+                        batch = pickle.load(
+                            f.extractfile(name), encoding='bytes')
                     for item in read_batch(batch):
                         yield item
                 if not cycle:

python/paddle/dataset/common.py

@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ def download(url, module_name, md5sum, save_name=None):
         total_length = r.headers.get('content-length')
 
         if total_length is None:
-            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+            with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
                 shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw, f)
         else:
-            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+            with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
                 dl = 0
                 total_length = int(total_length)
                 for data in r.iter_content(chunk_size=4096):

python/paddle/dataset/conll05.py

@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ import tarfile
 import gzip
 import itertools
 import paddle.dataset.common
-from six.moves import zip
+import paddle.compat as cpt
+from six.moves import zip, range
 
 __all__ = ['test, get_dict', 'get_embedding', 'convert']
 
-DATA_URL = 'http://www.cs.upc.edu/~srlconll/conll05st-tests.tar.gz'
+DATA_URL = 'http://paddlemodels.bj.bcebos.com/conll05st/conll05st-tests.tar.gz'
 DATA_MD5 = '387719152ae52d60422c016e92a742fc'
 WORDDICT_URL = 'http://paddlemodels.bj.bcebos.com/conll05st%2FwordDict.txt'
 WORDDICT_MD5 = 'ea7fb7d4c75cc6254716f0177a506baa'
@@ -89,8 +90,8 @@ def corpus_reader(data_path, words_name, props_name):
             labels = []
             one_seg = []
             for word, label in zip(words_file, props_file):
-                word = word.strip()
-                label = label.strip().split()
+                word = cpt.to_text(word.strip())
+                label = cpt.to_text(label.strip().split())
 
                 if len(label) == 0:  # end of sentence
                     for i in range(len(one_seg[0])):

python/paddle/dataset/flowers.py

@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ def reader_creator(data_file,
             for file in open(file_list):
                 file = file.strip()
                 batch = None
-                with open(file, 'r') as f:
-                    batch = pickle.load(f)
+                with open(file, 'rb') as f:
+                    batch = pickle.loads(f.read())
                 data = batch['data']
                 labels = batch['label']
                 for sample, label in zip(data, batch['label']):

python/paddle/dataset/image.py

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ import numpy as np
 try:
     import cv2
 except ImportError:
+    import sys
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        '''Warning with paddle image module: opencv-python should be imported,
+    or paddle image module could NOT work; please install opencv-python first.'''
+    )
     cv2 = None
 import os
 import tarfile
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@ def batch_images_from_tar(data_file,
     :type data_file: string
     :param dataset_name: 'train','test' or 'valid'
     :type dataset_name: string
-    :param img2label: a dic with image file name as key 
+    :param img2label: a dic with image file name as key
                     and image's label as value
     :type img2label: dic
     :param num_per_batch: image number per batch file
@@ -88,7 +93,7 @@ def batch_images_from_tar(data_file,
                 output['data'] = data
                 pickle.dump(
                     output,
-                    open('%s/batch_%d' % (out_path, file_id), 'w'),
+                    open('%s/batch_%d' % (out_path, file_id), 'wb'),
                     protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
                 file_id += 1
                 data = []
@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@ def batch_images_from_tar(data_file,
         output['data'] = data
         pickle.dump(
             output,
-            open('%s/batch_%d' % (out_path, file_id), 'w'),
+            open('%s/batch_%d' % (out_path, file_id), 'wb'),
             protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
 
     with open(meta_file, 'a') as meta:
@@ -113,7 +118,7 @@ def load_image_bytes(bytes, is_color=True):
     Load an color or gray image from bytes array.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         with open('cat.jpg') as f:
@@ -126,6 +131,8 @@ def load_image_bytes(bytes, is_color=True):
                      load and return a gray image.
     :type is_color: bool
     """
+    assert cv2 is not None
+
     flag = 1 if is_color else 0
     file_bytes = np.asarray(bytearray(bytes), dtype=np.uint8)
     img = cv2.imdecode(file_bytes, flag)
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ def load_image(file, is_color=True):
     Load an color or gray image from the file path.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = load_image('cat.jpg')
@@ -149,6 +156,8 @@ def load_image(file, is_color=True):
                      load and return a gray image.
     :type is_color: bool
     """
+    assert cv2 is not None
+
     # cv2.IMAGE_COLOR for OpenCV3
     # cv2.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR for older OpenCV Version
     # cv2.IMAGE_GRAYSCALE for OpenCV3
@@ -161,27 +170,29 @@ def load_image(file, is_color=True):
 
 
 def resize_short(im, size):
-    """ 
+    """
     Resize an image so that the length of shorter edge is size.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = load_image('cat.jpg')
         im = resize_short(im, 256)
-    
+
     :param im: the input image with HWC layout.
     :type im: ndarray
     :param size: the shorter edge size of image after resizing.
     :type size: int
     """
+    assert cv2 is not None
+
     h, w = im.shape[:2]
     h_new, w_new = size, size
     if h > w:
-        h_new = size * h / w
+        h_new = size * h // w
     else:
-        w_new = size * w / h
+        w_new = size * w // h
     im = cv2.resize(im, (h_new, w_new), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
     return im
 
@@ -193,17 +204,17 @@ def to_chw(im, order=(2, 0, 1)):
     according the order (2,0,1).
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = load_image('cat.jpg')
         im = resize_short(im, 256)
         im = to_chw(im)
-    
+
     :param im: the input image with HWC layout.
     :type im: ndarray
     :param order: the transposed order.
-    :type order: tuple|list 
+    :type order: tuple|list
     """
     assert len(im.shape) == len(order)
     im = im.transpose(order)
@@ -215,11 +226,11 @@ def center_crop(im, size, is_color=True):
     Crop the center of image with size.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = center_crop(im, 224)
-    
+
     :param im: the input image with HWC layout.
     :type im: ndarray
     :param size: the cropping size.
@@ -228,8 +239,8 @@ def center_crop(im, size, is_color=True):
     :type is_color: bool
     """
     h, w = im.shape[:2]
-    h_start = (h - size) / 2
-    w_start = (w - size) / 2
+    h_start = (h - size) // 2
+    w_start = (w - size) // 2
     h_end, w_end = h_start + size, w_start + size
     if is_color:
         im = im[h_start:h_end, w_start:w_end, :]
@@ -243,11 +254,11 @@ def random_crop(im, size, is_color=True):
     Randomly crop input image with size.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = random_crop(im, 224)
-    
+
     :param im: the input image with HWC layout.
     :type im: ndarray
     :param size: the cropping size.
@@ -272,11 +283,11 @@ def left_right_flip(im, is_color=True):
     Return the flipped image.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = left_right_flip(im)
-    
+
     :param im: input image with HWC layout or HW layout for gray image
     :type im: ndarray
     :param is_color: whether input image is color or not
@@ -299,7 +310,7 @@ def simple_transform(im,
     resizing, croping and flipping.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = simple_transform(im, 256, 224, True)
@@ -314,7 +325,7 @@ def simple_transform(im,
     :type is_train: bool
     :param is_color: whether the image is color or not.
     :type is_color: bool
-    :param mean: the mean values, which can be element-wise mean values or 
+    :param mean: the mean values, which can be element-wise mean values or
                  mean values per channel.
     :type mean: numpy array | list
     """
@@ -332,7 +343,7 @@ def simple_transform(im,
     im = im.astype('float32')
     if mean is not None:
         mean = np.array(mean, dtype=np.float32)
-        # mean value, may be one value per channel 
+        # mean value, may be one value per channel
         if mean.ndim == 1 and is_color:
             mean = mean[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis]
         elif mean.ndim == 1:
@@ -357,7 +368,7 @@ def load_and_transform(filename,
     for the transform operations.
 
     Example usage:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: python
 
         im = load_and_transform('cat.jpg', 256, 224, True)
@@ -372,7 +383,7 @@ def load_and_transform(filename,
     :type is_train: bool
     :param is_color: whether the image is color or not.
     :type is_color: bool
-    :param mean: the mean values, which can be element-wise mean values or 
+    :param mean: the mean values, which can be element-wise mean values or
                  mean values per channel.
     :type mean: numpy array | list
     """

python/paddle/dataset/imdb.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import collections
 import tarfile
 import re
 import string
+import six
 
 __all__ = ['build_dict', 'train', 'test', 'convert']
 
@@ -42,13 +43,14 @@ def tokenize(pattern):
         # sequential access of member files, other than
         # tarfile.extractfile, which does random access and might
         # destroy hard disks.
-        tf = next(tarf)
+        tf = tarf.next()
         while tf != None:
             if bool(pattern.match(tf.name)):
                 # newline and punctuations removal and ad-hoc tokenization.
-                yield tarf.extractfile(tf).read().rstrip("\n\r").translate(
-                    None, string.punctuation).lower().split()
-            tf = next(tarf)
+                yield tarf.extractfile(tf).read().rstrip(six.b(
+                    "\n\r")).translate(
+                        None, six.b(string.punctuation)).lower().split()
+            tf = tarf.next()
 
 
 def build_dict(pattern, cutoff):
@@ -62,11 +64,11 @@ def build_dict(pattern, cutoff):
             word_freq[word] += 1
 
     # Not sure if we should prune less-frequent words here.
-    word_freq = [x for x in list(word_freq.items()) if x[1] > cutoff]
+    word_freq = [x for x in six.iteritems(word_freq) if x[1] > cutoff]
 
     dictionary = sorted(word_freq, key=lambda x: (-x[1], x[0]))
     words, _ = list(zip(*dictionary))
-    word_idx = dict(list(zip(words, list(range(len(words))))))
+    word_idx = dict(list(zip(words, six.moves.range(len(words)))))
     word_idx['<unk>'] = len(words)
     return word_idx
 

python/paddle/dataset/imikolov.py

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@
 """
 imikolov's simple dataset.
 
-This module will download dataset from 
+This module will download dataset from
 http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/~imikolov/rnnlm/ and parse training set and test set
 into paddle reader creators.
 """
 import paddle.dataset.common
 import collections
 import tarfile
+import six
 
 __all__ = ['train', 'test', 'build_dict', 'convert']
 
@@ -64,11 +65,13 @@ def build_dict(min_word_freq=50):
             # remove <unk> for now, since we will set it as last index
             del word_freq['<unk>']
 
-        word_freq = [x for x in list(word_freq.items()) if x[1] > min_word_freq]
+        word_freq = [
+            x for x in six.iteritems(word_freq) if x[1] > min_word_freq
+        ]
 
         word_freq_sorted = sorted(word_freq, key=lambda x: (-x[1], x[0]))
         words, _ = list(zip(*word_freq_sorted))
-        word_idx = dict(list(zip(words, list(range(len(words))))))
+        word_idx = dict(list(zip(words, six.moves.range(len(words)))))
         word_idx['<unk>'] = len(words)
 
     return word_idx
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ def reader_creator(filename, word_idx, n, data_type):
                     l = ['<s>'] + l.strip().split() + ['<e>']
                     if len(l) >= n:
                         l = [word_idx.get(w, UNK) for w in l]
-                        for i in range(n, len(l) + 1):
+                        for i in six.moves.range(n, len(l) + 1):
                             yield tuple(l[i - n:i])
                 elif DataType.SEQ == data_type:
                     l = l.strip().split()

python/paddle/dataset/mnist.py

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ import paddle.dataset.common
 import subprocess
 import numpy
 import platform
+import six
+import tempfile
+from six.moves import range
 __all__ = ['train', 'test', 'convert']
 
 URL_PREFIX = 'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/'
@@ -45,23 +48,28 @@ def reader_creator(image_filename, label_filename, buffer_size):
 
         # According to http://stackoverflow.com/a/38061619/724872, we
         # cannot use standard package gzip here.
-        m = subprocess.Popen([zcat_cmd, image_filename], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-        m.stdout.read(16)  # skip some magic bytes
+        tmp_image_file = tempfile.TemporaryFile(prefix='paddle_dataset')
+        m = subprocess.Popen(
+            [zcat_cmd, image_filename], stdout=tmp_image_file).communicate()
+        tmp_image_file.seek(16)  # skip some magic bytes
 
-        l = subprocess.Popen([zcat_cmd, label_filename], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-        l.stdout.read(8)  # skip some magic bytes
+        # Python3 will not take stdout as file
+        tmp_label_file = tempfile.TemporaryFile(prefix='paddle_dataset')
+        l = subprocess.Popen(
+            [zcat_cmd, label_filename], stdout=tmp_label_file).communicate()
+        tmp_label_file.seek(8)  # skip some magic bytes
 
         try:  # reader could be break.
             while True:
                 labels = numpy.fromfile(
-                    l.stdout, 'ubyte', count=buffer_size).astype("int")
+                    tmp_label_file, 'ubyte', count=buffer_size).astype("int")
 
                 if labels.size != buffer_size:
                     break  # numpy.fromfile returns empty slice after EOF.
 
                 images = numpy.fromfile(
-                    m.stdout, 'ubyte', count=buffer_size * 28 * 28).reshape(
-                        (buffer_size, 28 * 28)).astype('float32')
+                    tmp_image_file, 'ubyte', count=buffer_size * 28 *
+                    28).reshape((buffer_size, 28 * 28)).astype('float32')
 
                 images = images / 255.0 * 2.0 - 1.0
 

python/paddle/dataset/movielens.py

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ import paddle.dataset.common
 import re
 import random
 import functools
+import six
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 
 __all__ = [
     'train', 'test', 'get_movie_title_dict', 'max_movie_id', 'max_user_id',
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ def __initialize_meta_info__():
                 categories_set = set()
                 with package.open('ml-1m/movies.dat') as movie_file:
                     for i, line in enumerate(movie_file):
+                        line = cpt.to_text(line, encoding='latin')
                         movie_id, title, categories = line.strip().split('::')
                         categories = categories.split('|')
                         for c in categories:
@@ -136,6 +139,7 @@ def __initialize_meta_info__():
                 USER_INFO = dict()
                 with package.open('ml-1m/users.dat') as user_file:
                     for line in user_file:
+                        line = cpt.to_text(line, encoding='latin')
                         uid, gender, age, job, _ = line.strip().split("::")
                         USER_INFO[int(uid)] = UserInfo(
                             index=uid, gender=gender, age=age, job_id=job)
@@ -148,6 +152,7 @@ def __reader__(rand_seed=0, test_ratio=0.1, is_test=False):
     with zipfile.ZipFile(file=fn) as package:
         with package.open('ml-1m/ratings.dat') as rating:
             for line in rating:
+                line = cpt.to_text(line, encoding='latin')
                 if (rand.random() < test_ratio) == is_test:
                     uid, mov_id, rating, _ = line.strip().split("::")
                     uid = int(uid)
@@ -187,7 +192,7 @@ def max_movie_id():
     Get the maximum value of movie id.
     """
     __initialize_meta_info__()
-    return reduce(__max_index_info__, list(MOVIE_INFO.values())).index
+    return six.moves.reduce(__max_index_info__, list(MOVIE_INFO.values())).index
 
 
 def max_user_id():
@@ -195,7 +200,7 @@ def max_user_id():
     Get the maximum value of user id.
     """
     __initialize_meta_info__()
-    return reduce(__max_index_info__, list(USER_INFO.values())).index
+    return six.moves.reduce(__max_index_info__, list(USER_INFO.values())).index
 
 
 def __max_job_id_impl__(a, b):
@@ -210,7 +215,8 @@ def max_job_id():
     Get the maximum value of job id.
     """
     __initialize_meta_info__()
-    return reduce(__max_job_id_impl__, list(USER_INFO.values())).job_id
+    return six.moves.reduce(__max_job_id_impl__,
+                            list(USER_INFO.values())).job_id
 
 
 def movie_categories():

python/paddle/dataset/sentiment.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ The script fetch and preprocess movie_reviews data set that provided by NLTK
 TODO(yuyang18): Complete dataset.
 """
 
+import six
 import collections
 from itertools import chain
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ def get_word_dict():
         for field in movie_reviews.fileids(category):
             for words in movie_reviews.words(field):
                 word_freq_dict[words] += 1
-    words_sort_list = list(word_freq_dict.items())
+    words_sort_list = six.iteritems(word_freq_dict)
     words_sort_list.sort(cmp=lambda a, b: b[1] - a[1])
     for index, word in enumerate(words_sort_list):
         words_freq_sorted.append((word[0], index))

python/paddle/dataset/tests/common_test.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import paddle.dataset.common
 import unittest
 import tempfile
 import glob
+from six.moves import range
 
 
 class TestCommon(unittest.TestCase):

python/paddle/dataset/uci_housing.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ parse training set and test set into paddle reader creators.
 import os
 
 import numpy as np
+import six
 import tempfile
 import tarfile
 import os
@@ -70,11 +71,11 @@ def load_data(filename, feature_num=14, ratio=0.8):
         return
 
     data = np.fromfile(filename, sep=' ')
-    data = data.reshape(data.shape[0] / feature_num, feature_num)
+    data = data.reshape(data.shape[0] // feature_num, feature_num)
     maximums, minimums, avgs = data.max(axis=0), data.min(axis=0), data.sum(
         axis=0) / data.shape[0]
     feature_range(maximums[:-1], minimums[:-1])
-    for i in range(feature_num - 1):
+    for i in six.moves.range(feature_num - 1):
         data[:, i] = (data[:, i] - avgs[i]) / (maximums[i] - minimums[i])
     offset = int(data.shape[0] * ratio)
     UCI_TRAIN_DATA = data[:offset]
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ def predict_reader():
     It returns just one tuple data to do inference.
 
