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  <div class="section" id="kubernetes">
<span id="kubernetes"></span><h1>Kubernetes单机训练<a class="headerlink" href="#kubernetes" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<p>在这篇文档里，我们介绍如何在 Kubernetes 集群上启动一个单机使用CPU的Paddle训练作业。在下一篇中，我们将介绍如何启动分布式训练作业。</p>
<div class="section" id="docker">
<span id="docker"></span><h2>制作Docker镜像<a class="headerlink" href="#docker" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<p>在一个功能齐全的Kubernetes机群里，通常我们会安装Ceph等分布式文件系统来存储训练数据。这样的话，一个分布式Paddle训练任务中的每个进程都可以从Ceph读取数据。在这个例子里，我们只演示一个单机作业，所以可以简化对环境的要求，把训练数据直接放在
Paddle的Docker image里。为此，我们需要制作一个包含训练数据的Paddle镜像。</p>
<p>Paddle 的 <a class="reference external" href="http://www.paddlepaddle.org/doc/demo/quick_start/index_en.html">Quick Start Tutorial</a>
里介绍了用Paddle源码中的脚本下载训练数据的过程。
而 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">paddledev/paddle:cpu-demo-latest</span></code> 镜像里有 Paddle 源码与demo，（ 请注意，默认的
Paddle镜像 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">paddledev/paddle:cpu-latest</span></code> 是不包括源码的, Paddle的各版本镜像可以参考 <a class="reference external" href="http://www.paddlepaddle.org/doc/build/docker_install.html">Docker installation guide</a> ），所以我们使用这个镜像来下载训练数据到Docker container中，然后把这个包含了训练数据的container保存为一个新的镜像。</p>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id1"></span><h3>运行容器<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ docker run --name quick_start_data -it paddledev/paddle:cpu-demo-latest
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id2"></span><h3>下载数据<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>进入容器<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/root/paddle/demo/quick_start/data</span></code>目录，使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_data.sh</span></code>下载数据</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ root@fbd1f2bb71f4:~/paddle/demo/quick_start/data# ./get_data.sh

Downloading Amazon Electronics reviews data...
--2016-10-31 01:33:43--  http://snap.stanford.edu/data/amazon/productGraph/categoryFiles/reviews_Electronics_5.json.gz
Resolving snap.stanford.edu (snap.stanford.edu)... 171.64.75.80
Connecting to snap.stanford.edu (snap.stanford.edu)|171.64.75.80|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 495854086 (473M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: &#39;reviews_Electronics_5.json.gz&#39;

 10% [=======&gt;                                         ] 874,279     64.7KB/s  eta 2h 13m
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id3"></span><h3>修改启动脚本<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>下载完数据后，修改<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/root/paddle/demo/quick_start/train.sh</span></code>文件，内容如下（增加了一条cd命令）</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>set -e
cd /root/paddle/demo/quick_start
cfg=trainer_config.lr.py
#cfg=trainer_config.emb.py
#cfg=trainer_config.cnn.py
#cfg=trainer_config.lstm.py
#cfg=trainer_config.bidi-lstm.py
#cfg=trainer_config.db-lstm.py
paddle train \
  --config=$cfg \
  --save_dir=./output \
  --trainer_count=4 \
  --log_period=20 \
  --num_passes=15 \
  --use_gpu=false \
  --show_parameter_stats_period=100 \
  --test_all_data_in_one_period=1 \
  2&gt;&amp;1 | tee &#39;train.log&#39;
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id4"></span><h3>提交镜像<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>修改启动脚本后，退出容器，使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">commit</span></code>命令创建新镜像。</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ docker commit quick_start_data mypaddle/paddle:quickstart
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kubernetes">
<span id="id5"></span><h2>使用 Kubernetes 进行训练<a class="headerlink" href="#kubernetes" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div>针对任务运行完成后容器自动退出的场景，Kubernetes有Job类型的资源来支持。下文就是用Job类型的资源来进行训练。</div></blockquote>
<div class="section" id="yaml">
<span id="yaml"></span><h3>编写yaml文件<a class="headerlink" href="#yaml" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>在训练时，输出结果可能会随着容器的消耗而被删除，需要在创建容器前挂载卷以便我们保存训练结果。使用我们之前构造的镜像，可以创建一个 <a class="reference external" href="http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/jobs/#what-is-a-job">Kubernetes Job</a>，简单的yaml文件如下：</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">batch</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">v1</span>
<span class="n">kind</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Job</span>
<span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">quickstart</span>
<span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">parallelism</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="n">completions</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="n">template</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">quickstart</span>
    <span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="n">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">output</span>
        <span class="n">hostPath</span><span class="p">:</span> 
          <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">home</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">work</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle_output</span>     
      <span class="n">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pi</span>
        <span class="n">image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mypaddle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">quickstart</span>
        <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;bin/bash&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="s2">&quot;-c&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/root/paddle/demo/quick_start/train.sh&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="n">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">output</span>
          <span class="n">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">quick_start</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">output</span>
      <span class="n">restartPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Never</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="paddle-job">
<span id="paddle-job"></span><h3>创建Paddle Job<a class="headerlink" href="#paddle-job" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>使用上文创建的yaml文件创建Kubernetes Job，命令为：</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kubectl  create -f paddle.yaml
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>查看job的详细情况：</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kubectl  get job
NAME         DESIRED   SUCCESSFUL   AGE
quickstart   1         0            58s

