## Installing Spring Boot

Spring Boot can be used with “classic” Java development tools or installed as a command line tool. Either way, you need [Java SDK v1.8](https://www.java.com/) or higher. Before you begin, you should check your current Java installation by using the following command:

```
$ java -version
```

If you are new to Java development or if you want to experiment with Spring Boot, you might want to try the [Spring Boot CLI](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/reference/html/getting-started.html#getting-started.installing.cli) (Command Line Interface) first. Otherwise, read on for “classic” installation instructions.

### Installation Instructions for the Java Developer

You can use Spring Boot in the same way as any standard Java library. To do so, include the appropriate `spring-boot-*.jar` files on your classpath. Spring Boot does not require any special tools integration, so you can use any IDE or text editor. Also, there is nothing special about a Spring Boot application, so you can run and debug a Spring Boot application as you would any other Java program.

Although you *could* copy Spring Boot jars, we generally recommend that you use a build tool that supports dependency management (such as Maven or Gradle).

#### Maven Installation

Spring Boot is compatible with Apache Maven 3.3 or above. If you do not already have Maven installed, you can follow the instructions at [maven.apache.org](https://maven.apache.org/).

Tip:

On many operating systems, Maven can be installed with a package manager. If you use OSX Homebrew, try `brew install maven`. Ubuntu users can run `sudo apt-get install maven`. Windows users with [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org/) can run `choco install maven` from an elevated (administrator) prompt.

Spring Boot dependencies use the `org.springframework.boot` `groupId`. Typically, your Maven POM file inherits from the `spring-boot-starter-parent` project and declares dependencies to one or more [“Starters”](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/reference/html/using.html#using.build-systems.starters). Spring Boot also provides an optional [Maven plugin](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/reference/html/build-tool-plugins.html#build-tool-plugins.maven) to create executable jars.

More details on getting started with Spring Boot and Maven can be found in the [Getting Started section](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/maven-plugin/reference/htmlsingle/#getting-started) of the Maven plugin’s reference guide.

#### Gradle Installation

Spring Boot is compatible with Gradle 6.8, 6.9, and 7.x. If you do not already have Gradle installed, you can follow the instructions at [gradle.org](https://gradle.org/).

Spring Boot dependencies can be declared by using the `org.springframework.boot` `group`. Typically, your project declares dependencies to one or more [“Starters”](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/reference/html/using.html#using.build-systems.starters). Spring Boot provides a useful [Gradle plugin](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/reference/html/build-tool-plugins.html#build-tool-plugins.gradle) that can be used to simplify dependency declarations and to create executable jars.

```
Gradle Wrapper
The Gradle Wrapper provides a nice way of “obtaining” Gradle when you need to build a project. It is a small script and library that you commit alongside your code to bootstrap the build process. See docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/gradle_wrapper.html for details.
```

More details on getting started with Spring Boot and Gradle can be found in the [Getting Started section](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/gradle-plugin/reference/htmlsingle/#getting-started) of the Gradle plugin’s reference guide.

### Installing the Spring Boot CLI

The Spring Boot CLI (Command Line Interface) is a command line tool that you can use to quickly prototype with Spring. It lets you run [Groovy](https://groovy-lang.org/) scripts, which means that you have a familiar Java-like syntax without so much boilerplate code.

You do not need to use the CLI to work with Spring Boot, but it is a quick way to get a Spring application off the ground without an IDE.

#### Manual Installation

You can download the Spring CLI distribution from the Spring software repository:

- [spring-boot-cli-2.6.4-bin.zip](https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-cli/2.6.4/spring-boot-cli-2.6.4-bin.zip)
- [spring-boot-cli-2.6.4-bin.tar.gz](https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-cli/2.6.4/spring-boot-cli-2.6.4-bin.tar.gz)

Cutting edge [snapshot distributions](https://repo.spring.io/snapshot/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-cli/) are also available.

Once downloaded, follow the [INSTALL.txt](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/v2.6.4/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-cli/src/main/content/INSTALL.txt) instructions from the unpacked archive. In summary, there is a `spring` script (`spring.bat` for Windows) in a `bin/` directory in the `.zip` file. Alternatively, you can use `java -jar` with the `.jar` file (the script helps you to be sure that the classpath is set correctly).

#### Installation with SDKMAN!

SDKMAN! (The Software Development Kit Manager) can be used for managing multiple versions of various binary SDKs, including Groovy and the Spring Boot CLI. Get SDKMAN! from [sdkman.io](https://sdkman.io/) and install Spring Boot by using the following commands:

```
$ sdk install springboot
$ spring --version
Spring CLI v2.6.4
```

If you develop features for the CLI and want access to the version you built, use the following commands:

```
$ sdk install springboot dev /path/to/spring-boot/spring-boot-cli/target/spring-boot-cli-2.6.4-bin/spring-2.6.4/
$ sdk default springboot dev
$ spring --version
Spring CLI v2.6.4
```

The preceding instructions install a local instance of `spring` called the `dev` instance. It points at your target build location, so every time you rebuild Spring Boot, `spring` is up-to-date.

You can see it by running the following command:

```
$ sdk ls springboot

================================================================================
Available Springboot Versions
================================================================================
> + dev
* 2.6.4

================================================================================
+ - local version
* - installed
> - currently in use
================================================================================
```

#### OSX Homebrew Installation

If you are on a Mac and use [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/), you can install the Spring Boot CLI by using the following commands:

```
$ brew tap spring-io/tap
$ brew install spring-boot
```

Homebrew installs `spring` to `/usr/local/bin`.

Note:

If you do not see the formula, your installation of brew might be out-of-date. In that case, run `brew update` and try again.

#### MacPorts Installation

If you are on a Mac and use [MacPorts](https://www.macports.org/), you can install the Spring Boot CLI by using the following command:

```
$ sudo port install spring-boot-cli
```

#### Command-line Completion

The Spring Boot CLI includes scripts that provide command completion for the [BASH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)) and [zsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_shell) shells. You can `source` the script (also named `spring`) in any shell or put it in your personal or system-wide bash completion initialization. On a Debian system, the system-wide scripts are in `/shell-completion/bash` and all scripts in that directory are executed when a new shell starts. For example, to run the script manually if you have installed by using SDKMAN!, use the following commands:

```
$ . ~/.sdkman/candidates/springboot/current/shell-completion/bash/spring
$ spring <HIT TAB HERE>
  grab  help  jar  run  test  version
```

Note:

If you install the Spring Boot CLI by using Homebrew or MacPorts, the command-line completion scripts are automatically registered with your shell.

#### Windows Scoop Installation

If you are on a Windows and use [Scoop](https://scoop.sh/), you can install the Spring Boot CLI by using the following commands:

```
> scoop bucket add extras
> scoop install springboot
```

Scoop installs `spring` to `~/scoop/apps/springboot/current/bin`.

Note:

If you do not see the app manifest, your installation of scoop might be out-of-date. In that case, run `scoop update` and try again.

#### Quick-start Spring CLI Example

You can use the following web application to test your installation. To start, create a file called `app.groovy`, as follows:

```
@RestController
class ThisWillActuallyRun {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    String home() {
        "Hello World!"
    }

}
```

Then run it from a shell, as follows:

```
$ spring run app.groovy
```

Note:

The first run of your application is slow, as dependencies are downloaded. Subsequent runs are much quicker.

Open `localhost:8080` in your favorite web browser. You should see the following output:

```
Hello World!
```

原文链接: https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.6.4/reference/html/getting-started.html#getting-started.installing