     :return: one tuple data
-    :rtype: tuple 
+    :rtype: tuple
     """
     global UCI_TEST_DATA
     load_data(paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, 'uci_housing', MD5))

python/paddle/dataset/wmt14.py

@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@ http://paddlepaddle.cdn.bcebos.com/demo/wmt_shrinked_data/wmt14.tgz and
 parse training set and test set into paddle reader creators.
 
 """
+import six
 import tarfile
 import gzip
 
 import paddle.dataset.common
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 
 __all__ = [
     'train',
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ def __read_to_dict(tar_file, dict_size):
         out_dict = dict()
         for line_count, line in enumerate(fd):
             if line_count < size:
-                out_dict[line.strip()] = line_count
+                out_dict[cpt.to_text(line.strip())] = line_count
             else:
                 break
         return out_dict
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ def reader_creator(tar_file, file_name, dict_size):
             ]
             for name in names:
                 for line in f.extractfile(name):
-                    line_split = line.strip().split('\t')
+                    line_split = line.strip().split(six.b('\t'))
                     if len(line_split) != 2:
                         continue
                     src_seq = line_split[0]  # one source sequence
@@ -153,8 +155,8 @@ def get_dict(dict_size, reverse=True):
     tar_file = paddle.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN)
     src_dict, trg_dict = __read_to_dict(tar_file, dict_size)
     if reverse:
-        src_dict = {v: k for k, v in list(src_dict.items())}
-        trg_dict = {v: k for k, v in list(trg_dict.items())}
+        src_dict = {v: k for k, v in six.iteritems(src_dict)}
+        trg_dict = {v: k for k, v in six.iteritems(trg_dict)}
     return src_dict, trg_dict
 
 

python/paddle/dataset/wmt16.py

@@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ Multi30K: Multilingual English-German Image Descriptions.
 """
 
 import os
+import six
 import tarfile
 import gzip
 from collections import defaultdict
 
 import paddle.dataset.common
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 
 __all__ = [
     "train",
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ def __build_dict(tar_file, dict_size, save_path, lang):
     word_dict = defaultdict(int)
     with tarfile.open(tar_file, mode="r") as f:
         for line in f.extractfile("wmt16/train"):
-            line_split = line.strip().split("\t")
+            line_split = line.strip().split(six.b("\t"))
             if len(line_split) != 2: continue
             sen = line_split[0] if lang == "en" else line_split[1]
             for w in sen.split():
@@ -70,8 +72,7 @@ def __build_dict(tar_file, dict_size, save_path, lang):
         fout.write("%s\n%s\n%s\n" % (START_MARK, END_MARK, UNK_MARK))
         for idx, word in enumerate(
                 sorted(
-                    iter(list(word_dict.items())),
-                    key=lambda x: x[1],
+                    six.iteritems(word_dict), key=lambda x: x[1],
                     reverse=True)):
             if idx + 3 == dict_size: break
             fout.write("%s\n" % (word[0]))
@@ -81,16 +82,16 @@ def __load_dict(tar_file, dict_size, lang, reverse=False):
     dict_path = os.path.join(paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME,
                              "wmt16/%s_%d.dict" % (lang, dict_size))
     if not os.path.exists(dict_path) or (
-            len(open(dict_path, "r").readlines()) != dict_size):
+            len(open(dict_path, "rb").readlines()) != dict_size):
         __build_dict(tar_file, dict_size, dict_path, lang)
 
     word_dict = {}
-    with open(dict_path, "r") as fdict:
+    with open(dict_path, "rb") as fdict:
         for idx, line in enumerate(fdict):
             if reverse:
-                word_dict[idx] = line.strip()
+                word_dict[idx] = cpt.to_text(line.strip())
             else:
-                word_dict[line.strip()] = idx
+                word_dict[cpt.to_text(line.strip())] = idx
     return word_dict
 
 
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ def reader_creator(tar_file, file_name, src_dict_size, trg_dict_size, src_lang):
 
         with tarfile.open(tar_file, mode="r") as f:
             for line in f.extractfile(file_name):
-                line_split = line.strip().split("\t")
+                line_split = line.strip().split(six.b("\t"))
                 if len(line_split) != 2:
                     continue
                 src_words = line_split[src_col].split()

python/paddle/fluid/backward.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from . import core
 import collections
 import copy
 import six
+from .. import compat as cpt
 from . import unique_name
 
 __all__ = ['append_backward']
@@ -45,13 +46,13 @@ def _create_op_desc_(op_type, inputs, outputs, attrs):
     """
     op_desc = core.OpDesc()
     op_desc.set_type(op_type)
-    for para, args in list(inputs.items()):
+    for para, args in six.iteritems(inputs):
         op_desc.set_input(
             para,
             list(
                 map(lambda arg: arg.decode() if isinstance(arg, six.binary_type) else arg,
                     args)))
-    for para, args in list(outputs.items()):
+    for para, args in six.iteritems(outputs):
         op_desc.set_output(
             para,
             list(
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ def _create_op_desc_(op_type, inputs, outputs, attrs):
     if op_role_attr_name not in attrs:
         attrs[
             op_role_attr_name] = core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Backward
-    for name, val in list(attrs.items()):
+    for name, val in six.iteritems(attrs):
         if isinstance(val, framework.Block):
             op_desc.set_block_attr(name, val.desc)
         else:
@@ -75,10 +76,10 @@ def _infer_var_data_type_(grad_var_name, block):
     """
     Infer the data type of given grad variable
     """
-    grad_var = block.desc.find_var(grad_var_name.encode("ascii"))
-    fwd_name = _strip_grad_suffix_(grad_var_name.encode("ascii"))
-    if block.desc.has_var_recursive(fwd_name):
-        fwd_var = block.desc.find_var_recursive(fwd_name.encode("ascii"))
+    grad_var = block.desc.find_var(cpt.to_bytes(grad_var_name))
+    fwd_name = _strip_grad_suffix_(grad_var_name)
+    if block.desc.has_var_recursive(cpt.to_bytes(fwd_name)):
+        fwd_var = block.desc.find_var_recursive(cpt.to_bytes(fwd_name))
         grad_var.set_dtype(fwd_var.dtype())
     else:
         grad_var.set_dtype(core.VarDesc.VarType.FP32)
@@ -102,8 +103,10 @@ def _some_in_set_(cands, s):
     """
     if len(cands) == 0:
         return False
-    for c in cands:
-        if c in s:
+    literal_set = cpt.to_text(s)
+    literal_cands = cpt.to_text(cands)
+    for c in literal_cands:
+        if c in literal_set:
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -114,9 +117,8 @@ def _strip_grad_suffix_(name):
     e.g. x@GRAD ==> x
          y@GRAD@RENAME@1 ==> y
     """
-    if isinstance(name, six.text_type):
-        name = name.encode()
-    pos = name.find(six.b(core.grad_var_suffix()))
+    name = cpt.to_text(name)
+    pos = name.find(core.grad_var_suffix())
     return name[:pos] if pos != -1 else name
 
 
@@ -125,9 +127,7 @@ def _append_grad_suffix_(name):
     Append grad suffix to the given variable name
     e.g. x ==> x@GRAD
     """
-    if isinstance(name, six.text_type):
-        name = name.encode()
-    return name + six.b(core.grad_var_suffix())
+    return cpt.to_text(name) + core.grad_var_suffix()
 
 
 def _addup_repetitive_outputs_(op_descs):
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ def _addup_repetitive_outputs_(op_descs):
                     op_desc.set_output(param_name, arg_names)
                     renamed_vars[var_name].append(new_name)
 
-    for var_name, inputs in list(renamed_vars.items()):
+    for var_name, inputs in six.iteritems(renamed_vars):
         if len(inputs) > 1:
             pending_sum_ops.append(
                 (_create_op_desc_("sum", {"X": inputs}, {"Out": [var_name]},
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ from .proto import framework_pb2
 
 def serialize_op_decs(op_desc):
     protostr = op_desc.serialize_to_string()
-    proto = framework_pb2.OpDesc.FromString(str(protostr))
+    proto = framework_pb2.OpDesc.FromString(six.binary_type(protostr))
     return proto.__str__()
 
 
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ def _append_backward_ops_(block,
 
         # Getting op's corresponding grad_op
         grad_op_desc, op_grad_to_var = core.get_grad_op_desc(
-            op.desc, no_grad_dict[block.idx], grad_sub_block_list)
+            op.desc, cpt.to_text(no_grad_dict[block.idx]), grad_sub_block_list)
 
         grad_op_descs.extend(grad_op_desc)
         grad_to_var.update(op_grad_to_var)
@@ -411,11 +411,10 @@ def _append_backward_vars_(block, start_op_idx, grad_to_var, grad_info_map):
         new_vars = set()
         # create new gradient variables
         for grad_var_name in op_desc.output_arg_names():
-            grad_var_name = grad_var_name.encode("ascii")
-            if block.desc.has_var_recursive(
-                    grad_var_name) or grad_var_name == core.empty_var_name():
+            if block.desc.has_var_recursive(cpt.to_bytes(
+                    grad_var_name)) or grad_var_name == core.empty_var_name():
                 continue
-            block.desc.var(grad_var_name)
+            block.desc.var(cpt.to_bytes(grad_var_name))
             new_vars.add(grad_var_name)
             if grad_var_name not in grad_to_var:
                 continue
@@ -445,7 +444,7 @@ def _rename_grad_(block, start_op_idx, grad_to_var, target_grad_map):
                 op_desc.rename_output(name, new_name)
                 var_map[name] = new_name
 
-    for g, ng in list(var_map.items()):
+    for g, ng in six.iteritems(var_map):
         if g in grad_to_var:
             grad_to_var[ng] = grad_to_var[g]
             grad_to_var.pop(g)
@@ -595,11 +594,12 @@ def append_backward(loss, parameter_list=None, no_grad_set=None,
         parameters = parameter_list
     else:
         params = program.global_block().all_parameters()
+        program.global_block().iter_parameters()
         parameters = [param.name for param in params]
 
     params_and_grads = []
     for param in parameters:
-        if param not in grad_info_map:
+        if cpt.to_text(param) not in grad_info_map:
             continue
         grad_info = grad_info_map[param]
         grad_block = grad_info[1]

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/memory_usage_calc.py

@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@
 """
 This module privides a memory usage calculate function for user.
 The purpose of this API is to allow users to estimate memory usage of
-a program under a special batch size, then user can set appropriate 
-batch size to fully utilize a GPU. 
+a program under a special batch size, then user can set appropriate
+batch size to fully utilize a GPU.
 
 This API is still under active development and may change drastically.
 """
 
+import six
+
 from .. import core
 from ..framework import Program, Variable
 
@@ -45,15 +47,15 @@ def memory_usage(program, batch_size):
 
     Args:
         program(Program): The current Program.
-        batch_size(int): The current input data batch_size.  
-    
+        batch_size(int): The current input data batch_size.
+
     Returns:
         min_total_memory(float): the estimate memory usage lower bound.
         max_total_memory(float): the estimate memory usage upper bound.
         unit_str(string): the unit of estimate usage result.
-    
+
     Examples:
-        
+
         >>> import paddle.fluid as fluid
         >>> lower_usage, upper_usage, unit = fluid.contrib.memory_usage(
                 fluid.default_main_program(), batch_size=10)
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ def memory_usage(program, batch_size):
 
     # Get the var_name list of first block and calculate
     total_memory = 0.0
-    for var in program.global_block().vars.itervalues():
+    for var in six.itervalues(program.global_block().vars):
         data_count = 1
         for x in var.shape:
             if x == -1:
@@ -81,10 +83,10 @@ def memory_usage(program, batch_size):
                 data_count *= x
         var_memory = data_count * dtype_to_size[var.dtype]
         if DEBUG:
-            print "%s memory usage: %d" % (var.name, var_memory)
+            print("%s memory usage: %d" % (var.name, var_memory))
         total_memory += var_memory
     if DEBUG:
-        print "total memory usage: %.2f" % (total_memory)
+        print("total memory usage: %.2f" % (total_memory))
 
     # Convert appropriate unit
     unit_str = "B"

python/paddle/fluid/debugger.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import sys
+import six
 import re
 from .graphviz import GraphPreviewGenerator
 from .proto import framework_pb2
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ def draw_block_graphviz(block, highlights=None, path="./temp.dot"):
     graph = GraphPreviewGenerator("some graph")
     # collect parameters and args
     protostr = block.desc.serialize_to_string()
-    desc = framework_pb2.BlockDesc.FromString(str(protostr))
+    desc = framework_pb2.BlockDesc.FromString(six.binary_type(protostr))
 
     def need_highlight(name):
         if highlights is None: return False

python/paddle/fluid/executor.py

@@ -320,8 +320,9 @@ class Executor(object):
         # append fetch_operators
         if not has_fetch_operators(global_block, fetch_list, fetch_var_name):
             for i, var in enumerate(fetch_list):
-                assert isinstance(var, Variable) or isinstance(var, str), (
-                    "Wrong type for fetch_list[%s]: %s" % (i, type(var)))
+                assert isinstance(var, Variable) or isinstance(
+                    var, six.string_types), (
+                        "Wrong type for fetch_list[%s]: %s" % (i, type(var)))
                 global_block.append_op(
                     type='fetch',
                     inputs={'X': [var]},
@@ -346,7 +347,7 @@ class Executor(object):
     def _fetch_data(self, fetch_list, fetch_var_name, scope):
         outs = [
             core.get_fetch_variable(scope, fetch_var_name, i)
-            for i in range(len(fetch_list))
+            for i in six.moves.range(len(fetch_list))
         ]
         return outs
 

python/paddle/fluid/framework.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import six
 
 import numpy as np
 
+from .. import compat as cpt
 from .proto import framework_pb2
 try:
     from . import core
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ except ImportError as e:
         """NOTE: You may need to run \"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH\"
     if you encounters \"libmkldnn.so not found\" errors. If you have python
     installed in other directory, replace \"/usr/local/lib\" with your own
-    directory. The original error is: \n""" + e.message)
+    directory. The original error is: \n""" + cpt.get_exception_message(e))
 except Exception as e:
     raise e
 from . import unique_name
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ def convert_np_dtype_to_dtype_(np_dtype):
     elif dtype == np.uint8:
         return core.VarDesc.VarType.UINT8
     else:
-        raise ValueError("Not supported numpy dtype " + six.binary_type(dtype))
+        raise ValueError("Not supported numpy dtype %s" % dtype)
 
 
 def dtype_is_floating(dtype):
@@ -198,11 +199,11 @@ class Variable(object):
         if name is None:
             name = unique_name.generate('_generated_var')
         is_new_var = False
-        name = name if isinstance(name, six.binary_type) else name.encode()
-        self.desc = self.block.desc.find_var(name)
+        name = cpt.to_text(name)
+        self.desc = self.block.desc.find_var(cpt.to_bytes(name))
 
         if self.desc is None:
-            self.desc = self.block.desc.var(name)
+            self.desc = self.block.desc.var(cpt.to_bytes(name))
             is_new_var = True
 
         if is_new_var:
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ class Variable(object):
 