$ kubectl  describe job quickstart
Name:       quickstart
Namespace:  default
Image(s):   registry.baidu.com/public/paddle:cpu-demo-latest
Selector:   controller-uid=f120da72-9f18-11e6-b363-448a5b355b84
Parallelism:    1
Completions:    1
Start Time: Mon, 31 Oct 2016 11:20:16 +0800
Labels:     controller-uid=f120da72-9f18-11e6-b363-448a5b355b84,job-name=quickstart
Pods Statuses:  0 Running / 1 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Volumes:
  output:
    Type:   HostPath (bare host directory volume)
    Path:   /home/work/paddle_output
Events:
  FirstSeen LastSeen    Count   From            SubobjectPath   Type        Reason          Message
  --------- --------    -----   ----            -------------   --------    ------          -------
  1m        1m      1   {job-controller }           Normal      SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: quickstart-fa0wx
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id6"></span><h3>查看训练结果<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>根据Job对应的Pod信息，可以查看此Pod运行的宿主机。</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">kubectl</span>  <span class="n">describe</span> <span class="n">pod</span> <span class="n">quickstart</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">fa0wx</span>
<span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">quickstart</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">fa0wx</span>
<span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="n">default</span>
<span class="n">Node</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">let02</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">10.206</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">202.44</span>
<span class="n">Start</span> <span class="n">Time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Mon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">2016</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">17</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">0800</span>
<span class="n">Labels</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">uid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">f120da72</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="n">f18</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">11e6</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">b363</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">448</span><span class="n">a5b355b84</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">job</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">quickstart</span>
<span class="n">Status</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="n">Succeeded</span>
<span class="n">IP</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="mf">10.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">0.9</span>
<span class="n">Controllers</span><span class="p">:</span>    <span class="n">Job</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">quickstart</span>
<span class="n">Containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">quickstart</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">Container</span> <span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">:</span>   <span class="n">docker</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">b8561f5c79193550d64fa47418a9e67ebdd71546186e840f88de5026b8097465</span>
    <span class="n">Image</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">registry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">baidu</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">public</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">cpu</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">latest</span>
    <span class="n">Image</span> <span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">docker</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="mf">18e457</span><span class="n">ce3d362ff5f3febf8e7f85ffec852f70f3b629add10aed84f930a68750</span>
    <span class="n">Port</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">Command</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
      <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">c</span>
      <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">quick_start</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">train</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sh</span>
    <span class="n">QoS</span> <span class="n">Tier</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="n">cpu</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">BestEffort</span>
      <span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">BestEffort</span>
    <span class="n">State</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">Terminated</span>
      <span class="n">Reason</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">Completed</span>
      <span class="n">Exit</span> <span class="n">Code</span><span class="p">:</span>    <span class="mi">0</span>
      <span class="n">Started</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">Mon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">2016</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">0800</span>
      <span class="n">Finished</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="n">Mon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">2016</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">46</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">0800</span>
    <span class="n">Ready</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="kc">False</span>
    <span class="n">Restart</span> <span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="mi">0</span>
    <span class="n">Environment</span> <span class="n">Variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">Conditions</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">Type</span>      <span class="n">Status</span>
  <span class="n">Ready</span>     <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="n">Volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">:</span>   <span class="n">HostPath</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bare</span> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="n">directory</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">:</span>   <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">home</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">work</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle_output</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>我们还可以登录到宿主机上查看训练结果。</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="nd">@paddle</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">let02</span> <span class="n">paddle_output</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1"># ll</span>
<span class="n">total</span> <span class="mi">60</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00000</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00001</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00002</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00003</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00004</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00005</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00006</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00007</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00008</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00009</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00010</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00011</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00012</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00013</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00014</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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