     @property
     def name(self):
-        return self.desc.name()
+        return cpt.to_text(self.desc.name())
 
     @name.setter
     def name(self, new_name):
@@ -531,14 +532,7 @@ class Operator(object):
                         elif isinstance(arg, six.binary_type):
                             in_arg_names.append(arg.decode())
                         else:
-                            if isinstance(arg.name, six.string_types):
-                                in_arg_names.append(arg.name)
-                            elif isinstance(arg.name, six.binary_type):
-                                in_arg_names.append(arg.name.decode())
-                            else:
-                                raise TypeError(
-                                    "arguments require unicode, str or bytes, but get %s instead."
-                                    % (type(arg.name)))
+                            in_arg_names.append(cpt.to_text(arg.name))
                     self.desc.set_input(in_proto.name, in_arg_names)
                 else:
                     self.desc.set_input(in_proto.name, [])
@@ -567,14 +561,7 @@ class Operator(object):
                         (out_proto.name, len(out_args)))
                 out_arg_names = []
                 for arg in out_args:
-                    if isinstance(arg.name, six.string_types):
-                        out_arg_names.append(arg.name)
-                    elif isinstance(arg.name, six.binary_type):
-                        out_arg_names.append(arg.name.decode())
-                    else:
-                        raise TypeError(
-                            "arguments require unicode, str or bytes, but get %s instead."
-                            % (type(arg.name)))
+                    out_arg_names.append(cpt.to_text(arg.name))
                     arg.op = self
                 self.desc.set_output(out_proto.name, out_arg_names)
 
@@ -970,10 +957,9 @@ class Block(object):
             Variable: the Variable with the giving name.
         """
         if not isinstance(name, six.string_types):
-            if not isinstance(name, six.binary_type):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "var require string as parameter, but get %s instead." %
-                    (type(name)))
+            raise TypeError(
+                "var require string as parameter, but get %s instead." %
+                (type(name)))
         v = self.vars.get(name, None)
         if v is None:
             raise ValueError("var %s not in this block" % name)
@@ -1024,7 +1010,7 @@ class Block(object):
         return list(self.iter_parameters())
 
     def iter_parameters(self):
-        return (item[1] for item in list(self.vars.items())
+        return (item[1] for item in six.iteritems(self.vars)
                 if isinstance(item[1], Parameter))
 
     def create_var(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -1052,6 +1038,9 @@ class Block(object):
         Returns:
             Variable: the Variable with the giving name.
         """
+        name = cpt.to_text(name)
+        new_name = cpt.to_text(new_name)
+
         if not self.has_var(name):
             raise ValueError("var %s is not in current block" % name)
         v = self.var(name)
@@ -1070,9 +1059,9 @@ class Block(object):
         else:
             raise ValueError("unsupported var type: %s", type(v))
         orig_var_type = v.type
-        self.desc._rename_var(name, new_name)
+        self.desc._rename_var(cpt.to_bytes(name), cpt.to_bytes(new_name))
         # NOTE: v is destroyed by C++ after calling _rename_var.
-        d = self.desc.find_var(new_name)
+        d = self.desc.find_var(cpt.to_bytes(new_name))
         if var_type == "Parameter":
             var = Parameter(
                 self,
@@ -1103,7 +1092,7 @@ class Block(object):
 
     def _remove_var(self, name):
         self._sync_with_cpp()
-        self.desc._remove_var(name)
+        self.desc._remove_var(cpt.to_bytes(name))
         del self.vars[name]
 
     def create_parameter(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -1205,7 +1194,7 @@ class Block(object):
 
         # sync variables removed from c++ end
         for var in list(self.vars.keys()):
-            if not self.desc.find_var(var):
+            if not self.desc.find_var(cpt.to_bytes(var)):
                 self.vars.pop(var)
 
         # sync operators from cpp
@@ -1576,7 +1565,9 @@ class Program(object):
             p.current_block_idx = self.current_block_idx
             p._seed = self._seed
             p.desc = core.ProgramDesc(self.desc)
-            p.blocks = [Block(p, i) for i in xrange(self.desc.num_blocks())]
+            p.blocks = [
+                Block(p, i) for i in six.moves.range(self.desc.num_blocks())
+            ]
 
             p._current_role = self._current_role
             p._op_role_var = self._op_role_var
@@ -1632,7 +1623,9 @@ class Program(object):
             targets_idx.append([t.block.idx, t.idx])
         res = Program()
         res.desc = core.prune(self.desc, targets_idx)
-        res.blocks = [Block(res, i) for i in range(res.desc.num_blocks())]
+        res.blocks = [
+            Block(res, i) for i in six.moves.range(res.desc.num_blocks())
+        ]
         res._sync_with_cpp()
         return res
 
@@ -1675,16 +1668,18 @@ class Program(object):
                 root_block._remove_op(0, read_op_idx + 1)
             for var in root_block.all_vars():
                 if var.type() == core.VarDesc.VarType.READER:
-                    root_block._remove_var(var.name())
+                    root_block._remove_var(cpt.to_bytes(var.name()))
 
         # change all `is_test` attributes to True
-        for i in range(res.desc.num_blocks()):
+        for i in six.moves.range(res.desc.num_blocks()):
             block = res.desc.block(i)
-            for j in range(block.op_size()):
+            for j in six.moves.range(block.op_size()):
                 op = block.op(j)
                 if op.has_attr('is_test'):
                     op.set_attr('is_test', True)
-        res.blocks = [Block(res, i) for i in range(res.desc.num_blocks())]
+        res.blocks = [
+            Block(res, i) for i in six.moves.range(res.desc.num_blocks())
+        ]
         res._sync_with_cpp()
         return res
 
@@ -1704,7 +1699,7 @@ class Program(object):
         """
         p = Program()
         p.desc = core.ProgramDesc(binary_str)
-        p.blocks = [Block(p, i) for i in range(p.desc.num_blocks())]
+        p.blocks = [Block(p, i) for i in six.moves.range(p.desc.num_blocks())]
         p._sync_with_cpp()
         return p
 

python/paddle/fluid/graphviz.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import os
 import random
 import six
+import functools
 import subprocess
 import logging
 
@@ -105,8 +106,9 @@ class Graph(object):
 
     def _rank_repr(self):
         ranks = sorted(
-            list(self.rank_groups.items()),
-            cmp=lambda a, b: a[1].priority > b[1].priority)
+            six.iteritems(self.rank_groups),
+            key=functools.cmp_to_key(
+                lambda a, b: a[1].priority > b[1].priority))
         repr = []
         for x in ranks:
             repr.append(str(x[1]))
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ class Node(object):
             name=self.name,
             label=self.label,
             extra=',' + ','.join("%s=%s" % (key, crepr(value))
-                                 for key, value in list(self.attrs.items()))
+                                 for key, value in six.iteritems(self.attrs))
             if self.attrs else "")
         return reprs
 
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ class Edge(object):
             target=self.target.name,
             extra="" if not self.attrs else
             "[" + ','.join("{}={}".format(attr[0], crepr(attr[1]))
-                           for attr in list(self.attrs.items())) + "]")
+                           for attr in six.iteritems(self.attrs)) + "]")
         return repr
 
 

python/paddle/fluid/io.py

@@ -603,25 +603,15 @@ def save_inference_model(dirname,
             # "./infer_model".
 
     """
-    if isinstance(feeded_var_names, six.binary_type):
+    if isinstance(feeded_var_names, six.string_types):
         feeded_var_names = [feeded_var_names]
-    elif isinstance(feeded_var_names, six.text_type):
-        feeded_var_names = [feeded_var_names.encode()]
     else:
         if len(feeded_var_names) > 0:
             # TODO(paddle-dev): polish these code blocks
             if not (bool(feeded_var_names) and all(
-                    isinstance(name, six.binary_type)
+                    isinstance(name, six.string_types)
                     for name in feeded_var_names)):
-                if not (all(
-                        isinstance(name, six.text_type)
-                        for name in feeded_var_names)):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "'feed_var_names' should be a list of str.")
-                else:
-                    feeded_var_names = [
-                        name.encode() for name in feeded_var_names
-                    ]
+                raise ValueError("'feed_var_names' should be a list of str.")
 
     if isinstance(target_vars, Variable):
         target_vars = [target_vars]

python/paddle/fluid/layer_helper.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class LayerHelper(object):
             raise ValueError("parameter number mismatch")
         elif len(param_attr) == 1 and length != 1:
             tmp = [None] * length
-            for i in range(length):
+            for i in six.moves.range(length):
                 tmp[i] = copy.deepcopy(param_attr[0])
             param_attr = tmp
         return param_attr

python/paddle/fluid/layers/control_flow.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from ..initializer import force_init_on_cpu
 from .ops import logical_and, logical_not, logical_or
 import numpy
 import warnings
+import six
 from functools import reduce
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -602,7 +603,7 @@ class StaticRNN(object):
         boot_memories = []
         pre_memories = []
         memories = []
-        for _, mem in list(self.memories.items()):
+        for _, mem in six.iteritems(self.memories):
             boot_memories.append(mem.init)
             pre_memories.append(mem.pre_mem.name)
             mem_var = rnn_block.var(mem.mem.name)

python/paddle/fluid/layers/detection.py

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ from ..layer_helper import LayerHelper
 from . import tensor
 from . import nn
 from . import ops
+from ... import compat as cpt
 import math
+import six
 import numpy
 from functools import reduce
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ def rpn_target_assign(loc,
             examples.
 
     Returns:
-        tuple: 
+        tuple:
                A tuple(predicted_scores, predicted_location, target_label,
                target_bbox) is returned. The predicted_scores and
                predicted_location is the predicted result of the RPN.
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ def rpn_target_assign(loc,
                anchors. The predicted_scores is a 2D Tensor with shape
                [F + B, 1], and the shape of target_label is same as the shape
                of the predicted_scores, B is the number of the background
-               anchors, the F and B is depends on the input of this operator. 
+               anchors, the F and B is depends on the input of this operator.
 
     Examples:
         .. code-block:: python
@@ -232,8 +234,8 @@ def detection_output(loc,
         nms_eta(float): The parameter for adaptive NMS.
 
     Returns:
-        Variable: 
-        
+        Variable:
+
             The detection outputs is a LoDTensor with shape [No, 6].
             Each row has six values: [label, confidence, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax].
             `No` is the total number of detections in this mini-batch. For each
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ def target_assign(input,
 
     Assumed that the row offset for each instance in `neg_indices` is called neg_lod,
     for i-th instance and each `id` of neg_indices in this instance:
-    
+
     .. code-block:: text
 
         out[i][id][0 : K] = {mismatch_value, mismatch_value, ...}
@@ -522,11 +524,11 @@ def target_assign(input,
        mismatch_value (float32): Fill this value to the mismatched location.
 
     Returns:
-        tuple: 
-               A tuple(out, out_weight) is returned. out is a 3D Tensor with 
-               shape [N, P, K], N and P is the same as they are in 
-               `neg_indices`, K is the same as it in input of X. If 
-               `match_indices[i][j]`. out_weight is the weight for output with 
+        tuple:
+               A tuple(out, out_weight) is returned. out is a 3D Tensor with
+               shape [N, P, K], N and P is the same as they are in
+               `neg_indices`, K is the same as it in input of X. If
+               `match_indices[i][j]`. out_weight is the weight for output with
                the shape of [N, P, 1].
 
     Examples:
@@ -834,7 +836,7 @@ def prior_box(input,
        offset(float): Prior boxes center offset. Default: 0.5
        name(str): Name of the prior box op. Default: None.
        min_max_aspect_ratios_order(bool): If set True, the output prior box is
-            in order of [min, max, aspect_ratios], which is consistent with 
+            in order of [min, max, aspect_ratios], which is consistent with
             Caffe. Please note, this order affects the weights order of
             convolution layer followed by and does not affect the final
             detection results. Default: False.
@@ -977,7 +979,7 @@ def multi_box_head(inputs,
        stride(int|list|tuple): The stride of conv2d. Default:1,
        name(str): Name of the prior box layer. Default: None.
        min_max_aspect_ratios_order(bool): If set True, the output prior box is
-            in order of [min, max, aspect_ratios], which is consistent with 
+            in order of [min, max, aspect_ratios], which is consistent with
             Caffe. Please note, this order affects the weights order of
             convolution layer followed by and does not affect the fininal
             detection results. Default: False.
@@ -1039,7 +1041,7 @@ def multi_box_head(inputs,
         min_sizes = []
         max_sizes = []
         step = int(math.floor(((max_ratio - min_ratio)) / (num_layer - 2)))
-        for ratio in range(min_ratio, max_ratio + 1, step):
+        for ratio in six.moves.range(min_ratio, max_ratio + 1, step):
             min_sizes.append(base_size * ratio / 100.)
             max_sizes.append(base_size * (ratio + step) / 100.)
         min_sizes = [base_size * .10] + min_sizes
@@ -1108,8 +1110,8 @@ def multi_box_head(inputs,
 
         mbox_loc = nn.transpose(mbox_loc, perm=[0, 2, 3, 1])
         compile_shape = [
-            mbox_loc.shape[0],
-            mbox_loc.shape[1] * mbox_loc.shape[2] * mbox_loc.shape[3] / 4, 4
+            mbox_loc.shape[0], cpt.floor_division(
+                mbox_loc.shape[1] * mbox_loc.shape[2] * mbox_loc.shape[3], 4), 4
         ]
         run_shape = tensor.assign(numpy.array([0, -1, 4]).astype("int32"))
         mbox_loc_flatten = nn.reshape(
@@ -1127,8 +1129,9 @@ def multi_box_head(inputs,
         conf_loc = nn.transpose(conf_loc, perm=[0, 2, 3, 1])
         new_shape = [0, -1, num_classes]
         compile_shape = [
-            conf_loc.shape[0], conf_loc.shape[1] * conf_loc.shape[2] *
-            conf_loc.shape[3] / num_classes, num_classes
+            conf_loc.shape[0],
+            cpt.floor_division(conf_loc.shape[1] * conf_loc.shape[2] *
+                               conf_loc.shape[3], num_classes), num_classes
         ]
         run_shape = tensor.assign(
             numpy.array([0, -1, num_classes]).astype("int32"))

python/paddle/fluid/layers/io.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import contextlib
 import multiprocessing
+import six
 import threading
 
 from ..data_feeder import DataFeeder
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ def data(name,
     """
     helper = LayerHelper('data', **locals())
     shape = list(shape)
-    for i in range(len(shape)):
+    for i in six.moves.range(len(shape)):
         if shape[i] is None:
             shape[i] = -1
             append_batch_size = False
@@ -674,7 +675,7 @@ def py_reader(capacity,
 
         def __tensor_provider__():
             for slots in paddle_reader():
-                yield [slots[str(idx)] for idx in xrange(counter)]
+                yield [slots[str(idx)] for idx in six.moves.xrange(counter)]
 
         __set_tensor_provider__(__tensor_provider__)
 
@@ -750,7 +751,7 @@ def open_files(filenames,
     else:
         buffer_size = int(buffer_size)
 
-    if isinstance(filenames, basestring):
+    if isinstance(filenames, six.string_types):
         filenames = [filenames]
     dtypes = [convert_np_dtype_to_dtype_(dt) for dt in dtypes]
     shape_concat = []
@@ -1005,7 +1006,7 @@ class Preprocessor(object):
         source_lod_levels = self.underlying_reader.desc.lod_levels()
         self.source_var_names = [
             unique_name("preprocessor_source")
-            for _ in range(len(source_shapes))
+            for _ in six.moves.range(len(source_shapes))
         ]
         source_vars = []
         for var_name, shape, dtype, lod_level in zip(

python/paddle/fluid/layers/nn.py

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ def dynamic_lstm(input,
     """
 
     helper = LayerHelper('lstm', **locals())
-    size = size / 4
+    size = size // 4
     weight = helper.create_parameter(
         attr=helper.param_attr, shape=[size, 4 * size], dtype=dtype)
     bias_size = [1, 7 * size]
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ def dynamic_lstmp(input,
     """
 
     helper = LayerHelper('lstmp', **locals())
-    size = size / 4
+    size = size // 4
     weight = helper.create_parameter(
         attr=helper.param_attr, shape=[proj_size, 4 * size], dtype=dtype)
     proj_weight = helper.create_parameter(
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ def gru_unit(input,
 
     helper = LayerHelper('gru_unit', **locals())
     dtype = helper.input_dtype()
-    size = size / 3
+    size = size // 3
 
     # create weight
     weight = helper.create_parameter(
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ def sequence_conv(input,
         outputs={"Out": pre_bias},
         attrs={
             'contextStride': filter_stride,
-            'contextStart': -int(filter_size / 2),
+            'contextStart': -int(filter_size // 2),
             'contextLength': filter_size
         })
     pre_act = helper.append_bias_op(pre_bias)
@@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ def conv2d(input,
     else:
         if num_channels % groups != 0:
             raise ValueError("num_channels must be divisible by groups.")
-        num_filter_channels = num_channels / groups
+        num_filter_channels = num_channels // groups
 
     filter_size = utils.convert_to_list(filter_size, 2, 'filter_size')
     stride = utils.convert_to_list(stride, 2, 'stride')
@@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@ def conv2d(input,
         raise ValueError("use_cudnn should be True or False")
 
     input_shape = input.shape
-    filter_shape = [num_filters, num_filter_channels] + filter_size
+    filter_shape = [num_filters, int(num_filter_channels)] + filter_size
 
     def _get_default_param_initializer():
         std = (2.0 / (filter_size[0]**2 * num_channels))**0.5
@@ -1658,7 +1658,7 @@ def conv3d(input,
     else:
         if num_channels % groups != 0:
             raise ValueError("num_channels must be divisible by groups.")
-        num_filter_channels = num_channels / groups
+        num_filter_channels = num_channels // groups
 
     filter_size = utils.convert_to_list(filter_size, 3, 'filter_size')
     stride = utils.convert_to_list(stride, 3, 'stride')
@@ -2393,16 +2393,16 @@ def conv2d_transpose(input,
         w_in = input.shape[3]
 
         filter_size_h = (output_size[0] - (h_in - 1) * stride[0] + 2 *
-                         padding[0] - 1) / dilation[0] + 1
+                         padding[0] - 1) // dilation[0] + 1
         filter_size_w = (output_size[1] - (w_in - 1) * stride[1] + 2 *
-                         padding[1] - 1) / dilation[1] + 1
+                         padding[1] - 1) // dilation[1] + 1
         filter_size = [filter_size_h, filter_size_w]
     else:
         filter_size = utils.convert_to_list(filter_size, 2,
                                             'conv2d_transpose.filter_size')
 
     groups = 1 if groups is None else groups
-    filter_shape = [input_channel, num_filters / groups] + filter_size
+    filter_shape = [input_channel, num_filters // groups] + filter_size
     img_filter = helper.create_parameter(
         dtype=input.dtype, shape=filter_shape, attr=helper.param_attr)
 
@@ -2560,18 +2560,18 @@ def conv3d_transpose(input,
         w_in = input.shape[4]
 
         filter_size_d = (output_size[0] - (d_in - 1) * stride[0] + 2 *
-                         padding[0] - 1) / dilation[0] + 1
+                         padding[0] - 1) // dilation[0] + 1
         filter_size_h = (output_size[1] - (h_in - 1) * stride[1] + 2 *
-                         padding[1] - 1) / dilation[1] + 1
+                         padding[1] - 1) // dilation[1] + 1
         filter_size_w = (output_size[2] - (w_in - 1) * stride[2] + 2 *
-                         padding[2] - 1) / dilation[2] + 1
+                         padding[2] - 1) // dilation[2] + 1
         filter_size = [filter_size_d, filter_size_h, filter_size_w]
     else:
         filter_size = utils.convert_to_list(filter_size, 3,
                                             'conv3d_transpose.filter_size')
 
     groups = 1 if groups is None else groups
-    filter_shape = [input_channel, num_filters / groups] + filter_size
+    filter_shape = [input_channel, num_filters // groups] + filter_size
     img_filter = helper.create_parameter(
         dtype=input.dtype, shape=filter_shape, attr=helper.param_attr)
 
@@ -2678,15 +2678,15 @@ def beam_search(pre_ids,
 
     Refer to `Beam search <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_search>`_
     for more details.
-    
-    This layer does the search in beams for one time step. Specifically, it 
+
+    This layer does the search in beams for one time step. Specifically, it
     selects the top-K candidate word ids of current step from :attr:`ids`
     according to their :attr:`scores` for all source sentences, where K is
     :attr:`beam_size` and :attr:`ids, scores` are predicted results from the
     computation cell. Additionally, :attr:`pre_ids` and :attr:`pre_scores` are
     the output of beam_search at previous step, they are needed for special use
     to handle ended candidate translations.
- 
+
     Note that the :attr:`scores` passed in should be accumulated scores, and
     length penalty should be done with extra operators before calculating the
     accumulated scores if needed, also suggest finding top-K before it and
@@ -3887,7 +3887,7 @@ def nce(input,
 def hsigmoid(input, label, num_classes, param_attr=None, bias_attr=None):
     """
     The hierarchical sigmoid operator is used to accelerate the training
-    process of language model. This operator organizes the classes into a 
+    process of language model. This operator organizes the classes into a
     complete binary tree, each leaf node represents a class(a word) and each
     internal node acts as a binary classifier. For each word there's a unique
     path from root to it's leaf node, hsigmoid calculate the cost for each
@@ -3897,9 +3897,9 @@ def hsigmoid(input, label, num_classes, param_attr=None, bias_attr=None):
 
     Refer to `Hierarchical Probabilistic Neural Network Language Model
     <http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lisa/pointeurs/hierarchical-nnlm-aistats05.pdf>`_
-    
+
     Args:
-        input (Variable): The input tensor variable with shape 
+        input (Variable): The input tensor variable with shape
             :math:`[N \\times D]`, where :math:`N` is the size of mini-batch,
             and :math:`D` is the feature size.
         label (Variable): The tensor variable contains labels of training data.
@@ -3907,7 +3907,7 @@ def hsigmoid(input, label, num_classes, param_attr=None, bias_attr=None):
         num_classes: (int), The number of classes, must not be less than 2.
         param_attr (ParamAttr|list of ParamAttr, default None): The parameter
              attribute for learnable parameters/weights of this layer.
-        bias_attr (ParamAttr|list of ParamAttr, default None):  The parameter 
+        bias_attr (ParamAttr|list of ParamAttr, default None):  The parameter
              attribute for the bias of this layer. If it is set to False, no
              bias will be applied.
 
@@ -5306,23 +5306,23 @@ def rank_loss(label, left, right, name=None):
     is a pairwise ranking model with a training sample consisting of a pair
     of documents, A and B. Label P indicates whether A is ranked higher than B
     or not:
- 
+
     P = {0, 1} or {0, 0.5, 1}, where 0.5 means that there is no information
     about the rank of the input pair.
-    
+
     Rank loss layer takes three inputs: left (o_i), right (o_j) and
     label (P_{i,j}). The inputs respectively represent RankNet's output scores
     for documents A and B and the value of label P. The following equation
     computes rank loss C_{i,j} from the inputs:
-    
+
     $$
       C_{i,j} = -\tilde{P_{ij}} * o_{i,j} + \log(1 + e^{o_{i,j}}) \\
       o_{i,j} =  o_i - o_j  \\
       \tilde{P_{i,j}} = \left \{0, 0.5, 1 \right \} \ or \ \left \{0, 1 \right \}
     $$
-    
-    Rank loss layer takes batch inputs with size batch_size (batch_size >= 1).   
- 
+
+    Rank loss layer takes batch inputs with size batch_size (batch_size >= 1).
+
     Args:
         label (Variable): Indicats whether A ranked higher than B or not.
         left (Variable): RankNet's output score for doc A.

python/paddle/fluid/metrics.py

@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
 """
 Fluid Metrics
 
-The metrics are accomplished via Python natively. 
+The metrics are accomplished via Python natively.
 """
 import numpy as np
 import copy
 import warnings
+import six
 
 __all__ = [
     'MetricBase',
@@ -79,10 +80,10 @@ class MetricBase(object):
         """
         states = {
             attr: value
-            for attr, value in list(self.__dict__.items())
+            for attr, value in six.iteritems(self.__dict__)
             if not attr.startswith("_")
         }
-        for attr, value in list(states.items()):
+        for attr, value in six.iteritems(states):
             if isinstance(value, int):
                 setattr(self, attr, 0)
             elif isinstance(value, float):
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class MetricBase(object):
         """
         states = {
             attr: value
-            for attr, value in list(self.__dict__.items())
+            for attr, value in six.iteritems(self.__dict__)
             if not attr.startswith("_")
         }
         config = {}
@@ -141,10 +142,10 @@ class CompositeMetric(MetricBase):
     """
     Composite multiple metrics in one instance.
     for example, merge F1, accuracy, recall into one Metric.
-    
+
     Examples:
         .. code-block:: python
-    
+
           labels = fluid.layers.data(name="data", shape=[1], dtype="int32")
           data = fluid.layers.data(name="data", shape=[32, 32], dtype="int32")
           pred = fluid.layers.fc(input=data, size=1000, act="tanh")

python/paddle/fluid/nets.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import six
 from . import layers
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ def img_conv_group(input,
     conv_with_batchnorm = __extend_list__(conv_with_batchnorm)
     conv_batchnorm_drop_rate = __extend_list__(conv_batchnorm_drop_rate)
 
-    for i in range(len(conv_num_filter)):
+    for i in six.moves.range(len(conv_num_filter)):
         local_conv_act = conv_act
         if conv_with_batchnorm[i]:
             local_conv_act = None

python/paddle/fluid/op.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import numpy as np
 import six
 
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
@@ -99,6 +100,8 @@ class OpDescCreationMethod(object):
                 new_attr = op_desc.attrs.add()
                 new_attr.name = attr.name
                 new_attr.type = attr.type
+                if isinstance(user_defined_attr, np.ndarray):
+                    user_defined_attr = user_defined_attr.tolist()
                 if attr.type == framework_pb2.INT:
                     new_attr.i = user_defined_attr
                 elif attr.type == framework_pb2.FLOAT:

python/paddle/fluid/parallel_executor.py

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ import multiprocessing
 from . import core
 from . import framework
 from . import executor
+from .. import compat as cpt
 import warnings
 import sys
+import six
 import os
 
 __all__ = ['ParallelExecutor', 'ExecutionStrategy', 'BuildStrategy']
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ class ParallelExecutor(object):
         self._places = []
         self._act_places = []
         if use_cuda:
-            for i in range(core.get_cuda_device_count()):
+            for i in six.moves.range(core.get_cuda_device_count()):
                 p = core.Place()
                 self._act_places.append(core.CUDAPlace(i))
                 p.set_place(self._act_places[-1])
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ class ParallelExecutor(object):
         else:
             cpu_num = int(
                 os.environ.get('CPU_NUM', multiprocessing.cpu_count()))
-            for i in range(cpu_num):
+            for i in six.moves.range(cpu_num):
                 p = core.Place()
                 self._act_places.append(core.CPUPlace())
                 p.set_place(self._act_places[-1])
@@ -153,11 +155,13 @@ class ParallelExecutor(object):
         self.executor = core.ParallelExecutor(
             self._places,
             set([
-                p.name for p in main.global_block().iter_parameters()
+                cpt.to_text(p.name)
+                for p in main.global_block().iter_parameters()
                 if not p.stop_gradient
             ]),
-            set(self.persistable_vars), main.desc, loss_name
-            if loss_name else '', scope, local_scopes, exec_strategy,
+            set(cpt.to_text(var) for var in self.persistable_vars), main.desc,
+            cpt.to_text(loss_name)
+            if loss_name else six.u(''), scope, local_scopes, exec_strategy,
             build_strategy, num_trainers, trainer_id)
         self.scope = scope
 
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@ class ParallelExecutor(object):
             self.executor.feed_tensors_into_local_scopes(res)
 
         fetch_var_name = '@FETCHED_VAR_NAME@'
-        self.executor.run(fetch_list, fetch_var_name)
+        self.executor.run(cpt.to_text(fetch_list), cpt.to_text(fetch_var_name))
         arr = self.scope.find_var(fetch_var_name).get_lod_tensor_array()
 
         if self.is_dist:

python/paddle/fluid/profiler.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 from . import core
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 import os
+import six
 
 __all__ = [
     'cuda_profiler', 'reset_profiler', 'profiler', 'start_profiler',
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ def cuda_profiler(output_file, output_mode=None, config=None):
     config = NVPROF_CONFIG if config is None else config
     config_file = 'nvprof_config_file'
     with open(config_file, 'wb') as fp:
-        fp.writelines(["%s\n" % item for item in config])
+        fp.writelines([six.b("%s\n" % item) for item in config])
     core.nvprof_init(output_file, output_mode, config_file)
     # Enables profiler collection by the active CUDA profiling tool.
     core.nvprof_start()

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/high-level-api/image_classification/cifar10_small_test_set.py

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ images per class.
 
 import itertools
 import numpy
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 import tarfile
+import six
 from six.moves import cPickle as pickle
-from six.moves import zip
 
 __all__ = ['train10']
 
@@ -44,20 +44,25 @@ CIFAR10_MD5 = 'c58f30108f718f92721af3b95e74349a'
 
 def reader_creator(filename, sub_name, batch_size=None):
     def read_batch(batch):
-        data = batch['data']
-        labels = batch.get('labels', batch.get('fine_labels', None))
+        data = batch[six.b('data')]
+        labels = batch.get(
+            six.b('labels'), batch.get(six.b('fine_labels'), None))
         assert labels is not None
-        for sample, label in zip(data, labels):
+        for sample, label in six.moves.zip(data, labels):
             yield (sample / 255.0).astype(numpy.float32), int(label)
 
     def reader():
         with tarfile.open(filename, mode='r') as f:
-            names = (each_item.name for each_item in f
-                     if sub_name in each_item.name)
+            names = [
+                each_item.name for each_item in f if sub_name in each_item.name
+            ]
 
             batch_count = 0
             for name in names:
-                batch = pickle.load(f.extractfile(name))
+                if six.PY2:
+                    batch = pickle.load(f.extractfile(name))
+                else:
+                    batch = pickle.load(f.extractfile(name), encoding='bytes')
                 for item in read_batch(batch):
                     if isinstance(batch_size, int) and batch_count > batch_size:
                         break
@@ -78,6 +83,6 @@ def train10(batch_size=None):
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5),
         'data_batch',
         batch_size=batch_size)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/high-level-api/image_classification/test_image_classification_resnet.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def resnet_cifar10(input, depth=32):
         return tmp
 
     assert (depth - 2) % 6 == 0
-    n = (depth - 2) / 6
+    n = (depth - 2) // 6
     conv1 = conv_bn_layer(
         input=input, ch_out=16, filter_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
     res1 = layer_warp(basicblock, conv1, 16, 16, n, 1)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_image_classification.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def resnet_cifar10(input, depth=32):
         return tmp
 
     assert (depth - 2) % 6 == 0
-    n = (depth - 2) / 6
+    n = (depth - 2) // 6
     conv1 = conv_bn_layer(
         input=input, ch_out=16, filter_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
     res1 = layer_warp(basicblock, conv1, 16, 16, n, 1)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book_memory_optimization/test_memopt_image_classification_train.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def resnet_cifar10(input, depth=32):
         return tmp
 
     assert (depth - 2) % 6 == 0
-    n = (depth - 2) / 6
+    n = (depth - 2) // 6
     conv1 = conv_bn_layer(
         input=input, ch_out=16, filter_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
     res1 = layer_warp(basicblock, conv1, 16, 16, n, 1)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/pyreader.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import numpy
+import six
 
 import paddle
 import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ def network(is_train):
 
     hidden = img
 
-    for i in xrange(2):
+    for i in six.moves.xrange(2):
         hidden = fluid.layers.fc(input=hidden, size=100, act='tanh')
         hidden = fluid.layers.dropout(
             hidden, dropout_prob=0.5, is_test=not is_train)
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def main():
 
     test_reader.decorate_paddle_reader(paddle.batch(mnist.test(), 512))
 
-    for epoch_id in xrange(10):
+    for epoch_id in six.moves.xrange(10):
         train_reader.start()
         try:
             while True:

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/benchmark.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class BenchmarkSuite(OpTest):
 
     def _get_input_names(self):
         inputs = []
-        for name, value in list(self.inputs.items()):
+        for name, value in six.iteritems(self.inputs):
             if isinstance(value, list):
                 inputs.extend([sub_name for sub_name, _ in value])
             inputs.append(name)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class BenchmarkSuite(OpTest):
 
     def _get_output_names(self):
         outputs = []
-        for var_name, var in list(self.outputs.items()):
+        for var_name, var in six.iteritems(self.outputs):
             if isinstance(var, list):
                 for sub_var_name, sub_var in var:
                     outputs.append(sub_var_name)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/dist_se_resnext.py

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class SE_ResNeXt():
             num_filters=num_filters,
             filter_size=filter_size,
             stride=stride,
-            padding=(filter_size - 1) / 2,
+            padding=(filter_size - 1) // 2,
             groups=groups,
             act=None,
             # avoid pserver CPU init differs from GPU
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class SE_ResNeXt():
             input=input, pool_size=0, pool_type='avg', global_pooling=True)
         stdv = 1.0 / math.sqrt(pool.shape[1] * 1.0)
         squeeze = fluid.layers.fc(input=pool,
-                                  size=num_channels / reduction_ratio,
+                                  size=num_channels // reduction_ratio,
                                   act='relu')
         stdv = 1.0 / math.sqrt(squeeze.shape[1] * 1.0)
         excitation = fluid.layers.fc(input=squeeze,

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/dist_transformer.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import paddle.fluid as fluid
 from paddle.fluid import core
 import os
 import sys
+import six
 import transformer_model
 import paddle.dataset.wmt16 as wmt16
 
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@ def get_model():
     avg_cost = transformer(use_feed=False)
     optimizer = fluid.optimizer.Adam()
     optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)
+    fluid.memory_optimize(fluid.default_main_program())
     return avg_cost
 
 
@@ -222,7 +224,7 @@ class DistTransformer2x2(object):
 
         first_loss, = exe.run(fetch_list=[avg_cost.name])
         print(first_loss)
-        for i in xrange(5):
+        for i in six.moves.xrange(5):
             _ = exe.run(fetch_list=[avg_cost.name])
         last_loss, = exe.run(fetch_list=[avg_cost.name])
         print(last_loss)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/op_test.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 import random
+import six
 import time
 import itertools
 import collections
@@ -26,15 +27,13 @@ from paddle.fluid.op import Operator
 from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
 from paddle.fluid.framework import Program, OpProtoHolder, Variable
 from testsuite import create_op, set_input, append_input_output, append_loss_ops
-from functools import reduce
-from six.moves import zip
 
 
 def randomize_probability(batch_size, class_num, dtype='float32'):
     prob = np.random.uniform(
         0.1, 1.0, size=(batch_size, class_num)).astype(dtype)
     prob_sum = prob.sum(axis=1)
-    for i in range(len(prob)):
+    for i in six.moves.xrange(len(prob)):
         prob[i] /= prob_sum[i]
     return prob
 
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ def get_numeric_gradient(place,
     set_input(scope, op, inputs, place)
 
     def product(dim):
-        return reduce(lambda a, b: a * b, dim, 1)
+        return six.moves.reduce(lambda a, b: a * b, dim, 1)
 
     def get_output():
         sum = []
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ def get_numeric_gradient(place,
 
     # we only compute gradient of one element each time.
     # we use a for loop to compute the gradient of every element.
-    for i in range(tensor_size):
+    for i in six.moves.xrange(tensor_size):
         if in_place:
             set_input(scope, op, inputs, place)
 
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ class OpTest(unittest.TestCase):
             assert isinstance(
                 numpy_dict,
                 dict), "self.inputs, self.outputs must be numpy_dict"
-            for var_name, var_value in numpy_dict.items():
+            for var_name, var_value in six.iteritems(numpy_dict):
                 if isinstance(var_value, (np.ndarray, np.generic)):
                     self.try_call_once(var_value.dtype)
                 elif isinstance(var_value, (list, tuple)):
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ class OpTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def _get_io_vars(self, block, numpy_inputs):
         inputs = {}
-        for name, value in numpy_inputs.items():
+        for name, value in six.iteritems(numpy_inputs):
             if isinstance(value, list):
                 var_list = [
                     block.var(sub_name) for sub_name, sub_value in value
@@ -268,7 +267,7 @@ class OpTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # if the fetch_list is customized by user, we use it directly.
         # if not, fill the fetch_list by the user configured outputs in test.
         if len(fetch_list) == 0:
-            for var_name, var in outputs.items():
+            for var_name, var in six.iteritems(outputs):
                 if isinstance(var, list):
                     for v in var:
                         fetch_list.append(v)
@@ -366,12 +365,13 @@ class OpTest(unittest.TestCase):
         for place in places:
             outs = self.calc_output(place)
             outs = [np.array(out) for out in outs]
+            outs.sort(key=len)
             checker(outs)
 
     def __assert_is_close(self, numeric_grads, analytic_grads, names,
                           max_relative_error, msg_prefix):
 
-        for a, b, name in zip(numeric_grads, analytic_grads, names):
+        for a, b, name in six.moves.zip(numeric_grads, analytic_grads, names):
             abs_a = np.abs(a)
             abs_a[abs_a < 1e-3] = 1
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_compat.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+import paddle.compat as cpt
+import six
+
+
+class TestCompatible(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_type(self):
+        if six.PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(cpt.int_type, int)
+            self.assertEqual(cpt.long_type, long)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(cpt.int_type, int)
+            self.assertEqual(cpt.long_type, int)
+
+    def test_to_text(self):
+        # Only support python2.x and python3.x now
+        self.assertTrue(six.PY2 | six.PY3)
+
+        if six.PY2:
+            # check None
+            self.assertIsNone(cpt.to_text(None))
+
+            # check all string related types
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(str("")), unicode))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(str("123")), unicode))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(b""), unicode))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(b""), unicode))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(u""), unicode))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(u""), unicode))
+
+            self.assertEqual(u"", cpt.to_text(str("")))
+            self.assertEqual(u"123", cpt.to_text(str("123")))
+            self.assertEqual(u"", cpt.to_text(b""))
+            self.assertEqual(u"123", cpt.to_text(b"123"))
+            self.assertEqual(u"", cpt.to_text(u""))
+            self.assertEqual(u"123", cpt.to_text(u"123"))
+
+            # check list types, not inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([u""], l2)
+            l = ["", "123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([u"", u"123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b'123', u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([u"", u"123", u"321"], l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, unicode))
+
+            # check list types, inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([u""], l2)
+            l = ["", "123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([u"", u"123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123", u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([u"", u"123", u"321"], l2)
+
+            # check set types, not inplace
+            l = set("")
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(u""), l2)
+            l = set([b"", b"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([u"", u"123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([u"", u"123", u"321"]), l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, unicode))
+
+            # check set types, inplace
+            l = set("")
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(u""), l2)
+            l = set([b"", b"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([u"", u"123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([u"", u"123", u"321"]), l2)
+
+        elif six.PY3:
+            self.assertIsNone(cpt.to_text(None))
+
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(str("")), str))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(str("123")), str))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(b""), str))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(b""), str))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(u""), str))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_text(u""), str))
+
+            self.assertEqual("", cpt.to_text(str("")))
+            self.assertEqual("123", cpt.to_text(str("123")))
+            self.assertEqual("", cpt.to_text(b""))
+            self.assertEqual("123", cpt.to_text(b"123"))
+            self.assertEqual("", cpt.to_text(u""))
+            self.assertEqual("123", cpt.to_text(u"123"))
+
+            # check list types, not inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([""], l2)
+            l = ["", "123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(["", "123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123", u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(["", "123", "321"], l2)
+
+            # check list types, inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([""], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(["", "123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123", u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(["", "123", "321"], l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, str))
+
+            # check set types, not inplace
+            l = set("")
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(""), l2)
+            l = set([b"", b"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(["", "123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(["", "123", "321"]), l2)
+
+            # check set types, inplace
+            l = set("")
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(""), l2)
+            l = set([b"", b"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(["", "123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_text(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(["", "123", "321"]), l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, str))
+
+    def test_to_bytes(self):
+        # Only support python2.x and python3.x now
+        self.assertTrue(six.PY2 | six.PY3)
+
+        if six.PY2:
+            # check None
+            self.assertIsNone(cpt.to_bytes(None))
+
+            # check all string related types
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(str("")), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(str("123")), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(b""), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(b""), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(u""), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(u""), bytes))
+
+            self.assertEqual(b"", cpt.to_bytes(str("")))
+            self.assertEqual(b"123", cpt.to_bytes(str("123")))
+            self.assertEqual(b"", cpt.to_bytes(b""))
+            self.assertEqual(b"123", cpt.to_bytes(b"123"))
+            self.assertEqual(b"", cpt.to_bytes(u""))
+            self.assertEqual(b"123", cpt.to_bytes(u"123"))
+
+            # check list types, not inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b""], l2)
+            l = ["", "123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b'123', u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123", b"321"], l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, bytes))
+
+            # check list types, inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b""], l2)
+            l = ["", "123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123", u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123", b"321"], l2)
+
+            # check set types, not inplace
+            l = set("")
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(b""), l2)
+            l = set([b"", b"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123", b"321"]), l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, bytes))
+
+            # check set types, inplace
+            l = set("")
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(b""), l2)
+            l = set([b"", b"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123", b"321"]), l2)
+
+        elif six.PY3:
+            self.assertIsNone(cpt.to_bytes(None))
+
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(str("")), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(str("123")), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(b""), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(b""), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(u""), bytes))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(cpt.to_bytes(u""), bytes))
+
+            self.assertEqual(b"", cpt.to_bytes(str("")))
+            self.assertEqual(b"123", cpt.to_bytes(str("123")))
+            self.assertEqual(b"", cpt.to_bytes(b""))
+            self.assertEqual(b"123", cpt.to_bytes(b"123"))
+            self.assertEqual(b"", cpt.to_bytes(u""))
+            self.assertEqual(b"123", cpt.to_bytes(u"123"))
+
+            # check list types, not inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b""], l2)
+            l = ["", "123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123", u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123", b"321"], l2)
+
+            # check list types, inplace
+            l = [""]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b""], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123"], l2)
+            l = ["", b"123", u"321"]
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual([b"", b"123", b"321"], l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, bytes))
+
+            # check set types, not inplace
+            l = set([""])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b""]), l2)
+            l = set([u"", u"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=False)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertFalse(l is l2)
+            self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123", b"321"]), l2)
+
+            # check set types, inplace
+            l = set("")
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set(b""), l2)
+            l = set([u"", u"123"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123"]), l2)
+            l = set(["", b"123", u"321"])
+            l2 = cpt.to_bytes(l, inplace=True)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, set))
+            self.assertTrue(l is l2)
+            self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+            self.assertEqual(set([b"", b"123", b"321"]), l2)
+            for i in l2:
+                self.assertTrue(isinstance(i, bytes))
+
+    def test_round(self):
+        self.assertEqual(3.0, cpt.round(3.4))
+        self.assertEqual(4.0, cpt.round(3.5))
+        self.assertEqual(0.0, cpt.round(0.1))
+        self.assertEqual(0.0, cpt.round(0.0))
+        self.assertEqual(-0.0, cpt.round(-0.0))
+        self.assertEqual(-0.0, cpt.round(-0.1))
+        self.assertEqual(-3.0, cpt.round(-3.4))
+        self.assertEqual(-4.0, cpt.round(-3.5))
+        self.assertEqual(5.0, cpt.round(5))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cpt.round, None)
+
+    def test_floor_division(self):
+        self.assertEqual(0.0, cpt.floor_division(3, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(1.0, cpt.floor_division(4, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(2.0, cpt.floor_division(6, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(-2.0, cpt.floor_division(-4, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(-2.0, cpt.floor_division(-6, 3))
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cpt.floor_division, 3, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cpt.floor_division, None, None)
+
+    def test_get_exception_message(self):
+        exception_message = "test_message"
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, cpt.get_exception_message, None)
+        if six.PY2:
+            self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cpt.get_exception_message,
+                              exception_message)
+            try:
+                raise RuntimeError(exception_message)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.assertEqual(exception_message,
+                                 cpt.get_exception_message(e))
+                self.assertIsNotNone(e)
+
+            try:
+                raise Exception(exception_message)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.assertEqual(exception_message,
+                                 cpt.get_exception_message(e))
+                self.assertIsNotNone(e)
+
+        if six.PY3:
+            try:
+                raise RuntimeError(exception_message)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.assertEqual(exception_message,
+                                 cpt.get_exception_message(e))
+                self.assertIsNotNone(e)
+
+            try:
+                raise Exception(exception_message)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.assertEqual(exception_message,
+                                 cpt.get_exception_message(e))
+                self.assertIsNotNone(e)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv2d_op.py

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ def conv2d_forward_naive(input, filter, group, conv_param):
     out_c, f_c, f_h, f_w = filter.shape
     assert f_c * group == in_c
     assert np.mod(out_c, group) == 0
-    sub_out_c = out_c / group
+    sub_out_c = out_c // group
 
     stride, pad, dilation = conv_param['stride'], conv_param['pad'], conv_param[
         'dilation']
-    out_h = 1 + (in_h + 2 * pad[0] - (dilation[0] * (f_h - 1) + 1)) / stride[0]
-    out_w = 1 + (in_w + 2 * pad[1] - (dilation[1] * (f_w - 1) + 1)) / stride[1]
+    out_h = 1 + (in_h + 2 * pad[0] - (dilation[0] * (f_h - 1) + 1)) // stride[0]
+    out_w = 1 + (in_w + 2 * pad[1] - (dilation[1] * (f_w - 1) + 1)) // stride[1]
     out = np.zeros((in_n, out_c, out_h, out_w))
 
     d_bolck_h = (dilation[0] * (f_h - 1) + 1)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class TestConv2dOp(OpTest):
         self.stride = [1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 5, 5]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3]
 
     def init_dilation(self):
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class TestWithPad(TestConv2dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 5, 5]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3]
 
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class TestWithStride(TestConv2dOp):
         self.stride = [2, 2]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 6, 6]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3]
 
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class TestWith1x1(TestConv2dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 5, 5]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 1, 1]
 
     def init_group(self):
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class TestWithDilation(TestConv2dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 10, 10]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3]
 
     def init_dilation(self):
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class TestWithInput1x1Filter1x1(TestConv2dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 1, 1]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 1, 1]
 
     def init_group(self):
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class TestDepthwiseConv(TestConv2dOp):
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 5, 5]  # NCHW
         self.groups = 3
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3]
         self.op_type = "depthwise_conv2d"
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class TestDepthwiseConv2(TestConv2dOp):
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 5, 5]  # NCHW
         self.groups = 3
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3]
         self.op_type = "depthwise_conv2d"
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv2d_transpose_op.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def conv2dtranspose_forward_naive(input_, filter_, attrs):
     groups = attrs['groups']
     assert in_c == f_c
     out_c = f_out_c * groups
-    sub_in_c = in_c / groups
+    sub_in_c = in_c // groups
 
     stride, pad, dilations = attrs['strides'], attrs['paddings'], attrs[
         'dilations']
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ class TestDepthwiseConvTranspose(TestConv2dTransposeOp):
         self.input_size = [2, 8, 16, 16]  # NCHW
         self.groups = 8
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [self.input_size[1], f_c, 4, 4]
         self.op_type = "depthwise_conv2d_transpose"
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv3d_op.py

@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ def conv3d_forward_naive(input, filter, group, conv_param):
     out_c, f_c, f_d, f_h, f_w = filter.shape
     assert f_c * group == in_c
     assert np.mod(out_c, group) == 0
-    sub_out_c = out_c / group
+    sub_out_c = out_c // group
 
     stride, pad, dilation = conv_param['stride'], conv_param['pad'], conv_param[
         'dilations']
 
-    out_d = 1 + (in_d + 2 * pad[0] - (dilation[0] * (f_d - 1) + 1)) / stride[0]
-    out_h = 1 + (in_h + 2 * pad[1] - (dilation[1] * (f_h - 1) + 1)) / stride[1]
-    out_w = 1 + (in_w + 2 * pad[2] - (dilation[2] * (f_w - 1) + 1)) / stride[2]
+    out_d = 1 + (in_d + 2 * pad[0] - (dilation[0] * (f_d - 1) + 1)) // stride[0]
+    out_h = 1 + (in_h + 2 * pad[1] - (dilation[1] * (f_h - 1) + 1)) // stride[1]
+    out_w = 1 + (in_w + 2 * pad[2] - (dilation[2] * (f_w - 1) + 1)) // stride[2]
 
     out = np.zeros((in_n, out_c, out_d, out_h, out_w))
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class TestConv3dOp(OpTest):
         self.stride = [1, 1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 4, 4, 4]  # NCDHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3, 3]
 
     def init_dilation(self):
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class TestCase1(TestConv3dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 4, 4, 4]  # NCDHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 3, 3, 3]
 
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class TestWith1x1(TestConv3dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 4, 4, 4]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 1, 1, 1]
 
     def init_dilation(self):
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class TestWithInput1x1Filter1x1(TestConv3dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 1, 1, 1]  # NCHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 1, 1, 1]
 
     def init_dilation(self):
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class TestWithDilation(TestConv3dOp):
         self.stride = [1, 1, 1]
         self.input_size = [2, 3, 6, 6, 6]  # NCDHW
         assert np.mod(self.input_size[1], self.groups) == 0
-        f_c = self.input_size[1] / self.groups
+        f_c = self.input_size[1] // self.groups
         self.filter_size = [6, f_c, 2, 2, 2]
 
     def init_dilation(self):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv3d_transpose_op.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def conv3dtranspose_forward_naive(input_, filter_, attrs):
     groups = attrs['groups']
     assert in_c == f_c
     out_c = f_out_c * groups
-    sub_in_c = in_c / groups
+    sub_in_c = in_c // groups
 
     stride, pad, dilations = attrs['strides'], attrs['paddings'], attrs[
         'dilations']

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_conv_shift_op.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def conv_shift_forward(x, y):
     out = np.zeros_like(x)
     M = x.shape[1]
     N = y.shape[1]
-    y_half_width = (N - 1) / 2
+    y_half_width = (N - 1) // 2
     for i in range(M):
         for j in range(N):
             out[:, i] += x[:, (i + j + M - y_half_width) % M] * y[:, j]

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_data_balance.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import numpy as np
 
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_detection_map_op.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
+import six
 import sys
 import collections
 import math
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ class TestDetectionMAPOp(OpTest):
             true_pos[label].append([score, tp])
             false_pos[label].append([score, fp])
 
-        for (label, label_pos_num) in list(label_count.items()):
+        for (label, label_pos_num) in six.iteritems(label_count):
             if label_pos_num == 0 or label not in true_pos: continue
             label_true_pos = true_pos[label]
             label_false_pos = false_pos[label]

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dist_base.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import time
 import unittest
 import os
 import sys
+import six
 import signal
 import subprocess
 import six
@@ -123,6 +124,9 @@ def runtime_main(test_class):
         model.run_trainer(p, endpoints, trainer_id, trainers, is_dist)
 
 
+import paddle.compat as cpt
+
+
 class TestDistBase(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self._trainers = 2
@@ -209,7 +213,7 @@ class TestDistBase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         local_proc.wait()
         out, err = local_proc.communicate()
-        local_ret = out
+        local_ret = cpt.to_text(out)
         sys.stderr.write('local_loss: %s\n' % local_ret)
         sys.stderr.write('local_stderr: %s\n' % err)
 
@@ -256,7 +260,7 @@ class TestDistBase(unittest.TestCase):
         tr1_proc.wait()
         out, err = tr0_proc.communicate()
         sys.stderr.write('dist_stderr: %s\n' % err)
-        loss_data0 = out
+        loss_data0 = cpt.to_text(out)
         sys.stderr.write('dist_loss: %s\n' % loss_data0)
         lines = loss_data0.split("\n")
         dist_first_loss = eval(lines[0].replace(" ", ","))[0]

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dist_transpiler.py

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ class TranspilerTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def get_main_program(self):
         main = fluid.Program()
+        main.random_seed = 1
         with fluid.program_guard(main):
             self.net_conf()
         self.origin_prog = main.clone()

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_exception.py

@@ -12,19 +12,21 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 import unittest
 
 
 class TestException(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_exception(self):
-        ex = None
+        exception = None
         try:
             core.__unittest_throw_exception__()
         except core.EnforceNotMet as ex:
-            self.assertIn("test exception", ex.message)
+            self.assertIn("test exception", cpt.get_exception_message(ex))
+            exception = ex
 
-        self.assertIsNotNone(ex)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(exception)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_gru_op.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 import math
+import functools
 from op_test import OpTest
 from test_lstm_op import identity, sigmoid, tanh, relu
 
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ class TestGRUOp(OpTest):
         for i in range(len(seq_lens)):
             seq_starts.append(seq_starts[-1] + seq_lens[i])
         sorted_seqs = sorted(
-            list(range(len(seq_lens))), lambda x, y: seq_lens[y] - seq_lens[x])
+            list(range(len(seq_lens))),
+            key=functools.cmp_to_key(lambda x, y: seq_lens[y] - seq_lens[x]))
         num_batch = seq_lens[sorted_seqs[0]]
         for batch_idx in range(num_batch):
             idx_in_seq = []

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_infer_shape.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 
+import six
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 
 
@@ -27,14 +28,14 @@ class TestInferShape(unittest.TestCase):
         shape = [10, 20]
 
         # prepare input/output
-        x1 = block.var("x1")
+        x1 = block.var(six.b("x1"))
         x1.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR)
         x1.set_shape(shape)
-        x2 = block.var("x2")
+        x2 = block.var(six.b("x2"))
         x2.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR)
         x2.set_shape(shape)
 
-        out = block.var("out")
+        out = block.var(six.b("out"))
         out.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR)
 
         # prepare the operator
@@ -57,14 +58,14 @@ class TestInferShape(unittest.TestCase):
         y_shape = [20, 30]
 
         # prepare input/output
-        x1 = block.var("x")
+        x1 = block.var(six.b("x"))
         x1.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR)
         x1.set_shape(x_shape)
-        x2 = block.var("y")
+        x2 = block.var(six.b("y"))
         x2.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR)
         x2.set_shape(y_shape)
 
-        out = block.var("out")
+        out = block.var(six.b("out"))
         out.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR)
 
         # prepare the operator

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_inference_model_io.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 
+import six
 import numpy as np
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ class TestBook(unittest.TestCase):
 
         exe.run(init_program, feed={}, fetch_list=[])
 
-        for i in range(100):
+        for i in six.moves.xrange(100):
             tensor_x = np.array(
                 [[1, 1], [1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 2]]).astype("float32")
             tensor_y = np.array([[-2], [-3], [-7], [-7]]).astype("float32")
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ class TestBook(unittest.TestCase):
                                  'y': tensor_y},
                            fetch_list=[avg_cost])[0]
 
-        reload(executor)  # reload to build a new scope
+        six.moves.reload_module(executor)  # reload to build a new scope
         exe = executor.Executor(place)
 
         [infer_prog, feed_var_names, fetch_vars] = load_inference_model(

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_layers.py

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class TestBook(unittest.TestCase):
                 input=crf_decode,
                 label=label,
                 chunk_scheme="IOB",
-                num_chunk_types=(label_dict_len - 1) / 2)
+                num_chunk_types=(label_dict_len - 1) // 2)
             self.assertFalse(crf is None)
             self.assertFalse(crf_decode is None)
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class TestBook(unittest.TestCase):
                     name='word_{0}'.format(i), shape=[1], dtype='int64'))
 
         dict_size = 10000
-        label_word = int(window_size / 2) + 1
+        label_word = int(window_size // 2) + 1
 
         embs = []
         for i in range(window_size):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lookup_table_op.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import numpy as np
 from op_test import OpTest
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 from paddle.fluid.op import Operator
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 
 
 class TestLookupTableOp(OpTest):
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ class TestLookupTableOpWithTensorIdsAndPadding(TestLookupTableOpWithTensorIds):
         flatten_idx = ids.flatten()
         padding_idx = np.random.choice(flatten_idx, 1)[0]
         self.outputs['Out'][np.squeeze(ids == padding_idx)] = np.zeros(31)
-        self.attrs = {'padding_idx': long(padding_idx)}
+        self.attrs = {'padding_idx': cpt.long_type(padding_idx)}
         self.check_output()
 
     def test_check_grad(self):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_lrn_op.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class TestLRNOp(OpTest):
         return x + 1
 
     def get_out(self):
-        start = -(self.n - 1) / 2
+        start = -(self.n - 1) // 2
         end = start + self.n
 
         mid = np.empty((self.N, self.C, self.H, self.W)).astype("float32")

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_maxout_op.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from op_test import OpTest
 
 def maxout_forward_naive(input, groups):
     s0, s1, s2, s3 = input.shape
-    return np.ndarray([s0, s1 / groups, groups, s2, s3], \
+    return np.ndarray([s0, s1 // groups, groups, s2, s3], \
         buffer = input, dtype=input.dtype).max(axis=(2))
 
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_operator_desc.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import unittest
 
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 
 from paddle.fluid.framework import Program, default_startup_program
 
@@ -29,14 +30,15 @@ class TestOperator(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertFail()
         except ValueError as v_err:
             self.assertEqual(
-                v_err.message,
+                cpt.get_exception_message(v_err),
                 "`type` to initilized an Operator can not be None.")
         try:
             block.append_op(type="no_such_op")
             self.assertFail()
         except ValueError as a_err:
-            self.assertEqual(a_err.message,
-                             "Operator \"no_such_op\" has not been registered.")
+            self.assertEqual(
+                cpt.get_exception_message(a_err),
+                "Operator \"no_such_op\" has not been registered.")
 
     def test_op_desc_creation(self):
         program = Program()

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_parallel_executor_seresnext.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def squeeze_excitation(input, num_channels, reduction_ratio):
     pool = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(input=reshape, dim=2)
 
     squeeze = fluid.layers.fc(input=pool,
-                              size=num_channels / reduction_ratio,
+                              size=num_channels // reduction_ratio,
                               act='relu')
     excitation = fluid.layers.fc(input=squeeze,
                                  size=num_channels,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def conv_bn_layer(input, num_filters, filter_size, stride=1, groups=1,
         num_filters=num_filters,
         filter_size=filter_size,
         stride=stride,
-        padding=(filter_size - 1) / 2,
+        padding=(filter_size - 1) // 2,
         groups=groups,
         act=None,
         bias_attr=False)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_pool2d_op.py

@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ def max_pool2D_forward_naive(x,
     if global_pool == 1:
         ksize = [H, W]
     H_out = (H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0] + strides[0] - 1
-             ) / strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (H - ksize[0] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[0]) / strides[0] + 1
+             ) // strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) // strides[0] + 1
     W_out = (W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1] + strides[1] - 1
-             ) / strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (W - ksize[1] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[1]) / strides[1] + 1
+             ) // strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) // strides[1] + 1
     out = np.zeros((N, C, H_out, W_out))
     for i in range(H_out):
         for j in range(W_out):
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ def avg_pool2D_forward_naive(x,
     if global_pool == 1:
         ksize = [H, W]
     H_out = (H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0] + strides[0] - 1
-             ) / strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (H - ksize[0] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[0]) / strides[0] + 1
+             ) // strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) // strides[0] + 1
     W_out = (W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1] + strides[1] - 1
-             ) / strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (W - ksize[1] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[1]) / strides[1] + 1
+             ) // strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) // strides[1] + 1
     out = np.zeros((N, C, H_out, W_out))
     for i in range(H_out):
         for j in range(W_out):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_pool3d_op.py

@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ def max_pool3D_forward_naive(x,
     if global_pool == 1:
         ksize = [D, H, W]
     D_out = (D - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0] + strides[0] - 1
-             ) / strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (H - ksize[0] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[0]) / strides[0] + 1
+             ) // strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) // strides[0] + 1
     H_out = (H - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1] + strides[1] - 1
-             ) / strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (W - ksize[1] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[1]) / strides[1] + 1
+             ) // strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) // strides[1] + 1
     W_out = (W - ksize[2] + 2 * paddings[2] + strides[2] - 1
-             ) / strides[2] + 1 if ceil_mode else (W - ksize[2] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[2]) / strides[2] + 1
+             ) // strides[2] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 W - ksize[2] + 2 * paddings[2]) // strides[2] + 1
     out = np.zeros((N, C, D_out, H_out, W_out))
     for k in range(D_out):
         d_start = np.max((k * strides[0] - paddings[0], 0))
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ def avg_pool3D_forward_naive(x,
     if global_pool == 1:
         ksize = [D, H, W]
     D_out = (D - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0] + strides[0] - 1
-             ) / strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (H - ksize[0] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[0]) / strides[0] + 1
+             ) // strides[0] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) // strides[0] + 1
     H_out = (H - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1] + strides[1] - 1
-             ) / strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (W - ksize[1] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[1]) / strides[1] + 1
+             ) // strides[1] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) // strides[1] + 1
     W_out = (W - ksize[2] + 2 * paddings[2] + strides[2] - 1
-             ) / strides[2] + 1 if ceil_mode else (W - ksize[2] + 2 *
-                                                   paddings[2]) / strides[2] + 1
+             ) // strides[2] + 1 if ceil_mode else (
+                 W - ksize[2] + 2 * paddings[2]) // strides[2] + 1
     out = np.zeros((N, C, D_out, H_out, W_out))
     for k in range(D_out):
         d_start = np.max((k * strides[0] - paddings[0], 0))

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_pool_max_op.py

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ def max_pool3D_forward_naive(x, ksize, strides, paddings, global_pool=False):
         ksize = [D, H, W]
         paddings = [0, 0, 0]
 
-    D_out = (D - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) / strides[0] + 1
-    H_out = (H - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) / strides[1] + 1
-    W_out = (W - ksize[2] + 2 * paddings[2]) / strides[2] + 1
+    D_out = (D - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) // strides[0] + 1
+    H_out = (H - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) // strides[1] + 1
+    W_out = (W - ksize[2] + 2 * paddings[2]) // strides[2] + 1
     out = np.zeros((N, C, D_out, H_out, W_out))
     mask = np.zeros((N, C, D_out, H_out, W_out))
     for k in range(D_out):
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ def max_pool2D_forward_naive(x, ksize, strides, paddings, global_pool=False):
         ksize = [H, W]
         paddings = [0, 0]
 
-    H_out = (H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) / strides[0] + 1
-    W_out = (W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) / strides[1] + 1
+    H_out = (H - ksize[0] + 2 * paddings[0]) // strides[0] + 1
+    W_out = (W - ksize[1] + 2 * paddings[1]) // strides[1] + 1
     out = np.zeros((N, C, H_out, W_out))
     mask = np.zeros((N, C, H_out, W_out))
     for i in range(H_out):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_positive_negative_pair_op.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import unittest
 import itertools
 import numpy as np
+import six
 from op_test import OpTest
 
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ def py_pnpair_op(score, label, query, column=-1, weight=None):
 
     # accumulate statistics
     pos, neg, neu = 0, 0, 0
-    for _, ranks in list(predictions.items()):
+    for _, ranks in six.iteritems(predictions):
         for e1, e2 in itertools.combinations(ranks, 2):
             s1, s2, l1, l2, w1, w2 = e1[0], e2[0], e1[1], e2[1], e1[2], e2[2]
             w = (w1 + w2) * 0.5

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_preprocessor.py

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-import paddle.v2.dataset.mnist as mnist
+import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
 
 
 class TestPreprocessor(unittest.TestCase):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_profiler.py

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class TestProfiler(unittest.TestCase):
                      "profiler is enabled only with GPU")
     def test_all_profiler(self):
         self.net_profiler('All', '/tmp/profile_out')
-        with open('/tmp/profile_out', 'r') as f:
+        with open('/tmp/profile_out', 'rb') as f:
             self.assertGreater(len(f.read()), 0)
 
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_protobuf_descs.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 from paddle.fluid.framework import Program
 
 
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ class TestVarDesc(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_shape(self):
         program_desc = core.ProgramDesc()
         block = program_desc.block(0)
-        var = block.var('my_var')
+        var = block.var(cpt.to_bytes('my_var'))
         var.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.SELECTED_ROWS)
         src_shape = [3, 2, 10, 8]
         var.set_shape(src_shape)
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class TestVarDesc(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_multiple_shape(self):
         program_desc = core.ProgramDesc()
         block = program_desc.block(0)
-        var = block.var('my_reader')
+        var = block.var(cpt.to_bytes('my_reader'))
         var.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.READER)
         src_shapes = [[2, 3, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9]]
         var.set_shapes(src_shapes)
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ class TestVarDesc(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_dtype(self):
         program_desc = core.ProgramDesc()
         block = program_desc.block(0)
-        var = block.var('my_var')
+        var = block.var(cpt.to_bytes('my_var'))
         var.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR)
         var.set_dtype(core.VarDesc.VarType.INT32)
         self.assertEqual(core.VarDesc.VarType.INT32, var.dtype())
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class TestVarDesc(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_multiple_dtype(self):
         program_desc = core.ProgramDesc()
         block = program_desc.block(0)
-        var = block.var('my_reader')
+        var = block.var(cpt.to_bytes('my_reader'))
         var.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.READER)
         src_types = [
             core.VarDesc.VarType.INT32, core.VarDesc.VarType.FP64,
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ class TestVarDesc(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_multiple_lod_level(self):
         program_desc = core.ProgramDesc()
         block = program_desc.block(0)
-        var = block.var('my_reader')
+        var = block.var(cpt.to_bytes('my_reader'))
         var.set_type(core.VarDesc.VarType.READER)
         src_types = [3, 1, 2]
         var.set_lod_levels(src_types)
@@ -166,12 +167,12 @@ class TestBlockDesc(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNotNone(program_desc)
         block = program_desc.block(0)
         self.assertIsNotNone(block)
-        var1 = block.var("var1")
-        var2 = block.var("var2")
-        var3 = block.var("var3")
+        var1 = block.var(cpt.to_bytes("var1"))
+        var2 = block.var(cpt.to_bytes("var2"))
+        var3 = block.var(cpt.to_bytes("var3"))
         all_vars = block.all_vars()
         self.assertEqual(set(all_vars), {var1, var2, var3})
-        var2_re = block.find_var("var2")
+        var2_re = block.find_var(cpt.to_bytes("var2"))
         self.assertEqual(var2_re, var2)
 
     def test_add_op(self):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_random_crop_op.py

@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@ from op_test import OpTest
 class TestRandomCropOp(OpTest):
     def setUp(self):
         to_crop = np.array([[[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]]] *
-                           5).astype("float32")
+                           5).astype(np.int32)
         self.possible_res = [
-            np.array([[1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7]]), np.array([[2, 3, 4], [6, 7, 8]]),
-            np.array([[5, 6, 7], [9, 10, 11]]),
-            np.array([[6, 7, 8], [10, 11, 12]])
+            np.array([[1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7]]).astype(np.int32),
+            np.array([[2, 3, 4], [6, 7, 8]]).astype(np.int32),
+            np.array([[5, 6, 7], [9, 10, 11]]).astype(np.int32),
+            np.array([[6, 7, 8], [10, 11, 12]]).astype(np.int32)
         ]
         self.op_type = "random_crop"
         self.inputs = {'X': to_crop, 'Seed': np.array([10])}

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_reader_reset.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import numpy as np
 import unittest
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_recordio_reader.py

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 import unittest
 
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-import paddle.v2.dataset.mnist as mnist
+import paddle
+import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
 
 
 class TestRecordIO(unittest.TestCase):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_reorder_lod_tensor.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 from paddle.fluid.layers.control_flow import lod_rank_table
 import numpy
+import functools
 
 
 class TestReorderLoDTensor(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -101,7 +102,8 @@ class TestReorderLoDTensor(unittest.TestCase):
         rank_table = []  # list of (index, length)
         for i in range(len(ref_lod)):
             rank_table.append((i, ref_lod[i]))
-        rank_table = sorted(rank_table, lambda x, y: y[1] - x[1])
+        rank_table = sorted(
+            rank_table, key=functools.cmp_to_key(lambda x, y: y[1] - x[1]))
 
         # compute the input sequence info according to input_lod
         input_value, input_lod = self.data[self.data_desc[0][0]]

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_roi_pool_op.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import unittest
 import numpy as np
 import math
 import sys
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 from op_test import OpTest
 
 
@@ -59,10 +60,10 @@ class TestROIPoolOp(OpTest):
         for i in range(self.rois_num):
             roi = self.rois[i]
             roi_batch_id = roi[0]
-            roi_start_w = int(round(roi[1] * self.spatial_scale))
-            roi_start_h = int(round(roi[2] * self.spatial_scale))
-            roi_end_w = int(round(roi[3] * self.spatial_scale))
-            roi_end_h = int(round(roi[4] * self.spatial_scale))
+            roi_start_w = int(cpt.round(roi[1] * self.spatial_scale))
+            roi_start_h = int(cpt.round(roi[2] * self.spatial_scale))
+            roi_end_w = int(cpt.round(roi[3] * self.spatial_scale))
+            roi_end_h = int(cpt.round(roi[4] * self.spatial_scale))
 
             roi_height = int(max(roi_end_h - roi_start_h + 1, 1))
             roi_width = int(max(roi_end_w - roi_start_w + 1, 1))
@@ -97,8 +98,8 @@ class TestROIPoolOp(OpTest):
                             for w in range(wstart, wend):
                                 if x_i[c, h, w] > out_data[i, c, ph, pw]:
                                     out_data[i, c, ph, pw] = x_i[c, h, w]
-                                    argmax_data[i, c, ph, pw] = h * \
-                                        self.width + w
+                                    argmax_data[i, c, ph,
+                                                pw] = h * self.width + w
 
         self.outs = out_data.astype('float32')
         self.argmaxes = argmax_data.astype('int64')
@@ -110,14 +111,14 @@ class TestROIPoolOp(OpTest):
             self.rois_lod[0].append(bno + 1)
             for i in range(bno + 1):
                 x1 = np.random.random_integers(
-                    0, self.width / self.spatial_scale - self.pooled_width)
+                    0, self.width // self.spatial_scale - self.pooled_width)
                 y1 = np.random.random_integers(
-                    0, self.height / self.spatial_scale - self.pooled_height)
+                    0, self.height // self.spatial_scale - self.pooled_height)
 
                 x2 = np.random.random_integers(x1 + self.pooled_width,
-                                               self.width / self.spatial_scale)
-                y2 = np.random.random_integers(y1 + self.pooled_height,
-                                               self.height / self.spatial_scale)
+                                               self.width // self.spatial_scale)
+                y2 = np.random.random_integers(
+                    y1 + self.pooled_height, self.height // self.spatial_scale)
 
                 roi = [bno, x1, y1, x2, y2]
                 rois.append(roi)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_split_ids_op.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
+import six
 from op_test import OpTest
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 from paddle.fluid.op import Operator
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class TestSpliteIds(unittest.TestCase):
         x_tensor = x.get_tensor()
         x_tensor.set(np_array, place)
 
-        outs_name = ["out%d" % i for i in xrange(3)]
+        outs_name = ["out%d" % i for i in six.moves.xrange(3)]
         outs = [
             scope.var(var_name).get_selected_rows() for var_name in outs_name
         ]

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_unpool_op.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def unpool2dmax_forward_naive(input, indices, ksize, strides, paddings):
             for h in range(s2):
                 for w in range(s3):
                     index = indices[nidx, cidx, h, w]
-                    hidx = (index - index % out_wsize) / out_wsize
+                    hidx = (index - index % out_wsize) // out_wsize
                     widx = index % out_wsize
                     out[nidx, cidx, int(hidx), int(widx)] = \
                             input[nidx, cidx, h, w]
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ class TestUnpoolOp(OpTest):
         self.init_test_case()
         pre_input = np.random.random(self.shape).astype("float32")
         nsize, csize, hsize, wsize = pre_input.shape
-        hsize_out = (hsize - self.ksize[0] + 2 * self.paddings[0]) / \
+        hsize_out = (hsize - self.ksize[0] + 2 * self.paddings[0]) // \
                 self.strides[0] + 1
-        wsize_out = (wsize - self.ksize[1] + 2 * self.paddings[1]) / \
+        wsize_out = (wsize - self.ksize[1] + 2 * self.paddings[1]) // \
                 self.strides[1] + 1
         input = np.zeros((nsize, csize, hsize_out, wsize_out))
         indices = np.zeros((nsize, csize, hsize_out, wsize_out))
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class TestUnpoolOp(OpTest):
                         input[nidx, cidx, i, j] = x_masked.max()
                         arg = x_masked.argmax()
                         indices[nidx, cidx, i, j] = \
-                                (r_start + arg / self.ksize[1]) * wsize + \
+                                (r_start + arg // self.ksize[1]) * wsize + \
                                 c_start + arg % self.ksize[1]
         output = self.unpool2d_forward_naive(input, indices, self.ksize, \
                 self.strides, self.paddings).astype("float32")

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_warpctc_op.py

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class CTCForward(object):
             for k in range(end - start):
                 j = k + start
                 if j & 1 == 1:
-                    label_idx = j / 2
+                    label_idx = j // 2
                     label_val = labels_a_sequence[label_idx, 0]
                     fv = self.log_add(forward_vars[i - 1, j],
                                       forward_vars[i - 1, j - 1])

python/paddle/fluid/trainer.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import contextlib
 import os
 import errno
 import shutil
+import six
 import time
 
 from . import core
@@ -618,7 +619,7 @@ def build_feed_var_list(program, feed_order):
                 "The values of 'feed_order' should be a permutation of [0, len(feed_order))"
             )
         sorted_pair_list = sorted(
-            list(feed_order.items()), key=lambda item: item[1])
+            six.iteritems(feed_order), key=lambda item: item[1])
         feed_var_list = [
             program.global_block().var(pair[0]) for pair in sorted_pair_list
         ]
@@ -1036,7 +1037,7 @@ def _save_trainer_args(dirname, trainer_id, trainer_args):
 
     cur_dir = _get_trainer_dir(dirname, trainer_id)
 
-    for name, value in list(trainer_args.items()):
+    for name, value in six.iteritems(trainer_args):
         args_file = os.path.join(cur_dir, name)
         with open(args_file, 'w') as f:
             f.write(str(value))

python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/details/program_utils.py

@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import six
+
 
 def delete_ops(block, ops):
     try:
         start = list(block.ops).index(ops[0])
         end = list(block.ops).index(ops[-1])
-        [block._remove_op(start) for _ in range(end - start + 1)]
+        [block._remove_op(start) for _ in six.moves.range(end - start + 1)]
     except Exception as e:
         raise e
     block.program._sync_with_cpp()

python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/distribute_transpiler.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Steps to transpile pserver:
 import math
 import random
 import numpy as np
+import collections
 
 from .ps_dispatcher import RoundRobin, HashName, PSDispatcher
 from .. import core, framework
@@ -220,9 +221,10 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
         #       fc_w@GRAD_trainer_0, fc_w@GRAD_trainer_1 --> pserver1
         #       fc_b@GRAD_trainer_0, fc_b@GRAD_trainer_1 --> pserver2
         # shuffle the map will avoid the uneven distribution above
-        grad_var_mapping_items = list(self.grad_var_mapping.items())
+        grad_var_mapping_items = list(six.iteritems(self.grad_var_mapping))
+
         if not self.config.slice_var_up:
-            random.seed(self.trainer_num)
+            random.seed(self.origin_program.random_seed)
             random.shuffle(grad_var_mapping_items)
 
         for orig_varname, splited_vars in grad_var_mapping_items:
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
             self.param_grad_ep_mapping[ep]["grads"].append(send_vars[i])
 
         # step4: Concat the parameters splits together after recv.
-        for varname, splited_var in list(self.param_var_mapping.items()):
+        for varname, splited_var in six.iteritems(self.param_var_mapping):
             eps = []
             for var in splited_var:
                 index = [v.name for v in recv_vars].index(var.name)
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
                     RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_NAME: RPC_OP_ROLE_ATTR_VALUE
                 })
 
-        for varname, splited_var in list(self.param_var_mapping.items()):
+        for varname, splited_var in six.iteritems(self.param_var_mapping):
             if len(splited_var) <= 1:
                 continue
             orig_param = program.global_block().vars[varname]
@@ -641,14 +643,14 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
 
         # 1. create vars in pserver program to startup program
         pserver_vars = pserver_program.global_block().vars
-        created_var_map = dict()
-        for _, var in list(pserver_vars.items()):
+        created_var_map = collections.OrderedDict()
+        for _, var in six.iteritems(pserver_vars):
             tmpvar = s_prog.global_block()._clone_variable(var)
             created_var_map[var.name] = tmpvar
 
         # 2. rename op outputs
         for op in orig_s_prog.global_block().ops:
-            new_outputs = dict()
+            new_outputs = collections.OrderedDict()
             # do not append startup op if var is not on this pserver
             op_on_pserver = False
             # TODO(gongwb): remove this line.
@@ -789,7 +791,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
             self.origin_program,
             grad_blocks,
             add_trainer_suffix=self.trainer_num > 1)
-        self.grad_param_mapping = dict()
+        self.grad_param_mapping = collections.OrderedDict()
         for g, p in zip(grad_blocks, param_blocks):
             g_name, g_bid, _ = g.split(":")
             p_name, p_bid, _ = p.split(":")
@@ -797,7 +799,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
                     self.param_var_mapping[p_name][int(p_bid)]
 
         # create mapping of endpoint -> split var to create pserver side program
-        self.param_grad_ep_mapping = dict()
+        self.param_grad_ep_mapping = collections.OrderedDict()
         [
             self.param_grad_ep_mapping.update({
                 ep: {
@@ -1072,21 +1074,21 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
             block_list (list[(varname, block_id, block_size)]): List of gradient blocks.
             add_trainer_suffix (Bool): Add trainer suffix to new variable's name if set True.
         Returns:
-            var_mapping (dict(varname->[new_varname_variable])):A dict mapping
+            var_mapping (collections.OrderedDict(varname->[new_varname_variable])):A dict mapping
                 from original var name to each var split.
         """
 
         # varname->[(block_id, current_block_size)]
-        block_map = dict()
+        block_map = collections.OrderedDict()
 
-        var_mapping = dict()
+        var_mapping = collections.OrderedDict()
         for block_str in block_list:
             varname, offset, size = block_str.split(":")
             if varname not in block_map:
                 block_map[varname] = []
             block_map[varname].append((int(offset), int(size)))
 
-        for varname, splited in list(block_map.items()):
+        for varname, splited in six.iteritems(block_map):
             orig_var = program.global_block().var(varname)
             if len(splited) == 1:
                 if self.sync_mode and add_trainer_suffix:
@@ -1107,7 +1109,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
 
             for i, block in enumerate(splited):
                 size = block[1]
-                rows = size / orig_dim1_flatten
+                rows = size // orig_dim1_flatten
                 splited_shape = [rows]
                 if len(orig_shape) >= 2:
                     splited_shape.extend(orig_shape[1:])
@@ -1271,7 +1273,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
                             grad_to_block_id, origin_program, merged_var):
         program = optimize_block.program
         pserver_block = program.global_block()
-        new_inputs = dict()
+        new_inputs = collections.OrderedDict()
 
         # update param/grad shape first, then other inputs like
         # moment can use the updated shape
@@ -1357,9 +1359,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
 
     def _is_splited_grad_var(self, var, var_dict):
         grad_block = None
-        # TODO(minqiyang): replace these items() with six.iteritems() to
-        # improve memory
-        for _, g in list(var_dict.items()):
+        for _, g in six.iteritems(var_dict):
             if self._orig_varname(g.name) == self._orig_varname(var.name):
                 if g.name.find(".trainer_") == -1:
                     grad_block = g
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
     def _clone_lr_op(self, program, block, op):
         inputs = self._get_input_map_from_op(
             self.origin_program.global_block().vars, op)
-        for key, varlist in list(inputs.items()):
+        for key, varlist in six.iteritems(inputs):
             if not isinstance(varlist, list):
                 varlist = [varlist]
             for var in varlist:
@@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
 
         outputs = self._get_output_map_from_op(
             self.origin_program.global_block().vars, op)
-        for key, varlist in list(outputs.items()):
+        for key, varlist in six.iteritems(outputs):
             if not isinstance(varlist, list):
                 varlist = [varlist]
             for var in varlist:
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
         # Append the ops for parameters that do not need to be optimized/updated
         inputs = self._get_input_map_from_op(
             self.origin_program.global_block().vars, opt_op)
-        for key, varlist in list(inputs.items()):
+        for key, varlist in six.iteritems(inputs):
             if not isinstance(varlist, list):
                 varlist = [varlist]
             for var in varlist:
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
 
         outputs = self._get_output_map_from_op(
             self.origin_program.global_block().vars, opt_op)
-        for key, varlist in list(outputs.items()):
+        for key, varlist in six.iteritems(outputs):
             if not isinstance(varlist, list):
                 varlist = [varlist]
             for var in varlist:
@@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
 
     def _get_input_map_from_op(self, varmap, op):
         """Returns a dict from op input name to the vars in varmap."""
-        iomap = dict()
+        iomap = collections.OrderedDict()
         for key in op.input_names:
             vars = []
             for varname in op.input(key):
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ class DistributeTranspiler(object):
 
     def _get_output_map_from_op(self, varmap, op):
         """Returns a dict from op output name to the vars in varmap."""
-        iomap = dict()
+        iomap = collections.OrderedDict()
         for key in op.output_names:
             vars = []
             for varname in op.output(key):

python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/memory_optimization_transpiler.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 from collections import defaultdict
 from .. import core
+from ... import compat as cpt
 from ..framework import Program, default_main_program, Parameter
 from ..backward import _rename_arg_
 from functools import reduce
@@ -125,15 +126,15 @@ class ControlFlowGraph(object):
 
     def _has_var(self, block_desc, var_name, is_forward):
         if is_forward:
-            return block_desc.has_var(str(var_name))
+            return block_desc.has_var(cpt.to_bytes(var_name))
         else:
-            return block_desc.has_var_recursive(str(var_name))
+            return block_desc.has_var_recursive(cpt.to_bytes(var_name))
 
     def _find_var(self, block_desc, var_name, is_forward):
         if is_forward:
-            return block_desc.find_var(str(var_name))
+            return block_desc.find_var(cpt.to_bytes(var_name))
         else:
-            return block_desc.find_var_recursive(str(var_name))
+            return block_desc.find_var_recursive(cpt.to_bytes(var_name))
 
     def _check_var_validity(self, block_desc, x, is_forward):
         if str(x) == "@EMPTY@":
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ class ControlFlowGraph(object):
                         # Rename the var to the cache var already with
                         # memory allocated in order to reuse the memory.
                         _rename_arg_(self._ops, x, cache_var, begin_idx=i)
-                        self._program.block(block_desc.id).var(str(
+                        self._program.block(block_desc.id).var(cpt.to_text(
                             x)).desc = self._find_var(block_desc, cache_var,
                                                       is_forward)
                         self._update_graph(x, cache_var, begin_idx=i)

python/paddle/reader/decorator.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from six.moves import zip
 import itertools
 import random
 import zlib
+import paddle.compat as cpt
 
 
 def map_readers(func, *readers):
@@ -390,9 +391,9 @@ class PipeReader:
             buff = self.process.stdout.read(self.bufsize)
             if buff:
                 if self.file_type == "gzip":
-                    decomp_buff = self.dec.decompress(buff)
+                    decomp_buff = cpt.to_text(self.dec.decompress(buff))
                 elif self.file_type == "plain":
-                    decomp_buff = buff
+                    decomp_buff = cpt.to_text(buff)
                 else:
                     raise TypeError("file_type %s is not allowed" %
                                     self.file_type)

python/paddle/reader/tests/creator_test.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import os
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 import paddle.reader.creator
+import six
 
 
 class TestNumpyArray(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ class TestNumpyArray(unittest.TestCase):
         x = np.array(l, np.int32)
         reader = paddle.reader.creator.np_array(x)
         for idx, e in enumerate(reader()):
-            self.assertItemsEqual(e, l[idx])
+            six.assertCountEqual(self, e, l[idx])
 
 
 class TestTextFile(unittest.TestCase):

python/paddle/utils/dump_config.py

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     assert isinstance(conf, TrainerConfig_pb2.TrainerConfig)
 
     if whole_conf:
-        print conf
+        print(conf)
     else:
         if binary:
             sys.stdout.write(conf.model_config.SerializeToString())
         else:
-            print conf.model_config
+            print(conf.model_config)

python/paddle/utils/image_multiproc.py

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 import os, sys
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
-from cStringIO import StringIO
+import six
+from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
 import multiprocessing
 import functools
 import itertools
@@ -187,7 +188,8 @@ class PILTransformer(ImageTransformer):
         return self.transform(im)
 
 
-def job(is_img_string, transformer, (data, label)):
+def job(is_img_string, transformer, data_label_pack):
+    (data, label) = data_label_pack
     if is_img_string:
         return transformer.transform_from_string(data), label
     else:
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ class MultiProcessImageTransformer(object):
         """
         Processing image with multi-process. If it is used in PyDataProvider,
         the simple usage for CNN is as follows:
-       
+
         .. code-block:: python
 
             def hool(settings, is_train,  **kwargs):
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ class MultiProcessImageTransformer(object):
             @provider(init_hook=hook, pool_size=20480)
             def process(settings, file_list):
                 with open(file_list, 'r') as fdata:
-                    for line in fdata: 
+                    for line in fdata:
                         data_dic = np.load(line.strip()) # load the data batch pickled by Pickle.
                         data = data_dic['data']
                         labels = data_dic['label']
@@ -249,10 +251,10 @@ class MultiProcessImageTransformer(object):
         :type channel_swap: tuple or list
         :param mean: the mean values of image, per-channel mean or element-wise mean.
         :type mean: array, The dimension is 1 for per-channel mean.
-                    The dimension is 3 for element-wise mean. 
+                    The dimension is 3 for element-wise mean.
         :param is_train: training peroid or testing peroid.
         :type is_train: bool.
-        :param is_color: the image is color or gray. 
+        :param is_color: the image is color or gray.
         :type is_color: bool.
         :param is_img_string: The input can be the file name of image or image string.
         :type is_img_string: bool.
@@ -273,4 +275,4 @@ class MultiProcessImageTransformer(object):
     def run(self, data, label):
         fun = functools.partial(job, self.is_img_string, self.transformer)
         return self.pool.imap_unordered(
-            fun, itertools.izip(data, label), chunksize=100 * self.procnum)
+            fun, six.moves.zip(data, label), chunksize=100 * self.procnum)

python/paddle/utils/image_util.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
-from cStringIO import StringIO
+from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
 
 
 def resize_image(img, target_size):
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def flip(im):
     """
     Return the flipped image.
     Flip an image along the horizontal direction.
-    im: input image, (H x W x K) ndarrays 
+    im: input image, (H x W x K) ndarrays
     """
     if len(im.shape) == 3:
         return im[:, :, ::-1]
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def load_meta(meta_path, mean_img_size, crop_size, color=True):
 
 def load_image(img_path, is_color=True):
     """
-    Load image and return. 
+    Load image and return.
     img_path: image path.
     is_color: is color image or not.
     """
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class ImageTransformer:
 
     def set_mean(self, mean):
         if mean is not None:
-            # mean value, may be one value per channel 
+            # mean value, may be one value per channel
             if mean.ndim == 1:
                 mean = mean[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis]
             else:

python/paddle/utils/make_model_diagram.py

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 # Generate dot diagram file for the given paddle model config
 # The generated file can be viewed using Graphviz (http://graphviz.org)
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import six
 import sys
 import traceback
 
@@ -61,9 +64,9 @@ def make_diagram_from_proto(model_config, dot_file):
                                              name2id[mem.link_name])
         return s
 
-    print >> f, 'digraph graphname {'
-    print >> f, 'node [width=0.375,height=0.25];'
-    for i in xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
+    print('digraph graphname {', file=f)
+    print('node [width=0.375,height=0.25];', file=f)
+    for i in six.moves.xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
         l = model_config.layers[i]
         name2id[l.name] = i
 
@@ -71,12 +74,12 @@ def make_diagram_from_proto(model_config, dot_file):
     for sub_model in model_config.sub_models:
         if sub_model.name == 'root':
             continue
-        print >> f, 'subgraph cluster_%s {' % i
-        print >> f, 'style=dashed;'
+        print('subgraph cluster_%s {' % i, file=f)
+        print('style=dashed;', file=f)
         label = '%s ' % sub_model.name
         if sub_model.reversed:
             label += '<=='
-        print >> f, 'label = "%s";' % label
+        print('label = "%s";' % label, file=f)
         i += 1
         submodel_layers.add(sub_model.name)
         for layer_name in sub_model.layer_names:
@@ -84,37 +87,41 @@ def make_diagram_from_proto(model_config, dot_file):
             lid = name2id[layer_name]
             layer_config = model_config.layers[lid]
             label = make_layer_label(layer_config)
-            print >> f, 'l%s [label="%s", shape=box];' % (lid, label)
-        print >> f, '}'
+            print('l%s [label="%s", shape=box];' % (lid, label), file=f)
+        print('}', file=f)
 
-    for i in xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
+    for i in six.moves.xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
         l = model_config.layers[i]
         if l.name not in submodel_layers:
             label = make_layer_label(l)
-            print >> f, 'l%s [label="%s", shape=box];' % (i, label)
+            print('l%s [label="%s", shape=box];' % (i, label), file=f)
 
     for sub_model in model_config.sub_models:
         if sub_model.name == 'root':
             continue
         for link in sub_model.in_links:
-            print >> f, make_link(link)
+            print(make_link(link), file=f)
         for link in sub_model.out_links:
-            print >> f, make_link(link)
+            print(make_link(link), file=f)
         for mem in sub_model.memories:
-            print >> f, make_mem(mem)
+            print(make_mem(mem), file=f)
 
-    for i in xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
+    for i in six.moves.xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
         for l in model_config.layers[i].inputs:
-            print >> f, 'l%s -> l%s [label="%s"];' % (
-                name2id[l.input_layer_name], i, l.input_parameter_name)
+            print(
+                'l%s -> l%s [label="%s"];' % (name2id[l.input_layer_name], i,
+                                              l.input_parameter_name),
+                file=f)
 
-    print >> f, '}'
+    print('}', file=f)
     f.close()
 
 
 def usage():
-    print >> sys.stderr, ("Usage: python show_model_diagram.py" +
-                          " CONFIG_FILE DOT_FILE [config_str]")
+    print(
+        ("Usage: python show_model_diagram.py" +
+         " CONFIG_FILE DOT_FILE [config_str]"),
+        file=sys.stderr)
     exit(1)
 
 

python/paddle/utils/merge_model.py

@@ -70,4 +70,4 @@ def merge_v2_model(net, param_file, output_file):
         for pname in param_names:
             params.serialize(pname, f)
 
-    print 'Generate  %s  success!' % (output_file)
+    print('Generate  %s  success!' % (output_file))

python/paddle/utils/plotcurve.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ To use this script to generate plot for AvgCost, error:
    python plotcurve.py -i paddle.INFO -o figure.png AvgCost error
 """
 
+import six
 import sys
 import matplotlib
 # the following line is added immediately after import matplotlib
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ def plot_paddle_curve(keys, inputfile, outputfile, format='png',
         sys.stderr.write("No data to plot. Exiting!\n")
         return
     m = len(keys) + 1
-    for i in xrange(1, m):
+    for i in six.moves.xrange(1, m):
         pyplot.plot(
             x[:, 0],
             x[:, i],

python/paddle/utils/predefined_net.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import numpy as np
+import six
 import os
 from paddle.trainer.config_parser import *
 from paddle.utils.preprocess_img import \
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ def simple_conv_net(data_conf, is_color=False):
         num_classes: num of classes.
         is_color: whether the input images are color.
     """
-    for k, v in data_conf.iteritems():
+    for k, v in six.iteritems(data_conf):
         globals()[k] = v
     data_input, label_input, num_image_channels = \
         image_data_layers(image_size, num_classes, is_color, is_predict)
@@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ def small_vgg(data_conf, is_predict=False):
         num_classes: num of classes.
         is_color: whether the input images are color.
     """
-    for k, v in data_conf.iteritems():
+    for k, v in six.iteritems(data_conf):
         globals()[k] = v
     vgg_conv_net(image_size, num_classes,
                  num_layers=[2, 2, 3, 3],

python/paddle/utils/preprocess_img.py

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ import os
 import random
 import numpy as np
 import PIL.Image as Image
-import StringIO
-import preprocess_util
-from image_util import crop_img
+from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+from . import preprocess_util
+from .image_util import crop_img
 
 
 def resize_image(img, target_size):
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class DiskImage:
 
     def read_image(self):
         if self.img is None:
-            print "reading: " + self.path
+            print("reading: " + self.path)
             image = resize_image(Image.open(self.path), self.target_size)
             self.img = image
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class DiskImage:
         convert the image into the paddle batch format.
         """
         self.read_image()
-        output = StringIO.StringIO()
+        output = StringIO()
         self.img.save(output, "jpeg")
         contents = output.getvalue()
         return contents
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class ImageClassificationDatasetCreater(preprocess_util.DatasetCreater):
             image_path = items[0]
             label_name = items[1]
             if not label_name in label_set:
-                label_set[label_name] = len(label_set.keys())
+                label_set[label_name] = len(list(label_set.keys()))
             img = DiskImage(path=image_path, target_size=self.target_size)
             label = preprocess_util.Lablel(
                 label=label_set[label_name], name=label_name)
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class ImageClassificationDatasetCreater(preprocess_util.DatasetCreater):
             return create_dataset_from_list(path)
         label_set = preprocess_util.get_label_set_from_dir(path)
         data = []
-        for l_name in label_set.keys():
+        for l_name in list(label_set.keys()):
             image_paths = preprocess_util.list_images(
                 os.path.join(path, l_name))
             for p in image_paths:

python/paddle/utils/preprocess_util.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import os
 import math
-import cPickle as pickle
+import six.moves.cPickle as pickle
 import random
 import collections
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class Dataset:
             random.shuffle(keyvalue_indices[k])
 
         num_data_per_key_batch = \
-            math.ceil(num_per_batch / float(len(keyvalue_indices.keys())))
+            math.ceil(num_per_batch / float(len(list(keyvalue_indices.keys()))))
 
         if num_data_per_key_batch < 2:
             raise Exception("The number of data in a batch is too small")
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ class Dataset:
                 end_idx = int(
                     min(begin_idx + num_data_per_key_batch,
                         len(keyvalue_indices[k])))
-                print "begin_idx, end_idx"
-                print begin_idx, end_idx
+                print("begin_idx, end_idx")
+                print(begin_idx, end_idx)
                 for idx in range(begin_idx, end_idx):
                     permuted_data.append(self.data[keyvalue_indices[k][idx]])
                 keyvalue_readpointer[k] = end_idx
@@ -357,6 +357,6 @@ class DatasetCreater(object):
             data_batcher.create_batches_and_list(
                 self.output_path, self.train_list_name, self.test_list_name,
                 self.label_set_name)
-            self.num_classes = len(train_label_set.keys())
+            self.num_classes = len(list(train_label_set.keys()))
             self.create_meta_file(train_data)
         return out_path

python/paddle/utils/show_pb.py

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 Show the content of proto buffer data file of PADDLE
 """
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import os
 import sys
 from google.protobuf.internal.decoder import _DecodeVarint
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ def read_proto(file, message):
 
 
 def usage():
-    print >> sys.stderr, "Usage: python show_pb.py PROTO_DATA_FILE"
+    print("Usage: python show_pb.py PROTO_DATA_FILE", file=sys.stderr)
     exit(1)
 
 
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     f = open(sys.argv[1])
     header = DataFormat.DataHeader()
     read_proto(f, header)
-    print header
+    print(header)
 
     sample = DataFormat.DataSample()
     while read_proto(f, sample):
-        print sample
+        print(sample)

python/paddle/utils/torch2paddle.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import sys
 import struct
 import numpy as np
 import torchfile
-import cPickle as pickle
+import six.moves.cPickle as pickle
 import argparse
 
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def save_net_parameters(layers, params, output_path):
         biases = params[i * 2 + 1]
         weight_file = os.path.join(output_path, '_%s.w0' % layers[i])
         biases_file = os.path.join(output_path, '_%s.wbias' % layers[i])
-        print "Saving for layer %s." % layers[i]
+        print("Saving for layer %s." % layers[i])
         save_layer_parameters(weight_file, [weight])
         save_layer_parameters(biases_file, biases)
 

tools/test_runner.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import print_function
+
 import unittest
 import os
 import sys